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Duffin–Schaeffer theorem

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Beresnevich, Victor; Velani, Sanju (2006). "A mass transference principle and the Duffin-Schaeffer conjecture for Hausdorff measures".
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is the crux of the conjecture. There have been many partial results of the Duffin–Schaeffer conjecture established to date.
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to the original Duffin–Schaeffer conjecture, which is a priori weaker. This result was published in the
735:{\displaystyle \sum _{n=1}^{\infty }\left({\frac {f(n)}{n}}\right)^{1+\varepsilon }\varphi (n)=\infty .} 615: 1243: 753: 424: 416: 791:
Duffin, R. J.; Schaeffer, A. C. (1941). "Khintchine's problem in metric diophantine approximation".
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A higher-dimensional analogue of this conjecture was resolved by Vaughan and Pollington in 1990.
366: 55: 612:. More recently, this was strengthened to the conjecture being true whenever there exists some 1195: 1157: 1110: 967: 908: 749: 483: 123: 1205: 1167: 1126: 1102: 983: 959: 918: 857: 816: 808: 800: 526: 434: 412: 252: 221: 141: 869: 835: 17: 1209: 1183: 1171: 1153: 1130: 987: 922: 820: 812: 408: 226: 463: 275: 47: 1237: 979: 877: 428: 1122: 1187: 941: 901:
Ten lectures on the interface between analytic number theory and harmonic analysis
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Surveys in number theory: Papers from the millennial conference on number theory
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established in 1970 that the conjecture holds if there exists a constant
210:{\displaystyle \left|\alpha -{\frac {p}{q}}\right|<{\frac {f(q)}{q}}} 458: 35: 1097: 852: 1182:(2002). "One hundred years of normal numbers". In Bennett, M. A.; 1069: 558:. This was strengthened by Jeffrey Vaaler in 1978 to the case 1224:
Quanta magazine article about Duffin-Schaeffer conjecture.
102:{\displaystyle f:\mathbb {N} \rightarrow \mathbb {R} ^{+}} 1229:
Numberphile interview with James Maynard about the proof.
1190:; Diamond, H.G.; Hildebrand, A.J.; Philipp, W. (eds.). 34:, also known as the Duffin-Schaeffer conjecture, is a 1066:
The Duffin-Schaeffer Conjecture with extra divergence
647: 618: 564: 529: 486: 466: 437: 369: 286: 255: 229: 156: 126: 72: 734: 630: 604: 550: 515: 472: 449: 384: 352: 267: 241: 209: 132: 101: 834:Koukoulopoulos, Dimitris; Maynard, James (2020). 745:This was done by Haynes, Pollington, and Velani. 1036:Ohio State University Department of Mathematics 752:analogue of the Duffin–Schaeffer conjecture is 748:In 2006, Beresnevich and Velani proved that a 8: 1194:. Natick, MA: A K Peters. pp. 57–74. 1096: 1064:A. Haynes, A. Pollington, and S. Velani, 851: 699: 674: 663: 652: 646: 617: 590: 563: 528: 505: 485: 465: 436: 368: 320: 302: 291: 285: 254: 228: 186: 168: 155: 125: 93: 89: 88: 80: 79: 71: 946:dimensional Duffin–Schaeffer conjecture" 891: 889: 887: 783: 7: 836:"On the Duffin-Schaeffer conjecture" 117:taking on positive values, then for 726: 664: 344: 303: 25: 1249:Conjectures that have been proved 631:{\displaystyle \varepsilon >0} 220:has infinitely many solutions in 1070:https://arxiv.org/abs/0811.1234 720: 714: 686: 680: 605:{\displaystyle f(n)=O(n^{-1})} 599: 583: 574: 568: 539: 533: 496: 490: 379: 373: 332: 326: 317: 311: 198: 192: 84: 32:Koukoulopoulos–Maynard theorem 1: 1029:"Duffin-Schaeffer Conjecture" 905:American Mathematical Society 805:10.1215/S0012-7094-41-00818-9 46:proposed as a conjecture by 1107:10.4007/annals.2006.164.971 870:10.4007/annals.2020.192.1.5 862:10.4007/annals.2020.192.1.5 385:{\displaystyle \varphi (q)} 18:Duffin–Schaeffer conjecture 1270: 1254:Diophantine approximation 964:10.1112/s0025579300012900 44:Diophantine approximation 1055:Harman (1998) p. 28 1018:Harman (1998) p. 27 1009:Harman (2002) p. 68 1000:Harman (2002) p. 69 516:{\displaystyle f(n)=c/n} 394:Euler's totient function 411:approximations implies 133:{\displaystyle \alpha } 60:Dimitris Koukoulopoulos 736: 668: 632: 606: 552: 551:{\displaystyle f(n)=0} 517: 474: 451: 450:{\displaystyle c>0} 407:That existence of the 386: 354: 307: 269: 268:{\displaystyle q>0} 243: 211: 134: 103: 1148:Harman, Glyn (1998). 1084:Annals of Mathematics 840:Annals of Mathematics 759:Annals of Mathematics 737: 648: 638:such that the series 633: 607: 553: 518: 475: 452: 387: 355: 287: 270: 244: 212: 135: 104: 66:. It states that if 1150:Metric number theory 645: 616: 562: 527: 484: 464: 457:such that for every 435: 425:converse implication 421:Borel–Cantelli lemma 367: 284: 253: 227: 154: 124: 70: 42:, specifically, the 27:Mathematical theorem 897:Montgomery, Hugh L. 242:{\displaystyle p,q} 936:Pollington, A.D.; 772:Khinchin's theorem 732: 628: 602: 548: 513: 470: 447: 382: 350: 265: 239: 207: 130: 99: 1201:978-1-56881-162-8 1163:978-0-19-850083-4 1087:. Second Series. 1068:, arXiv, (2009), 914:978-0-8218-0737-8 750:Hausdorff measure 693: 473:{\displaystyle n} 419:follows from the 339: 205: 176: 140:(with respect to 16:(Redirected from 1261: 1213: 1175: 1135: 1134: 1100: 1078: 1072: 1062: 1056: 1053: 1047: 1046: 1044: 1043: 1033: 1025: 1019: 1016: 1010: 1007: 1001: 998: 992: 991: 933: 927: 926: 893: 882: 881: 855: 831: 825: 824: 788: 741: 739: 738: 733: 710: 709: 698: 694: 689: 675: 667: 662: 637: 635: 634: 629: 611: 609: 608: 603: 598: 597: 557: 555: 554: 549: 522: 520: 519: 514: 509: 479: 477: 476: 471: 456: 454: 453: 448: 391: 389: 388: 383: 359: 357: 356: 351: 340: 335: 321: 306: 301: 274: 272: 271: 266: 248: 246: 245: 240: 222:coprime integers 216: 214: 213: 208: 206: 201: 187: 182: 178: 177: 169: 142:Lebesgue measure 139: 137: 136: 131: 108: 106: 105: 100: 98: 97: 92: 83: 21: 1269: 1268: 1264: 1263: 1262: 1260: 1259: 1258: 1234: 1233: 1220: 1202: 1178: 1164: 1154:Clarendon Press 1147: 1144: 1139: 1138: 1080: 1079: 1075: 1063: 1059: 1054: 1050: 1041: 1039: 1031: 1027: 1026: 1022: 1017: 1013: 1008: 1004: 999: 995: 935: 934: 930: 915: 907:. p. 204. 895: 894: 885: 833: 832: 828: 790: 789: 785: 780: 768: 676: 670: 669: 643: 642: 614: 613: 586: 560: 559: 525: 524: 482: 481: 480:we have either 462: 461: 433: 432: 405: 365: 364: 322: 282: 281: 251: 250: 225: 224: 188: 161: 157: 152: 151: 122: 121: 87: 68: 67: 52:A. C. Schaeffer 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 1267: 1265: 1257: 1256: 1251: 1246: 1236: 1235: 1232: 1231: 1226: 1219: 1218:External links 1216: 1215: 1214: 1200: 1176: 1162: 1143: 1140: 1137: 1136: 1091:(3): 971–992. 1073: 1057: 1048: 1020: 1011: 1002: 993: 958:(2): 190–200. 928: 913: 883: 826: 799:(2): 243–255. 782: 781: 779: 776: 775: 774: 767: 764: 743: 742: 731: 728: 725: 722: 719: 716: 713: 708: 705: 702: 697: 692: 688: 685: 682: 679: 673: 666: 661: 658: 655: 651: 627: 624: 621: 601: 596: 593: 589: 585: 582: 579: 576: 573: 570: 567: 547: 544: 541: 538: 535: 532: 512: 508: 504: 501: 498: 495: 492: 489: 469: 446: 443: 440: 404: 401: 381: 378: 375: 372: 361: 360: 349: 346: 343: 338: 334: 331: 328: 325: 319: 316: 313: 310: 305: 300: 297: 294: 290: 276:if and only if 264: 261: 258: 238: 235: 232: 218: 217: 204: 200: 197: 194: 191: 185: 181: 175: 172: 167: 164: 160: 129: 96: 91: 86: 82: 78: 75: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1266: 1255: 1252: 1250: 1247: 1245: 1242: 1241: 1239: 1230: 1227: 1225: 1222: 1221: 1217: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1146: 1145: 1141: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1099: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1085: 1077: 1074: 1071: 1067: 1061: 1058: 1052: 1049: 1037: 1030: 1024: 1021: 1015: 1012: 1006: 1003: 997: 994: 989: 985: 981: 977: 973: 969: 965: 961: 957: 953: 952: 947: 945: 939: 938:Vaughan, R.C. 932: 929: 924: 920: 916: 910: 906: 902: 898: 892: 890: 888: 884: 879: 875: 871: 867: 863: 859: 854: 849: 845: 841: 837: 830: 827: 822: 818: 814: 810: 806: 802: 798: 794: 787: 784: 777: 773: 770: 769: 765: 763: 761: 760: 755: 751: 746: 729: 723: 717: 711: 706: 703: 700: 695: 690: 683: 677: 671: 659: 656: 653: 649: 641: 640: 639: 625: 622: 619: 594: 591: 587: 580: 577: 571: 565: 545: 542: 536: 530: 510: 506: 502: 499: 493: 487: 467: 460: 444: 441: 438: 430: 426: 422: 418: 414: 410: 402: 400: 397: 395: 376: 370: 347: 341: 336: 329: 323: 314: 308: 298: 295: 292: 288: 280: 279: 278: 277: 262: 259: 256: 236: 233: 230: 223: 202: 195: 189: 183: 179: 173: 170: 165: 162: 158: 150: 149: 148: 147: 143: 127: 120: 116: 112: 94: 76: 73: 65: 64:James Maynard 61: 57: 53: 49: 45: 41: 37: 33: 19: 1191: 1184:Berndt, B.C. 1180:Harman, Glyn 1149: 1098:math/0412141 1088: 1082: 1076: 1065: 1060: 1051: 1040:. Retrieved 1038:. 2010-08-09 1035: 1023: 1014: 1005: 996: 955: 949: 943: 931: 900: 843: 839: 829: 796: 793:Duke Math. J 792: 786: 757: 747: 744: 406: 403:Introduction 398: 362: 219: 54:in 1941 and 48:R. J. Duffin 31: 29: 1244:Conjectures 951:Mathematika 58:in 2019 by 40:mathematics 1238:Categories 1210:1062.11052 1188:Boston, N. 1172:1081.11057 1142:References 1131:1148.11033 1042:2019-09-19 988:0715.11036 923:0814.11001 853:1907.04593 846:(1): 251. 821:0025.11002 813:67.0145.03 754:equivalent 429:Paul Erdős 413:divergence 146:inequality 119:almost all 1115:0003-486X 980:122789762 972:0025-5793 878:195874052 727:∞ 712:φ 707:ε 665:∞ 650:∑ 620:ε 592:− 371:φ 345:∞ 309:φ 304:∞ 289:∑ 166:− 163:α 128:α 85:→ 1123:14475449 940:(1990). 899:(1994). 766:See also 409:rational 115:function 113:-valued 459:integer 423:. The 415:of the 144:), the 36:theorem 1208:  1198:  1170:  1160:  1129:  1121:  1113:  986:  978:  970:  921:  911:  876:  868:  819:  811:  417:series 363:where 56:proven 1119:S2CID 1093:arXiv 1032:(PDF) 976:S2CID 942:"The 874:S2CID 866:JSTOR 848:arXiv 778:Notes 249:with 109:is a 1196:ISBN 1158:ISBN 1111:ISSN 968:ISSN 909:ISBN 623:> 442:> 260:> 184:< 111:real 62:and 50:and 30:The 1206:Zbl 1168:Zbl 1127:Zbl 1103:doi 1089:164 984:Zbl 960:doi 919:Zbl 858:doi 844:192 817:Zbl 809:JFM 801:doi 523:or 396:. 392:is 38:in 1240:: 1204:. 1186:; 1166:. 1156:. 1125:. 1117:. 1109:. 1101:. 1034:. 982:. 974:. 966:. 956:37 954:. 948:. 917:. 886:^ 872:. 864:. 856:. 842:. 838:. 815:. 807:. 795:. 762:. 1212:. 1174:. 1133:. 1105:: 1095:: 1045:. 990:. 962:: 944:k 925:. 880:. 860:: 850:: 823:. 803:: 797:8 730:. 724:= 721:) 718:n 715:( 704:+ 701:1 696:) 691:n 687:) 684:n 681:( 678:f 672:( 660:1 657:= 654:n 626:0 600:) 595:1 588:n 584:( 581:O 578:= 575:) 572:n 569:( 566:f 546:0 543:= 540:) 537:n 534:( 531:f 511:n 507:/ 503:c 500:= 497:) 494:n 491:( 488:f 468:n 445:0 439:c 380:) 377:q 374:( 348:, 342:= 337:q 333:) 330:q 327:( 324:f 318:) 315:q 312:( 299:1 296:= 293:q 263:0 257:q 237:q 234:, 231:p 203:q 199:) 196:q 193:( 190:f 180:| 174:q 171:p 159:| 95:+ 90:R 81:N 77:: 74:f 20:)

Index

Duffin–Schaeffer conjecture
theorem
mathematics
Diophantine approximation
R. J. Duffin
A. C. Schaeffer
proven
Dimitris Koukoulopoulos
James Maynard
real
function
almost all
Lebesgue measure
inequality
coprime integers
if and only if
Euler's totient function
rational
divergence
series
Borel–Cantelli lemma
converse implication
Paul Erdős
integer
Hausdorff measure
equivalent
Annals of Mathematics
Khinchin's theorem
doi
10.1215/S0012-7094-41-00818-9

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