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which Zheng was aligned to, into attacking Zheng. Then, the coalition forces would be able to fight the Chu army, which would be tired out, with fresh forces. The peace deal was finalized on 11 October, 564 BC, with Zheng switching its allegiance to Jin. However, after the deal was finalized, Zheng managed to reinterpret the wording of the peace terms from complete submission to Jin to one conditional to Jin's policies. The Jin coalition, with its strategic goals unfulfilled, attacked Zheng again soon after, but then withdrew. Zheng then quickly switched its allegiance back to Chu.
22:
503:, Hua Yuan was personally stopped by Minister of the Left Yu Shi (魚石), another member of the Huan lineage, who feared that Hua Yuan might annihilate the entire Huan lineage should he return with an army and believed that he would kill only Dang Ze should he stay. Yu Shi predicted correctly, but all five ministers of the Huan lineage, including himself, fled to
573:
and Qin Jinfu fell. When the Biyang soldiers repeated this ruse, Qin Jinfu climbed the cloth again. That act was done two more times before the Biyang soldiers stopped hanging cloth down the wall. On 30 May, the coalition troops assaulted the city, which fell four days later, on 3 June. Jin first offered Biyang to Song
Minister
767:, which stipulated that the tributaries of Jin must also pay tribute to Chu and vice versa. Jisun He had asked Shusun Bao to classify Lu as a subordinate state of a greater power to exempt Lu from the terms of the covenant, but Shusun Bao refused to do so. After the armistice, war and fighting between states decreased.
434:
In winter 564 BC, Lu, represented by an army led by Jisun Su as well as Duke Xiang himself, participated in another coalition led by Jin, this time attacking Zheng, which quickly sued for peace. The leaders of Jin decided to accept the peace deal and swear a covenant with Zheng in order to lure Chu,
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held the gate up. As another ruse, the Biyang soldiers hang a long strip of cloth over the wall to lure the besieging soldiers to climb up and cut the cloth right before they scale the walls. Qin Jinfu (秦堇父), a retainer of the
Mengsun clan, climbed onto the cloth. The Biyang soldiers cut the cloth,
370:
In winter 569 BC, Duke Xiang visited the Jin court once again. Zhongsun Mie requested that the nearby state of Zeng (鄫; not to be confused with 曾) be "made subordinate to" Lu. When Duke Dao of Jin refused, Zhongsun Mie appealed to Lu's commitment to the alliance and Zeng's failure to provide troops
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with burial garments. Duke Xiang was troubled by this humiliation, but Shusun Bao advised that he could conduct a ceremony of exorcising the funeral chamber first, which would make the dressing appear like sending gifts during court visits. Duke Xiang accepted the advise and did just that; the Chu
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presented Crown Prince Wu (巫) of Zeng to Jin in order to formalize Lu's subjugation of Zeng. However, Ju conquered Zeng in 567 BC, while Lu did not intervene. The precise reason was not recorded in history, but it was recorded that Zeng "was relying on bribery for protection." Jin sent an envoy to
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and sending the five exiled ministers there. As efforts to retake
Pengcheng faltered due to continued Chu reinforcements, Hua Yuan went to Jin for help. Although a Jin army sent to Song to keep Chu power in check defeated a Chu army at the Valley of Mijiao (靡角之谷), further military campaign was
656:
Duke Dao of Zhu, after his predecessor's release and death, invaded Lu in 556 BC. As a response, Jin arrested him during a meeting in 554 BC. Jin then arbitrated that the land west of the Kuo River (漷水) belong to Lu. Hostilities did not cease, however: further conflicts occurred in 553 BC.
400:
mourned the dead by tying their hair with hemp strings, starting a tradition. Ju would fight Lu again in 561 BC, 559 BC, and 558 BC. After swearing a covenant at Duyang (督揚), Lu and Ju would not fight again during Duke Xiang's reign. However, hostilities would resume in 538 BC.
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and Ding Si (定姒), a concubine, in 575 BC, which was the sixteenth year of his father's reign. The politics of Lu had long been dominated by three cadet branches of the Lu ducal house: Jisun (季孫), Mengsun (孟孫), and Shusun (叔孫), which are collectively called the
598:
In summer 563 BC, Zheng, trying to gain favor from Chu, attacked Song, Wey, and Lu in quick succession. Jin then gathered its coalition and attacked Zheng in retaliation. A Chu force entered Zheng to rescue it, and Jin, not wanting to fight Chu, withdrew.
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In summer 559 BC, Shusun Bao led a Lu contingent to join a Jin coalition force invading Qin, which was in retaliation against a Qin invasion in 562 BC. Indecisiveness and disputes among Jin's leadership and its allies prevented any achievements, however.
642:, his successor, had the rulers of Zhu and Ju arrested for their aggression against Lu and their alignment with Qi and Chu. Regardless, both Zhu and Qi attacked Lu once again in late 557 BC. A further Qi attack in autumn 556 BC was defeated at the
783:
Duke Xiang died in a palace he built in the Chu style in 542 BC. After his death, Ziye, his son, succeeded him, but he died only three months later due to "excessive grief." Ziye was succeeded by his brother Chou (稠), who would become known as
427:
went to the Jin court to provide such explanation. In the same year, Shusun Bao visited Zhu to improve relations between Lu and Zhu, with the Zeng dispute becoming a moot point. However, Lu and Zeng had another border conflict in 565 BC.
568:). The siege on the Biyang capital began on 7 March. As a ruse, the Biyang soldiers opened the city gates to let some of the coalition troops into the city, hoping to trap some of them inside. However, a man in the coalition army named
746:
It is indeed difficult to be wise. For someone with Zang
Wuzhong’s wisdom to find no place in Lu, there should yet be a reason. What he did went against the right order, and in his dealings with others he did not show empathy.
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broke the siege. In the fall of 558 BC, Zhu and Ju attacked Lu. Duke Dao of Jin had planned to host a meeting to chastise them, but the meeting failed to materialize due to his illness and death soon later. In the next year,
709:. After Zhongsun Su's death and Zhongsun Jie's becoming of the head of the Mengsun clan, he, unfriendly with Zang Wuzhong, forced him into exile on the pretext that he was not allowing Zhongsun Su to be properly buried.
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Because our humble settlement is on the eastern rim and in close proximity to our enemies, it is to you, my lord, that our unworthy ruler must look. How should he dare not bow with his forehead touching the
442:, signifying that he became an adult. Protocol required that the ceremony be conducted at the ducal house's familial temple. As he was away from Lu, Duke Xiang used the temple dedicated to
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After Duke Xiang's death, Ziye, his son, succeeded him, but he died only three months later due to "excessive grief." Ziye was succeeded by his brother Chou (稠), who would become known as
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In summer 558 BC, Qi, which ceased to be a Jin ally due to a diplomatic dispute in the previous year, besieged the Lu city of Cheng (成). This siege would last for more than a year until
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to Jin, claiming Lu's fear of causing offense to Jin should it fail to provide. Duke Dao of Jin was convinced and granted Lu's request. Soon later, nearby states of
507:, Hua Yuan's request to stay notwithstanding. Hua Yuan then made Prince Cheng (成), a younger son of Duke Gong, the Duke of Song. Prince Cheng would become known as
723:, his elder brother born to a different mother, a turtle to petition the Lu court to make him the next head of the Zangsun clan. Zang Jia then sent the turtle to
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606:. He also proposed that each of the clans would tax resources to support each of their own armies, agreeing to swear an oath regarding this matter.
320:. This situation did not change when Duke Xiang, still a child, succeeded to the Lu throne in 572 BC after his father's death in the prior year.
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Lu remained aligned to Jin throughout Duke Xiang's reign. He would visit Jin four more times: in 569 BC, in 565 BC, in 561 BC, and in 552 BC.
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In summer 560 BC, Shi (邿), a neighboring state, fell into disorder and split into three factions. Lu took this opportunity to conquer Shi.
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In 550 BC, both the Jisun and the
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In spring 544 BC, Duke Xiang visited Chu. During this visit, the leaders of Chu demanded that Duke Xiang dress the body of the late
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Tradition/Zuozhuan: Commentary on the "Spring and Autumn Annals"
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In summer 566 BC, the Jisun clan fortified its settlement Bi (費).
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led an army to rescue Zeng, but was defeated at Hutai (狐駘). The
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Lu, demanding an explanation of Lu's failure to defend Zeng.
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The Gongyang Commentary on The Spring and Autumn Annals
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Durrant, Stephen; Li, Wai-yee; Schaberg, David (2016).
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was Ji (姬), given name Wu (午), and Duke Xiang was his
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46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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280:, 575 BC – 31 June 542 BC) was a ruler of the
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495:of the Dai (戴) lineage attempted to flee to
338:knelt and touched his forehead to the ground
911:. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
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106:Learn how and when to remove this message
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450:Intervention of Song Factional Dispute
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628:Zhongsun Su, Viscount Zhuang of Meng
622:Continued Fighting Against Neighbors
44:adding citations to reliable sources
528:Zhongsun Mie, Viscount Xian of Meng
526:In spring 572 BC, a Lu army led by
446:, which was on his way back to Lu.
929:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US.
14:
738:. Zang Wuzhong acquiesced to the
406:Shusun Bao, Viscount Mu of Shusun
653:by a coalition army led by Jin.
537:joined a coalition force led by
20:
1249:6th-century BC Chinese monarchs
853:Durrant, Li & Schaberg 2016
841:Durrant, Li & Schaberg 2016
543:Luan Yan, Viscount Huan of Luan
499:. However, by the banks of the
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31:needs additional citations for
418:Jisun Su, Viscount Wu of Jisun
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346:Xun Ying, Viscount Wu of Zhi
379:attacked Zeng. Lu official
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514:In summer 573 BC, Chu and
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752:The Covenant of Armistice
661:The Exile of Zang Wuzhong
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307:Early Life and Accession
286:Spring and Autumn period
518:attached Song, seizing
1244:Monarchs of Lu (state)
925:Miller, Harry (2015).
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311:Prince Wu was born to
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947:Cadet branch of the
779:Death and Succession
482:Master of the Horses
330:East Asian reckoning
40:improve this article
454:In autumn 576 BC,
404:In summer 568 BC,
213:Given name: Wu (午)
142:572-31 June 542 BC
55:"Duke Xiang of Lu"
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38:Please help
33:verification
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1123:Duke Zhuang
991:590-573 BC
950:House of Ji
942:House of Ji
761: [
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324:Early Reign
284:during the
282:State of Lu
240:House of Ji
147:Predecessor
118:Ruler of Lu
1238:Categories
1158:Duke Xiang
1153:Duke Cheng
890:Duke Cheng
879:Duke Xiang
875:Duke Cheng
828:References
740:status quo
617:Late Reign
604:Three Huan
318:Three Huan
66:newspapers
1223:Duke Qing
1213:Duke Ping
1208:Duke Jing
1203:Duke Kang
1198:Duke Gong
1188:Duke Yuan
1173:Duke Ding
1168:Duke Zhao
1148:Duke Xuan
1118:Duke Huan
1103:Duke Xiao
1083:Duke Zhen
1078:Duke Xian
1058:Duke Yang
1035:Dukes of
870:Zuo Zhuan
595:instead.
562:Zaozhuang
541:Minister
520:Pengcheng
393:Zuo Zhuan
225:Xiang (襄)
157:Successor
131:Ruler of
96:July 2024
1218:Duke Wen
1183:Duke Dao
1143:Duke Wen
1133:Duke Min
1113:Duke Yin
1108:Duke Hui
1068:Duke Wei
1063:Duke You
1053:Duke Kao
985:Duke of
725:Zang Wei
714:Zang Jia
678:Jisun He
575:Xiang Xu
566:Shandong
486:Hua Yuan
211:: Ji (姬)
1193:Duke Mu
1178:Duke Ai
1138:Duke Xi
1093:Duke Yi
1088:Duke Wu
1073:Duke Li
736:himself
667:Gongchu
467:Dang Ze
360:ground?
272:: 魯襄公;
270:Chinese
80:scholar
1128:Zi Ban
1048:Bo Qin
961:
958:575 BC
915:
465:died.
274:pinyin
256:Mother
246:Father
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
1163:Zi Ye
1098:Bo Yu
963:Died:
956:Born:
900:vol.
896:Shiji
792:Notes
765:]
732:]
721:]
707:]
696:]
685:]
676:with
674:]
651:]
635:]
593:]
582:]
550:]
535:]
516:Zheng
493:]
474:]
463:]
425:]
413:]
388:]
353:]
235:House
203:Names
180:Issue
139:Reign
87:JSTOR
73:books
997:Ziye
913:ISBN
478:Song
375:and
185:Ziye
171:Died
161:Ziye
59:news
539:Jin
505:Chu
497:Jin
480:'s
373:Zhu
126:魯襄公
42:by
1240::
1037:Lu
987:Lu
902:33
877:,
873:,
788:.
763:zh
730:zh
719:zh
705:zh
694:zh
683:zh
672:zh
649:zh
633:zh
591:zh
580:zh
564:,
548:zh
533:zh
511:.
491:zh
476:,
472:zh
461:zh
423:zh
411:zh
386:zh
377:Ju
351:zh
344:.
303:.
296:.
276::
133:Lu
1028:e
1021:t
1014:v
921:.
898:,
887:,
820:.
268:(
109:)
103:(
98:)
94:(
84:·
77:·
70:·
63:·
36:.
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