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experiment by Van Liere, et al. of the
Wageningen Agricultural University of the Netherlands could only increase the duration of dust bathing bouts marginally by spreading lipids, equivalent to 1–2 months' accumulation, on birds' feathers. Moreover, removal of the oil gland in chicks, which eliminated the main source of lipids, had no effect on subsequent dust bathing. It therefore seems that the main effects of deprivation of dust bathing in hens act through a central mechanism and not a peripheral one.
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shavings. Most vertical wing shakes and scratching bouts within a single dust bath were observed in lignocellulose. Bill raking occurred more frequently in wood shavings and lignocellulose in comparison to the other substrates. No differences in the relative durations of behavioral patterns within a single dust bath were found. In contrast, other research shows that straw or wood-shavings were no more attractive than feathers as a substrate for dust bathing.
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239:. In normal dust bathing, the hen initially scratches and bill-rakes at the ground, then erects her feathers and squats. Once lying down, the behavior contains four main elements: vertical wing-shaking, head rubbing, bill-raking and scratching with one leg. The dust collects between the feathers and is then subsequently shaken off which may reduce the amount of feather
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The tendency to dust bathe fluctuates according to time of day, with more dust bathing occurring in the middle of the day which suggests some type of endogenous circadian rhythm of motivation. If birds are denied the opportunity to dustbathe, the tendency to dustbathe increases with time, suggesting
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Environmental temperature is an important external factor; the frequency of dust bathing is greater at 22 °C (72 °F) than at 10 °C (50 °F). Addition of supplementary visible light also increases components of dust bathing, and when hens are individually housed, the presence of a
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usually have no dust bathing substrate. This is considered to be a welfare concern and as a consequence, dust bathing has been closely studied in domestic egg-laying hens. In the absence of substrate in cages, hens often perform sham dust bathing, a behavior during which the birds perform all the
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Wrens and House
Sparrows frequently follow a water bath with a dust bath (one reason to suspect an anti-parasite function for dusting). Overall, the amount of time and effort birds put into bathing and dusting indicates how critical feather maintenance may be. Keeping feathers functional requires
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on the feathers and a subsequent increase in dust bathing activity when this is allowed. However, although it has been speculated that the function of dust bathing is probably removal of excess lipids on the feathers, lipid accumulation as a major cause of dust bathing has not been proven. A 1991
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is a highly sociable bird; one of their daily communal activities is a dust bath. A group of quail will select an area where the ground has been freshly turned or is soft. Using their underbellies, they burrow downward into the soil about 2–5 cm (1–2 in). They then wriggle about in the
271:
mat without substrate, or food particles, the time spent dust bathing and number of dust baths were higher in lignocellulose compared with wood shavings, food particles, and
Astroturf. The average duration of a single dust bath was longer in food particles compared with lignocellulose and wood
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Many mammals roll in sand or dirt, presumably to keep parasites away or to help dry themselves after exercise or becoming wet. A sand roll, which is a stall or yard covered with deep sand, is traditionally included as part of stable complexes for use by racehorses after exercise.
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Birds crouch close to the ground while taking a dust bath, vigorously wriggling their bodies and flapping their wings. This disperses loose substrate into the air. The birds spread one or both wings which allows the falling substrate to fall between the
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Dust bathing is motivated by complex interactions between internal factors which build up over time, peripheral factors relating to the skin and feathers, and external factors, such as the sight of a dusty substrate.
741:
Vestergaard, K.; Hogan, J.A.; Kruijt, J.P. (1990). "The development of a behavior system: Dustbathing in the
Burmese red junglefowl. I. The influence of the rearing environment on the organization of dustbathing".
760:
Vestergaard, K., 1980. The regulation of dustbathing and other behaviour patterns in the laying hen: A Lorenzian approach. In: Moss, R. (Ed.) The Laying Hen and its
Environment, Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, pp.
684:
Sanatora, G.S.; Vestergaard, K.S.; Agger, J.F.; Lawson, L.G. (1995). "The relative preferences for feathers, straw, wood-shavings and sand for dustbathing, pecking and scratching in domestic chicks".
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group of hens dust bathing in an adjoining pen with a dust bath increased dust bathing compared with the amount occurring when the hens were absent from the pen., i.e. there is a strong influence of
46:
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Merrill, R.J.N.; Cooper, J.J.; Albentosa, M.J.; Nicol, C.J. (2006). "The preferences of laying hens for perforated
Astroturf over conventional wire as a dust bathing substrate in furnished cages".
73:) is an animal behavior characterized by rolling or moving around in dust, dry earth or sand, with the likely purpose of removing parasites from fur, feathers or skin. Dust bathing is a
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43:
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Nørgaard-Nielsen, G. and
Vestergaard, K., (1981). Dustbathing behaviour of uropygial gland extirpated domestic hens. Effects of dust deprivation. Acta Vet. Scand. 22: 118–128
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indentations, flapping their wings and ruffling their feathers, causing dust to rise in the air. They seem to prefer sunny places in which to create these dust baths. An
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is able to detect the presence of quail in an area by spotting the circular indentations left behind in the soft dirt, some 7–15 cm (3–6 in) in diameter.
606:
Olsson, I.A.S.; Keeling, L.J. (2005). "Why in earth? Dustbathing behaviour in jungle and domestic fowl reviewed from a
Tinbergian and animal welfare perspective".
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as they leave a "pungent" odor in the dust bathing areas. It has been suggested that wallowing (a behavior similar to dust bathing) may serve functions such as
840:
van Liere, D.W., (1991). Function and
Organization of Dustbathing Behaviour in Laying Hens. PhD thesis, Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Olsson, I.A.S.; Duncan, I.J.H.; Keeling, L.J.; Widowski, T.M. (2002). "How important is social facilitation for dustbathing in laying hens?".
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Peripheral factors seem relatively unimportant in controlling dust bathing. Deprivation of dust bathing results in an increase in
1043:"Male degus, Octodon degus, modify their dustbathing behavior in response to social familiarity of previous dustbathing marks"
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317:
866:; Malleau, A.E.; Lindberg, A.C.; Petherick, J.C. (1998). "External factors and causation of dustbathing in domestic hens".
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188:. The dust bath is often followed by thorough shaking to further ruffle the feathers which may be accompanied with
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van Liere, D.W.; Bockma, S. (1987). "Short-term feather maintenance as a function of dustbathing in laying hens".
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Bracke, M.B.M. (2011). "Review of wallowing in pigs: Description of the behaviour and its motivational basis".
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Olsson, I.A.S.; Keeling, L.J.; Duncan, I.J.H. (2002). "Why do hens sham dustbathe when they have litter?".
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species. For some animals, dust baths are necessary to maintain healthy feathers, skin, or fur, similar to
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van Liere, D.W. (1992). "Dustbathing as related to proximal and distal feather lipids in laying hens".
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645:"Food, wood, or plastic as substrates for dustbathing and foraging in laying hens: A preference test"
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Vestergaard, K (1982). "Dust-bathing in the domestic fowl: diurnal rhythm and dust deprivation".
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Dust bathing has been suggested to have a communicatory function in several mammals such as the
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and so help the plumage maintain good insulating capacity and may help control of
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elements of normal dust bathing, but in the complete absence of any substrate.
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van Liere, D.W. (1992). "The significance of fowls' bathing in dust".
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in mud. In some mammals, dust bathing may be a way of transmitting
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32:"Sand bathing" redirects here. For the laboratory equipment, see
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227:) rely on dust bathing to keep their feathers healthy and dry.
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1076:"Dustbathing and intra-sexual communication of social degus,
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Scholz, B.; Urselmans, S.; Kjaer, J.B.; Schrader, L. (2010).
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for dust bathing substrate. When given a choice between
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571:. Exoticpets.about.com. June 14, 2010. Archived from
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Autecology of the
Belding ground squirrel in Oregon
547:"Dust Bath definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta"
529:; Islamic act of dry ablution using sand or dust.
235:Dust bathing has been extensively studied in the
1542:Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour
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101:) to the ground which marks an individual's
435:Mammals that perform dust bathing include:
1547:International Society for Applied Ethology
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1041:Ebensperger, L.A.; Caiozzi, A. (2002).
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1028:Managing Horses on Small Properties
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1126:Applied Animal Behaviour Science
983:Applied Animal Behaviour Science
911:Applied Animal Behaviour Science
773:Applied Animal Behaviour Science
686:Applied Animal Behaviour Science
608:Applied Animal Behaviour Science
1154:Video of chinchilla dustbathing
1097:10.4067/S0716-078X2000000200011
1060:10.4067/s0716-078x2002000100015
937:"Why do Birds Take Dust Baths?"
1251:Bee learning and communication
1138:10.1016/j.applanim.2011.01.002
620:10.1016/j.applanim.2004.11.018
1:
995:10.1016/s0168-1591(01)00181-2
923:10.1016/s0168-1591(02)00117-x
880:10.1016/s0376-6357(98)00017-5
267:(soft wood fibre, pelleted),
77:performed by a wide range of
812:10.1016/0376-6357(92)90012-3
785:10.1016/0168-1591(87)90193-6
728:10.1016/0304-3762(82)90061-x
698:10.1016/0168-1591(95)00562-7
1166:Video of donkey dustbathing
1648:
406:), the long-eared jerboa (
364:A horse taking a sand bath
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1601:
1308:Evolutionary neuroscience
1159:January 10, 2017, at the
1080:(Rodentia: Octodontidae)"
414:Belding's ground squirrel
387:Elephant dust bathing in
378:Yellowstone National Park
251:Preferences for substrate
126:Ashy-crowned sparrow-lark
1261:Behavioral endocrinology
341:for domestic egg-laying
294:build-up of motivation.
1456:Irenäus Eibl-Eibesfeldt
1236:Animal sexual behaviour
1074:Ebensperger, L (2000).
716:Applied Animal Ethology
569:"Chinchilla Dust Baths"
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1241:Animal welfare science
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800:Behavioural Processes
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1266:Behavioural genetics
1226:Animal consciousness
1221:Animal communication
1047:Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat
943:on November 17, 2015
445:Cape ground squirrel
356:Wallowing in animals
75:maintenance behavior
1256:Behavioural ecology
1031:Retrieved 2010-3-12
594:American Bird Guide
575:on January 10, 2017
557:on August 29, 2009.
412:), and possibly in
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155:having a dust bath.
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311:External factors
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1431:Donald Broom
1400:Zoosemiotics
1353:Sociobiology
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460:Domestic dog
455:Domestic cat
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89:in water or
71:sand bathing
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67:Dust bathing
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1461:Dian Fossey
1426:Marc Bekoff
1414:Ethologists
1132:(1): 1–13.
1053:: 157–163.
629:10216/64511
551:MSN Encarta
510:Prairie dog
400:common degu
257:preferences
211:(e.g., the
136:A group of
1363:Structures
1358:Stereotypy
1016:: 173–178.
970:: 187–202.
534:References
450:Chinchilla
354:See also:
276:Motivation
99:pheromones
1592:Behaviour
1535:Societies
1373:Honeycomb
989:: 53–64.
828:135441436
744:Behaviour
422:sunscreen
292:Lorenzian
269:Astroturf
103:territory
91:wallowing
79:mammalian
34:sand bath
18:Dust bath
1632:Ethology
1626:Category
1611:Category
1556:Journals
1383:Instinct
1333:Learning
1328:Instinct
1303:Ethogram
1286:Grooming
1209:Branches
1202:Ethology
1157:Archived
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671:20634510
579:July 11,
527:Tayammum
516:See also
470:Elephant
389:Botswana
190:preening
182:feathers
1313:Feeding
761:101–120
480:Hamster
350:Mammals
225:bustard
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490:Jerboa
475:Gerbil
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241:lipids
1390:Swarm
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1271:Breed
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892:S2CID
824:S2CID
500:Llama
485:Horse
440:Bison
142:India
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1378:Nest
1368:Hive
949:2015
884:PMID
816:PMID
667:PMID
581:2011
465:Degu
343:hens
223:and
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