191:
573:. During the following year, in America U. G. Lee and W. A. Darrah patented a similar biconical delta winged aeroplane with an explicitly rigid wing. It also incorporated a proposal for a flight control system and covered both gliding and powered flight. None of these early designs is known to have successfully flown although, in 1904, Lavezzani's hang glider featuring independent left and right triangular wings had left the ground, and Dunne's other tailless swept designs based on the same principle would fly.
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38:
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extreme manoeuvres, improves low-speed handling and reduces the takeoff run and landing speed. During the 1960s, this configuration was considered to be radical, but Saab's design team judged that it was the optimal approach available for satisfying the conflicting performance demands for the Viggen, which including favourable
527:
vortex to enhance its benefits and maintain controlled airflow through a wide range of speeds and angles of attack. This allows both improved manoeuvrability and lower stalling speeds, but the presence of the foreplane can increase drag at supersonic speeds and hence reduce the aircraft's maximum speed.
526:
A canard delta foreplane creates its own trailing vortex. If this vortex interferes with the vortex of the main delta wing, this can adversely affect the airflow over the wing and cause unwanted and even dangerous behaviour. In the close-coupled configuration, the canard vortex couples with the main
580:
in the 1930s, using a thick cantilever wing without any tail. His first such designs, for which he coined the name "Delta", used a very gentle angle so that the wing appeared almost straight and the wing tips had to be cropped sharply (see below). His first such delta flew in 1931, followed by four
886:
at low speeds than conventional aircraft; in the case of
Concorde, lift was maintained by allowed the formation of large low pressure vortices over the entire upper wing surface. Its typical landing speed was 170 miles per hour (274 km/h), considerably higher than subsonic airliners. Multiple
499:
was developed and implemented for the
Javelin following the early loss of an aircraft to such conditions. Gloster's design team had reportedly opted to use a tailed delta configuration out of necessity, seeking to achieve effective manoeuvrability at relatively high speeds for the era while also
828:
combat aircraft in 1967. The close coupling modifies the airflow over the wing, most significantly when flying at high angles of attack. In contrast to the classic tail-mounted elevators, the canards add to the total lift as well as stabilising the airflow over the main wing. This enables more
124:
section. This both enhances its weight-saving characteristic and provides greater internal volume for fuel and other items, without a significant increase in drag. However, on supersonic designs the opportunity is often taken to use a thinner aerofoil instead, in order to actually reduce drag.
256:
At high supersonic speeds, the shock cone from the leading edge root angles further back to lie along the wing surface behind the leading edge. It is no longer possible for the sideways flow to occur and the aerodynamic characteristics change considerably. It is in this flight regime that the
177:
In the subsonic regime, the behaviour of a delta wing is generally similar to that of a swept wing. A characteristic sideways element to the airflow develops. In this condition, lift is maximised along the leading edge of the wing, where the air is turned most sharply to follow its contours.
918:, an experimental "flying Jeep" or "fleep". The flexible wing chosen for it was a delta and in use it billowed out into a double-cone profile which gave it aerodynamic stability. Although tested but ultimately never used for spacecraft recovery, this design soon became popular for
451:, the tailless delta wing is not suited to high wing loadings and requires a large wing area for a given aircraft weight. The most efficient aerofoils are unstable in pitch and the tailless type must use a less efficient design and therefore a bigger wing. Techniques used include:
684:(an all-weather fighter) were among the first delta-equipped aircraft to enter production. Whereas the Vulcan was a classic tailless design, the Javelin incorporated a tailplane in order to improve low-speed handling and high-speed manoeuvrability, as well as to allow a greater
739:
on 10 March 1956, achieving 1,132 mph (1,811 km/h) or Mach 1.73. This raised the record above 1,000 mph for the first time and broke the previous record by 310 mph, or 37 per cent; never before had the record been raised by such a large margin.
648:
somewhat paralleled that of
Lippisch. During the 1930s, he had developed a tandem delta configuration with a straight fore wing and steep delta aft wing, similar to that of Causarás. The outbreak of the Second World War brought a halt to flight testing of the
552:
by J.W. Butler and E. Edwards in a design for a low-aspect-ratio, dart-shaped rocket-propelled aeroplane. This was followed by various similarly dart-shaped proposals, such as a biplane version by Butler and
Edwards, and a jet-propelled version by the Russian
712:, who worked at NACA during the Second World War, developed the theory of the thin delta wing for supersonic flight. First published in January 1945, his approach contrasted with that of Lippisch on thick delta wings. The thin delta wing first flew on the
221:
This allows air below the leading edge to flow out, up and around it, then back inwards creating a sideways flow pattern similar to subsonic flow. The lift distribution and other aerodynamic characteristics are strongly influenced by this sideways flow.
1334:
637:) It underwent significant alterations in the US, typically to lower its drag, resulting in the replacement of its large vertical stabilizer with a smaller and more conventional counterpart, along with a normal cockpit canopy taken from a
495:" in which the high angle of attack at the stall causes the turbulent wake of the stalled wing to envelope the tail. This makes the elevator ineffective and the airplane cannot recover from the stall. In the case of the Javelin, a
913:
During and after WWII, Francis and
Gertrude Rogallo developed the idea of a flexible wing which could be collapsed for storage. Francis saw an application in spacecraft recovery and NASA became interested. In 1961 Ryan flew the
483:
A conventional tail stabiliser allows the main wing to be optimised for lift and therefore to be smaller and more highly loaded. Development of aircraft equipped with this configuration can be traced back to the late 1940s.
181:
The sideways effect also leads to an overall reduction in lift and in some circumstances can also lead to an increase in drag. It may be countered through the use of leading-edge slots, wing fences and related devices.
157:
pattern over the upper surface. The lower extremity of this vortex remains attached to the surface and also accelerates the airflow, maintaining lift. For intermediate sweep angles, a retractable "moustache" or fixed
568:
patented his tailless stable aircraft with conical wing development. The patent included a broad-span biconical delta, with each side bulging upwards towards the rear in a manner characteristic of the modern
461:
Twisting the outer leading edge down to reduce the incidence of the wing tip, which is behind the main centre of lift. This also improves stall characteristics and can benefit supersonic cruise in other
1842:
523:
An unloaded or free-floating canard can allow a safe recovery from a high angle of attack. Depending on its design, a canard surface may increase or decrease longitudinal stability of the aircraft.
232:
Within this flight regime, drooping the leading edge within the shock cone increases lift, but not drag to any significant extent. Such conical leading edge droop was introduced on the production
88:. The delta wing form has unique aerodynamic characteristics and structural advantages. Many design variations have evolved over the years, with and without additional stabilising surfaces.
1986:
465:
Moving the centre of mass forwards and trimming the elevator to exert a balancing downforce. In the extreme, this reduces the craft's ability to pitch its nose up for takeoff and landing.
265:, becomes practicable. Here, a shock body beneath the wing creates an attached shockwave and the high pressure associated with the wave provides significant lift without increasing drag.
1331:
308:, the leading edge is not straight. Typically the inboard section has increased sweepback, creating a controlled high-lift vortex without the need for a foreplane. Examples include the
293: – tip is cut off. This helps maintain lift outboard and reduce wingtip flow separation (stalling) at high angles of attack. Most deltas are cropped to at least some degree.
891:
ZEHST), have reportedly adopted a similar configuration to that
Concorde's basic design, thus the Delta wing remains a likely candidate for future supersonic civil endeavours.
688:
range. Gloster proposed a refinement of the
Javelin that would have, amongst other changes, decreased wing thickness in order to achieve supersonic speeds of up to Mach 1.6.
716:
in 1948, making it the first delta-winged jet plane to fly. It provided a successful basis for all practical supersonic deltas and the configuration became widely adopted.
759:
were two of the first operational jet fighters to feature a tailless delta wing when they entered service in 1956. Dassault's interest in the delta wing produced the
101:
The long root chord of the delta wing and minimal area outboard make it structurally efficient. It can be built stronger, stiffer and at the same time lighter than a
1499:
1457:
190:
605:, Alexander Lippisch refined his ideas on the high-speed delta, substantially increasing the sweepback of the wing's leading edge. An experimental glider, the
471:
The main advantages of the tailless delta are structural simplicity and light weight, combined with low aerodynamic drag. These properties helped to make the
1733:
1758:
455:
Using a less efficient aerofoil which is inherently stable, such as a symmetrical form with zero camber, or even reflex camber near the trailing edge,
668:
Following the war, the
British developed a number of subsonic jet aircraft that harnessed data gathered from Lippisch's work. One such aircraft, the
2134:
1976:
520:
A lifting-canard delta can offer a smaller shift in the center of lift with increasing Mach number compared to a conventional tail configuration.
2121:
2095:
2044:
2019:
1940:
1584:
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888:
728:
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1419:
2156:
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1827:
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1493:
1451:
1392:
1220:
1066:
1001:
1036:
Boyd, Migotzky and Wetzel; "A Study of
Conical Camber for Triangular and Sweptback Wings", Research Memorandum A55G19, NACA, 1955.
225:
The rearward sweep angle lowers the airspeed normal to the leading edge of the wing, thereby allowing the aircraft to fly at high
109:
and lifting capability. Because of this it is easy and relatively inexpensive to build—a substantial factor in the success of the
1558:
767:. Amongst other attributes, the Mirage III was the first Western European combat aircraft to exceed Mach 2 in horizontal flight.
153:. However, for a sharply-swept delta wing, as air spills up round the leading edge it flows inwards to generate a characteristic
1889:
820:
developed a close-coupled canard delta configuration, placing a delta foreplane just in front of and above the main delta wing.
401: – adds a conventional tailplane (with horizontal tail surfaces), to improve handling. Common on Soviet types such as the
866:
When supersonic transport (SST) aircraft were developed, the tailless ogival delta wing was chosen for both the Anglo-French
709:
836:
The close-coupled canard has since become common on supersonic fighter aircraft. Notable examples include the multinational
833:
performance, supersonic speed, low turbulence sensitivity during low level flight, and efficient lift for subsonic flight.
162:(LERX) may be added to encourage and stabilise vortex formation. The ogee or "wineglass" double-curve, seen for example on
2185:
1170:
262:
229:, transonic, or supersonic speed, while the subsonic lifting characteristics of the airflow over the wing are maintained.
1534:
2195:
2190:
1479:
1441:
935:
852:. One of the main reasons for its popularity has been the high level of agility in manoeuvring that it is capable of.
638:
233:
159:
752:
581:
successively improved examples. These prototypes were not easy to handle at low speed and none saw widespread use.
1730:
1152:
540:
Triangular stabilizing fins for rockets were described as early as 1529-1556 by the
Austrian military engineer
195:
1755:
2149:
Airplane Design: Layout Design of Cockpit, Fuselage, Wing and Empennage : Cutaways and Inboard Profiles.
1199:
1146:
783:
554:
402:
313:
110:
665:
series from 1965. Further derivatives based on Payen's work were proposed but ultimately went undeveloped.
1037:
736:
545:
496:
150:
2131:
178:
Especially for a slender delta, the centre of lift approximates to halfway back along the leading edge.
57:
shaped in the form of a triangle. It is named for its similarity in shape to the Greek uppercase letter
1314:
1298:
923:
861:
807:
645:
614:
558:
424:
42:
743:
In its original tailless form, the thin delta was used extensively by the American aviation company
169:
In this condition, the centre of lift approximates to the centre of the area covered by the vortex.
2083:
837:
764:
513:
472:
416:
328:
85:
1268:
1260:
756:
577:
45:
is among the most successful delta-winged fighter jets, being used by many countries to this day.
696:
1786:
1690:
Von Karman, "Aerodynamics: Selected Topics in the Light of their Historical Development." 1954.
1384:
458:
Using the rear part of the wing as a lightly- or even negatively-loaded horizontal stabiliser:
2152:
2117:
2091:
2058:
2040:
2015:
1936:
1823:
1620:
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1489:
1447:
1388:
1099:
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1062:
1007:
997:
993:
960:
748:
685:
662:
448:
69:
1411:
1365:
Lee, U. G. and Darrah, H.; US patent 989,7896, filed 15 February 1910, granted 18 April 1911.
874:, the Tupolev first flying in 1968. While both Concorde and the Tu-144 prototype featured an
653:, although work continued for a time after the project garnered German attention. During the
2170:
2069:
1252:
985:
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677:
241:
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1981:
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1737:
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883:
841:
779:
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681:
500:
requiring suitable controllability when being flown at the slower landing speeds desired.
488:
420:
226:
143:
139:
114:
1229:
1699:
Hallion, Richard. "Lippisch, Gluhareff and Jones: The Emergence of the Delta Planform."
672:
research aircraft, made its first flight in 1949. British military aircraft such as the
1555:
1377:
945:
871:
825:
732:
724:
610:
440:
58:
37:
794:
782:
handling, manoeuvrability and centre of gravity range over a pure delta planform. The
2179:
1272:
986:
713:
622:
618:
606:
412:
1886:
548:. However, a true lifting wing in delta form did not appear until 1867, when it was
919:
908:
879:
875:
602:
570:
360:
342:
275:
245:
106:
77:
1061:. Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 408–9.
899:
508:
369:
351:
955:
799:
673:
658:
650:
594:
565:
541:
378:
309:
81:
1176:
589:
331:
is similar, but with the two sections and cropped wingtip merged into a smooth
287:
Variants of the delta wing plan offer improvements to the basic configuration.
1935:
Tupolev Tu-144, Gordon, Komissarov and Rigmant 2015, Schiffer Publishing Ltd,
1525:
950:
492:
215:
211:
207:
102:
73:
1076:
1011:
17:
988:
High Angle of Attack Aerodynamics: Subsonic, Transonic, and Supersonic Flows
915:
617:. Following the end of hostilities, the DM-1 was completed on behalf of the
258:
237:
203:
31:
1172:
Aerodynamic highlights of a fourth generation delta canard fighter aircraft
903:
This hang glider is a relatively broad-span and lightly swept Rogallo delta
723:
became interested in the delta wing, its proposals led to the experimental
2039:. British Secret Projects 1 (2nd ed.). Manchester: Crecy Publishing.
1352:
Woodhams, Mark and Henderson, Graeme; "Did we really fly Rogallo wings?",
824:
in 1963, this configuration was flown for the first time on the company's
64:
Although long studied, it did not find significant applications until the
878:
configuration, production models of the Tu-144 differed by changing to a
867:
849:
669:
626:
325:
280:
163:
121:
435:
1264:
817:
786:("Fishbed") became the most widely built combat aircraft of the 1970s.
744:
654:
576:
The practical delta wing was pioneered by German aeronautical designer
387:
65:
149:
Ordinarily, this flow separation leads to a loss of lift known as the
845:
821:
813:
775:
701:
549:
475:
one of the most widely manufactured supersonic fighters of all time.
154:
1256:
1198:(in German). SiebenbĂĽrgen und die SiebenbĂĽrger Sachsen im Internet.
1059:
Introduction to aerospace engineering with a flight test perspective
633:(National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, forerunner of today's
166:, incorporates this forward extension into the profile of the wing.
544:
and in the 17th century by the Polish-Lithuanian military engineer
236:
at the same time that the prototype design was reworked to include
1481:
Schwanzlose flugzeuge : ihre auslegung und ihre eigenschaften
1191:
898:
793:
771:
695:
588:
507:
434:
274:
189:
36:
882:
wing. The delta wings required these airliners to adopt a higher
142:
to maintain lift. At a sufficiently high angle the wing exhibits
830:
634:
630:
561:
was experimented with by the Spanish sculptor Ricardo Causarás.
332:
54:
120:
Its long root chord also allows a deeper structure for a given
1440:
Madelung, Ernst Heinrich; Hirschel, Horst; Prem, Gero (2004).
30:
This article is about the wing shape. For the racing car, see
2055:
Jet Bombers: From the Messerschmitt Me 262 to the Stealth B-2
1443:
Aeronautical research in Germany: from Lilienthal until today
1604:. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Co. Ltd. pp. 71–2.
763:
family of combat aircraft, especially the highly successful
1577:
Aircraft of the Luftwaffe, 1935-1945: an illustrated guide
1148:
Aspects of Wing Design for Transonic and Supersonic Combat
138:
Like any wing, at low speeds a delta wing requires a high
719:
During the late 1940s, the British aircraft manufacturer
1330:, UK Patent No. 8118, Date of Application 5 April 1909.
661:, in 1954, as well as the tailless pusher-configuration
657:
era, Payen flew an experimental tailless delta jet, the
2026:
Bradley, Robert (2003). "The Birth of the Delta Wing".
1488:] (in German). Basel: Birkhauser. pp. 577–78.
1328:
Provisional Patent: Improvements Relating to Aeroplanes
1315:
Patent application 46026 "Aeroplano Monoplano Causarás"
210:
speed range the wing's leading edge remains behind the
1305:. Generalitat Valencia. 2002. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
1299:"El Aeroplano-Monoplano Causarás en la Presna de 1909"
1383:(1st ed.). Osceola, WI: MBI Publishing. p.
1194:[Corad Haas rocket pioneer in Transylvania].
609:, was built to test the aerodynamics of the proposed
240:. It also appeared on Convair's next two deltas, the
1822:, Shepperton: Ian Allan Ltd., pp. 181 and 230,
1731:"Individual History: Fairey FD-2 Delta WG777/7986M."
491:, like other wings a delta wing can give rise to a "
316:, and the Hawker Siddeley HS. 138 VTOL concept. The
202:
With a large enough angle of rearward sweep, in the
198:, a development of their earlier F-102 Delta Dagger
194:Convair made several supersonic deltas. This is an
1751:
1749:
1376:
1317:. Ricardo Causarás. 1909. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
770:The tailed delta configuration was adopted by the
411: – Many modern fighter aircraft, such as the
1977:"Concorde's successor revealed at Paris Air Show"
76:flight. At the other end of the speed scale, the
2114:Concorde: The Full Story of the Anglo-French SST
1486:Tailless aircraft: their design & properties
1527:Lippisch P13a Supersonic Ramjet Fighter footage
1859:Soviet Air Power: An Illustrated Encyclopedia.
1104:, UK: Thunder & Lightnings, 4 April 2012,
443:was a successful tailless double-delta design
8:
1512:Both these aircraft shown, how not to do it.
992:. New York, NY: Springer New York. pp.
1619:. London: Jane's Yearbooks. pp. 75–6.
1348:
1346:
1192:"Corad Haas Raketenpionier in SiebenbĂĽrgen"
1023:
1021:
564:Also in 1909, British aeronautical pioneer
27:Triangle shaped aircraft wing configuration
2012:Postwar Military Aircraft: Gloster Javelin
926:and has become known as the Rogallo wing.
774:(Central Aero and Hydrodynamic Institute,
731:. A subsequent experimental aircraft, the
2116:. Kent, UK: Pictorial Histories Pub. Co.
1478:Wohlfahrt, Karl; Nickel, Michael (1990).
848:(a successor to the Viggen) and Israel's
146:, together with an associated high drag.
68:, when it proved suitable for high-speed
1963:
1379:Germany's secret weapons in World War II
1251:, vol. 14, JStor, pp. 461–73,
747:and by the French aircraft manufacturer
1951:
1617:Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1973-74
1602:Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1972–73
1446:(American ed.). Berlin: Springer.
1303:1909-2009 100 Anos de Aviacion Espanola
976:
2144:, 27 September 1980. pp. 1260–65.
516:has a canard delta wing configuration.
2171:Analysis of air flow over delta wings
1820:Early Supersonic Fighters of the West
7:
2106:The Gloster Javelin 1–6: Number 179.
1857:Sweetman, Bill & Gunston, Bill;
1655:Number 179 – The Gloster Javelin 1-6
2053:Gunston, Bill and Peter Gilchrist.
1908:Gunston and Gilchrist 1993, p. 244.
1502:from the original on 1 October 2021
889:Zero Emission Hyper Sonic Transport
487:When used with a T-tail, as in the
186:Transonic and low-supersonic flight
1537:from the original on 15 April 2016
802:pioneered the close-coupled canard
729:Air Ministry Specification E.10/47
218:created by the leading edge root.
80:proved a practical design for the
25:
2090:. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing.
1989:from the original on 22 June 2011
1875:, Salamander, pp. 514 to 516
1871:Green, W; Swanborough, G (1994),
1641:British Experimental Jet Aircraft
1575:LePage, Jean-Denis G. G. (2009).
887:proposed successors, such as the
1412:"New Triangle Plane Is Tailless"
1108:from the original on 9 June 2011
386:
377:
368:
359:
350:
341:
252:High-speed supersonic waveriding
134:Low-speed flight and vortex lift
1899:, Saab. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
1460:from the original on 2021-10-01
1422:from the original on 2014-06-27
1247:Orłowski, Bolesław (Jul 1973),
1202:from the original on 2018-09-17
1196:Beruehmte Siebenbuerger Sachsen
704:fighter had a conventional tail
337:
1799:, Retrieved: 13 December 2016.
1743:, Retrieved: 13 December 2016.
1668:Buttler, 2017, pp. 94, 98-100.
1289:, Osprey, 1974, pp. 87-88, 96.
1:
2070:"Configuration Aerodynamics."
1873:The complete book of fighters
1418:, p. 65, December 1931,
427:foreplanes and a delta wing.
263:North American XB-70 Valkyrie
2112:Schrader, Richard K (1989).
1756:"50 years ago: 16 Mar 1956."
708:The American aerodynamicist
644:The work of French designer
2108:Profile Publications, 1967.
1615:Taylor, John W. R. (1973).
1600:Taylor, John W. R. (1972).
1556:"Research Memorandum L7F16"
1175:, Mach flyg, archived from
936:List of delta-wing aircraft
639:Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star
601:During the latter years of
557:. In 1909 a variant with a
324:) used on the Anglo-French
234:Convair F-102A Delta Dagger
160:leading-edge root extension
2212:
1579:. McFarland. p. 243.
1027:Mason, Chap. 10, pp. 9–12.
906:
859:
805:
753:Convair F-102 Delta Dagger
312:fighter, the experimental
29:
2028:J. Am. Aviation Hist. Soc
1861:Salamander, 1978, p. 122.
2079:AOE 4124, Virginia Tech.
1761:20 December 2016 at the
1089:Allward 1983, pp. 11–12.
2037:Jet Fighters since 1950
1135:Patridge 1967, pp. 3–4.
1101:Gloster Javelin History
1057:Corda, Stephen (2017).
1047:Mason, Chap. 10, p. 16.
812:Through the 1960s, the
784:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21
597:bomber had a thick wing
403:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21
314:General Dynamics F-16XL
283:shows off its ogee wing
261:design, as used on the
92:General characteristics
2151:DARcorporation, 2002.
2035:Buttler, Tony (2017).
1917:Warwick 1980, p. 1260.
1818:Gunston, Bill (1976),
1797:Royal Air Force Museum
1741:Royal Air Force Museum
1565:, NACA, 5 August 1947.
1524:Grommo (17 May 2008),
1249:Technology and Culture
1228:, NASA, archived from
1151:, NATO, archived from
904:
816:aircraft manufacturer
803:
737:World air speed record
705:
598:
555:Nicholas de Telescheff
546:Kazimierz Siemienowicz
517:
444:
284:
199:
46:
2132:"Interceptor Viggen."
1653:Partridge, J (1967),
902:
895:Rogallo flexible wing
797:
699:
592:
511:
438:
423:use a combination of
278:
193:
78:Rogallo flexible wing
40:
2186:Aircraft wing design
2142:Flight International
2084:Orlebar, Christopher
1926:Roskam 2002, p. 206.
1766:Flight International
1681:, Aero, 1975. p.247.
1375:Ford, Roger (2000).
1287:Flight Before Flying
1126:Patridge 1967, p. 6.
924:ultra-light aircraft
862:Supersonic transport
856:Supersonic transport
808:Canard (aeronautics)
790:Close-coupled canard
692:Supersonic thin wing
646:Nicolas Roland Payen
497:stall warning device
43:Dassault Mirage 2000
2196:Delta-wing aircraft
2191:Wing configurations
2014:. Ian Allan, 1999.
1848:, 18 December 2015.
1701:Aerospace Historian
1179:on 27 November 2014
984:Rom, Josef (1992).
838:Eurofighter Typhoon
778:), to improve high
629:for examination by
621:and the shipped to
585:Subsonic thick wing
514:Eurofighter Typhoon
473:Dassault Mirage III
417:Eurofighter Typhoon
329:supersonic airliner
86:ultralight aircraft
2137:2016-03-13 at the
2088:The Concorde Story
2075:2015-09-14 at the
2010:Allward, Maurice.
1892:2020-06-29 at the
1792:2020-06-28 at the
1736:2020-06-26 at the
1677:Jones, Lloyd, S.;
1561:2017-05-03 at the
1337:2021-10-01 at the
905:
804:
757:Douglas F4D Skyray
727:being produced to
706:
599:
578:Alexander Lippisch
518:
445:
285:
200:
47:
2130:Warwick, Graham.
2123:978-0-929521-16-9
2097:978-1-85532-667-5
2046:978-1-910-80905-1
2020:978-0-711-01323-0
1941:978-0-7643-4894-5
1846:Dassault Aviation
1808:Wood 1975, p. 79.
1777:Wood 1975, p. 77.
1721:Wood 1975, p. 74.
1712:Wood 1975, p. 73.
1586:978-0-7864-3937-9
1332:Copy on Espacenet
1285:Wragg, David W.;
961:Tailless aircraft
751:. The supersonic
749:Dassault Aviation
686:centre of gravity
449:tailless aircraft
396:
395:
279:AĂ©rospatiale-BAC
269:Design variations
117:aircraft series.
16:(Redirected from
2203:
2127:
2101:
2057:. Osprey, 1993.
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2031:
1998:
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1994:
1985:, 20 June 2011,
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981:
941:Hermann Behrbohm
678:strategic bomber
559:canard foreplane
390:
381:
372:
363:
354:
345:
338:
242:F-106 Delta Dart
196:F-106 Delta Dart
21:
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2139:Wayback Machine
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2047:
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2006:
2001:
1992:
1990:
1982:The Independent
1975:
1974:
1970:
1962:
1958:
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1894:Wayback Machine
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1410:
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1339:Wayback Machine
1325:
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1284:
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1257:10.2307/3102331
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1189:
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1088:
1084:
1069:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1046:
1042:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1019:
1004:
983:
982:
978:
974:
969:
932:
911:
897:
884:angle of attack
870:and the Soviet
864:
858:
842:Dassault Rafale
810:
792:
780:angle-of-attack
761:Dassault Mirage
721:Fairey Aviation
710:Robert T. Jones
694:
682:Gloster Javelin
587:
538:
533:
506:
489:Gloster Javelin
481:
433:
421:Dassault Rafale
391:
382:
373:
365:Compound delta
364:
355:
347:Tailless delta
346:
271:
254:
188:
175:
173:Subsonic flight
144:flow separation
140:angle of attack
136:
131:
99:
94:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2209:
2207:
2199:
2198:
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2165:External links
2163:
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1661:
1645:
1643:, Argus, 1990.
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1158:on 17 May 2011
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963:
958:
953:
948:
946:Bertil Dillner
943:
938:
931:
928:
907:Main article:
896:
893:
872:Tupolev Tu-144
860:Main article:
857:
854:
806:Main article:
791:
788:
755:and transonic
733:Fairey Delta 2
725:Fairey Delta 1
693:
690:
586:
583:
537:
536:Early research
534:
532:
529:
505:
502:
480:
477:
469:
468:
467:
466:
463:
456:
441:Saab 35 Draken
432:
431:Tailless delta
429:
394:
393:
384:
375:
374:Cranked arrow
366:
357:
356:Cropped delta
348:
298:compound delta
270:
267:
253:
250:
187:
184:
174:
171:
135:
132:
130:
127:
105:of equivalent
98:
95:
93:
90:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2208:
2197:
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2181:
2172:
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2168:
2164:
2158:
2157:1-8848-8556-X
2154:
2150:
2147:Roskam, Jan.
2146:
2143:
2140:
2136:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2119:
2115:
2110:
2107:
2104:Patridge, J.
2103:
2099:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2078:
2074:
2071:
2067:
2064:
2063:1-85532-258-7
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2042:
2038:
2033:
2029:
2024:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2008:
2003:
1988:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1972:
1969:
1966:, p. 84.
1965:
1964:Schrader 1989
1960:
1957:
1954:, p. 44.
1953:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1938:
1932:
1929:
1923:
1920:
1914:
1911:
1905:
1902:
1898:
1895:
1891:
1888:
1883:
1880:
1874:
1867:
1864:
1860:
1854:
1851:
1847:
1844:
1843:"Mirage III."
1839:
1836:
1831:
1829:0-7110-0636-9
1825:
1821:
1814:
1811:
1805:
1802:
1798:
1795:
1791:
1788:
1787:"Fairey FD2."
1783:
1780:
1774:
1771:
1767:
1764:
1760:
1757:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1739:
1735:
1732:
1727:
1724:
1718:
1715:
1709:
1706:
1703:, March 1979.
1702:
1696:
1693:
1687:
1684:
1680:
1679:U.S. Fighters
1674:
1671:
1665:
1662:
1656:
1649:
1646:
1642:
1636:
1633:
1628:
1626:0-354-00117-5
1622:
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1596:
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1557:
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1529:
1528:
1520:
1517:
1513:
1501:
1497:
1495:3-7643-2502-X
1491:
1487:
1483:
1482:
1474:
1471:
1459:
1455:
1453:3-540-40645-X
1449:
1445:
1444:
1436:
1433:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1407:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1394:0-7603-0847-0
1390:
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1371:
1368:
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1292:
1288:
1282:
1279:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1243:
1240:
1235:on 2010-01-19
1231:
1224:
1223:
1216:
1213:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1187:
1184:
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1174:
1173:
1166:
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1154:
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1149:
1141:
1138:
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1129:
1123:
1120:
1107:
1103:
1102:
1095:
1092:
1086:
1083:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1068:9781118953372
1064:
1060:
1053:
1050:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1033:
1030:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1003:9781461228240
999:
995:
990:
989:
980:
977:
971:
966:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
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942:
939:
937:
934:
933:
929:
927:
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921:
917:
910:
901:
894:
892:
890:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
863:
855:
853:
851:
847:
844:, Saab's own
843:
839:
834:
832:
827:
823:
819:
815:
809:
801:
796:
789:
787:
785:
781:
777:
773:
768:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
741:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
717:
715:
714:Convair XF-92
711:
703:
698:
691:
689:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
666:
664:
660:
656:
652:
647:
642:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
623:Langley Field
620:
619:United States
616:
612:
608:
604:
596:
591:
584:
582:
579:
574:
572:
567:
562:
560:
556:
551:
547:
543:
535:
530:
528:
524:
521:
515:
510:
503:
501:
498:
494:
490:
485:
478:
476:
474:
464:
460:
459:
457:
454:
453:
452:
450:
442:
437:
430:
428:
426:
422:
418:
414:
413:JAS 39 Gripen
410:
406:
404:
400:
392:Tailed delta
389:
385:
383:Ogival delta
380:
376:
371:
367:
362:
358:
353:
349:
344:
340:
339:
336:
334:
330:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
306:cranked arrow
303:
299:
294:
292:
291:Cropped delta
288:
282:
277:
273:
268:
266:
264:
260:
251:
249:
247:
243:
239:
235:
230:
228:
223:
219:
217:
213:
209:
205:
197:
192:
185:
183:
179:
172:
170:
167:
165:
161:
156:
152:
147:
145:
141:
133:
128:
126:
123:
118:
116:
112:
108:
104:
96:
91:
89:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
62:
60:
56:
52:
44:
39:
33:
19:
18:Cropped delta
2148:
2141:
2113:
2105:
2087:
2054:
2036:
2027:
2011:
2004:Bibliography
1991:, retrieved
1980:
1971:
1959:
1952:Orlebar 2004
1947:
1931:
1922:
1913:
1904:
1896:
1882:
1872:
1866:
1858:
1853:
1845:
1838:
1819:
1813:
1804:
1796:
1782:
1773:
1765:
1740:
1726:
1717:
1708:
1700:
1695:
1686:
1678:
1673:
1664:
1654:
1648:
1640:
1635:
1616:
1610:
1601:
1595:
1576:
1570:
1551:
1539:, retrieved
1526:
1519:
1511:
1504:. Retrieved
1485:
1480:
1473:
1462:. Retrieved
1442:
1435:
1424:, retrieved
1415:
1406:
1398:
1378:
1370:
1361:
1356:, June 2010.
1353:
1327:
1326:J.W. Dunne;
1322:
1310:
1302:
1294:
1286:
1281:
1248:
1242:
1230:the original
1221:
1215:
1204:. Retrieved
1195:
1186:
1177:the original
1171:
1165:
1153:the original
1147:
1145:Probert, B,
1140:
1131:
1122:
1110:, retrieved
1100:
1094:
1085:
1058:
1052:
1043:
1032:
987:
979:
920:hang gliders
912:
909:Rogallo wing
880:double delta
876:ogival delta
865:
835:
811:
769:
742:
718:
707:
667:
643:
603:World War II
600:
575:
571:Rogallo wing
563:
539:
525:
522:
519:
504:Canard delta
486:
482:
479:Tailed delta
470:
446:
409:Canard delta
408:
407:
399:Tailed delta
398:
397:
322:ogival delta
321:
317:
305:
302:double delta
301:
297:
295:
290:
289:
286:
272:
255:
246:B-58 Hustler
231:
224:
220:
214:boundary or
201:
180:
176:
168:
148:
137:
129:Aerodynamics
119:
107:aspect ratio
100:
63:
50:
48:
2068:Mason W.H.
1541:27 November
1533:, Youtube,
1506:13 February
1112:10 February
956:Flying wing
840:, France's
800:Saab Viggen
674:Avro Vulcan
615:interceptor
613:high-speed
595:Avro Vulcan
566:J. W. Dunne
542:Conrad Haas
447:Like other
310:Saab Draken
238:area-ruling
82:hang glider
2180:Categories
1464:2020-10-04
1426:2016-10-10
1206:2010-09-09
967:References
951:Swept wing
765:Mirage III
735:set a new
493:deep stall
318:ogee delta
216:shock cone
212:shock wave
208:supersonic
103:swept wing
84:and other
74:supersonic
51:delta wing
1657:, Profile
1399:Lippisch.
1273:113306514
1077:967938446
1012:853258697
972:Citations
259:waverider
204:transonic
97:Structure
72:and
32:DeltaWing
2135:Archived
2086:(2004).
2073:Archived
1987:archived
1890:Archived
1887:"1960s."
1832:, 103/74
1790:Archived
1759:Archived
1734:Archived
1559:Archived
1535:archived
1500:Archived
1458:Archived
1420:archived
1354:Skywings
1335:Archived
1200:Archived
1106:archived
930:See also
868:Concorde
850:IAI Kfir
822:Patented
670:Avro 707
663:Arbalète
627:Virginia
550:patented
419:and the
326:Concorde
281:Concorde
227:subsonic
164:Concorde
122:aerofoil
70:subsonic
1993:21 June
1531:(video)
1265:3102331
818:Saab AB
814:Swedish
745:Convair
655:postwar
531:History
335:curve.
296:In the
206:to low
66:Jet Age
2155:
2120:
2094:
2061:
2043:
2018:
1939:
1826:
1623:
1583:
1492:
1450:
1391:
1271:
1263:
1075:
1065:
1010:
1000:
846:Gripen
826:Viggen
776:Moscow
702:MiG-21
680:) and
425:canard
415:, the
155:vortex
115:Mirage
111:MiG-21
1484:[
1269:S2CID
1261:JSTOR
1233:(PDF)
1226:(PDF)
1156:(PDF)
996:–23.
772:TsAGI
659:Pa.49
651:Pa-22
611:P.13a
462:ways.
151:stall
61:(Δ).
59:delta
53:is a
2153:ISBN
2118:ISBN
2092:ISBN
2059:ISBN
2041:ISBN
2016:ISBN
1995:2011
1937:ISBN
1824:ISBN
1621:ISBN
1581:ISBN
1543:2016
1508:2011
1490:ISBN
1448:ISBN
1389:ISBN
1114:2011
1073:OCLC
1063:ISBN
1008:OCLC
998:ISBN
922:and
916:XV-8
831:STOL
798:The
700:The
635:NASA
631:NACA
607:DM-1
593:The
512:The
439:The
333:ogee
320:(or
244:and
113:and
55:wing
41:The
1253:doi
676:(a
625:in
304:or
2182::
1979:,
1748:^
1510:.
1498:.
1456:.
1414:,
1397:.
1387:.
1385:36
1345:^
1301:.
1267:,
1259:,
1071:.
1020:^
1006:.
994:15
641:.
405:.
300:,
248:.
49:A
2159:.
2126:.
2100:.
2065:.
2049:.
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