147:
36:
128:
275:
the sample and observing for agglutination or hemolysis. A lack of agglutination or hemolysis indicates a negative test reaction, or compatible match. ISCM is not appropriate in all circumstances; if the recipient's antibody screen is positive, or if they have had a positive antibody screen in the
351:
Universal donor blood, which is both type O and Rh negative, can be given if the recipient's blood group is not known, as may happen in an emergency. It is the policy of some institutions to reserve the releasing of O− blood only for female patients of childbearing age. This serves two purposes.
330:
Minor cross-match: Here the
Recipient red cells are tested against donor serum to detect donor antibodies directed against a patient's antigens. This is no longer required. It is assumed that the small amount of donor serum and antibodies left in a unit of packed cells will be diluted in a
352:
First, it preserves the lower stock of O− blood and secondly, this eliminates the risk of O− negative mothers forming anti-D (Rh) antibodies from exposure to O+ blood. Anti-D (Rh) can cross the placenta during pregnancy and attack an unborn child's RBCs if they are D (Rh) positive causing
368:
may be needed. If laboratory services are not available, the bedside card method of blood grouping may be used, where a drop of the intended recipients blood is added to dried reagents on a prepared card. This method may not be as reliable as laboratory methods, which are preferable.
326:
Major cross-match: Here the
Recipient serum is tested against donor packed cells to determine if the recipient has preformed antibodies against any antigens on the donor's cells. This is the required cross-match prior to release of a unit of packed cell from blood
359:
In an emergency, blood grouping can be done easily and quickly in 2 or 3 minutes in the laboratory on glass slides with appropriate reagents, by trained technical staff. This method depends on the presence or absence of
308:
typing of the unit and of the recipient, and an antibody screen of the recipient. Electronic cross-matching can only be used if a patient has a negative antibody screen, which means that they do not have any active
343:
In the case of an emergency, a type-specific blood to which the recipient has no antibodies, can be requested. It is thought that this lifesaving measure is of more benefit than any risk of an antibody-mediated
317:, or they are below the detectable level of current testing methods. If all of the data entered is compatible, the computer will print a compatibility label stating that the unit is safe to transfuse.
250:
against that of the donor sample. In emergencies, blood may be issued before cross-matching is complete. Cross-matching is also used to determine compatibility between a donor and recipient in solid
271:; its primary use is to detect a mismatch between ABO blood types. It is an immediate test that involves combining the patient's serum and donor's red blood cells at room temperature, then
46:
822:
284:
The AHG crossmatch is done by incubating the recipient serum/plasma with the donor's red blood cells and adding anti-human globulin. It is essentially an indirect
579:
817:
827:
700:
364:(clumping of red blood cells), which can usually be visualized directly. Presence of agglutination indicates incompatibility. Occasionally a light
843:
812:
521:
442:
412:
838:
572:
300:
unit (where a donor's blood is tested prior to donation) and testing done on blood samples from the intended recipient. This includes
348:. This type of blood has less risk of a serious transfusion reaction because it is both ABO compatible and Rhesus (Rh)-compatible.
855:
353:
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107:
79:
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54:
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268:
195:
86:
512:
Flajnik, M. F.; Singh, Nevil; Holland, Steven M., eds. (2023). "CHAPTER 19 The major histocompatibility complex".
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865:
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93:
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935:
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662:
460:"Understanding crossmatch testing in organ transplantation: A case-based guide for the general nephrologist"
459:
361:
219:
75:
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1005:
980:
900:
878:
625:
301:
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As the complete cross-matching process takes approximately 1 hour, it is not always used in emergencies.
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247:
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Immediate-spin cross-matching (ISCM) is an abbreviated form of cross-matching that is faster, but less
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797:
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618:
592:
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985:
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404:
Linné & Ringsrud's
Clinical Laboratory Science: Concepts, Procedures, and Clinical Applications
238:, cross-matching is one of a series of steps in pre-transfusion testing. In some circumstances, an
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657:
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288:. It is also called "full cross-matching", "IAT cross-matching" and "Coomb's cross-matching".
191:
557:
782:
729:
695:
669:
516:(8th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wikins. p. 585.
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Electronic cross-matching is a computer-assisted analysis using data, from the
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if you can. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and
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can be performed by comparing records of the recipient's
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139:
198:. Normally, this involves adding the recipient's
823:Transfusion-associated graft versus host disease
434:Modern Blood Banking & Transfusion Practices
236:screening for unexpected blood group antibodies
276:past, a full crossmatch is performed instead.
60:Please review the contents of the article and
573:
8:
226:of the red blood cells, or by reaction with
818:Transfusion associated circulatory overload
426:
424:
828:Febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction
701:International Society of Blood Transfusion
580:
566:
558:
145:
396:
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431:Denise M Harmening (30 November 2018).
390:
210:in the recipient's plasma will bind to
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813:Transfusion related acute lung injury
151:Compatibility testing concerning RBCs
7:
206:. If the blood is incompatible, the
254:including heart/lung transplation.
214:on the donor red blood cells. This
169:
280:Anti-human globulin cross-matching
27:Testing before a blood transfusion
25:
856:Transfusion transmitted infection
354:haemolytic disease of the newborn
476:10.1111/j.1440-1797.2010.01414.x
218:can be detected through visible
126:
34:
234:of the donor and recipient and
407:(7 ed.). Elsevier Mosby.
62:add the appropriate references
1:
514:Paul's fundamental immunology
458:Mulley W, Kanellis J (2011).
263:Immediate-spin cross-matching
190:is a test performed before a
745:Intraoperative blood salvage
761:Blood compatibility testing
379:Blood compatibility testing
202:to a sample of the donor's
196:blood compatibility testing
47:reliable medical references
1127:
808:Transfusion hemosiderosis
292:Electronic cross-matching
216:antibody-antigen reaction
170:
144:
53:or relies too heavily on
788:Monocyte monolayer assay
663:Granulocyte transfusion
240:electronic cross-match
798:Transfusion reactions
252:organ transplantation
1106:Transfusion medicine
778:Kleihauer–Betke test
740:Exchange transfusion
619:Platelet transfusion
593:transfusion medicine
401:Turgeon, ML (2016).
346:transfusion reaction
866:Blood group systems
801:and adverse effects
636:Fresh frozen plasma
228:anti-human globulin
321:Major versus minor
1093:
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670:Blood substitutes
658:White blood cells
589:Blood transfusion
523:978-1-9751-4253-7
444:978-0-8036-9462-0
414:978-0-323-22545-8
192:blood transfusion
181:
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16:(Redirected from
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783:Antibody elution
730:plateletpheresis
696:Blood management
679:General concepts
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538:"AHG Crossmatch"
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174:edit on Wikidata
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76:"Cross-matching"
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470:(2): 125–133.
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437:. F.A. Davis.
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362:agglutination
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248:Rh blood type
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230:. Along with
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188:crossmatching
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117:November 2021
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78: –
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72:Find sources:
67:
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52:
48:
43:This article
41:
32:
31:
19:
765:
545:. Retrieved
541:
532:
513:
507:
497:13 September
495:. Retrieved
467:
463:
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433:
403:
358:
350:
342:
339:
295:
286:Coomb's test
283:
273:centrifuging
266:
239:
232:blood typing
200:blood plasma
187:
183:
182:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
51:verification
44:
874:Blood types
773:Coombs test
609:Whole blood
336:Emergencies
224:destruction
194:as part of
45:needs more
1111:Hematology
1100:Categories
686:Blood bank
547:2021-01-07
464:Nephrology
385:References
366:microscope
331:recipient.
315:antibodies
208:antibodies
87:newspapers
891:Augustine
835:reaction
833:Hemolytic
722:Apheresis
614:Platelets
542:bbguy.org
492:205474176
313:atypical
269:sensitive
1016:Lutheran
921:Dombrock
706:ISBT 128
484:21272123
373:See also
220:clumping
212:antigens
1055:Scianna
941:Gerbich
844:delayed
715:Methods
164:D001788
101:scholar
66:removed
966:Indian
911:Cromer
906:Colton
631:Plasma
520:
490:
482:
441:
411:
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
1085:Other
1011:Lewis
1001:Knops
981:KANNO
926:Duffy
916:Diego
839:acute
754:Tests
488:S2CID
327:bank.
298:donor
258:Types
172:[
108:JSTOR
94:books
1065:T-Tn
1050:RHAG
1048:and
1041:Raph
1036:P1PK
996:Kidd
986:Kell
951:GLOB
936:FORS
896:CD59
641:PF24
591:and
518:ISBN
499:2020
480:PMID
439:ISBN
409:ISBN
246:and
158:MeSH
80:news
49:for
1070:Vel
1060:Sid
1026:MNS
1006:Lan
976:JMH
946:GIL
879:ABO
472:doi
302:ABO
244:ABO
222:or
186:or
1102::
1080:Yt
1075:Xg
1046:Rh
1031:OK
1021:LW
990:Xk
971:JR
961:Ii
956:Hh
931:Er
732:,
728:,
540:.
486:.
478:.
468:16
466:.
462:.
423:^
393:^
356:.
306:Rh
68:.
992:)
988:(
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724:(
581:e
574:t
567:v
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526:.
501:.
474::
447:.
417:.
304:/
176:]
119:)
115:(
105:·
98:·
91:·
84:·
58:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
