920:
of two parts: Nitra and neighboring Bihar, extending from the upper Tisa in the north to the Körös river in the south, from the
Transylvanian borders in the east to the Tisa river in the west. Béla was a sovereign lord of his demesne. This is testified by ducal half-denarii - they had the words BELA DVX engraved on them - as well as by the previously mentioned Hungarian Chronicle. Béla probably had the coins struck at his ducal seat in Nitra and new fortifications were added to the Nitra castle. At that time, Duke Béla was the
728:, Pribina was initially the ruler of an independent polity which was centered on Nitra. For instance, Barford writes that Pribina "was apparently prince of Nitra". Pribina's assumed realm is described as the "first demonstrable Slavic state north of the middle Danube" by Lukačka. Lukačka also says that Pribina had a retinue and that most its members "certainly descended from the former tribal aristocracy" but some of them "could have come from the free strata of the mass of the people".
646:
186:
1028:
964:
maintain his rule only in some western counties of the kingdom. Following his ascension to the throne, King Géza confirmed his brothers, Ladislaus and
Lampert in the possession of the Duchy. When Géza died on 25 April 1077, his partisans proclaimed Ladislaus king who could enforce King Solomon to accept his rule in 1081. During Ladislaus' reign, the Duchy may have governed by his brother, Duke Lampert, but it has not been proven yet.
1435:
797:
38:
858:
745:
Nitra – under Mojmir gave rise to the empire of Great
Moravia. According to Marsina, the inhabitants of Pribina's principality who "definitely were aware of their difference from the Moravian Slavs" preserved their "specific consciousness" even within Great Moravia, which contributed to the development of the common consciousness of the ancestors of the Slovak people.
975:, who had been debating Coloman's right to the throne following the death of King Ladislaus I, and conceded the territories in appanage to him. In 1105, Duke Álmos rebelled against his brother and sought military assistance from the Holy Roman Empire and Poland, but his troops were defeated by the king shortly afterwards. In 1107, Duke Álmos made a pilgrimage to the
778:, which fits well into the system of Indo-European toponyms; other rivers with similar names are not known. Charles Bowlus also rejects the identification of Nitrava with Nitra, because the latter town was only annexed by Moravia during the reign of Svatopluk, years after Pribina's expulsion, according to a letter that Archbishop
900:. Therefore, Györffy continues, the crown prince's command over these ethnic groups transformed, in the course of the 10th century, into his authority over the territories where they settled. On the other hand, Gyula Kristó, who rejected Györffy's theory, writes that the Duchy only came into being when King
872:
within the
Kingdom of Hungary in the 11th-12th centuries. The symbol of the ducal power was a sword, while the royal power was represented by the crown. Modern historians do not share a consensual view on the origins of the Duchy or territorial units administered by members of the royal family within
748:
Pribina was not an independent ruler, but Duke Mojmir of
Moravia's lieutenant in Nitra, according to Vlasto. He says that Pribina's attempts to achieve independence led to his exile. The identification of "Nitra" with "Nitrava" is not universally accepted by scholars. Imre Boba and Charles Bowlus are
919:
to his brother, Béla. The territories entrusted to the members of the ruling dynasty were organized around two or three centers and the duchy made up one-third of the kingdom's territory. Béla's autonomous duchy (ducatus) extended from the Morava river to the border of
Transylvania. It was composed
963:
Following a nine-year-long period of cooperation, conflicts arose among the king and the dukes, and the latter could expand their power over the larger part of the kingdom and the king had to flee to the western borders. In 1074, the eldest duke, Géza was proclaimed king, while King
Solomon could
710:(r. 821–836) consecrated a church for Pribina "on his estate at a place over the Danube called Nitrava" at an unspecified date. Modern historians debate whether this sentence was part of the original text or was only a marginal note which was interpolated into the main text in the 12th century.
732:
says that it "can hardly be unambiguously decided whether
Pribina was a prince of a greater tribe or of two or three smaller joined tribes". He adds that Pribina may have belonged to the second or third generation of the heads of this polity, which emerged in the valleys of the rivers
744:
Scholars who write that
Pribina was an independent ruler also say that his principality was united with Moravia after he was exiled from his homeland. Kirschbaum and Steinhübel add that the forced unification of the two principalities – Mojmir's Moravia and Pribina's
994:, who attacked Bohemia. In November, the emperor made a peace with Coloman, who let his brother come back to his court, but the Duchy and his ducal power was not to be restored. Shortly afterwards, Coloman set up the bishopric of Nitra in one of the seats of the Ducatus.
612:
as their king in the early 7th century. Samo's realm, which emerged in the northern or northwestern regions of the
Carpathian Basin, existed for more than three decades. It disintegrated soon after its founder's death and Avar control of the region was restored.
669:, which flows below the hill upon which it stood. Archaeological research shows that a settlement inhabited by blacksmiths, goldsmiths and other artisans developed at the fortress. An extensive network of settlements emerged around it in the 9th century.
620:
against it. The fall of the Khaganate contributed to the rise of new polities among the Slavs in the region. The shift in political control was accompanied by changes in military strategy and equipment. According to Curta, swords and other items of the
526:. Its history remains uncertain because of a lack of contemporary sources. The territory's status is subject to scholarly debate: some modern historians describe it as an independent polity that was annexed either around 833 or 870 by the
660:
The remains of a 9th-century fortress covering 12 hectares (30 acres), the age of which has not been determined, were unearthed in the centre of Nitra. Beeby writes that the fortress belongs to the "Great Moravian period". According to
782:
and his suffragans wrote around 900. According to Třeštík, the content of the letter can be explained as a reasonable mistake of its compilators who knew that the territory was in the past a separate realm different from Moravia.
765:
could not refer to a city. According to his view, none of the modern names of Nitra (Slovak Nitra, Hungarian Nyitra and German Neutra) could develop from a "Nitrava" form. Boba's linguistic approach is not compliant with
574:
groups inhabiting parts of present-day Slovakia. Procopius wrote that an exiled Lombard prince named Hildigis mustered an army, "taking with him not only those of the Lombards who had followed him, but also many of the
955:
provided military assistance to the three dukes thus they could return to the kingdom. However, the parties wanted to avoid the emerging civil war and therefore they made an agreement on 20 January 1064 in
2954:
Pieta, K. and Ruttkay, A., 2006. Bojná–mocenské a christianizačné centrum Nitrianskeho kniežatstva. Predbežná správa. Bojná. Hospodárske a politické centrum Nitrianskeho kniežatstva, Nitra, pp. 21-69.
2979:
185:
2984:
770:
research which suggests that Nitra was the primary form of the place name and "Nitrava" is only the secondary name; both forms were recorded already in the 9th century. The Czech historian
960:. Under the agreement, the three brothers: Géza, Ladislaus and Lampert accepted the rule of their cousin, King Solomon who conceded them their father's former duchy (the Ducatus).
2910:
Alimov, D. E., 2015. В поисках «Племени»: посавское и нитранское княжества в контексте этнополитической ситуации в славянском мире в IX В. Исторический формат, (4 (4)).
915:
The practise of dynastical divisions of the kingdom's territories commenced in 1048 when King Andrew I of Hungary conceded one-third of the counties of his kingdom in
928:
gave rise to conflicts between the two brothers that resulted in a civil war. The civil war stopped in 1060 when Béla defeated his brother and ascended the throne.
2999:
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characterized by handmade pottery, cremation burials and small, square, sunken huts that typically featured a corner stone oven appeared in the plains along the
1463:
1207:
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Ruttkay, M., 2012. Mocenské centrá Nitrianskeho kniežatstva. Bratia, ktorí zmenili svet: Konštantín a Metod. Príspevky z konferencie. Bratislava, pp. 115-144.
761:
by Louis the German, according to Aventinus) with Nitra, because Nitrava was in "Hunia or Avaria", to the south of Bavaria. He also says that the Latin term
889:
1381:
1301:
982:
When Duke Álmos returned from the Holy Land and realised that his territories had been incorporated into the royal domains, he escaped to the court of
3009:
2960:Šalkovský, P., 2013. Sídelný vývoj v povodí hornej Nitry v starších fázach stredoveku. Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology), 1(61), pp. 143-175.
702:, who ordered that Pribina should be "instructed in the faith and baptized". According to a sentence in three of the eleven extant manuscripts of the
594:
and subjugated the local inhabitants in the second half of the 6th century. Thereafter, Slavic groups inhabiting areas around the core regions of the
1037:
818:
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2457:
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2239:
674:
2230:(Edited, Translated and Annotated by Martyn Rady and László Veszprémy) (2010). In: Rady, Martyn; Veszprémy, László; Bak, János M. (2010);
1238:
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774:, who says that the association of Nitra with Nitrava cannot be challenged, writes that the latter form developed from the name of the
432:
227:
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220:
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2313:
2299:
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2271:
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944:
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779:
121:
102:
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Baláž, P., 2015. Pseudokresťanskí Moravania, nitrianski neofyti a najkresťanskejší Frankovia. Konštantínove listy, 8(8), pp. 14-24.
74:
2370:
Angi, János (1997). "A nyugati szláv államok ". In Pósán, László; Papp, Imre; Bárány, Attila; Orosz, István; Angi, János (eds.).
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around 895, bestowed upon the heir to the supreme head of the Hungarian tribal federation, in accordance with the customs of the
1331:
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425:
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1089:
822:
81:
59:
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2252:(selected sources translated and annotated with an introduction by I. S. Robinson) (2008); Manchester University Press;
1449:
1321:
1258:
1243:
1007:
948:
2511:
Bowlus, Charles R. (2009). "Nitra: when did it become a part of the Moravian realm? Evidence in the Frankish sources".
88:
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among the scholars who challenged that identification. The Hungarian historian Imre Boba says, the Humanist historian
807:
868:
The Duchy or Ducatus is the denomination for territories occasionally governed separately by members (dukes) of the
2308:(Translated and annotated by Paul W. Knoll and Frank Schaer with a preface by Thomas N. Bisson) (2003). CEU Press.
530:, while others say that it was under the influence of the neighbouring West Slavs from Moravia from its inception.
826:
811:
598:
paid tribute to the Avars. The khaganate experienced a series of internal conflicts in the 630s. According to the
70:
48:
1361:
1276:
1182:
2207:
Mikulás Teich, Dusan Kovac and Martin D. Brown: Slovakia in History, Cambridge University Press, 2011, p. 27-28
2196:
Mikulás Teich, Dusan Kovac and Martin D. Brown: Slovakia in History, Cambridge University Press, 2011, p. 26-28
771:
558:
around that time. The new culture, with its "spartan and egalitarian" nature, sharply differed from the earlier
1341:
925:
991:
952:
943:
had to flee from the Kingdom of Hungary, because their cousin, Solomon (who had already been crowned in 1057)
2185:
Mikulás Teich, Dusan Kovac and Martin D. Brown: Slovakia in History, Cambridge University Press, 2011, p. 26
616:
The Avar Khaganate collapsed around 803 as a result of several successful military campaigns launched by the
2709:(1). Bratislava, SLO: Slovak Academy of Sciences, Department of Social & Biological Communication: 15–23
1115:
1102:
679:
527:
213:
2280:(Edited and translated by László Veszprémy and Frank Schaer with a study by Jenő Szűcs) (1999). CEU Press.
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to heavy cavalry equipment", and the development of a local elite in the regions to the north of the river
2974:
2208:
2197:
2186:
1311:
936:
559:
190:
A map presenting the theory of the co-existence of two principalities (Moravia and Nitra) before the 830s
909:
634:
600:
2807:
Urbańczyk, Przemysław (2005). "Early State Formation in East Central Europe". In Curta, Florin (ed.).
2410:
Bartl, Július; Čičaj, Viliam; Kohútova, Mária; Letz, Róbert; Segeš, Vladimír; Škvarna, Dušan (2002).
932:
905:
874:
662:
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1151:
1016:
901:
497:
95:
2735:
2661:
869:
2322:
Chronica de Gestis Hungarorum (Edited by Dezső Dercsényi) (1970). Corvina, Taplinger Publishing.
1128:
968:
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750:
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in Pannonia. The manuscripts state that "one Pribina", who had been "driven across the Danube by
617:
503:
157:
2352:
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1212:
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Das Weissbuch der Salzburger Kirche über die erfolgreiche Mission in Karantanien und Pannonien
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2253:
2235:
1482:
1371:
1291:
1225:
691:
672:
The main source of information about the polity now known as the Principality of Nitra is the
2836:
The Entry of the Slavs into Christendom: An Introduction to the Medieval History of the Slavs
2747:
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2739:
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1074:
921:
897:
882:
699:
687:
591:
587:
563:
551:
539:
405:
268:
250:
979:, and taking advantage of his absence, King Coloman occupied the territories of the Duchy.
2691:
1439:
1263:
1187:
729:
626:
583:
488:
146:
2809:
2765:
Szőke, Béla Miklós (1994). "Pribina". In Kristó, Gyula; Engel, Pál; Makk, Ferenc (eds.).
972:
315:
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1169:
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2524:
1477:
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719:
666:
555:
418:
358:
206:
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518:
polity encompassing a group of settlements that developed in the 9th century around
2450:
Central Europe in the High Middle Ages: Bohemia, Hungary and Poland, c. 900-c. 1300
1197:
1192:
861:
695:
278:
2294:(Translated and annotated by Timothy Reuter) (1992). Manchester University Press.
2578:[From the historical slovak hydronymy and ojconymy - Nitrava or Nitra?]
2266:(With an English Translation by H. B. Dewing) (2006). Harvard University Press.
1156:
1044:
857:
796:
571:
330:
264:
37:
2376:(in Hungarian). Multiplex Media – Debrecen University Press. pp. 358–365.
987:
767:
604:, the "Slavs who are known as Wends" rebelled against the Avars and elected a
515:
17:
2695:
2624:
Historical Dictionary of Slovakia (Historical Dictionaries of Europe, No. 47)
2469:
The Making of Christian Moravia (858-882): Papal Power and Political Reality
976:
567:
2938:
Franks, Moravians, and Magyars: the struggle for the Middle Danube, 788–907
2557:
Struggle for Empire: Kingship and Conflict under Louis the German, 817–876
1416:
1049:
1027:
916:
683:
576:
547:
523:
471:
2788:
Vznik Velké Moravy. Moravané, Čechové a štřední Evropa v letech 791–871
912:
which clearly states that this was the "first division of the kingdom".
2414:. Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, Slovenské Pedegogické Nakladatel'stvo.
1501:
1499:
1497:
957:
877:
writes that the Ducatus or "Duchy" developed from the command over the
758:
707:
650:
475:
302:
2919:
Moravia's History Reconsidered: A Reinterpretation of Medieval Sources
2660:
Lukačka, Ján (2011). "The beginnings of the nobility in Slovakia". In
888:
According to his opinion, this command was initially, even before the
2576:"Z historickej slovenskej hydronymie a ojkonymie – Nitrava či Nitra?"
2393:
The Early Slavs: Culture and Society in Early Medieval Eastern Europe
878:
630:
605:
1813:
1811:
1809:
738:
2448:
Berend, Nora; Urbańczyk, Przemysław; Wiszewski, Przemysław (2013).
2857:[Distribution of the suffix -ava in the Slovak hydronymy]
1067:
856:
654:
644:
543:
519:
240:
678:, a document compiled around 870 to promote the interests of the
2349:
Eastern Europe: An Introduction to the People, Lands and Culture
924:, but later King Andrew I fathered a son, Solomon. The birth of
754:
734:
609:
714:
Scholarly debates: the status and location of Pribina's Nitrava
2431:
Great Moravia: The Archaeology of Ninth-Century Czechoslovakia
790:
31:
2643:Živé kroniky slovenských dejín skryté v názvoch obcí a miest
550:, who were there until the middle of the 6th century. A new
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1782:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1736:
1734:
1697:
1695:
1693:
881:
and other ethnic groups which joined the federation of the
2811:
East Central & Eastern Europe in the Early Middle Ages
2228:
Anonymus, Notary of King Béla: The Deeds of the Hungarians
1581:
1579:
1566:
1564:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1526:
904:
granted one-third of his kingdom to his younger brother,
562:
of Central Europe. According to Barford, a report by the
2292:
The Annals of Fulda (Ninth-Century Histories, Volume II)
2074:
2019:
2017:
1920:
1918:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1632:
1630:
720:
Further theories about the location of the Great Moravia
2721:
Püspöki Nagy, Péter (1978). "Nagymorávia fekvéséről ".
2645:(in Slovak). Bratislava: Literárne informačné centrum.
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1549:
1547:
2429:
Beeby, Susan; Buckton, David; Klanica, Zdeněk (1982).
1909:
1505:
990:. However, King Coloman sought the assistance of Duke
2980:
States and territories established in the 9th century
2519:(3). Oxford (UK): Blackwell Publishing Ltd: 311–328.
2097:
2095:
986:. Upon the duke's request, the Emperor laid siege to
724:
According to a widely accepted interpretation of the
2264:
Procopius: History of the Wars (Books VI.16–VII.35.)
2488:"In Defence of Emperor Constantine Porphyrogenitus"
1817:
665:, the fortress may have been named after the river
538:Modern-day Slovakia was dominated for centuries by
467:
355:
340:
326:
309:
296:
284:
274:
256:
246:
236:
195:
136:
62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2985:States and territories disestablished in the 1100s
2729:(11). Tudományos Ismeretterjesztő Társulat: 60–82.
2600:
2533:
2855:"Distribúcia sufixu -ava v slovenskej hydronýmii"
2734:Steinhübel, Ján (2011). "The Duchy of Nitra". In
2498:. Institut für Slawistik der Universität Salzburg
627:mounted combat tactics typical of nomadic warfare
2603:A History of Slovakia: The Struggle for Survival
2536:Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250
2250:Eleventh-century Germany: The Swabian Chronicles
967:The Ducatus was revived in 1095–1096, when King
753:wrongly identified Nitrava (granted along with
2771:(in Hungarian). Akadémiai Kiadó. p. 559.
2767:Korai magyar történeti lexikon (9–14. század)
2815:. The University of Michigan Press. pp.
1457:
502:'Duchy of Nitra, Nitravia, Nitrava';
8:
2865:(in Slovak) (2). Donetsk National University
2586:(in Slovak) (2). Donetsk National University
675:Conversion of the Bavarians and Carantanians
947:followed by the troops his brother-in-law,
825:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
493:Nitrianske kniežatstvo, Nitriansko, Nitrava
2792:(in Czech). Nakladatelství lidové noviny.
2278:Simon of Kéza: The Deeds of the Hungarians
1948:
1868:
1829:
1773:
1740:
1684:
1597:
1570:
1538:
1464:
1450:
1001:
890:Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin
698:around 833. Radbod introduced him to King
184:
133:
2738:; Kováč, Dušan; Brown, Martin D. (eds.).
2664:; Kováč, Dušan; Brown, Martin D. (eds.).
2113:
1788:
1701:
1585:
845:Learn how and when to remove this message
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
2412:Slovak History: Chronology & Lexicon
2746:. Cambridge University Press. pp.
2672:. Cambridge University Press. pp.
2173:
2149:
2125:
2047:
2035:
2023:
2008:
1996:
1984:
1972:
1897:
1752:
1672:
1636:
1621:
1609:
1555:
1517:
1493:
1015:
1004:
951:provided him. Shortly afterwards, King
2881:Conversio Bagoariorum et Carantanorum:
2433:. The Trustees of the British Museum.
2161:
2137:
2075:Berend, Urbańczyk & Wiszewski 2013
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1960:
1924:
3000:9th-century establishments in Hungary
2306:The Deeds of the Princes of the Poles
1936:
1880:
1844:
1800:
1725:
1713:
1660:
354:
339:
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7:
2940:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
2320:The Hungarian Illuminated Chronicle:
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971:made an agreement with his brother,
823:adding citations to reliable sources
60:adding citations to reliable sources
2887:(in German). Böhlau Quellenbücher.
787:Duchy of Nitra (Kingdom of Hungary)
686:, duke of the Moravians", fled to
570:is the first certain reference to
25:
2622:Kirschbaum, Stanislav J. (2007).
2599:Kirschbaum, Stanislav J. (1996).
2343:Alexander, June Granatir (2005).
1818:Beeby, Buckton & Klanica 1982
931:When Béla died in 1063, his sons
873:the medieval Kingdom of Hungary.
3010:1108 disestablishments in Europe
2525:10.1111/j.1468-0254.2009.00279.x
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1026:
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2838:. Cambridge University Press.
2540:. Cambridge University Press.
2452:. Cambridge University Press.
2246:Herman of Reichenau: Chronicle
1649:Procopius: History of the Wars
1382:Post-revolution Czechoslovakia
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1651:(7.35.19.), pp. 461–463.
1392:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia
1254:Military District of Preßburg
1249:1848–49 Slovak Uprising
364:
357:• Incorporated into the
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174:
167:
2995:Medieval history of Slovakia
2559:. Cornell University Press.
2395:. Cornell University Press.
2347:. In Frucht, Richard (ed.).
1322:Slovakia during World War II
1259:Military District of Kaschau
1244:Hungarian Revolution of 1848
1213:Principality of Imre Thököly
1208:Principality of Transylvania
949:Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor
2936:Bowlus, Charles R. (1995).
2372:Európa a korai középkorban
1239:Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary
984:Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor
3026:
2641:Krajčovič, Rudolf (2005).
2555:Goldberg, Eric J. (2006).
908:around 1048. He cites the
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637:in the early 9th century.
623:Blatnica-Mikulčice horizon
2696:"Ethnogenesis of Slovaks"
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2467:Betti, Maddalena (2013).
2232:Anonymus and Master Roger
1362:Slovak Socialist Republic
1352:Slovaks in Czechoslovakia
1302:Slovaks in Czechoslovakia
1264:Austro-Hungarian Monarchy
1183:Eastern Hungarian Kingdom
1175:(16th–17th century)
625:" show "a shift from the
377:
373:
336:
322:
292:
183:
166:
27:Former West Slavic polity
2878:Wolfram, Herwig (1979).
2853:Závodný, Andrej (2008).
1612:, pp. 38–39, 63–64.
1342:Slovak National Uprising
2786:Třeštík, Dušan (2010).
2626:. The Scarecrow Press.
2492:Die Slawischen Sprachen
2391:Barford, P. M. (2001).
1883:, pp. 49, 142–143.
1116:Principality of Hungary
1103:Principality of Hungary
713:
680:Archdiocese of Salzburg
586:, who arrived from the
560:archaeological cultures
528:Principality of Moravia
214:Principality of Hungary
71:"Principality of Nitra"
2990:9th century in Hungary
2834:Vlasto, A. P. (1970).
2607:. Palgrave Macmillan.
2574:Hladký, Juraj (2008).
2532:Curta, Florin (2006).
1312:Slovak Soviet Republic
1068:Medieval Slavic states
992:Boleslaw III of Poland
865:
657:
507:
492:
142:Nitrianske kniežatstvo
2513:Early Medieval Europe
2351:. ABC Clio. pp.
1624:, pp. 44, 63–64.
1409:Contemporary Slovakia
1080:Principality of Nitra
953:Bolesław II of Poland
910:Illuminated Chronicle
860:
648:
635:Great Hungarian Plain
601:Chronicle of Fredegar
510:), also known as the
485:Principality of Nitra
247:Common languages
138:Principality of Nitra
2921:. Martinus Nijhoff.
819:improve this section
780:Theotmar of Salzburg
692:Margrave of Pannonia
649:Modern sculpture of
508:Nyitrai Fejedelemség
153:Nyitrai Fejedelemség
56:improve this article
3005:820s establishments
2917:Boba, Imre (1971).
2742:Slovakia in History
2668:Slovakia in History
2486:Boba, Imre (1993).
1975:, pp. 113–114.
1440:Slovakia portal
1157:Domain of Amade Aba
1152:Domain of Máté Csák
1134:(1000 – 1526)
708:Adalram of Salzburg
342:• Established
261:Slavic Christianity
217:(906/907–1000/1001)
1421:1993–present
1129:Kingdom of Hungary
1108:(895 – 1000)
969:Coloman of Hungary
866:
751:Johannes Aventinus
658:
433:Kingdom of Hungary
265:Latin Christianity
228:Kingdom of Hungary
199:Independent state
2947:978-0-8122-3276-9
2894:978-3-205-08361-0
2845:978-0-521-10758-7
2826:978-0-472-11498-6
2799:978-80-7422-049-4
2757:978-0-521-80253-6
2683:978-0-521-80253-6
2633:978-0-8108-5535-9
2566:978-0-8014-7529-0
2547:978-0-521-89452-4
2478:978-9-004-26008-5
2459:978-0-521-78156-5
2336:Secondary sources
2258:978-0-7190-7734-0
2240:978-963-9776-95-1
2140:, pp. 76–79.
2128:, pp. 49–51.
2077:, pp. 56–57.
1987:, pp. 30–31.
1951:, pp. 25–26.
1910:Bartl et al. 2002
1675:, pp. 56–57.
1600:, pp. 16–18.
1506:Bartl et al. 2002
1483:Tercia pars regni
1474:
1473:
1425:
1424:
1400:
1399:
1372:Velvet Revolution
1292:Treaty of Trianon
1284:
1282:(1918–1993)
1233:
1231:(1526–1918)
1226:Habsburg monarchy
1177:
1136:
1110:
855:
854:
847:
522:, in present-day
501:
481:
480:
463:
462:
459:
458:
447:Kingdom of Poland
411:
410:
311:• 1095-1108
232:
225:
221:Kingdom of Poland
218:
211:
202:
161:
150:
132:
131:
124:
106:
16:(Redirected from
3017:
2951:
2932:
2898:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2863:Logos Onomastiky
2860:
2849:
2830:
2814:
2803:
2782:
2761:
2745:
2730:
2717:
2715:
2714:
2700:
2692:Marsina, Richard
2687:
2671:
2656:
2637:
2618:
2606:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2584:Logos Onomastiky
2581:
2570:
2551:
2539:
2528:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2482:
2463:
2444:
2425:
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2078:
2072:
2066:
2060:
2051:
2045:
2039:
2033:
2027:
2021:
2012:
2006:
2000:
1994:
1988:
1982:
1976:
1970:
1964:
1958:
1952:
1946:
1940:
1934:
1928:
1922:
1913:
1907:
1901:
1895:
1884:
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1872:
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1854:
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1536:
1521:
1515:
1509:
1503:
1466:
1459:
1452:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1413:
1412:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1280:
1232:
1229:
1176:
1173:
1147:Late Middle Ages
1142:High Middle Ages
1135:
1132:
1109:
1106:
1030:
1020:
1002:
922:heir presumptive
898:Eurasian steppes
883:Hungarian tribes
850:
843:
839:
836:
830:
799:
791:
700:Louis the German
694:(c. 833–856) in
592:Carpathian Basin
588:Eurasian steppes
552:material culture
542:, including the
540:Germanic peoples
496:
455:
454:
441:
440:
427:
426:
415:
414:
402:
401:
395:
394:
379:
378:
369:
366:
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230:
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188:
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176:
172:
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155:
144:
134:
127:
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116:
113:
107:
105:
64:
40:
32:
21:
3025:
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3020:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3014:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2948:
2935:
2929:
2916:
2906:
2904:Further reading
2901:
2895:
2877:
2868:
2866:
2858:
2852:
2846:
2833:
2827:
2806:
2800:
2785:
2779:
2764:
2758:
2733:
2720:
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2710:
2698:
2690:
2684:
2659:
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2615:
2598:
2589:
2587:
2579:
2573:
2567:
2554:
2548:
2531:
2510:
2501:
2499:
2485:
2479:
2466:
2460:
2447:
2441:
2428:
2422:
2409:
2403:
2390:
2384:
2369:
2363:
2342:
2338:
2333:
2223:
2221:Primary sources
2218:
2213:
2206:
2202:
2195:
2191:
2184:
2180:
2172:
2168:
2160:
2156:
2148:
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2112:
2108:
2100:
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2085:
2081:
2073:
2069:
2061:
2054:
2046:
2042:
2034:
2030:
2022:
2015:
2007:
2003:
1995:
1991:
1983:
1979:
1971:
1967:
1959:
1955:
1949:Kirschbaum 1996
1947:
1943:
1935:
1931:
1923:
1916:
1908:
1904:
1896:
1887:
1879:
1875:
1869:Kirschbaum 1996
1867:
1863:
1855:
1851:
1843:
1836:
1830:Steinhübel 2011
1828:
1824:
1816:
1807:
1799:
1795:
1787:
1780:
1774:Steinhübel 2011
1772:
1759:
1751:
1747:
1741:Kirschbaum 1996
1739:
1732:
1724:
1720:
1712:
1708:
1700:
1691:
1685:Kirschbaum 1996
1683:
1679:
1671:
1667:
1659:
1655:
1647:
1643:
1635:
1628:
1620:
1616:
1608:
1604:
1598:Steinhübel 2011
1596:
1592:
1584:
1577:
1571:Steinhübel 2011
1569:
1562:
1554:
1545:
1539:Kirschbaum 1996
1537:
1524:
1516:
1512:
1504:
1495:
1491:
1470:
1434:
1432:
1427:
1426:
1417:Slovak Republic
1410:
1402:
1401:
1386:1989–1992
1366:1969–1990
1356:1948–1989
1336:1939–1945
1332:Slovak Republic
1326:1939–1945
1306:1918–1938
1285:
1281:
1279:
1269:
1268:
1234:
1230:
1228:
1218:
1217:
1188:Ottoman Hungary
1178:
1174:
1172:
1162:
1161:
1137:
1133:
1131:
1121:
1120:
1111:
1107:
1105:
1095:
1094:
1070:
1060:
1059:
1040:
1018:
1011:
1000:
851:
840:
834:
831:
816:
800:
789:
763:"locus Nitrava"
730:Richard Marsina
722:
716:
643:
579:" in the 540s.
536:
474:
452:
438:
424:
399:
367:
361:
349:
343:
312:
299:
298:• 825–833
269:Slavic paganism
267:
263:
226:
219:
212:
205:
203:
191:
177:
170:
162:
151:
139:
128:
117:
111:
108:
65:
63:
53:
41:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3023:
3021:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2967:
2966:
2962:
2961:
2958:
2955:
2952:
2946:
2933:
2927:
2914:
2911:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2899:
2893:
2875:
2850:
2844:
2831:
2825:
2804:
2798:
2783:
2777:
2762:
2756:
2736:Teich, Mikuláš
2731:
2718:
2688:
2682:
2662:Teich, Mikuláš
2657:
2651:
2638:
2632:
2619:
2613:
2596:
2571:
2565:
2552:
2546:
2529:
2508:
2483:
2477:
2464:
2458:
2445:
2439:
2426:
2420:
2407:
2401:
2388:
2382:
2367:
2361:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2331:
2317:
2303:
2289:
2275:
2261:
2243:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2200:
2189:
2178:
2176:, p. 116.
2166:
2164:, p. 194.
2154:
2152:, p. 123.
2142:
2130:
2118:
2114:Krajčovič 2005
2106:
2091:
2089:, p. 134.
2079:
2067:
2052:
2050:, p. 218.
2040:
2028:
2013:
2001:
1999:, p. 298.
1989:
1977:
1965:
1963:, p. 327.
1953:
1941:
1939:, p. 133.
1929:
1927:, p. 318.
1914:
1902:
1885:
1873:
1871:, p. 319.
1861:
1859:, p. 360.
1849:
1847:, p. 559.
1834:
1822:
1805:
1803:, p. 130.
1793:
1791:, p. 145.
1789:Urbańczyk 2005
1778:
1757:
1745:
1730:
1718:
1706:
1704:, p. 144.
1702:Urbańczyk 2005
1689:
1677:
1665:
1653:
1641:
1626:
1614:
1602:
1590:
1588:, p. 288.
1586:Alexander 2005
1575:
1560:
1543:
1522:
1510:
1508:, p. 279.
1492:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1485:
1480:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1468:
1461:
1454:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1429:
1428:
1423:
1422:
1419:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1397:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1294:
1286:
1277:Czechoslovakia
1275:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1235:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1179:
1170:Ottoman Empire
1168:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1138:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1112:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1090:Lower Pannonia
1087:
1082:
1077:
1071:
1066:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1055:Avar Khaganate
1052:
1047:
1041:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1023:
1022:
1013:
1012:
1005:
999:
996:
894:Turkic peoples
875:György Györffy
853:
852:
803:
801:
794:
788:
785:
715:
712:
642:
639:
596:Avar Khaganate
590:, invaded the
535:
532:
512:Duchy of Nitra
479:
478:
469:
465:
464:
461:
460:
457:
456:
449:
443:
442:
435:
429:
428:
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412:
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385:
375:
374:
371:
370:
362:
356:
353:
352:
344:
341:
338:
337:
334:
333:
328:
327:Historical era
324:
323:
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289:
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181:
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163:
140:
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130:
129:
112:September 2018
44:
42:
35:
26:
24:
18:Duchy of Nitra
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3022:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2975:Great Moravia
2973:
2972:
2970:
2959:
2956:
2953:
2949:
2943:
2939:
2934:
2930:
2928:90-247-5041-5
2924:
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2909:
2908:
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2828:
2822:
2818:
2813:
2812:
2805:
2801:
2795:
2791:
2789:
2784:
2780:
2778:963-05-6722-9
2774:
2770:
2768:
2763:
2759:
2753:
2749:
2744:
2743:
2737:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2719:
2708:
2704:
2703:Human Affairs
2697:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2679:
2675:
2670:
2669:
2663:
2658:
2654:
2652:80-88878-99-3
2648:
2644:
2639:
2635:
2629:
2625:
2620:
2616:
2614:1-4039-6929-9
2610:
2605:
2604:
2597:
2585:
2577:
2572:
2568:
2562:
2558:
2553:
2549:
2543:
2538:
2537:
2530:
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2522:
2518:
2514:
2509:
2497:
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2489:
2484:
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2474:
2470:
2465:
2461:
2455:
2451:
2446:
2442:
2440:0-7141-0520-1
2436:
2432:
2427:
2423:
2421:0-86516-444-4
2417:
2413:
2408:
2404:
2402:0-8014-3977-9
2398:
2394:
2389:
2385:
2383:963-04-9196-6
2379:
2375:
2373:
2368:
2364:
2362:1-57607-800-0
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2341:
2340:
2335:
2329:
2328:0-8008-4015-1
2325:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2314:963-9241-40-7
2311:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2300:0-7190-3458-2
2297:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2286:963-9116-31-9
2283:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2272:0-674-99191-5
2269:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2237:
2234:; CEU Press;
2233:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2209:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2170:
2167:
2163:
2158:
2155:
2151:
2146:
2143:
2139:
2134:
2131:
2127:
2122:
2119:
2116:, p. 20.
2115:
2110:
2107:
2104:, p. 26.
2103:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2083:
2080:
2076:
2071:
2068:
2065:, p. 24.
2064:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2044:
2041:
2038:, p. 31.
2037:
2032:
2029:
2026:, p. 19.
2025:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2011:, p. 18.
2010:
2005:
2002:
1998:
1993:
1990:
1986:
1981:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1966:
1962:
1957:
1954:
1950:
1945:
1942:
1938:
1933:
1930:
1926:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1912:, p. 19.
1911:
1906:
1903:
1900:, p. 50.
1899:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1877:
1874:
1870:
1865:
1862:
1858:
1853:
1850:
1846:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1832:, p. 17.
1831:
1826:
1823:
1820:, p. 18.
1819:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1797:
1794:
1790:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1776:, p. 16.
1775:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1755:, p. 79.
1754:
1749:
1746:
1743:, p. 19.
1742:
1737:
1735:
1731:
1728:, p. 77.
1727:
1722:
1719:
1716:, p. 76.
1715:
1710:
1707:
1703:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1690:
1687:, p. 18.
1686:
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1678:
1674:
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1666:
1663:, p. 55.
1662:
1657:
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1638:
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1599:
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1573:, p. 15.
1572:
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1557:
1552:
1550:
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1540:
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1519:
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1478:Great Moravia
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1075:Samo's Empire
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1050:Lombard state
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1038:Early history
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870:Árpád dynasty
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804:This section
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772:Dušan Třeštík
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468:Today part of
466:
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204:Vassal of the
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67:Find sources:
61:
57:
51:
50:
45:This article
43:
39:
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30:
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2937:
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2882:
2879:
2867:. Retrieved
2862:
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2726:
2722:
2711:. Retrieved
2706:
2702:
2667:
2642:
2623:
2602:
2588:. Retrieved
2583:
2556:
2535:
2516:
2512:
2500:. Retrieved
2495:
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2411:
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2192:
2181:
2174:Třeštík 2010
2169:
2157:
2150:Třeštík 2010
2145:
2133:
2126:Závodný 2008
2121:
2109:
2082:
2070:
2048:Barford 2001
2043:
2036:Lukačka 2011
2031:
2024:Marsina 1997
2009:Marsina 1997
2004:
1997:Barford 2001
1992:
1985:Lukačka 2011
1980:
1973:Třeštík 2010
1968:
1956:
1944:
1932:
1905:
1898:Wolfram 1979
1876:
1864:
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1753:Barford 2001
1748:
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1673:Barford 2001
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1637:Barford 2001
1622:Barford 2001
1617:
1610:Barford 2001
1605:
1593:
1556:Lukačka 2011
1518:Marsina 1997
1513:
1198:Budin Eyalet
1193:Uyvar Eyalet
1079:
981:
973:Prince Álmos
966:
962:
930:
914:
887:
867:
862:Nitra Castle
841:
832:
817:Please help
805:
762:
747:
743:
725:
723:
703:
696:East Francia
673:
671:
659:
615:
599:
582:The nomadic
581:
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511:
484:
482:
388:Succeeded by
387:
382:
279:Principality
152:
141:
118:
109:
99:
92:
85:
78:
66:
54:Please help
49:verification
46:
29:
2162:Bowlus 2009
2138:Hladký 2008
2063:Vlasto 1970
1961:Bowlus 2009
1925:Bowlus 2009
1203:Eğri Eyalet
1017:History of
864:- main gate
776:Nitra River
516:West Slavic
383:Preceded by
331:Middle Ages
231:(1030–1108)
224:(1001–1030)
2969:Categories
2713:2013-08-31
2345:"Slovakia"
1937:Curta 2006
1881:Betti 2013
1845:Szőke 1994
1801:Curta 2006
1726:Curta 2006
1714:Curta 2006
1661:Curta 2006
1489:References
988:Bratislava
726:Conversion
718:See also:
704:Conversion
663:Steinhübel
572:Early Slav
566:historian
548:Longobards
534:Background
368: 870
350: 825
275:Government
251:Old Slavic
178: 870
171: 825
82:newspapers
2102:Boba 1993
2087:Boba 1993
1857:Angi 1997
1045:Roman era
977:Holy Land
937:Ladislaus
835:June 2019
806:does not
768:onomastic
568:Procopius
564:Byzantine
504:Hungarian
257:Religion
201:(825-833)
2694:(1997).
1019:Slovakia
1008:a series
1006:Part of
998:See also
945:returned
917:appanage
902:Andrew I
633:and the
606:Frankish
577:Sclaveni
546:and the
524:Slovakia
514:, was a
472:Slovakia
2869:13 July
2723:Valóság
2590:13 July
2353:283–328
2216:Sources
941:Lampert
926:Solomon
896:of the
827:removed
812:sources
759:Olomouc
651:Pribina
641:Sources
500:
476:Hungary
305:(first)
303:Pribina
237:Capital
96:scholar
2944:
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2819:–151.
2796:
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2502:20 May
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2248:. In:
2238:
1010:on the
879:Kabars
688:Radbod
684:Mojmir
631:Danube
618:Franks
489:Slovak
318:(last)
288:
285:Prince
196:Status
158:Magyar
147:Slovak
98:
91:
84:
77:
69:
2859:(PDF)
2750:–29.
2699:(PDF)
2676:–37.
2580:(PDF)
667:Nitra
655:Nitra
584:Avars
544:Quadi
520:Nitra
316:Álmos
241:Nitra
103:JSTOR
89:books
2942:ISBN
2923:ISBN
2889:ISBN
2871:2015
2840:ISBN
2821:ISBN
2794:ISBN
2773:ISBN
2752:ISBN
2678:ISBN
2647:ISBN
2628:ISBN
2609:ISBN
2592:2015
2561:ISBN
2542:ISBN
2504:2015
2473:ISBN
2454:ISBN
2435:ISBN
2416:ISBN
2397:ISBN
2378:ISBN
2357:ISBN
2324:ISBN
2310:ISBN
2296:ISBN
2282:ISBN
2268:ISBN
2254:ISBN
2236:ISBN
1396:1993
1376:1989
1346:1944
1316:1919
1296:1920
958:Győr
939:and
933:Géza
906:Béla
810:any
808:cite
757:and
755:Brno
735:Hron
610:Samo
498:lit.
483:The
75:news
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2727:XXI
2521:doi
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