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experiment by Van Liere, et al. of the
Wageningen Agricultural University of the Netherlands could only increase the duration of dust bathing bouts marginally by spreading lipids, equivalent to 1–2 months' accumulation, on birds' feathers. Moreover, removal of the oil gland in chicks, which eliminated the main source of lipids, had no effect on subsequent dust bathing. It therefore seems that the main effects of deprivation of dust bathing in hens act through a central mechanism and not a peripheral one.
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shavings. Most vertical wing shakes and scratching bouts within a single dust bath were observed in lignocellulose. Bill raking occurred more frequently in wood shavings and lignocellulose in comparison to the other substrates. No differences in the relative durations of behavioral patterns within a single dust bath were found. In contrast, other research shows that straw or wood-shavings were no more attractive than feathers as a substrate for dust bathing.
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228:. In normal dust bathing, the hen initially scratches and bill-rakes at the ground, then erects her feathers and squats. Once lying down, the behavior contains four main elements: vertical wing-shaking, head rubbing, bill-raking and scratching with one leg. The dust collects between the feathers and is then subsequently shaken off which may reduce the amount of feather
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The tendency to dust bathe fluctuates according to time of day, with more dust bathing occurring in the middle of the day which suggests some type of endogenous circadian rhythm of motivation. If birds are denied the opportunity to dustbathe, the tendency to dustbathe increases with time, suggesting
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Environmental temperature is an important external factor; the frequency of dust bathing is greater at 22 °C (72 °F) than at 10 °C (50 °F). Addition of supplementary visible light also increases components of dust bathing, and when hens are individually housed, the presence of a
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usually have no dust bathing substrate. This is considered to be a welfare concern and as a consequence, dust bathing has been closely studied in domestic egg-laying hens. In the absence of substrate in cages, hens often perform sham dust bathing, a behavior during which the birds perform all the
312:
Wrens and House
Sparrows frequently follow a water bath with a dust bath (one reason to suspect an anti-parasite function for dusting). Overall, the amount of time and effort birds put into bathing and dusting indicates how critical feather maintenance may be. Keeping feathers functional requires
295:
on the feathers and a subsequent increase in dust bathing activity when this is allowed. However, although it has been speculated that the function of dust bathing is probably removal of excess lipids on the feathers, lipid accumulation as a major cause of dust bathing has not been proven. A 1991
188:
is a highly sociable bird; one of their daily communal activities is a dust bath. A group of quail will select an area where the ground has been freshly turned or is soft. Using their underbellies, they burrow downward into the soil about 2–5 cm (1–2 in). They then wriggle about in the
260:
mat without substrate, or food particles, the time spent dust bathing and number of dust baths were higher in lignocellulose compared with wood shavings, food particles, and
Astroturf. The average duration of a single dust bath was longer in food particles compared with lignocellulose and wood
383:
Many mammals roll in sand or dirt, presumably to keep parasites away or to help dry themselves after exercise or becoming wet. A sand roll, which is a stall or yard covered with deep sand, is traditionally included as part of stable complexes for use by racehorses after exercise.
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Birds crouch close to the ground while taking a dust bath, vigorously wriggling their bodies and flapping their wings. This disperses loose substrate into the air. The birds spread one or both wings which allows the falling substrate to fall between the
153:
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Dust bathing is motivated by complex interactions between internal factors which build up over time, peripheral factors relating to the skin and feathers, and external factors, such as the sight of a dusty substrate.
730:
Vestergaard, K.; Hogan, J.A.; Kruijt, J.P. (1990). "The development of a behavior system: Dustbathing in the
Burmese red junglefowl. I. The influence of the rearing environment on the organization of dustbathing".
749:
Vestergaard, K., 1980. The regulation of dustbathing and other behaviour patterns in the laying hen: A Lorenzian approach. In: Moss, R. (Ed.) The Laying Hen and its
Environment, Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, pp.
673:
Sanatora, G.S.; Vestergaard, K.S.; Agger, J.F.; Lawson, L.G. (1995). "The relative preferences for feathers, straw, wood-shavings and sand for dustbathing, pecking and scratching in domestic chicks".
34:
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group of hens dust bathing in an adjoining pen with a dust bath increased dust bathing compared with the amount occurring when the hens were absent from the pen., i.e. there is a strong influence of
35:
997:
Merrill, R.J.N.; Cooper, J.J.; Albentosa, M.J.; Nicol, C.J. (2006). "The preferences of laying hens for perforated
Astroturf over conventional wire as a dust bathing substrate in furnished cages".
62:) is an animal behavior characterized by rolling or moving around in dust, dry earth or sand, with the likely purpose of removing parasites from fur, feathers or skin. Dust bathing is a
152:
32:
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Nørgaard-Nielsen, G. and
Vestergaard, K., (1981). Dustbathing behaviour of uropygial gland extirpated domestic hens. Effects of dust deprivation. Acta Vet. Scand. 22: 118–128
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indentations, flapping their wings and ruffling their feathers, causing dust to rise in the air. They seem to prefer sunny places in which to create these dust baths. An
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is able to detect the presence of quail in an area by spotting the circular indentations left behind in the soft dirt, some 7–15 cm (3–6 in) in diameter.
595:
Olsson, I.A.S.; Keeling, L.J. (2005). "Why in earth? Dustbathing behaviour in jungle and domestic fowl reviewed from a
Tinbergian and animal welfare perspective".
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as they leave a "pungent" odor in the dust bathing areas. It has been suggested that wallowing (a behavior similar to dust bathing) may serve functions such as
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van Liere, D.W., (1991). Function and
Organization of Dustbathing Behaviour in Laying Hens. PhD thesis, Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Olsson, I.A.S.; Duncan, I.J.H.; Keeling, L.J.; Widowski, T.M. (2002). "How important is social facilitation for dustbathing in laying hens?".
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Peripheral factors seem relatively unimportant in controlling dust bathing. Deprivation of dust bathing results in an increase in
1032:"Male degus, Octodon degus, modify their dustbathing behavior in response to social familiarity of previous dustbathing marks"
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306:
855:; Malleau, A.E.; Lindberg, A.C.; Petherick, J.C. (1998). "External factors and causation of dustbathing in domestic hens".
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177:. The dust bath is often followed by thorough shaking to further ruffle the feathers which may be accompanied with
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van Liere, D.W.; Bockma, S. (1987). "Short-term feather maintenance as a function of dustbathing in laying hens".
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Bracke, M.B.M. (2011). "Review of wallowing in pigs: Description of the behaviour and its motivational basis".
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Olsson, I.A.S.; Keeling, L.J.; Duncan, I.J.H. (2002). "Why do hens sham dustbathe when they have litter?".
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species. For some animals, dust baths are necessary to maintain healthy feathers, skin, or fur, similar to
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van Liere, D.W. (1992). "Dustbathing as related to proximal and distal feather lipids in laying hens".
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634:"Food, wood, or plastic as substrates for dustbathing and foraging in laying hens: A preference test"
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Vestergaard, K (1982). "Dust-bathing in the domestic fowl: diurnal rhythm and dust deprivation".
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Dust bathing has been suggested to have a communicatory function in several mammals such as the
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and so help the plumage maintain good insulating capacity and may help control of
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elements of normal dust bathing, but in the complete absence of any substrate.
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van Liere, D.W. (1992). "The significance of fowls' bathing in dust".
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in mud. In some mammals, dust bathing may be a way of transmitting
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1103:. Department of Biological Sciences. Tuscan, University of Arizona
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21:"Sand bathing" redirects here. For the laboratory equipment, see
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216:) rely on dust bathing to keep their feathers healthy and dry.
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1065:"Dustbathing and intra-sexual communication of social degus,
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Scholz, B.; Urselmans, S.; Kjaer, J.B.; Schrader, L. (2010).
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for dust bathing substrate. When given a choice between
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560:. Exoticpets.about.com. June 14, 2010. Archived from
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Autecology of the
Belding ground squirrel in Oregon
536:"Dust Bath definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta"
518:; Islamic act of dry ablution using sand or dust.
224:Dust bathing has been extensively studied in the
1531:Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour
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8:
90:) to the ground which marks an individual's
424:Mammals that perform dust bathing include:
1536:International Society for Applied Ethology
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1030:Ebensperger, L.A.; Caiozzi, A. (2002).
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1073:Revista Chilena de Historia Natural
1017:Managing Horses on Small Properties
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1115:Applied Animal Behaviour Science
972:Applied Animal Behaviour Science
900:Applied Animal Behaviour Science
762:Applied Animal Behaviour Science
675:Applied Animal Behaviour Science
597:Applied Animal Behaviour Science
1143:Video of chinchilla dustbathing
1086:10.4067/S0716-078X2000000200011
1049:10.4067/s0716-078x2002000100015
926:"Why do Birds Take Dust Baths?"
1240:Bee learning and communication
1127:10.1016/j.applanim.2011.01.002
609:10.1016/j.applanim.2004.11.018
1:
984:10.1016/s0168-1591(01)00181-2
912:10.1016/s0168-1591(02)00117-x
869:10.1016/s0376-6357(98)00017-5
256:(soft wood fibre, pelleted),
66:performed by a wide range of
801:10.1016/0376-6357(92)90012-3
774:10.1016/0168-1591(87)90193-6
717:10.1016/0304-3762(82)90061-x
687:10.1016/0168-1591(95)00562-7
1155:Video of donkey dustbathing
1637:
395:), the long-eared jerboa (
353:A horse taking a sand bath
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320:
20:
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1297:Evolutionary neuroscience
1148:January 10, 2017, at the
1069:(Rodentia: Octodontidae)"
403:Belding's ground squirrel
376:Elephant dust bathing in
367:Yellowstone National Park
240:Preferences for substrate
115:Ashy-crowned sparrow-lark
1250:Behavioral endocrinology
330:for domestic egg-laying
283:build-up of motivation.
1445:Irenäus Eibl-Eibesfeldt
1225:Animal sexual behaviour
1063:Ebensperger, L (2000).
705:Applied Animal Ethology
558:"Chinchilla Dust Baths"
1384:Tool use by non-humans
1337:Philosophical ethology
1282:Comparative psychology
1230:Animal welfare science
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1099:Turner, L.W. (1972).
857:Behavioural Processes
789:Behavioural Processes
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127:Malabar pied hornbill
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106:A dust bathing turkey
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1490:William Homan Thorpe
1255:Behavioural genetics
1215:Animal consciousness
1210:Animal communication
1036:Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat
932:on November 17, 2015
434:Cape ground squirrel
345:Wallowing in animals
64:maintenance behavior
1245:Behavioural ecology
1020:Retrieved 2010-3-12
583:American Bird Guide
564:on January 10, 2017
546:on August 29, 2009.
401:), and possibly in
307:social facilitation
144:having a dust bath.
1574:Behavioral Ecology
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1287:Emotion in animals
1265:Cognitive ethology
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365:dust bathing in
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317:Sham dustbathing
300:External factors
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1510:E. O. Wilson
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1389:Zoosemiotics
1342:Sociobiology
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562:the original
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484:Kangaroo rat
449:Domestic dog
444:Domestic cat
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78:in water or
60:sand bathing
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56:Dust bathing
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1450:Dian Fossey
1415:Marc Bekoff
1403:Ethologists
1121:(1): 1–13.
1042:: 157–163.
618:10216/64511
540:MSN Encarta
499:Prairie dog
389:common degu
246:preferences
200:(e.g., the
125:A group of
1352:Structures
1347:Stereotypy
1005:: 173–178.
959:: 187–202.
523:References
439:Chinchilla
343:See also:
265:Motivation
88:pheromones
1581:Behaviour
1524:Societies
1362:Honeycomb
978:: 53–64.
817:135441436
733:Behaviour
411:sunscreen
281:Lorenzian
258:Astroturf
92:territory
80:wallowing
68:mammalian
23:sand bath
1621:Ethology
1615:Category
1600:Category
1545:Journals
1372:Instinct
1322:Learning
1317:Instinct
1292:Ethogram
1275:Grooming
1198:Branches
1191:Ethology
1146:Archived
885:11251049
877:24896008
809:24924327
739:: 35–52.
660:20634510
568:July 11,
516:Tayammum
505:See also
459:Elephant
378:Botswana
179:preening
171:feathers
1302:Feeding
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469:Hamster
339:Mammals
214:bustard
210:ostrich
76:bathing
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585:, 2005
479:Jerboa
464:Gerbil
293:lipids
230:lipids
1379:Swarm
1307:Hover
1260:Breed
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881:S2CID
813:S2CID
489:Llama
474:Horse
429:Bison
131:India
98:Birds
72:avian
1367:Nest
1357:Hive
938:2015
873:PMID
805:PMID
656:PMID
570:2011
454:Degu
332:hens
212:and
206:kiwi
184:The
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613:hdl
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