593:) that's patented by Digital Voice Systems, Inc. (DVSI) because it was the highest quality and only codec available in silicon when the system was released. Amateur radio operators do not have access to the specification of this codec or the rights to implement it on their own without buying a licensed product. Amateurs have a long tradition of building, improving upon and experimenting with their own radio designs. The modern digital age equivalent of this would be designing and/or implementing codecs in software. Critics say the proprietary nature of AMBE and its availability only in hardware form (as ICs) discourages innovation. Even critics praise the openness of the rest of the D-STAR standard which can be implemented freely. As of 2017 the patents have expired, as announced by Bruce Perens, K6BP at the 2017 ARRL/TAPR DCC in his State of Digital Voice talk.
640:'s radio line, D-STAR used to significantly add to the cost of a radio, which was a barrier to the adoption of the technology. While in 2006 the cost of a D-STAR radio was compared to that of a standard analog radio, and the price difference was nearly double, in 2024 D-STAR is standard fare in many amateur radio transceivers, fixed-base (Icom IC-9700), mobile (Icom IC-7100) and hand-held (Icom IC-705, IC-905, IC-50A and IC-52A). This decrease in price is due to the per-unit cost for the voice codec hardware and/or license and partly to manufacturer research and development costs that has now been amortized. As is the case with any product, as more units were sold, the R&D portion of the cost decreased over time.
624:
may suffer outages or feature degradation that impacts operations. Without simulating such outages during drills, it is difficult to assess the impact of or establish D-STAR service recovery procedures in the event of such failures. As of the fall of 2011, there has been almost no discussion in the ham radio literature regarding actual drills where D-STAR systems were tested with completely failed or even intermittent telecommunications infrastructure. Comprehensive emergency communications plans used by ARES and other such organizations should address the possibility that such systems may not function as intended during major disasters.
41:
652:
secret, it is considered encoding rather than encryption. Unfortunately D-STAR uses AMBE, a non-public codec. However, French regulators, in April 2010, have issued a statement that rules D-STAR illegal in France, due to the ability to create a connection to the internet with it and the proprietary nature of the codec used. The French
Amateur Radio society, DR@F - Digital Radioamateur France has an online petition against this ruling, calling for the government to allow the mode, as to ban it would deny them 'fundamental rights'.
2847:
289:
540:
getting used to having these features. Features include the ability to link systems directly, "voice mail" (a single inbox today), ability to play/record audio to and from the repeaters connected to the
Gateway and the most important, the ability for DV-Dongle users to communicate from the Internet to the radio users on the repeaters.
602:
symbol or design, or a combination of words, phrases, symbols or designs, that identifies and distinguishes the source of the goods of one party from those of others." Icom does hold a trademark for its stylized D-STAR logo. There is no indication Icom is charging other vendors to use any of the D-STAR branding.
947:: HF/VHF/UHF 5w/10w Users can enjoy the latest G3 Gateway and DV mode features and have direct access to the D-STAR network with Terminal/Access point modes. The Photo Share feature as seen in the IC-9700 is available on the IC-705 to share photos with other IC-705 and IC-9700 radios without a computer.
1156:
codec built in. Amateurs can use this with a personal computer's audio system to communicate over the D-STAR network. This is an option for using D-STAR if there is not a local D-STAR repeater or if there is a repeater but it is not associated with an
Internet gateway. The dongle works along with the
623:
Many advanced D-STAR features rely on internet connections although simplex, repeated and crossband gateway voice and data communications do not. During widespread disasters that compromise commercial telecommunications infrastructure, D-STAR systems (as well as other modes that rely on the internet)
189:
As of late 2009, there are around 10,800 D-STAR users talking through D-STAR repeaters with
Internet connectivity via the G2 Gateway. There are approximately 550 G2 enabled repeaters now active. Note, these numbers do not include users with D-STAR capabilities that are not within range of a repeater,
2105:
1160:
DV-AP: A DVAP Dongle (DV Access Point Dongle) is also a USB device that creates a connection to the D-STAR network through an
Internet connected computer. But instead of using the computer's audio system, the DVAP Dongle has an antenna and a 10 mW two-meter transceiver that provides short-range
896:
GMSK Node
Adapter - these devices are hardware GMSK modems with firmware to take D-STAR protocol frames over a USB cable and provide the necessary logic and GMSK modulation to control a simplex node or a full duplex repeater. One repeater that is easily adaptable is the Kenwood TKR-820 as documented
738:
An advanced software application for use with D-STAR enabled radios. Supports advanced text chat, personal messaging with auto-reply and inbox, e-mail gateway and a beacon mode. GPS Tracking / Logging and a GPS Beacon emulator and
Internet linking. New features are added weekly and users can suggest
539:
Various projects exist for gateway administrators to add "add-on" software to their gateways, including the most popular package called "dplus" created by Robin
Cutshaw AA4RC. A large number of Gateway 2.0 systems are offering services added by this software package to their end-users, and users are
508:
Gateway software developed by
Jonathan Naylor, G4KLX, has a larger network of repeaters and users and is being adopted by former Gateway G2 users as the G2 system is closed source, only supports Icom repeaters, and runs on Centos 5.x which will reach end of life in March 2017. ircDDBGateway operates
142:
Starting in April 2004 Icom began releasing new "D-STAR optional" hardware. The first to be released commercially, was a 2-meter mobile unit designated IC-2200H. Icom followed up with 2 meter and 440 MHz handheld transceivers the next year. However, the yet to be released UT-118 add-on card was
865:
With the rise of cheap RTL-chip based
Software Defined Radios, there also appeared various software decoders to decode digital speech information carried by radio signals. Recently, this also includes D-Star. There are third-party decoders available, either for the protocol data and for the digital
828:
An ability for amateurs to send files during this weather event would have greatly increased the capacity for ARES to help during the emergency. Although D*Chat was a useful means of communication D-RATS was developed to help fill the gaps that may have been lacking. Another improvement over D*Chat
674:
Today a home-brewed D-STAR repeater can be built using open source software, used commercial radio equipment and a computer. One group advocating the construction of home-brewed D-STAR repeaters is Free-Star. Free-Star is an experimental approach to the implementation of a vendor neutral, and open
660:
The world's first non-Icom D-Star repeater was developed by KB9KHM using a GMSK Node Adaptor developed by Satoshi Yasuda and DVAR Hotspot software developed by KB9KHM in 2008. This repeater could link over the Internet with other Icom repeater gateways and Reflectors via D-Plus. It did not support
601:
Despite many protestations from the Pro-D-STAR lobby that the standard was developed by the JARL and D-STAR is not only an Icom system, the mark 'D-STAR' is itself a registered trademark of Icom. According to the United States Patent and Trademark Office, a trademark is defined as "a word, phrase,
232:
utilizing proprietary "gateway" software, available from Icom. This allows amateur radio operators to talk to any other amateurs participating in a particular gateway "trust" environment. The current master gateway in the United States is operated by the K5TIT group in Texas, who were the first to
725:
DStarQuery monitors the low-speed data stream of a D-STAR radio looking for queries sent from a remote station. When a valid query is received, a predefined sequence is executed and the results transmitted from the station running DStarQuery. For example, a station transmits "?D*rptrs?" and it is
664:
The first non-Icom D-STAR repeater fully supporting the K5TIT G2 network and D-Plus, GB7MH, went live on 10 September 2009, in West Sussex, England. Whilst waiting for the DSL line installation, the repeater is connected to the Internet via a 3G dongle from network operator "Three". The system is
159:
The Icom ID-1 1.3 GHz mobile radio was released in late 2004. The ID-1 was the first D-STAR radio that provided digital data (DD) mode operation. In this mode, data can be transferred at 128 kbit/s as a wireless bridge via the RJ-45 Ethernet jack on the radios. It was the only radio to
491:
Another additional feature of Gateway G2 is the ability to use callsign "suffixes" appended to the user's callsign in a similar fashion to the repeaters and gateways in the original system, which allow for direct routing to a particular user's radio or between two user radios with the same base
651:
Many have argued that the proprietary codec constitutes a form of encryption, and encryption is prohibited by almost every country's amateur radio licence conditions. According to FCC rules, if the algorithm is publicly published or otherwise widely available enough that transmissions are not
858:
Another project is Satoshi Yasuda's (7M3TJZ/AD6GZ) experiments with a UT-118 DV adapter. This project involves interfacing Icom's UT-118 with other manufacturer's amateur radio transceivers. With this project some VHF/UHF/SHF amateur radio transceivers are capable of being adapted for D-STAR
487:
to find and communicate with the trust server, allowing for redundancy/failover options for the trust server administrators. Finally, a feature called "multicast" has been added for administrators to be able to provide users with a special "name" they can route calls to which will send their
248:(1.3 GHz) amateur radio bands. There is also an interlinking radio system for creating links between systems in a local area on 10 GHz, which is valuable to allow emergency communications oriented networks to continue to link in the event of internet access failure or overload.
543:
There is often a misconception by users and system administrators alike that the Gateway 2.0 systems have these add-on features from dplus by default, a testament to the popularity of this add-on software. Dplus software development has an active following, and features such as multiple
109:, and microwave amateur radio bands. In addition to the over-the-air protocol, D-STAR also provides specifications for network connectivity, enabling D-STAR radios to be connected to the Internet or other networks, allowing streams of voice or packet data to be routed via amateur radio.
422:
Each participating amateur station wanting to use repeaters/gateways attached to a particular trust server domain must "register" with a gateway as their "home" system, which also populates their information into the trust server—a specialized central gateway system—which allows for
409:
needed for normal system operation, and also sends traffic and other data to servers operated under the domain name of "dstarusers.org". By this means a complete tracking of user behaviour is technically possible. Installation of this software also includes JavaAPRSd, a Java-based
610:
D-STAR, like any digital voice mode has comparable usable range to FM, but it degrades differently. While the quality of FM progressively degrades the further a user moves away from the source, digital voice maintains a constant voice quality up to a point, then essentially
820:
Fire Department was handled by the group using traditional FM voice because the group had no D-STAR repeater equipment available. Once the situation's communication needs became established the D*Chat messaging function was used to send small text transmissions via D-STAR
999:
Icom ID-5100: 2 m / 70 cm twin band digital voice mobile transceiver with monochrome touchscreen. Power up to 50 W on each band. Includes D-STAR module standard with GPS receiver and antenna in the head. Higher speed (3600 bit/s) DV data mode possible with firmware
900:
GMSK using a sound card - this method uses a computer sound card to generate GMSK modulation and de-modulation. The primary software for this method is developed by Jonathan Naylor. An example of a repeater system using this technique is the addition of D-STAR to the
859:
operation. This requires access to the receiver's discriminator and to the direct FM modulator of the radio, sometimes available at a 9,600 bit/s packet interface. Satoshi's product is no longer available. There is an alternative available at www.dutch-star.nl
259:
In addition to digital voice mode (DV), a Digital Data (DD) mode can be sent at 128 kbit/s only on the 23 cm band. A higher-rate data protocol, currently believed to be much like ATM, is used in the 10 GHz "link" radios for site-to-site links.
1157:
DVTOOL software, a simple application that mimics the controls on a D-STAR radio, although the interface does not actually look like a radio panel. Note: Now available from a number of amateur radio dealers or by homebrew using documentation at Moetronix.
404:
Additionally, gateways operating on the U.S. trust server are asked during initial setup to install DStarMonitor which is an add-on tool that allows the overall system administrators to see the status of each Gateway's local clock and other processes and
665:
built around Satoshi Yasuda's GMSK Node Adapter, a Mini-ITX system running CentOS 4, a Tait T800 repeater and G2 code written by G4ULF. All the usual G2 features such as callsign routing, D-Plus linkage and DPRS via D-STAR Monitor are supported.
729:
The program D-PRS Interface includes a "Query" entry field that streamlines this process allowing the user to simply enter the desired command. Most DStarQuery systems will respond with a list of available commands when "?D*info?" is received.
696:
D-StarLet is an open source client-server solution that allows content creation and modification from certain persons. D-StarLet interfaces with a D-STAR radio through the serial port. It works with Windows (98+), Linux (Red Hat 7.3+), Apple
927:
Icom IC-2820H/IC-E2820: 2 m / 70 cm twin band digital voice mobile transceiver. Power up to 50 W on each band. May be purchased with or without UT-123 D-STAR module. The D-STAR module includes a built-in GPS receiver with accompanying
342:
The current gateway control software rs-rp2c version G2, more commonly called "Gateway 2.0". Though most Linux distributions should be suitable, the recommended configuration uses CentOS Linux 5.1 with the latest updates, typically running
627:
The loss of Internet does not degrade the local operation of a D-STAR repeater system. Over the Internet linking and routing of traffic may be degraded. Some groups are using microwave-based systems, such as HamWAN, to link repeaters.
829:
that D-RATS provides is form support. Users can set up frequently used forms well before they are necessary and when the need comes all that is required is to fill in the fields. In this way, for example, emergency forms from the
995:
Icom ID-4100A: 2 m / 70 cm twin band digital voice mobile transceiver with monochrome touchscreen. Power up to 50 W. Air band, Marine, Weather RX. Terminal and assess point mode GPS receiver. microSD slot for voice and
615:". This behavior is inherent in any digital data system, and it demonstrates the threshold at which the signal is no longer correctable, and when data loss is too great, audio artifacts can appear in the recovered audio.
446:
on a single public IP address (can be static or dynamic in Gateway G2 systems) to a full 10.x.x.x/8 network is required. From there, the Gateway has another NIC connected directly to the D-STAR repeater controller via
811:
the Washington County ARES group was able to test D-STAR during this series of several strong Pacific storms that interrupted conventional communication systems for up to one week. Primary emergency traffic for the
1396:
937:
Icom ID-51 Anniversary Edition and ID-51A Plus: 2 m / 70 cm dual band digital voice hand held transceiver (5W). Identical to ID-51A but adds FM repeater directory and higher speed (3600 bit/s) DV data
934:
Icom ID-51 and ID-51A: 2 m / 70 cm dual band digital voice hand held transceiver (5W). Includes a built-in GPS receiver and DSTAR repeater database. Also reception of broadcast FM, AM, and shortwave.
1188:
codec built in. Amateurs can use this with a personal computer's audio system to communicate over the D-STAR network. This is an option for using D-STAR if there is not a local D-STAR repeater with a gateway.
255:
encoding, with 1,200 bit/s FEC, leaving 1,200 bit/s for an additional data "path" between radios utilizing DV mode. On air bit rates for DV mode are 4,800 bit/s over the 2 m, 70 cm and 23 cm bands.
1035:
Icom ID-RP2C: Repeater controller. Can support up to four digital voice repeaters and digital data access points. Required to operate any Icom D-STAR digital voice repeater or digital data access point.
492:
callsign, by utilizing the 8th most significant field of the callsign and adding a letter to that location, both in the gateway registration process on the web interface, and in the radios themselves.
1352:
ThumbDV D-STAR DV USB (AMBE decoder in thumb drive) and D-STAR DV add on card for Raspberry Pi. UDRC and UDRC II Raspberry Pi hat sound card and controller for digital radio repeaters and hotspots.
516:
ircDDBGateway supports Icom controllers and repeaters, as well as homebrew repeaters and hotspots (simplex access points). It provides more linking and routing options over the Gateway V1 and G2.
386:
entries utilize a mixture of the local PostgreSQL and BIND servers to look up callsigns and "pcname" fields (stored in BIND) which are mapped to individual 10.x.x.x internal-only addresses for
488:
transmissions to up to ten other D-STAR repeaters at the same time. With cooperation between administrators, a "multicast group" can be created for multiple repeater networks or other events.
959:
Icom IC-92AD: 2 m / 70 cm twin band digital voice hand held transceiver. Four power settings up to 5 W on each band. Rugged and submersible design, optional microphone with embedded GPS.
128:
In 1998 an investigation into finding a new way of bringing digital technology to amateur radio was started. The process was funded by a ministry of the Japanese government, then called the
1850:
855:
The first presumed D-STAR radio including pictures and diagrams can be found at Moetronix.com's Digital Voice Transceiver Project. This page includes the schematic, source, and whitepaper.
143:
required for these radios to operate in D-STAR mode. Eventually, the card became available and once installed into the radios, it provided D-STAR connectivity. The June 2005 edition of the
209:. The goal of the project is to develop expertise in various aspects of satellite design and operation. The satellite weighs just 1 kilogram and utilizes a UHF uplink and a VHF downlink.
414:
interface which is utilized on Gateway 2.0 systems to interface between the Icom/D-STAR GPS tracking system called DPRS to the more widely known and utilized amateur radio APRS system.
156:
JARL released some changes to the existing D-STAR standard in late 2004. Icom, aware that the changes were coming, delayed the release of their hardware in anticipation of the changes.
1059:
FLEX-6300: HF-6m all mode including digital voice transceiver (2 receivers). Power is selectable from 1 W to 100 W. Open API including D-STAR access. D-STAR source available online
1056:
FLEX-6500: HF-4m all mode including digital voice transceiver (4 receivers). Power is selectable from 1 W to 100 W. Open API including D-STAR access. D-STAR source available online
1053:
FLEX-6700: HF-2m all mode including digital voice transceiver (8 receivers). Power is selectable from 1 W to 100 W. Open API including D-STAR access. D-STAR source available online
924:
Icom ID-1: 23 cm digital voice and digital data mobile transceiver. Power is selectable at 1 W or 10 W. USB control port and Ethernet connection for data. No longer available.
435:. Most amateurs will need only a handful of these "registered" IP addresses, because the system maps these to callsigns, and the callsign can be entered into multiple radios.
678:
GB7LF in Lancaster, UK, went live in May 2009 and was a converted Tait repeater. It was preceded by two others in Weston-Super-Mare, UK and also another in Staffordshire, UK.
3122:
717:
A Java application run on the repeater gateway PC which logs activity on the attached repeaters. Additional features include APRS object representation of each repeater.
401:
of the host Linux system, thus making CentOS 5.1 the common way to deploy a system, to keep incompatibilities from occurring in both package versions and configuration.
1346:
ThumbDV and PiDV AMBE decoders. UDRC and UDRC II (Universal Digital Radio Controller) which adds D-STAR to the Yaesu DR-1X repeater or homebrew hotspots and repeaters
129:
71:-based standard. There are other digital modes that have been adapted for use by amateurs, but D-STAR was the first that was designed specifically for amateur radio.
2284:
2165:
2077:
2020:
1881:
1782:
1596:
1296:(ID-1, ID-800H, ID-880H, IC-2200H, IC-2820H, IC-705, IC-80D, IC-91AD, IC-92AD, ID-RP2000V, ID-RP4000V, ID-31A, ID-51A, ID-52, IC-7100, IC-9100, IC-9700, ID-5100A)
785:. It runs on Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. The application was developed by Dan Smith (KK7DS) for the Washington County Amateur Radio Emergency Service in Oregon.
2788:
986:
Icom IC-9700: 2 m / 70 cm / 23 cm All Mode. Includes the Digital Data Mode found in the discontinued ID-1. Can decode two digital voice streams at once.
1641:
500:
The Gateway V1 software was similar to Gateway G2, and utilized Fedora Core 2+ or Red Hat Linux 9+ OS on a Pentium-grade 2.4 GHz or faster machine.
3234:
1914:
202:
2246:
1324:
Hotspot / Node Adaptors give D-STAR users access to remote D-STAR systems using over-the-air interface. Can be used as a simplex node or repeater.
2392:
1857:
431:
for use with their callsign or radios, and various naming conventions are available to utilize these addresses if needed for specialized callsign
427:
across a particular trust server domain. Only one "registration" per trust domain is required. Each amateur is set aside eight 10.x.x.x internal
1610:
2816:
962:
Icom IC-91AD/IC-E91 + D-STAR: 2 m / 70 cm twin band digital voice hand held transceiver. Power is selectable at 0.5 W or 5 W on each band.
471:
for "database" activities, the addition of both an administrative and end-user Web interface for registration which was previously handled via
2927:
2886:
2632:
1495:
1069:
FLEX-6700R: HF-2m all mode including digital voice receiver (8 receivers). Open API including D-STAR access. D-STAR source available online
299:
2932:
2642:
2277:
355:
9.2.1 or later). The CPU should be 2.4 GHz or faster and the memory should at least be 512 MB or greater. There should be two
519:
ircDDBGateway can run on various distributions of Linux and versions of Microsoft Windows. Computer requirements can be as simple as a
3182:
2781:
2303:
275:
connection for high-speed (128 kbit/s) connections on the 23 cm band. This allows easy interfacing with computer equipment.
216:
transceivers and receivers via a software upgrade. D-STAR support requires the addition of the ThumbDV device from NW Digital Radio.
3091:
2922:
2695:
2503:
1092:
1085:
411:
1810:
931:
Icom ID-31 and ID-31A: 70 cm digital voice hand held transceiver (5W). Includes a built-in GPS receiver and repeater database.
3117:
3082:
2990:
2811:
1524:
977:
Icom IC-U82: 70 cm single band digital voice hand held transceiver. Power up to 5 W. Must purchase optional D-STAR module.
756:
398:
251:
Within the D-STAR Digital Voice protocol standards (DV), voice audio is encoded as a 3,600 bit/s data stream using proprietary
68:
2004:
D-RATS — an Application Suite for D-STAR - Make D-STAR meet your needs with text chatting, file sharing and other applications
3229:
3157:
3152:
3077:
2270:
2202:
2091:
1465:
1200:
1185:
1153:
796:
or other documents to someone. The quantity of data sent can be higher compared to traditional amateur modes. Voice and even
252:
2942:
2937:
2871:
2774:
2612:
2341:
950:
Icom ID-800H: 2 m / 70 cm dual band digital voice mobile transceiver. Power up to 55 W on 2 m and 50 W on 70 cm.
774:
75:
1133:
AOR AR-DV10: Wide band receiver (100 kHz - 1300 MHz) that decodes multiple digital voice modes including D-STAR
3042:
2493:
2440:
2316:
1130:
AOR AR-DV1: Wide band receiver (100 kHz - 1300 MHz) that decodes multiple digital voice modes including D-STAR
974:
Icom IC-V82: 2 m single band digital voice hand held transceiver. Power up to 7 W. Must purchase optional D-STAR module.
971:
Icom IC-2200H: 2 m single band digital voice mobile transceiver. Power up to 65 W. Must purchase optional D-STAR module.
578:
480:
439:
1672:
883:
Reception done by a Software Defined Radio and decoding of the D-Star header information done by the program dstar.exe.
2508:
2385:
1557:
1469:
1401:
773:. There is also the ability to map user's positions using the D’PRS function of D-STAR. The application is written in
484:
443:
144:
35:
397:
builds most of the Web-based open-source tools from source for standardization purposes, while utilizing some of the
2213:
886:
Reception done by a Software Defined Radio and speech decoding done by the program DSD 1.7 (Digital Speech Decoder).
643:
FlexRadio Systems D-STAR implementation requires the use of a $ 129 add-on module to their FLEX-6000 Series Radios.
2985:
2700:
1711:
1444:
1161:
over-the-air access using a D-STAR radio (usually a handheld). Note that a D-STAR radio is required. The DVAP does
808:
510:
133:
60:
2725:
2556:
2518:
2349:
2199:
Vol 91 No 11 November 2007 Page 74, by Steve Ford, WB8IMY does a review on the IC 2820H Dual Band FM Transceiver.
570:
40:
2861:
2750:
2566:
1970:
2119:
451:
and the typical configuration is a 172.16.x.x (/24) pair of addresses between the gateway and the controller.
382:
Along with the open-source tools, the Icom proprietary dsipsvd or "D-STAR IP Service Daemon" and a variety of
1796:
862:
Antoni Navarro (EA3CNO) also has designed another interface based on a PIC microprocessor and UT-118 module.
228:
together locally and through the Internet utilizing callsigns for routing of traffic. Servers are linked via
3172:
2710:
2460:
838:
834:
1942:
1925:
544:
repeater/system connections similar to the type of linking done by other popular repeater-linking systems (
3208:
3167:
2866:
2836:
2420:
2378:
850:
747:
Slow Scan TV for D-STAR radios and video streaming for Icom ID-1 by GM7HHB. Runs on Windows XP and Vista.
356:
225:
198:
179:
3147:
2906:
2831:
2455:
1528:
822:
590:
359:
and at least 10 GB free of hard drive space which includes the OS install. Finally for middleware,
167:
139:
In September 2003 Icom named Matt Yellen, KB7TSE (now K7DN), to lead its US D-STAR development program.
91:
2846:
1114:
These transceivers are not available in North America and appear to be OEM versions of the Icom ID-800H
800:
are capable of getting a message through albeit slowly, but D-STAR can transfer documents, images, and
2133:
3127:
3021:
2995:
2980:
2970:
2720:
2571:
2435:
2430:
2354:
1617:
574:
271:
connection for low-speed data (1,200 bit/s), while the Icom ID-1 and IC-9700 radios offer a standard
268:
106:
83:
79:
64:
20:
866:
speech content, but legal conflicts with the patented AMBE vocoder may exist in some jurisdictions.
2755:
2602:
2488:
2425:
1240:
Wide band receiver (100 kHz - 1300 MHz) capable of decoding multiple digital voice modes
902:
789:
586:
460:
171:
117:
102:
24:
980:
531:
Refactored ircDDBGateway by Geoffery Merck F4FXL. Known to support Icom 3rd Generation repeaters.
3102:
3016:
813:
442:, the "external" one being on a real 10.x.x.x network behind a router. A router that can perform
406:
394:
360:
19:
This article is about a digital voice mode used in amateur radio. For the physical quantity, see
2231:
2048:
1503:
1098:
Kenwood TMW-706S: 2 m / 70 cm dual band digital voice mobile transceiver. Power up to 50 W.
668:
1101:
Kenwood TMW-706: 2 m / 70 cm dual band digital voice mobile transceiver. Power up to 20 W.
941:
Icom ID-51 and ID-51A Plus 2: identical to ID-51A Plus but adds Access point and Terminal mode.
2662:
2657:
2622:
2159:
2071:
2014:
1977:
1875:
1776:
1635:
1590:
637:
263:
Radios providing DV data service within the low-speed voice protocol variant typically use an
113:
2219:
1440:
475:
commands by the Gateway V1 system administrators, dropping the requirement for static public
3000:
2607:
1921:
817:
175:
1366:
Open Source hardware and firmware. Can be used for IP-reflector, dongle, modem or hotspot.
3198:
3112:
3037:
2740:
2690:
2034:
797:
87:
1835:
992:: HF/VHF/UHF transceiver. Includes built-in D-STAR capability and monochrome touchscreen.
1814:
2561:
782:
770:
709:
D-PRS is GPS for ham radio. Includes DStarTNC2, javAPRSSrvr, DStarInterface, and TNC-X
245:
241:
213:
98:
1697:
1473:
310:
44:
ICOM IC-91AD handheld transceiver with the D-STAR UT-121 digital voice board installed
3223:
3177:
3162:
3107:
3072:
2947:
2797:
2576:
2546:
2415:
2401:
2294:
2209:
March 2008 (Vol 83 No 03) review of Icom IC-E2820 transceiver and overview of D-STAR.
1010:
Icom IC-R2500: HF/VHF/UHF/SHF receiver/scanner. Must purchase optional D-STAR module.
766:
364:
183:
56:
1532:
1091:
Kenwood TH-D74A: 2 m / 1.25 m / 70 cm tri band handheld with digital voice and
86:. The quality of the data received is also better than an analog signal at the same
3087:
2715:
2652:
2551:
2541:
1196:
989:
906:
612:
520:
472:
344:
2262:
1389:, a related commercial two-way digital radio standard with similar characteristics
1268:
Hotspot and GMSK Node Adaptors give D-STAR users access to the reflector network.
670:
2214:
https://web.archive.org/web/20080913225308/http://www.cq-vhf.com/D-StarWin08.html
2179:
193:
The first D-STAR capable microsatellite was launched in early 2016. OUFTI-1 is a
2876:
2745:
2735:
2730:
965:
944:
801:
726:
received by a DStarQuery station which responds with a list of local repeaters.
90:, as long as the signal is above a minimum threshold and as long as there is no
956:
Icom IC-80AD: 3rd gen 2m / 70 cm digital voice hand held transceiver (5W).
467:) for more flexibility and control of updates, versus the previous use of only
2901:
2821:
2359:
2326:
2256:
2134:"Walkie Talkies | NEXEDGE | PMR446 | Ham Radio • Kenwood Comms"
1392:
953:
Icom ID-880H: 3rd gen 2 m / 70 cm digital voice mobile transceiver (50W).
666:
566:
476:
464:
428:
376:
1943:"Digital Voice Situation in France / European Parliament Petition (Update 1)"
1254:
Open Source hardware and firmware. Can be used for simplex node or repeater.
693:
A Web-based text messaging application using D-STAR digital data technology.
2705:
1676:
1084:
Kenwood TH-D74E: 2 m / 70 cm dual band handheld with digital voice and
830:
762:
190:
or working through D-STAR repeaters that do not have Internet connectivity.
164:
28:
1553:
3062:
2975:
2891:
2647:
2592:
2513:
2311:
2212:
CQ-VHF: D-STAR in the Southeastern U.S., Greg Sarratt, W4OZK, (partial),
1381:
698:
549:
448:
272:
237:
1715:
2881:
2667:
2597:
2498:
2445:
432:
387:
383:
372:
368:
194:
983:: HF/VHF/UHF transceiver. Must purchase optional UT-121 D-STAR module.
679:
74:
Several advantages of using digital voice modes are that it uses less
3203:
3097:
3057:
2896:
2672:
2523:
2470:
2465:
2450:
2206:
1192:
793:
459:
The main differences between Gateway V1 and V2 are the addition of a
424:
264:
229:
1956:
236:
D-STAR transfers both voice and data via digital encoding over the
3047:
2826:
1499:
1409:, a digital two-way radio standard in use outside of North America
1406:
841:, such as the FEMA standard ICS-213, could be generated and sent.
792:
in the event of a disaster. Served agencies can relate to sending
348:
39:
1427:"FlexRadio | Leaders in Software Defined Radios & Technology"
379:
8.2.3 are utilized, but these can be different as updates occur.
212:
In 2015, FlexRadio Systems added D-STAR support to their line of
2766:
2370:
2321:
1386:
739:
new features through the D-STAR Comms forum. www.dstarcomms.com
582:
545:
468:
352:
160:
provide this function until the release of the IC-9700 in 2019.
2770:
2374:
2266:
390:
of both voice and data traffic between participating gateways.
136:. In 2001, D-STAR was published as the result of the research.
16:
Digital voice and data protocol specification for amateur radio
3067:
2152:
2063:
2007:
1769:
1583:
1181:
1149:
778:
282:
149:
2251:
2236:
1750:
1658:
1049:
Transceivers—D-STAR, CODEC2, Analog FM Capable and all mode:
661:
callsign routing or slash routing via the K5TIT G2 network.
2241:
1426:
393:
During installation, the Gateway 2.0 software installation
322:
2220:
http://nicktoday.com/icom-id-51-id-51a-first-quick-review/
509:
on the ircDDB and QuadNet2 networks and is licensed under
314:
675:
source, digital communication network for amateur radio.
55:) is a digital voice and data protocol specification for
589:), D-STAR uses a closed-source proprietary voice codec (
318:
306:
1895:
968:: VHF/UHF/SHF transceiver announced recently by ICOM.
761:
D-RATS is a D-STAR communications tool that supports
182:) in 2007. The two experienced minor difficulty with
1736:
1653:
1651:
1338:(Available through multiple amateur radio dealers.)
59:. The system was developed in the late 1990s by the
3191:
3140:
3030:
3009:
2963:
2956:
2915:
2854:
2804:
2681:
2621:
2585:
2532:
2479:
2408:
2340:
2302:
2064:"Converting the Kenwood TKR-820 to use with D-STAR"
1032:
Icom ID-RP2D: 23 cm digital data access point.
1026:
Icom ID-RP4000V: 70 cm digital voice repeater.
1038:Icom ID-RP2L: 10 GHz Microwave Link Repeater.
2049:"Receiving D-STAR Voice with DSD 1.7 on Windows"
1395:, a related digital radio standard sponsored by
1029:Icom ID-RP2V: 23 cm digital voice repeater.
207:Orbital Utility For Telecommunication Innovation
1441:"Digitization and amateur radio for networking"
1262:Dualband Radio Hotspot & GMSK Node Adaptor
2120:"Handhelds • TH-D74E Features • Kenwood Comms"
1282:(FLEX-6700, FLEX-6500, FLEX-6300, FLEX-6700R)
1191:PiDV D-STAR DV add-on card for upcoming UDRX,
2782:
2386:
2278:
1851:"DStar DV Sensitivity vs. Analog Sensitivity"
233:install a D-STAR repeater system in the U.S.
112:D-STAR compatible radios are manufactured by
8:
1466:"Icom names new D-STAR technical specialist"
1023:Icom ID-RP2000V: 2 m digital voice repeater.
1013:Icom IC-R30: HF/VHF/UHF/SHF receiver/scanner
178:while working AMSAT's AO-27 microsatellite (
53:Digital Smart Technologies for Amateur Radio
2164:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2076:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2019:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1880:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1781:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1766:ICOM IC-92AD Dual Band Handheld Transceiver
1673:"About K5TIT - The Texas Interconnect Team"
1595:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
905:DR-1X repeater by attaching the UDRC and a
483:, and the ability of the software to use a
97:D-STAR compatible radios are available for
2960:
2789:
2775:
2767:
2393:
2379:
2371:
2285:
2271:
2263:
2035:"Decoding D-STAR Headers with the RTL-SDR"
920:Transceivers—D-STAR and Analog FM Capable:
1675:. Texas Interconnect Team. Archived from
1210:
130:Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications
1997:
1995:
1993:
1797:"An AMBE open source compatible codec?"
1418:
825:at distances of up to seventeen miles.
300:instructions, advice, or how-to content
224:The system today is capable of linking
2197:Icom IC 2820H Dual Band FM Transceiver
2157:
2069:
2012:
1873:
1774:
1640:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1633:
1588:
1578:Steven Ford, WB8IMY (September 2009),
1165:convert an analog FM signal to D-STAR.
78:than older analog voice modes such as
2928:International Telecommunication Union
1764:Gary Pearce, KN4AQ (September 2008),
1525:"SA Announces Vega CubeSat Selection"
565:Like other commercial digital modes (
455:Differences between Gateway V1 and G2
7:
2147:Gary Pearce, KN4AQ (February 2009),
2259:by the Washington County ARES group
2002:Dan Smith, KK7DS (September 2008),
1045:FlexRadio Systems D-STAR equipment
309:so that it is more encyclopedic or
203:Haute École de la Province de Liège
170:occurred between Michael, N3UC, in
153:magazine reviewed the Icom IC-V82.
23:. For the concept in robotics, see
1915:"D-STAR Digital Voice for VHF/UHF"
1212:Manufacturers of D-STAR equipment
27:. For the subatomic particle, see
14:
2923:International Amateur Radio Union
2504:Common traffic advisory frequency
1836:"Trademark, patent, or copyright"
1496:"Satellite Detail AMRAD-OSCAR 27"
1315:MicroWalt Corporation DUTCH*Star
619:Emergency Communications Concerns
438:The gateway machine controls two
197:built by Belgian students at the
3235:Quantized radio modulation modes
2845:
1554:"The ARRL Letter, vol 27, no 13"
1318:Mini Hotspot & Node Adaptor
684:Compatible programs and projects
287:
2108:. Kenwood (Google Translation).
788:D-STAR is able to send data to
757:Amateur Radio Emergency Service
2938:ITU prefixes for amateur radio
205:). The name is an acronym for
1:
2613:Maritime mobile amateur radio
1712:"About/Product - CentOS Wiki"
440:network interface controllers
2756:Voting (diversity combining)
2494:Aircraft emergency frequency
2441:General Mobile Radio Service
2218:N1IC's Review of Icom ID-51
1924:. p. 45. Archived from
1234:AR-DV1 and AR-DV10 Receiver
2509:Mandatory frequency airport
1849:Mark Miller, N5RFX (2008).
1558:American Radio Relay League
1470:American Radio Relay League
1360:Node adapter & Hotspot
1248:Node adapter & Hotspot
1180:ThumbDV D-STAR DV USB is a
1148:DV-Dongle: The dongle is a
606:Usable range compared to FM
496:Gateway V1 control software
485:fully qualified domain name
444:network address translation
145:American Radio Relay League
36:List of amateur radio modes
3251:
2701:Automatic vehicle location
2242:D-STAR FAQ and Information
2232:Icom D-STAR Digital Radios
1811:"D-STAR Trademark Details"
1580:A D-STAR repeater in space
1445:Japan Amateur Radio League
848:
809:Great Coastal Gale of 2007
754:
134:Japan Amateur Radio League
132:, and administered by the
61:Japan Amateur Radio League
33:
18:
2843:
2726:Dynamic range compression
2643:Dual-tone multi-frequency
2557:Professional mobile radio
2519:Single Frequency Approach
1856:. qsl.net. Archived from
1076:Kenwood D-STAR equipment
656:Non-Icom D-STAR repeaters
120:, and FlexRadio Systems.
2817:Emergency communications
2751:Radiotelephony procedure
2567:Specialized Mobile Radio
2149:DV Dongle D-STAR Adapter
1913:Bob Witte, KØNR (2006).
2887:International operation
2461:Multi-Use Radio Service
2247:Icom D-STAR information
839:Incident Command System
835:National Traffic System
552:) are being worked on.
367:5.5.20, mod_jk2 2.0.4,
357:network interface cards
3209:Amateur radio in India
3153:Amateur radio software
2957:Modes of communication
2867:Amateur radio operator
2533:Land-based commercial
2421:Amateur radio repeater
2092:"Udrc groups.io Group"
1971:"D-RATS - What is it?"
1531:. 2008. Archived from
1472:. 2003. Archived from
916:Icom D-STAR equipment
851:Amateur radio homebrew
845:Home-brew D-STAR radio
180:Miniaturized satellite
45:
3230:Digital amateur radio
3148:Amateur radio station
2933:Frequency allocations
2907:Vintage amateur radio
2832:High-speed telegraphy
2535:and government mobile
2482:(aeronautical mobile)
2237:Icom D-STAR Microsite
1529:European Space Agency
1332:DV Dongle & DVAP
765:, TCP/IP forwarding,
647:Questionable legality
174:and Robin, AA4RC, in
92:multipath propagation
43:
34:Further information:
2572:Trunked radio system
2436:Public Radio Service
2431:Family Radio Service
2409:Amateur and hobbyist
2037:. 25 September 2013.
790:emergency responders
769:, and can act as an
418:How Gateway G2 works
84:frequency modulation
80:amplitude modulation
65:minimum-shift keying
21:Specific detectivity
2603:Coast radio station
2489:Air traffic control
2426:Citizens band radio
2106:"Amateur Equipment"
2051:. 19 February 2014.
1476:on November 4, 2005
1213:
1176:Computer accessory:
1144:Computer accessory:
1019:Repeater equipment:
892:Repeater equipment:
461:relational database
307:rewrite the content
199:University of Liège
172:Haymarket, Virginia
25:D* search algorithm
2586:Marine (shipboard)
2471:UHF CB (Australia)
1273:FlexRadio Systems
1211:
879:Decoder/Receivers:
814:American Red Cross
46:
3217:
3216:
3136:
3135:
2764:
2763:
2625:Selective calling
2368:
2367:
2062:John Hays, K7VE.
1978:Icom Incorporated
1751:"Quadnet Network"
1698:"What is D-STAR?"
1370:
1369:
1343:NW Digital Radio
1226:More Information
1172:NW Digital Radio
613:falls off a cliff
561:Proprietary codec
340:
339:
220:Technical details
163:The first D-STAR
3242:
2961:
2849:
2827:DX communication
2791:
2784:
2777:
2768:
2682:System elements
2608:Marine VHF radio
2395:
2388:
2381:
2372:
2287:
2280:
2273:
2264:
2184:
2183:
2176:
2170:
2169:
2163:
2155:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2075:
2067:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2018:
2010:
1999:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1975:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1919:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1879:
1871:
1869:
1868:
1862:
1855:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1813:. Archived from
1807:
1801:
1800:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1780:
1772:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1723:
1714:. Archived from
1708:
1702:
1701:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1684:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1655:
1646:
1645:
1639:
1631:
1629:
1628:
1622:
1616:. Archived from
1615:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1594:
1586:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1565:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1511:
1502:. Archived from
1494:Michael Wyrick.
1491:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1481:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1423:
1214:
1184:device with the
1152:device with the
818:Vernonia, Oregon
734:D-STAR Comms PRO
597:Trademarked name
335:
332:
326:
291:
290:
283:
186:during the QSO.
176:Atlanta, Georgia
3250:
3249:
3245:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3240:
3239:
3220:
3219:
3218:
3213:
3199:Shortwave radio
3187:
3132:
3113:Spread spectrum
3026:
3005:
2952:
2943:Maritime mobile
2911:
2850:
2841:
2800:
2795:
2765:
2760:
2741:Rayleigh fading
2683:
2677:
2624:
2617:
2581:
2534:
2528:
2481:
2475:
2404:
2399:
2369:
2364:
2336:
2298:
2291:
2228:
2192:
2187:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2156:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2068:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2011:
2001:
2000:
1991:
1982:
1980:
1973:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1928:
1917:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1872:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1853:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1820:
1818:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1799:. 2 March 2010.
1795:
1794:
1790:
1773:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1721:
1719:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1700:. Icom America.
1696:
1695:
1691:
1682:
1680:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1657:
1656:
1649:
1632:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1613:
1611:"Archived copy"
1609:
1608:
1604:
1587:
1577:
1576:
1572:
1563:
1561:
1552:
1551:
1547:
1538:
1536:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1509:
1507:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1479:
1477:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1450:
1448:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1402:Ricochet modems
1378:
1372:
872:
853:
847:
759:
705:D-PRS interface
686:
658:
558:
537:
535:Add-on software
529:
506:
498:
457:
420:
336:
330:
327:
304:
292:
288:
281:
222:
126:
88:signal strength
38:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3248:
3246:
3238:
3237:
3232:
3222:
3221:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3195:
3193:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3144:
3142:
3138:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3034:
3032:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3024:
3019:
3013:
3011:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2967:
2965:
2958:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2919:
2917:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2858:
2856:
2852:
2851:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2808:
2806:
2802:
2801:
2796:
2794:
2793:
2786:
2779:
2771:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2687:
2685:
2684:and principles
2679:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2629:
2627:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2562:Radio repeater
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2538:
2536:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2485:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2405:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2390:
2383:
2375:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2346:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2308:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2292:
2290:
2289:
2282:
2275:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2254:
2252:dstarusers.org
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2227:
2226:External links
2224:
2223:
2222:
2216:
2210:
2200:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2185:
2180:" | Wiki"
2171:
2139:
2125:
2111:
2097:
2083:
2054:
2040:
2026:
1989:
1962:
1948:
1934:
1931:on 2011-07-15.
1905:
1887:
1841:
1827:
1802:
1788:
1756:
1742:
1728:
1703:
1689:
1664:
1647:
1602:
1570:
1545:
1516:
1486:
1457:
1432:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1410:
1404:
1399:
1390:
1384:
1377:
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1199:that adds the
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871:
868:
846:
843:
807:It was in the
783:cross-platform
771:e-mail gateway
767:file transfers
753:
752:
745:
744:
743:D-STAR Star TV
736:
735:
723:
722:
715:
714:
707:
706:
701:, and others.
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279:Gateway server
277:
221:
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125:
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15:
13:
10:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
3247:
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3207:
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3200:
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3179:
3178:Two-way radio
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3073:Hellschreiber
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2799:
2798:Amateur radio
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2577:Walkie-talkie
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2548:
2547:Business band
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2416:Amateur radio
2414:
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2407:
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2402:Two-way radio
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2295:two-way radio
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2041:
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2022:
2016:
2009:
2005:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1979:
1972:
1966:
1963:
1958:
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1935:
1927:
1923:
1916:
1909:
1906:
1901:
1897:
1891:
1888:
1883:
1877:
1863:on 2012-04-06
1859:
1852:
1845:
1842:
1837:
1831:
1828:
1817:on 2011-07-18
1816:
1812:
1806:
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1798:
1792:
1789:
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1778:
1771:
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1760:
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1752:
1746:
1743:
1738:
1737:"ircDDB Home"
1732:
1729:
1718:on 2020-12-15
1717:
1713:
1707:
1704:
1699:
1693:
1690:
1679:on 2014-04-26
1678:
1674:
1668:
1665:
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1648:
1643:
1637:
1623:on 2015-09-06
1619:
1612:
1606:
1603:
1598:
1592:
1585:
1581:
1574:
1571:
1559:
1555:
1549:
1546:
1535:on 2008-07-18
1534:
1530:
1526:
1520:
1517:
1506:on 2011-06-05
1505:
1501:
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1222:
1219:
1217:Manufacturer
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1120:
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1111:
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1108:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1090:
1087:
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1082:
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1080:Transceivers:
1078:
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1063:
1058:
1055:
1052:
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629:
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617:
616:
614:
605:
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603:
596:
595:
594:
592:
588:
587:System Fusion
584:
580:
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572:
568:
560:
559:
555:
553:
551:
547:
541:
534:
532:
526:
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504:IrcDDBGateway
503:
501:
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366:
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320:
316:
312:
308:
302:
301:
296:This article
294:
285:
284:
278:
276:
274:
270:
266:
261:
257:
254:
249:
247:
243:
239:
234:
231:
227:
219:
217:
215:
210:
208:
204:
201:and I.S.I.L (
200:
196:
191:
187:
185:
184:doppler shift
181:
177:
173:
169:
166:
161:
157:
154:
152:
151:
146:
140:
137:
135:
131:
123:
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119:
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110:
108:
104:
100:
95:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
72:
70:
66:
62:
58:
57:amateur radio
54:
50:
42:
37:
30:
26:
22:
3183:Transceivers
3141:Technologies
3088:Packet radio
3052:
3031:Data/Digital
2663:Quik-Call II
2653:Push-to-talk
2637:
2623:Signaling /
2552:Mobile radio
2542:Base station
2331:
2257:D-STAR video
2196:
2174:
2148:
2142:
2128:
2114:
2100:
2086:
2057:
2043:
2029:
2003:
1981:. Retrieved
1965:
1951:
1937:
1926:the original
1908:
1899:
1890:
1865:. Retrieved
1858:the original
1844:
1830:
1819:. Retrieved
1815:the original
1805:
1791:
1765:
1759:
1745:
1731:
1720:. Retrieved
1716:the original
1706:
1692:
1681:. Retrieved
1677:the original
1667:
1625:. Retrieved
1618:the original
1605:
1579:
1573:
1562:. Retrieved
1560:. 2008-04-04
1548:
1537:. Retrieved
1533:the original
1519:
1508:. Retrieved
1504:the original
1489:
1478:. Retrieved
1474:the original
1460:
1449:. Retrieved
1435:
1421:
1371:
1223:Repeater(s)
1197:Raspberry Pi
1175:
1162:
1143:
1125:
1113:
1079:
1064:
1048:
1018:
1005:
990:Icom IC-7100
981:Icom IC-9100
919:
907:Raspberry Pi
891:
878:
864:
861:
857:
854:
827:
806:
802:spreadsheets
787:
760:
746:
737:
728:
724:
716:
713:DStarMonitor
708:
695:
692:
677:
673:
663:
659:
650:
642:
635:
626:
622:
609:
600:
564:
542:
538:
530:
527:DStarGateway
521:Raspberry Pi
518:
515:
507:
499:
490:
477:IP addresses
473:command-line
458:
437:
429:IP addresses
421:
403:
392:
381:
341:
328:
305:Please help
297:
262:
258:
250:
235:
223:
211:
206:
192:
188:
162:
158:
155:
148:
141:
138:
127:
111:
96:
73:
52:
48:
47:
2877:DX-pedition
2837:Homebrewing
2746:Tone remote
2736:Link budget
2731:Fade margin
2658:Quik-Call I
2360:P25 phase 2
2327:P25 phase 1
1957:"Free Star"
966:Icom IC-905
945:Icom IC-705
315:Wikiversity
244:(UHF), and
3224:Categories
3010:Television
2916:Governance
2902:Radiosport
2822:Contesting
2805:Activities
2456:Mobile rig
2195:ARRL: QST
1983:2009-12-17
1900:hamwan.org
1867:2009-11-26
1821:2010-06-19
1722:2016-09-23
1683:2014-04-25
1627:2015-08-08
1564:2017-06-25
1539:2008-12-05
1510:2009-12-16
1480:2009-11-27
1451:2015-12-06
1414:References
1393:Project 25
1329:Moetronix
1203:codec chip
1140:Inet Labs
1126:Receivers:
1065:Receivers:
1006:Receivers:
849:See also:
755:See also:
721:DStarQuery
556:Criticisms
465:PostgreSQL
377:postgreSQL
351:2.3.2 and
323:Wikivoyage
3173:Satellite
2948:Licensing
2716:DC remote
2706:Call sign
2480:Aviation
2297:standards
1310:(TH-D74)
1220:Radio(s)
909:computer.
875:Homebrew
870:Equipment
837:, or the
831:Red Cross
763:text chat
689:D-StarLet
319:Wikibooks
298:contains
226:repeaters
165:satellite
76:bandwidth
63:and uses
29:hexaquark
3063:EchoLink
2892:QSL card
2721:Dispatch
2648:MDC-1200
2593:2182 kHz
2514:MULTICOM
2312:TETRAPOL
2293:Digital
2160:citation
2072:cite web
2015:citation
1876:cite web
1777:citation
1636:cite web
1591:citation
1382:MDC-1200
1376:See also
1301:Kenwood
1245:DV-RPTR
1000:upgrade.
928:antenna.
897:by K7VE.
816:and the
699:Mac OS X
550:EchoLink
481:gateways
449:10BASE-T
399:packages
375:5.0 and
371:0.9.8d,
363:2.0.59,
347:2.4.20.
331:May 2022
273:Ethernet
3192:Related
3123:WIRES-X
2882:Hamfest
2862:History
2855:Culture
2691:Antenna
2668:Selcall
2598:500 kHz
2499:Airband
2446:KDR 444
2190:Journal
1357:UP4DAR
1259:DVMEGA
996:logging
823:simplex
781:and is
511:GPL-2.0
433:routing
425:lookups
388:routing
384:crontab
373:Java SE
369:OpenSSL
240:(VHF),
195:CubeSat
124:History
118:Kenwood
67:in its
3204:Q code
3098:PACTOR
3058:DAPNET
3053:D-STAR
2976:DSB-SC
2897:Q code
2872:Awards
2673:SELCAL
2638:D-STAR
2524:UNICOM
2466:PMR446
2451:LPD433
2332:D-STAR
2207:RadCom
1922:CQ VHF
1896:"Home"
1659:"NWDR"
1447:. 2011
1193:Odroid
1112:Note:
794:e-mail
775:Python
751:D-RATS
395:script
365:Tomcat
361:Apache
345:kernel
313:it to
265:RS-232
230:TCP/IP
69:packet
49:D-STAR
3048:AMTOR
2964:Voice
2633:CTCSS
2350:TETRA
1974:(PDF)
1929:(PDF)
1918:(PDF)
1861:(PDF)
1854:(PDF)
1621:(PDF)
1614:(PDF)
1500:AMSAT
1407:TETRA
1287:Icom
938:mode.
903:Yaesu
571:TETRA
349:glibc
321:, or
246:23 cm
242:70 cm
3158:IRLP
3118:C4FM
3108:RTTY
3092:APRS
3083:MFSK
3022:SSTV
2812:ARDF
2696:APRS
2342:TDMA
2322:NXDN
2317:dPMR
2304:FDMA
2203:RSGB
2166:link
2078:link
2021:link
1882:link
1783:link
1642:link
1597:link
1397:APCO
1387:NXDN
1363:Yes
1321:Yes
1307:Yes
1304:Yes
1293:Yes
1290:Yes
1276:Yes
1265:Yes
1251:Yes
1231:AOR
1201:AMBE
1186:AMBE
1154:AMBE
1122:AOR
1093:APRS
1086:APRS
638:Icom
632:Cost
591:AMBE
583:NXDN
579:dPMR
548:and
546:IRLP
479:for
469:BIND
412:APRS
407:PIDs
353:BIND
311:move
253:AMBE
114:Icom
82:and
3168:SDR
3163:QRP
3128:DMR
3103:PSK
3078:DMT
3068:FT8
3043:ALE
3017:ATV
2991:AME
2986:SSB
2981:ISB
2711:CAD
2355:DMR
2153:QST
2008:QST
1770:QST
1584:QST
1349:No
1335:No
1279:No
1237:No
1195:or
1182:USB
1163:not
1150:USB
779:GTK
636:In
575:DMR
567:P25
269:USB
267:or
238:2 m
168:QSO
150:QST
147:'s
107:UHF
103:VHF
94:.
3226::
3038:CW
3001:PM
2996:FM
2971:AM
2205::
2162:}}
2158:{{
2151:,
2074:}}
2070:{{
2017:}}
2013:{{
2006:,
1992:^
1976:.
1920:.
1898:.
1878:}}
1874:{{
1779:}}
1775:{{
1768:,
1650:^
1638:}}
1634:{{
1593:}}
1589:{{
1582:,
1556:.
1527:.
1498:.
1468:.
1443:.
833:,
804:.
798:CW
585:,
581:,
577:,
573:,
569:,
523:.
513:.
317:,
214:HF
116:,
105:,
101:,
99:HF
3094:)
3090:(
2790:e
2783:t
2776:v
2394:e
2387:t
2380:v
2286:e
2279:t
2272:v
2182:.
2168:)
2136:.
2122:.
2094:.
2080:)
2066:.
2023:)
1986:.
1959:.
1945:.
1902:.
1884:)
1870:.
1838:.
1824:.
1785:)
1753:.
1739:.
1725:.
1686:.
1661:.
1644:)
1630:.
1599:)
1567:.
1542:.
1513:.
1483:.
1454:.
1429:.
1095:.
1088:.
777:/
611:"
463:(
343:(
333:)
329:(
325:.
303:.
51:(
31:.
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