37:
371:
drum, decorated with carvings, and used for communication by
Surinamese slaves and for religious purposes in connection with sky and ancestor spirits, pitch can be varied based on the location of the head struck, made from hollow logs with heads of skin
89:. It only includes membranophones that are indigenous to the local music area or are a vital and long-standing part of local culture. It does not include membranophones that are, for example, a part of Western style orchestras, nor does it include
1199:
Single-headed, open-bottomed conical drum with a hole in the barrel and a goatskin head, stretched by a rope hoop, wrapped in more rope, used in all
African-derived Martinican dances and as a symbol of Afro-Martinican identity, including
3100:
Goatskin-headed drum traditionally made from improvised materials (especially discarded barrels), goatskin is tuned by heating it with a candle and attached with nails, used in the
Bahamian genre of the same name
9280:
442:
5-to-6-foot-tall (1.5 to 1.8 m) cylindrical drum with three windows near the base so the drummer (or pair of drummers) can play it easily, decorated with brightly colored kerchiefs (
132:
244:, pitch can be varied based on the location of the head struck, made from hollow logs with heads of skin, used in spiritual ceremonies, where it is associated with snake spirits
4544:
Single-headed hand drum, small, high-pitched, played upright and one-handed, and held between the legs, interacts with dancers by responding to movement and improvises with the
7658:
6990:
4512:
Cylindrical drum that comes in pairs, traditionally made from wood or a two-gallon container with both top and bottom removed and replaced with heads, played with fingers
7020:
von
Hornbostel, Erich M.; Curt Sachs (March 1961). "Classification of Musical Instruments: Translated from the Original German by Anthony Baines and Klaus P. Wachsmann".
8905:
8020:
8093:
DjeDje, Jacqueline
Cogdell (Spring–Autumn 1998). "Remembering Kojo: History, Music, and Gender in the January Sixth Celebration of the Jamaican Accompong Maroons".
6687:
Small barrel frame drum, headed with goatskin; a cord with an attached bead is placed on the drumskin to add a buzzing quality to the sound, used to accompany
125:
8288:
Charles de
Ledesma & Gene Scaramuzzo (2000). "Dance Funk Creole Style". In Broughton, Simon; Mark Ellingham; James McConnachie & Orla Duane (eds.).
4879:
Kettledrum, played in pairs, made from containers used to boil sugarcane juice, with tension lugs to adjust the tightness of the single-head, closed bottom
968:
Double-headed bass drum, played with a hard stick in one hand for the lower head, and a soft mallet in the other hand for the upper head, used to accompany
8844:
6181:
6050:
5617:
5299:
613:
7988:
7205:
1456:
9290:
9139:
8874:
8225:
7067:
118:
9275:
7193:
1624:
Drums of unequal size played in a pair and held between the knees, originally used in Cuban folk music of various kinds, also used in music of
9208:
8491:
Hill, Donald R. (Spring–Autumn 1998). "West
African and Haitian Influences on the Ritual and Popular Music of Carriacou, Trinidad, and Cuba".
3830:
Open-bottomed and single-headed drum, played transversally and carved from a single fragment of wood, used in Creole dance accompaniment for
8143:
7943:
9086:
8782:
9238:
9119:
9062:
9007:
8707:
8464:
8430:
8297:
7878:
7797:
7666:
6936:
6917:
5566:
3092:
5145:
Medium-sized drum that supports dancers, played in pairs, with one played solo, and both played bare-handed, used among the AlukuĂł
8667:"Applying Experimental Archaeology to Ethnomusicology: Recreating an Ancient Maya Friction Drum through Various Lines of Evidence"
8181:
9177:
7429:
6998:
523:
Small goatskin frame drum, played with the back of the hand, front of the fingers and the palm, used to attract spirits for the
93:
and other common membranophones used in popular music recordings of many genres across the world. Almost all membranophones are
9028:
8066:
6599:, played with one hand, pitch can be varied based on the location of the head struck, made from hollow logs with heads of skin
6046:
5059:
4978:
4946:
4917:
4892:
4871:
4633:
2863:
Cylindrical drum, one-headed, held between players' legs and performed by tapping with the hand or fingers, originally used in
2312:
2291:
2203:
539:
304:
9053:
Steward, Sue; Sean Harvey (2000). "Compass Points". In Simon
Broughton; Mark Ellingham; James McConnachie; Orla Duane (eds.).
4962:, of the Afro-Dominican religious ceremonies, played either in pairs or trios, with single skin heads either pegged or tacked
4933:, of the Afro-Dominican religious ceremonies, played either in pairs or trios, with single skin heads either pegged or tacked
4904:, of the Afro-Dominican religious ceremonies, played either in pairs or trios, with single skin heads either pegged or tacked
4310:
Cylindrical drum, small and wooden with goatskin at one end, strapped across the shoulder and played with two sticks, used in
316:, of the Afro-Dominican religious ceremonies, played either in pairs or trios, with single skin heads either pegged or tacked
8335:
7749:
1464:
155:
7591:
4994:, used in the Afro-Dominican religious ceremonies, played either in pairs or trios, with skin heads either pegged or tacked
1246:
Single-headed barrel drum, covered at one end by goatskin, stretched with rope and pegs, and played barehanded, accompanies
8577:
8912:
8027:
2836:
Goatskin frame drum, played with the back of the hand, front of the fingers and the palm, used to attract spirits for the
7238:
6439:
4820:
4018:
2652:
ceremonies, played by rubbing a stick over the membrane, which is attached using wedges whose tightness can be modified
2400:
2259:
1886:
1290:
916:
160:
150:
8670:
7531:
3926:
ceremonies, where it plays a steady rhythm, and is often used several at a time, open end sometimes banged with sticks
8814:
7820:
Cyrille, Dominique (Spring 2002). "Popular Music and
Martinican-Creole Identityjournal=Black Music Research Journal".
5656:
4479:
Hand drum with a cowhide head, pegged in place and with a decorated collar, used in many Afro-Haitian musics, used in
4066:
3940:
564:
8963:
8365:
McDaniel, Lorna (Spring 2002). "Musical
Thoughts on Unresolved Questions and Recent Findings in Big Drum Research".
6960:
8540:
572:
Played by two drummers, one using two sticks and the other hands and feet, used in dance genre of the same name (
8836:
7980:
7197:
30:
9057:. Vol. 2: Latin & North America, Caribbean, India, Asia and Pacific. Rough Guides. pp. 421–429.
1789:
and played transversally and single-handed, produces lower sounds and the basic rhythms of the music, used in
3331:
1218:, also used to synchronize collective labor in northern Martinique, and is a part of most Martinican rural
8946:
Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Volume Two: South America, Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean
8322:
Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Volume Two: South America, Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean
8264:
Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Volume Two: South America, Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean
7923:
Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Volume Two: South America, Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean
7901:
Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Volume Two: South America, Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean
7701:
Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Volume Two: South America, Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean
7639:
Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Volume Two: South America, Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean
7570:
Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Volume Two: South America, Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean
7466:
Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Volume Two: South America, Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean
6888:
Cylindrical drum used in the dance of the same name, has a wire stretched across the single goatskin head
6655:
6058:
Double-headed barrel drum of African origin, played with a stick on one head and a bare hand on the other
5137:
4177:
3822:
3253:
3162:
2934:
2772:
7829:
7103:
6191:
4749:
3977:
3270:
2871:
1000:
98:
9147:
8866:
8221:
7063:
1827:
Hand drum, formerly made of barrels, now more often rum casks; narrower and lower-tuned cousin of the
1474:
Music and dance ritual, which includes drums traditionally made of tree trunks, now often of rum kegs
6292:
6254:
6133:
5978:
5574:
5570:
5519:
5010:
4443:
3768:
3543:
3088:
2485:
2195:
1970:
1536:
1155:
681:
6089:
3860:
Hand drum, formerly made of barrels, now more often rum casks; wider and higher-tuned cousin of the
946:
Double-headed drum that keeps the ground rhythm and is slung across the drummers' shoulder, used in
495:
9216:
6415:
6390:
6110:
6106:
5988:
4536:
4162:
3997:
3949:
3743:
3739:
3313:
2828:
2557:
2456:
2452:
2105:
2070:, played by two people, one striking the bass and the other hitting the body with a pair of sticks
1980:
1777:
1550:
1191:
785:
781:
742:
718:
702:
515:
6711:
Large two-headed hooped drum, carried with a strap and sometimes with an attached board called an
1528:
8751:
8508:
8382:
8151:
8110:
7499:
7162:
7142:
7037:
808:
8638:
Ramnarine, Tina K. (1998). "Brotherhood of the Boat: Musical Dialogues in a Caribbean Context".
7951:
1229:
1202:
650:
drum, often with the system of lacing replaced by nailing the heads to the drum, most common in
9078:
8774:
8422:
8416:
1978:
Larger, barrel-shaped hand drums, covered with tight animal skin stretched using pegs, used in
9115:
9058:
9003:
8703:
8460:
8426:
8293:
7874:
7793:
6932:
6913:
6679:
6634:
6583:
6075:
5913:
5828:
5775:
5278:
5215:
4302:
4279:
1238:
1009:
938:
651:
351:
224:
8743:
8647:
8500:
8374:
8102:
7491:
7380:
7328:
7154:
7029:
6318:
6071:
5883:
5805:
5469:
5168:
4208:
4040:
3968:
3912:
3868:
tradition, barrel contains a hole on the side, skin is stretched by a hoop wrapped in cloth
3852:
3345:
3257:
3005:
2897:
2855:
2605:
1835:
tradition, barrel contains a hole on the side, skin is stretched by a hoop wrapped in cloth
1819:
1460:
986:
960:
750:
Bass barrel drum, one-headed, laced, and played with sticks, used in Carnival, specifically
481:
105:
8699:
8693:
2408:
Single-headed barrel drum, played open handed, drum heads attached with hoops, accompanies
1894:
Double-headed barrel drum, played open handed, drum heads attached with hoops, accompanies
8731:
7842:
7116:
6664:
5899:
5307:
Goatskin frame drum, sometimes played in pairs or larger groups, usually using both hands
5176:
Small, high-pitched, plays complex, syncopated rhythms, covered with a goat skin, used in
5146:
4217:
4150:
4027:
3838:
dances, played in pairs with the lead called the "female" type and the support the "male"
3266:
2947:
2888:
2495:
2276:
1130:
1013:
925:
55:
9246:
4195:
plays a basic rhythm, head typically made of goatskin, attached with a vine or iron hoop
489:
Open-bottomed, goatskin-headed, made from barrels or tree trunks, smaller partner of the
6083:
Open-bottomed, goatskin-headed, made from barrels or tree trunks, larger partner of the
9285:
8189:
7786:
6906:
6880:
6703:
6229:
6157:
6038:
5702:
5625:
Made from kegs or barrels, and attached to a skin frame secured by wood, rope and pegs
5374:
5353:
5109:
4504:
4471:
4331:
3881:
3690:
3036:
2962:
2567:
2199:
1851:
1056:
812:
548:
434:
82:
9169:
7437:
9269:
9109:
8997:
8453:
7868:
7139:
Caribbean Island Music: Songs and Dances of Haiti, the Dominican Republic and Jamaica
6848:
6799:
6760:
6749:
6558:
6525:
6480:
6369:
6327:
5940:
5895:
5850:
5608:
5332:
family, plays the most intricate rhythms of the group, not always characterized as a
5320:
4786:
4730:
4676:
4312:
4239:
4125:
4117:
4090:
3636:
3593:
3507:
3468:
3429:
3384:
2736:
2643:
2634:
2191:
2050:
2018:
1859:
Cowskin hand drum, with the head pegged in place around a decorative collar, used in
1769:
1655:
1616:
1567:
1509:
1412:
1361:
1083:
1075:
1031:
1005:
636:
388:
74:
62:
50:
9024:
8585:
8058:
4128:, single-headed, with a stick inserted and rubbed to produce the sound, used in the
4098:
Tall drum with goatskin head, held in place by cords, wedges and hoops, used in the
998:, carried with a strap and leader of marching bands, played with a covered stick in
6829:
6399:
6267:
5665:
5558:
5328:
Smallest barrel-shaped hand drum, made out of a box with two sloping sides, of the
5117:
Cylindrical drum headed with cowskin, attached with cords, comes in two varieties:
2837:
2224:
1164:
524:
8343:
7741:
7246:
793:
Small frame drum played with both striking and rubbing, used in indoor music, and
7583:
2113:
Small and high pitched drums, played with sticks, used in Carnival, specifically
110:
6263:
6236:
5949:
4158:
4049:
4011:
2466:
2220:
1625:
1105:
689:
8810:
6929:
The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Volume 3: The United States and Canada
5286:
Long drum, made from a hollow tree trunk with goat or sheep skin on either end
8651:
7332:
5921:
5891:
5858:
5798:
4221:
3981:
3357:
2216:
2140:
1609:
1065:
58:
7384:
3170:
Frame drum, used in Creole dance accompaniment for a dance of the same name (
1248:
1183:
726:
Bass drum, double-headed, played with sticks, used in Carnival, specifically
236:
that sets a steady beat for folk music, played with a stick, of the set with
8666:
7539:
6688:
6141:
4955:
4926:
2943:
1545:
1219:
1139:
995:
969:
909:
794:
233:
5986:
Smaller, barrel-shaped hand drums, covered with tight animal skin, used in
3650:
goblet-shaped drum, made of wood and covered with goatskin, along with the
2648:
1373:
1214:
398:
3920:
Large, low-pitched, plays a 4/4 rhythm, covered with a goat skin, used in
2211:
Tall, narrow and single-headed barrel drum, open at the bottom, played by
17:
8971:
8613:
6358:
5863:
5837:
5527:
Small conical hand drum, improvises over the other drum rhythms, used in
3865:
1832:
1577:
1449:
947:
574:
90:
70:
6968:
3776:
Barrel drum with a goatskin head, used in various folk forms, including
8755:
8548:
8386:
7503:
5954:
5813:
Central use in Bermudan traditions, generally played in pairs, used in
4828:
Cylindrical drums with double skins, middle-sized drum of the set with
4800:
goblet-shaped drum, made of wood and covered with skin, along with the
4796:
4130:
4100:
4081:
3646:
3607:
goblet-shaped drum, made of wood and covered with skin, along with the
3603:
3080:
3015:
2410:
2267:
Cylindrical drums with double skins, middle-sized drum of the set with
1896:
1208:
646:
622:
86:
8512:
8114:
7482:
Messenger, John C. (Summer 1973). "African Retentions in Montserrat".
7166:
7041:
5223:
Small, skin-covered bass drum, common among the rural Afro-Surinamese
2565:
Skin-covered hand drum, goblet-shaped and played bare-handed, used in
1109:
religious rites, all goblet-shaped and with two goatskin heads called
6757:
5926:
5789:
5784:
5177:
4550:
4187:
4005:
Goatskin deep-barreled drum, used in Carnival and other celebrations
3922:
3301:
2790:, head typically made of goatskin, attached with a vine or iron hoop
2782:
2744:
Small cylindrical, or slightly tapered, goatskin-headed drums of the
2615:
2549:
2477:
1791:
1629:
803:
78:
66:
8747:
8378:
7788:
Awakening Spaces: French Caribbean Popular Songs, Music, and Culture
7495:
2320:
Cylindrical folk drums with a low bass tone, smaller version of the
8695:
Drumming for the Gods: The Life and Times of Felips Garcia Villamil
8504:
8106:
7158:
7033:
2219:, animal-skin heads can be tuned; also used in popular genres from
43:
drums are a common part of Caribbean music across much of the areas
8734:(Spring 1982). "Some Aspects of Religious Cult Music in Jamaica".
6567:
6534:
6310:
6271:
6246:
6144:, made from a hollowed-out tree trunk and topped with animal skin
5529:
5479:
5388:
5337:
5020:
4739:
4487:
3325:
3225:
2865:
1518:
1168:
368:
40:
36:
35:
7094:
Goines, Leonard (Spring 1975). "The Black Perspective in Music".
5948:
Drum with straight but sloping sides, closest to being a classic
3666:
is used to produce a duller sound, wrapped with bells and belts (
7371:
Courlander, Harold (July 1941). "Musical Instruments of Haiti".
7319:
Courlander, Harold (April 1942). "Musical Instruments of Cuba".
7137:
Malm, Krister; Roberts, John Storm (September 1973). "Review of
5712:
4481:
1861:
94:
8418:
Popular Musics of the Non-Western World: An Introductory Survey
6908:
Popular Musics of the Non-Western World: An Introductory Survey
4986:
Ensembles that include a number of drums, include the types of
3044:
Cowskin hand drum, played with a hand and a bow, in a set with
114:
6377:
European-derived open-bottomed twin drum, played using sticks
1298:
Cylindrical drums with double skins, smallest of the set with
4185:
Small barrel drum, used in Creole instrumental ensembles and
2780:
Large barrel drum, used in Creole instrumental ensembles and
1176:) rituals, now widespread among Afro-Trinidadians and others
3476:
Second-smallest of the four drums used in the Haitian-Cuban
6807:
Second-largest of the four drums used in the Haitian-Cuban
8906:"Musical Play Across Ethnic Boundaries in Western Jamaica"
8871:
Creativity and Resistance: Maroon Cultures in the Americas
8021:"Musical Play Across Ethnic Boundaries in Western Jamaica"
692:, covered with lightly stretched skins, consists of large
9025:"Frank Figueroa on Afro-Caribbean percussion instruments"
8614:"That Sweet Sound: Ripsaw Music and Our Musical Heritage"
8421:. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp.
6165:
Miniature version of the tymbale, beaten with two sticks
5894:
played with wooden sticks, carried with a strap, used in
4048:
Central use in Bermudan traditions, derived from British
3889:
Cowskin hand drum, played with two sticks, in a set with
3755:, made from a barrel with goatskin heads tighted by cord
621:
Single-headed, made from a wooden barrel, often from the
9111:
Caribbean Currents: Caribbean Music from Rumba to Reggae
7637:
Sheehy, Daniel E. "Aruba and the Netherlands Antilles".
4958:
made from a tree trunk, used singly in ensembles called
4929:
made from a tree trunk, used singly in ensembles called
7563:
7561:
7559:
7557:
7736:
7734:
7732:
7730:
7366:
7364:
7362:
4900:
One of the smaller drums used in the ensembles called
312:
One of the smaller drums used in the ensembles called
9281:
Central American and Caribbean percussion instruments
8455:
Cuba and Its Music: From the First Drums to the Mambo
7728:
7726:
7724:
7722:
7720:
7718:
7716:
7714:
7712:
7710:
7360:
7358:
7356:
7354:
7352:
7350:
7348:
7346:
7344:
7342:
3515:
Smallest of the four drums used in the Haitian-Cuban
8059:"Drumming, the Backbone of African and Reggae Music"
7975:
7973:
7971:
7969:
7694:
7692:
7690:
7688:
7686:
7684:
7477:
7475:
7198:"A Survey of Afro-Dominican Palos Sacred Drum Music"
5361:
Drum headed with cowskin, attached with wooden pegs
3751:
Single-headed drums, used in Carnival, specifically
3437:
Largest of the four drums used in the Haitian-Cuban
3269:-derived goatskin square-framed drum, introduced to
8398:
8396:
8292:. Vol. 2. Rough Guides Ltd. pp. 289–303.
7815:
7813:
7811:
7809:
7792:. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
3980:celebrations, played with bare hands, also used in
3976:Small skinny cylindrical drum, improvised, used in
8999:This Is Reggae Music: The Story of Jamaica's Music
8452:
8315:
8313:
8311:
8309:
8257:
8255:
8253:
8251:
8249:
8247:
8245:
8243:
7916:
7914:
7912:
7910:
7785:
7622:Bilby, Kenneth. "Netherlands Antilles and Aruba".
7204:. Sainte-Anne, Guadeloupe: University of Florida.
6905:
5583:Goat- or cow-skin drum, heated to produce a pitch
2970:Bamboo stomping tubes, sometimes played in groups
8900:. Brussels: Les Cahiers du CEDAF 4: Linguistique.
7894:
7892:
7890:
7404:
7402:
7400:
7398:
7396:
7394:
6961:"Classifying Musical Instruments: Membranophones"
6642:Hollowed-out tree trunk with skins at either end
5710:Cowskin hand drum with artistic collars, used in
3355:Generic term for drums used in ceremonies called
2194:, now found throughout the Caribbean, especially
8898:Kumina: A Congo Based Tradition in the New World
8725:
8723:
8721:
8719:
8088:
8086:
8084:
7617:
7615:
7613:
7611:
7609:
7132:
7130:
7128:
7126:
4026:Kettle drum, accompaniment to stilt dancers and
2613:Bass drum made from a cardboard barrel, used in
1222:, uses a plucking string in the northern region
8534:
8532:
8530:
8528:
8526:
8524:
8522:
7062:Melville J. Herskovits; Frances S. Herskovits.
6239:made from hardwood and topped with animal skin
3394:Family of four drums used in the Haitian-Cuban
625:industry, with a skin frame, played two-handed
359:Principal Afro-Surinamese drum of the set with
8991:
8989:
8486:
8484:
8482:
8480:
8478:
8476:
7652:
7650:
7648:
924:Bass drum, accompaniment to stilt dancers and
8410:
8408:
8283:
8281:
8279:
8277:
8275:
8273:
8215:
8213:
8211:
8209:
8207:
7459:
7457:
7455:
7314:
7312:
7310:
7308:
7306:
7304:
7302:
7300:
7298:
7296:
7294:
7292:
7290:
7288:
7286:
7284:
1252:, features a plucked strings across the head
126:
29:"Woowoo" redirects here. For other uses, see
8:
9133:
9131:
8896:Bilby, Kenneth; Fu-Kiau kia Bunseki (1983).
8446:
8444:
8442:
8138:
8136:
8134:
8132:
8130:
8128:
8126:
8124:
7862:
7860:
7858:
7856:
7854:
7852:
7282:
7280:
7278:
7276:
7274:
7272:
7270:
7268:
7266:
7264:
6488:Medium-sized barrel-shaped hand drum of the
4289:Any kind of Dominican or Grenadan folk drum
4074:Snare drum, used in fife and drum ensembles
3013:Afro-Bermudan drum, related to the Bahamian
8769:
8767:
8765:
8052:
8050:
8048:
6931:. New York and London: Garland Publishing.
6189:Long drum, made from a hollow log, used in
5483:rituals, now imported to Rastafarian music
9048:
9046:
7938:
7936:
7934:
7932:
7779:
7777:
7775:
7773:
7771:
7769:
7767:
7424:
7422:
7420:
7057:
7055:
7053:
7051:
6763:, details of construction are kept secret
6447:Small drum, decorated with shells and tin
4191:, used to improvise for dancing while the
2786:, plays a basic rhythm accompanied by the
176:
133:
119:
111:
9114:. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
8607:
8605:
8603:
8014:
8012:
8010:
8008:
8006:
5429:bass drum (Jamaica), snare drum (Jamaica)
3623:sometimes used to produce a duller sound
1377:drum ensemble, consisting of four drums:
8939:
8937:
8935:
8933:
8811:"Roots of an African-American Christmas"
8804:
8802:
8800:
8262:McDaniel, Lorna. "Trinidad and Tobago".
7899:McDaniel, Lorna. "Antigua and Barbuda".
7233:
7231:
7229:
7227:
7225:
7223:
7188:
7186:
7184:
7182:
7180:
7178:
7176:
5836:Doubled headed side snare drum, used in
5180:, open end sometimes struck with sticks
4554:, Carnival, wrestling matches and wakes
1795:, Carnival, wrestling matches and wakes
1117:), both for aural and spiritual reasons
8785:from the original on September 29, 2007
8572:
8570:
8568:
8566:
8175:
8173:
8171:
8169:
7202:Séminaire d'ethnomusicologie caribéenne
7089:
7087:
7085:
6951:
6537:family, stave drum with a cowskin head
5783:Large Afro-Surinamese bass drum with a
1039:Largest barrel-shaped hand drum of the
108:number is given after each instrument.
8996:Bradley, Lloyd; Prince Buster (2001).
8957:
8955:
8228:from the original on February 20, 2007
7838:
7827:
7752:from the original on February 13, 2005
7584:"Culture: A Rich and Diverse Heritage"
7525:
7523:
7521:
7519:
7517:
7515:
7513:
7112:
7101:
7070:from the original on February 18, 2007
6304:, merry-go-rounds, other celebrations
3019:, used in the genre of the same name (
2946:that leads dances, used by the AlukuĂł
9031:from the original on January 25, 2008
7208:from the original on 11 February 2008
6912:. New York: Oxford University Press.
5067:Small rural folk handheld frame drum
4641:Small rural folk handheld frame drum
2748:ensemble, consisting of three types:
7:
9023:Figueroa, Frank (November 1, 2002).
8944:Guilbault, Jocelyne. "Saint Lucia".
8698:. Temple University Press. pp.
7870:Zouk: World Music in the West Indies
1785:Single-headed hand drum, similar to
9180:from the original on March 11, 2007
8877:from the original on March 14, 2007
7950:. November 13, 2005. Archived from
7699:Guilbault, Jocelyne. "Guadeloupe".
7411:Garland Encyclopedia of World Music
6856:Class of three folk tubular drums:
6591:Intermediate drum of the set, with
5664:Double-headed barrel drum, used in
5024:, adapted from European tambourine
2464:Double-headed barrel drum, used in
8847:from the original on April 6, 2007
8817:from the original on March 9, 2007
8673:from the original on April 1, 2007
8640:British Journal of Ethnomusicology
8069:from the original on July 14, 2007
6663:Small drum, used among the AlukuĂł
6266:with a goatskin head, used in the
5880:repeater, rattle, round, circular
1575:European-style bass drum, used in
1548:, used in genre of the same name (
547:Small double-headed drum, used in
25:
9089:from the original on June 2, 2010
8320:Guilbault, Jocelyne. "Dominica".
7991:from the original on May 10, 2007
7594:from the original on May 14, 2011
3948:Double-headed bass drum, used in
3329:and other traditions, as well as
2869:cult rituals, now also common in
1163:Double-headed bass drum, used in
551:only in the south of the country
7921:Millington, Janice. "Barbados".
6300:Snare drum, used in cockfights,
3698:Shorter and squatter variety of
3658:; red wax-like substance called
2215:, traditionally wood, now often
1628:and across the area, especially
1457:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1142:, used in folk music traditions
186:Hornbostel–Sachs classification
9291:Lists of percussion instruments
8904:Dickerson, Ronald Eric (1999).
8019:Dickerson, Ronald Eric (1999).
7873:. University of Chicago Press.
7663:National Geographic World Music
7624:New Grove Encyclopedia of Music
7430:"Tombstone - Big Drum - Saraca"
6049:originally, now also common on
4339:Taller and narrower variety of
3361:; these include the bass drum,
1113:, sometimes with a nut inside (
61:, including the islands of the
9079:"Puerto Rican Bomba and Plena"
8736:The Black Perspective in Music
6570:drum, barrel-shaped hand drum
6423:Bass drum, played with sticks
6326:Carried with a strap, used in
5382:Goatskin drum, used alongside
4216:Cylindrical drum, used by the
3323:Family of hand drums, used in
141:Lists of Caribbean instruments
1:
9276:Caribbean musical instruments
8962:National Library of Jamaica.
8186:Latin American Folk Institute
7746:New Grove Dictionary of Music
7464:Mesener, John. "Montserrat".
5018:Handheld frame drum, used in
9243:Curacao Culture and Folklore
8692:Velez, Maria Teresa (2000).
8612:Bowen, David (Summer 2007).
8493:Black Music Research Journal
8367:Black Music Research Journal
8222:"African Heritage in Guyana"
8095:Black Music Research Journal
7867:Guilbault, Jocelyne (1993).
7409:McDaniel, Lorna. "Grenada".
6548:bass tumbadora, true conga,
3952:and fife and drum ensembles
3733:also used synonymously with
3615:; wax-like substance called
3307:also used synonymously with
2493:Double-headed drum, used in
7784:Berrian, Brenda F. (2000).
2642:Single-headed three-legged
2275:drums; since introduced to
65:, as well as the musics of
9307:
9209:"Puerto Rican Instruments"
8290:Rough Guide to World Music
7532:"Dominican Music Overview"
7530:Sydney Hutchinson (2006).
7022:The Galpin Society Journal
6398:Cylindrical drum like the
4491:and other folk traditions
3398:ceremonies, consisting of
1581:, a pre-Easter procession
28:
8652:10.1080/09681229808567270
8340:Cultural Profiles Project
8336:"The Arts and Literature"
6959:Catherine Schmidt-Jones.
4688:tubular drum, along with
4255:ensemble, along with the
2062:tubular drum, along with
2030:tubular drum, along with
1667:ensemble, along with the
1521:with a drumhead attached
1428:ensemble, along with the
644:Barrel drum variant of a
410:ensemble, along with the
146:
9083:Smithsonian Global Sound
8459:. Chicago Review Press.
7981:"Princes and Dreadlocks"
7239:"Abakuá Drums in Havana"
5867:pre-Easter celebrations
5651:scratch band barrel drum
1068:, used in secular music
396:Drum used in Afro-Cuban
31:Woo Woo (disambiguation)
7333:10.1093/mq/XXVIII.2.227
6927:Koskoff, Ellen (2001).
6811:ceremonies, along with
6533:Largest variety of the
6120:Generic term for drums
4052:, especially common in
3519:ceremonies, along with
3480:ceremonies, along with
3441:ceremonies, along with
2299:Cylindrical folk drums
1091:Family of three drums:
188:
185:
182:
179:
9108:Manuel, Peter (1995).
8539:Gaston Jean-Baptiste.
8451:Sublette, Ned (2004).
8415:Manuel, Peter (1988).
7944:"Drums Keep the Beat!"
7837:Cite journal requires
7385:10.1093/mq/XXVII.3.371
7111:Cite journal requires
6904:Manuel, Peter (1988).
6402:, [played with sticks
3849:cut drum, cutter, cot
99:percussion instruments
44:
9174:Puerto Rico's Culture
8220:Al Craighton (2001).
7954:on September 27, 2007
7373:The Musical Quarterly
7321:The Musical Quarterly
6991:"534m Membranophones"
4738:Smallest drum of the
3551:Smaller drum used in
2115:mizik a mas a Sen Jan
1465:Saint Kitts and Nevis
875:bas a yon fas, tambou
752:mizik a mas a Sen Jan
736:bas a yon fas, tambou
39:
8974:on February 18, 2007
8918:on February 27, 2008
8618:Times of the Islands
8551:on February 23, 2007
8148:Music of Puerto Rico
8033:on February 27, 2008
7948:Jamaica Gleaner News
7742:"French West Indies"
7669:on November 17, 2006
7542:on December 17, 2006
7064:"Suriname folk-lore"
5596:snare drum (Jamaica)
5409:snare drum (Jamaica)
4451:Larger drum used in
2129:snare drum (Jamaica)
1663:Largest drum of the
1004:ceremonies, used in
712:bas a dé fas, tambou
9249:on December 3, 2005
9239:"Curacao's Culture"
9150:on October 18, 2006
9144:World Music Central
8775:"Bermuda: In Depth"
8324:. pp. 840–844.
8266:. pp. 952–967.
8192:on February 5, 2007
7925:. pp. 813–821.
7903:. pp. 798–800.
7703:. pp. 873–880.
7641:. pp. 927–931.
7536:Merengue-Ripiao.com
7490:(4): 54–57, 95–96.
7468:. pp. 922–926.
7413:. pp. 865–872.
7194:Davis, Martha Ellen
6440:Antigua and Barbuda
4821:Trinidad and Tobago
4684:Intermediate-sized
4455:rituals, literally
4019:Antigua and Barbuda
3753:mizik a mas a Kongo
3601:Intermediate-sized
3555:rituals, literally
2470:and Carnival music
2401:Trinidad and Tobago
2260:Trinidad and Tobago
1887:Trinidad and Tobago
1461:Carriacou (Grenada)
1291:Trinidad and Tobago
917:Antigua and Barbuda
614:Bonaire and Curaçao
9198:Manuel, pgs. 42–46
8402:Manuel, pgs. 39–42
8346:on October 1, 2006
7985:Caribbean Religion
7568:"Virgin Islands".
7440:on August 31, 2005
7143:John Storm Roberts
6257:, now commonplace
6087:, accompanies the
6047:Dominican Republic
5173:211.211.1+111.231
5060:Dominican Republic
4979:Dominican Republic
4947:Dominican Republic
4918:Dominican Republic
4893:Dominican Republic
4872:Dominican Republic
4634:Dominican Republic
3917:211.211.1+111.231
2313:Dominican Republic
2292:Dominican Republic
2204:Dominican Republic
1918:(Carriacou, Haiti)
1196:211.251.2-91(+22)
728:mizik a mas Byé Fò
696:drums and smaller
540:Dominican Republic
305:Dominican Republic
45:
9213:Puerto Rico Guide
8837:"Art/Music/Dance"
8665:John A. Donahue.
8063:The Dread Library
6895:
6894:
5952:, variation on a
4263:, and the taller
1440:, and the taller
652:Matanzas Province
418:, and the taller
402:societies, small
174:
173:
16:(Redirected from
9298:
9259:
9258:
9256:
9254:
9245:. Archived from
9235:
9229:
9228:
9226:
9224:
9215:. Archived from
9205:
9199:
9196:
9190:
9189:
9187:
9185:
9166:
9160:
9159:
9157:
9155:
9146:. Archived from
9135:
9126:
9125:
9105:
9099:
9098:
9096:
9094:
9075:
9069:
9068:
9050:
9041:
9040:
9038:
9036:
9020:
9014:
9013:
8993:
8984:
8983:
8981:
8979:
8970:. Archived from
8959:
8950:
8949:
8941:
8928:
8927:
8925:
8923:
8917:
8911:. Archived from
8910:
8901:
8893:
8887:
8886:
8884:
8882:
8863:
8857:
8856:
8854:
8852:
8833:
8827:
8826:
8824:
8822:
8806:
8795:
8794:
8792:
8790:
8771:
8760:
8759:
8730:Logan, Wendell;
8727:
8714:
8713:
8689:
8683:
8682:
8680:
8678:
8662:
8656:
8655:
8635:
8629:
8628:
8626:
8624:
8609:
8598:
8597:
8595:
8593:
8588:on April 4, 2007
8584:. Archived from
8578:"Tambor de Yuka"
8574:
8561:
8560:
8558:
8556:
8547:. Archived from
8536:
8517:
8516:
8499:(1/2): 183–201.
8488:
8471:
8470:
8458:
8448:
8437:
8436:
8412:
8403:
8400:
8391:
8390:
8362:
8356:
8355:
8353:
8351:
8342:. Archived from
8332:
8326:
8325:
8317:
8304:
8303:
8285:
8268:
8267:
8259:
8238:
8237:
8235:
8233:
8217:
8202:
8201:
8199:
8197:
8188:. Archived from
8182:"The Bata Drums"
8177:
8164:
8163:
8161:
8159:
8150:. Archived from
8140:
8119:
8118:
8090:
8079:
8078:
8076:
8074:
8054:
8043:
8042:
8040:
8038:
8032:
8026:. Archived from
8025:
8016:
8001:
8000:
7998:
7996:
7977:
7964:
7963:
7961:
7959:
7940:
7927:
7926:
7918:
7905:
7904:
7896:
7885:
7884:
7864:
7847:
7846:
7840:
7835:
7833:
7825:
7817:
7804:
7803:
7791:
7781:
7762:
7761:
7759:
7757:
7738:
7705:
7704:
7696:
7679:
7678:
7676:
7674:
7665:. Archived from
7654:
7643:
7642:
7634:
7628:
7627:
7619:
7604:
7603:
7601:
7599:
7580:
7574:
7573:
7565:
7552:
7551:
7549:
7547:
7538:. Archived from
7527:
7508:
7507:
7479:
7470:
7469:
7461:
7450:
7449:
7447:
7445:
7436:. Archived from
7426:
7415:
7414:
7406:
7389:
7388:
7368:
7337:
7336:
7316:
7259:
7258:
7256:
7254:
7249:on April 4, 2007
7245:. Archived from
7235:
7218:
7217:
7215:
7213:
7190:
7171:
7170:
7134:
7121:
7120:
7114:
7109:
7107:
7099:
7091:
7080:
7079:
7077:
7075:
7059:
7046:
7045:
7017:
7011:
7010:
7008:
7006:
7001:on July 10, 2006
6997:. Archived from
6987:
6981:
6980:
6978:
6976:
6971:on July 23, 2011
6967:. Archived from
6956:
6942:
6923:
6911:
6780:
6733:
6618:
6509:
6464:
6348:
6255:Indo-Trinidadian
6213:
6028:
6008:
5787:on top, used in
5759:
5741:
5686:
5642:
5598:
5567:Turks and Caicos
5549:
5502:
5453:
5431:
5411:
5264:
5242:
5199:
5086:
5043:
4855:
4763:
4714:
4660:
4617:
4595:
4573:
4427:
4405:
4383:
4361:
3816:kanmougé, tambou
3806:
3719:
3577:
3291:
3215:
3193:
3146:
3124:
3093:Turks and Caicos
3070:
2989:
2918:
2898:cylindrical drum
2807:
2713:
2691:
2671:
2589:
2539:
2517:
2433:
2384:
2364:
2342:
2245:
2131:
2089:
2002:
1943:
1920:
1759:
1741:
1723:
1701:
1600:
1493:
1345:
1325:
1271:
1243:211.221.2-86+22
1156:Indo-Trinidadian
1064:Goatskin-headed
900:
878:
856:
834:
597:
465:
335:
285:
263:
232:Afro-Surinamese
208:
177:
135:
128:
121:
112:
106:Hornbostel-Sachs
21:
9306:
9305:
9301:
9300:
9299:
9297:
9296:
9295:
9266:
9265:
9262:
9252:
9250:
9237:
9236:
9232:
9222:
9220:
9207:
9206:
9202:
9197:
9193:
9183:
9181:
9168:
9167:
9163:
9153:
9151:
9138:Rein Spoorman.
9137:
9136:
9129:
9122:
9107:
9106:
9102:
9092:
9090:
9077:
9076:
9072:
9065:
9052:
9051:
9044:
9034:
9032:
9022:
9021:
9017:
9010:
9002:. Grove Press.
8995:
8994:
8987:
8977:
8975:
8961:
8960:
8953:
8943:
8942:
8931:
8921:
8919:
8915:
8908:
8903:
8895:
8894:
8890:
8880:
8878:
8865:
8864:
8860:
8850:
8848:
8835:
8834:
8830:
8820:
8818:
8808:
8807:
8798:
8788:
8786:
8773:
8772:
8763:
8748:10.2307/1215000
8732:Marjorie Whylie
8729:
8728:
8717:
8710:
8691:
8690:
8686:
8676:
8674:
8664:
8663:
8659:
8637:
8636:
8632:
8622:
8620:
8611:
8610:
8601:
8591:
8589:
8576:
8575:
8564:
8554:
8552:
8538:
8537:
8520:
8490:
8489:
8474:
8467:
8450:
8449:
8440:
8433:
8414:
8413:
8406:
8401:
8394:
8379:10.2307/1519967
8364:
8363:
8359:
8349:
8347:
8334:
8333:
8329:
8319:
8318:
8307:
8300:
8287:
8286:
8271:
8261:
8260:
8241:
8231:
8229:
8219:
8218:
8205:
8195:
8193:
8180:Mark Corrales.
8179:
8178:
8167:
8157:
8155:
8154:on July 2, 2006
8142:
8141:
8122:
8101:(1/2): 67–120.
8092:
8091:
8082:
8072:
8070:
8056:
8055:
8046:
8036:
8034:
8030:
8023:
8018:
8017:
8004:
7994:
7992:
7979:
7978:
7967:
7957:
7955:
7942:
7941:
7930:
7920:
7919:
7908:
7898:
7897:
7888:
7881:
7866:
7865:
7850:
7836:
7826:
7819:
7818:
7807:
7800:
7783:
7782:
7765:
7755:
7753:
7740:
7739:
7708:
7698:
7697:
7682:
7672:
7670:
7656:
7655:
7646:
7636:
7635:
7631:
7621:
7620:
7607:
7597:
7595:
7582:
7581:
7577:
7567:
7566:
7555:
7545:
7543:
7529:
7528:
7511:
7496:10.2307/3334803
7481:
7480:
7473:
7463:
7462:
7453:
7443:
7441:
7428:
7427:
7418:
7408:
7407:
7392:
7370:
7369:
7340:
7318:
7317:
7262:
7252:
7250:
7237:
7236:
7221:
7211:
7209:
7196:(7 July 2003).
7192:
7191:
7174:
7147:Ethnomusicology
7136:
7135:
7124:
7110:
7100:
7093:
7092:
7083:
7073:
7071:
7061:
7060:
7049:
7019:
7018:
7014:
7004:
7002:
6989:
6988:
6984:
6974:
6972:
6958:
6957:
6953:
6949:
6939:
6926:
6920:
6903:
6900:
6890:
6877:
6834:
6793:
6775:
6746:
6726:
6700:
6676:
6652:
6631:
6611:
6580:
6547:
6522:
6502:
6477:
6459:
6433:
6412:
6387:
6363:
6341:
6315:
6289:
6251:
6226:
6206:
6175:
6154:
6130:
6117:
6103:
6068:
6043:
6023:
6003:
5968:
5937:
5910:
5875:
5847:
5824:
5802:
5772:
5754:
5736:
5699:
5679:
5653:
5637:
5614:
5593:
5563:
5544:
5516:
5495:
5466:
5446:
5426:
5406:
5371:
5350:
5317:
5296:
5275:
5257:
5235:
5212:
5192:
5158:
5134:
5099:
5079:
5056:
5036:
5004:
4972:
4943:
4914:
4889:
4868:
4848:
4817:
4776:
4756:
4727:
4707:
4673:
4653:
4630:
4610:
4588:
4566:
4522:
4501:
4468:
4440:
4420:
4398:
4376:
4354:
4325:
4299:
4286:
4276:
4265:bonkó enchemiyá
4233:
4205:
4174:
4144:
4114:
4087:
4063:
4037:
4028:Christmas music
4015:
3991:
3962:
3934:
3906:
3878:
3848:
3819:
3799:
3765:
3732:
3711:
3684:
3633:
3590:
3570:
3540:
3501:
3462:
3423:
3391:
3378:
3352:
3342:
3320:
3306:
3284:
3230:
3208:
3186:
3159:
3139:
3117:
3085:
3063:
3033:
3002:
2982:
2959:
2931:
2911:
2885:
2849:
2818:
2800:
2769:
2726:
2706:
2686:
2664:
2628:
2602:
2586:dèbonda, tambou
2582:
2554:
2532:
2510:
2482:
2446:
2443:débonda, tambou
2426:
2414:stick fighting
2397:
2377:
2357:
2335:
2309:
2288:
2256:
2238:
2144:
2126:
2102:
2082:
2047:
2015:
1995:
1956:
1935:
1912:
1900:stick fighting
1883:
1845:
1805:
1774:
1754:
1736:
1720:bonkó enchemiyá
1716:
1698:bonkó enchemiyá
1694:
1641:
1638:bonkó enchemiyá
1613:
1597:bonkó enchemiyá
1593:
1564:
1533:
1506:
1486:
1471:
1453:
1442:bonkó enchemiyá
1406:
1379:bonkó enchemiyá
1368:
1358:
1338:
1318:
1284:
1264:
1235:
1188:
1152:
1127:
1080:
1053:
1027:
979:
957:
935:
926:Christmas music
913:
893:
888:base, tambou di
871:
849:
827:
763:
739:
715:
700:drums, used in
663:
633:
610:
590:
561:
536:
509:
478:
458:
431:
420:bonkó enchemiyá
382:
348:
328:
298:
278:
256:
221:
201:
175:
170:
142:
139:
56:Caribbean music
34:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9304:
9302:
9294:
9293:
9288:
9283:
9278:
9268:
9267:
9261:
9260:
9230:
9200:
9191:
9161:
9127:
9120:
9100:
9070:
9063:
9042:
9027:. Latin Beat.
9015:
9008:
8985:
8951:
8929:
8888:
8858:
8828:
8809:Irene Smalls.
8796:
8761:
8715:
8708:
8684:
8657:
8630:
8599:
8562:
8518:
8505:10.2307/779398
8472:
8465:
8438:
8431:
8404:
8392:
8373:(1): 127–139.
8357:
8327:
8305:
8298:
8269:
8239:
8203:
8165:
8120:
8107:10.2307/779395
8080:
8044:
8002:
7965:
7928:
7906:
7886:
7879:
7848:
7839:|journal=
7805:
7798:
7763:
7706:
7680:
7657:Nili Belkind.
7644:
7629:
7605:
7575:
7553:
7509:
7471:
7451:
7416:
7390:
7379:(3): 371–383.
7338:
7327:(2): 227–240.
7260:
7219:
7172:
7159:10.2307/849985
7153:(3): 587–589.
7122:
7113:|journal=
7081:
7047:
7034:10.2307/842168
7012:
6982:
6950:
6948:
6945:
6944:
6943:
6937:
6924:
6918:
6899:
6896:
6893:
6892:
6886:
6883:
6878:
6869:
6868:
6854:
6851:
6846:
6844:tambor de yuka
6824:
6823:
6805:
6802:
6797:
6785:
6784:
6781:
6773:
6765:
6764:
6755:
6752:
6747:
6738:
6737:
6734:
6724:
6716:
6715:
6709:
6706:
6701:
6692:
6691:
6685:
6682:
6677:
6673:twavay, tambou
6668:
6667:
6661:
6658:
6653:
6644:
6643:
6640:
6637:
6632:
6623:
6622:
6619:
6609:
6601:
6600:
6589:
6586:
6581:
6572:
6571:
6564:
6561:
6556:
6539:
6538:
6531:
6528:
6523:
6514:
6513:
6510:
6506:bass tumbadora
6500:
6494:
6493:
6486:
6483:
6478:
6469:
6468:
6465:
6457:
6449:
6448:
6445:
6442:
6437:
6425:
6424:
6421:
6418:
6413:
6404:
6403:
6396:
6393:
6388:
6379:
6378:
6375:
6372:
6367:
6353:
6352:
6349:
6339:
6331:
6330:
6328:marching bands
6324:
6321:
6316:
6306:
6305:
6298:
6295:
6290:
6286:tenbal, tambou
6281:
6280:
6261:
6258:
6252:
6241:
6240:
6234:
6232:
6227:
6218:
6217:
6214:
6204:
6196:
6195:
6187:
6184:
6179:
6167:
6166:
6163:
6160:
6155:
6146:
6145:
6139:
6136:
6131:
6122:
6121:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6104:
6095:
6094:
6081:
6078:
6069:
6060:
6059:
6056:
6053:
6044:
6033:
6032:
6029:
6021:
6013:
6012:
6009:
6001:
5993:
5992:
5984:
5981:
5976:
5960:
5959:
5946:
5945:211.261.2-813
5943:
5938:
5931:
5930:
5919:
5916:
5911:
5904:
5903:
5896:marching bands
5889:
5886:
5881:
5869:
5868:
5856:
5853:
5848:
5841:
5840:
5834:
5831:
5826:
5818:
5817:
5811:
5808:
5803:
5794:
5793:
5781:
5778:
5773:
5764:
5763:
5760:
5752:
5746:
5745:
5742:
5734:
5726:
5725:
5708:
5705:
5700:
5691:
5690:
5687:
5677:
5669:
5668:
5662:
5659:
5657:Virgin Islands
5654:
5647:
5646:
5643:
5635:
5627:
5626:
5623:
5620:
5615:
5603:
5602:
5599:
5591:
5585:
5584:
5581:
5578:
5564:
5554:
5553:
5550:
5542:
5534:
5533:
5525:
5522:
5517:
5507:
5506:
5503:
5493:
5485:
5484:
5475:
5472:
5467:
5458:
5457:
5454:
5444:
5436:
5435:
5432:
5424:
5416:
5415:
5412:
5404:
5398:
5397:
5380:
5377:
5372:
5363:
5362:
5359:
5356:
5351:
5342:
5341:
5326:
5323:
5318:
5309:
5308:
5305:
5302:
5297:
5288:
5287:
5284:
5281:
5276:
5269:
5268:
5265:
5255:
5247:
5246:
5243:
5233:
5225:
5224:
5221:
5218:
5213:
5204:
5203:
5200:
5190:
5182:
5181:
5174:
5171:
5166:
5150:
5149:
5143:
5140:
5135:
5126:
5125:
5115:
5112:
5107:
5091:
5090:
5087:
5077:
5069:
5068:
5065:
5062:
5057:
5048:
5047:
5044:
5034:
5026:
5025:
5016:
5013:
5008:
4996:
4995:
4984:
4981:
4976:
4964:
4963:
4952:
4949:
4944:
4935:
4934:
4923:
4920:
4915:
4906:
4905:
4898:
4895:
4890:
4881:
4880:
4877:
4874:
4869:
4860:
4859:
4856:
4846:
4838:
4837:
4826:
4823:
4818:
4809:
4808:
4792:
4789:
4784:
4768:
4767:
4764:
4754:
4744:
4743:
4736:
4733:
4728:
4719:
4718:
4715:
4705:
4697:
4696:
4682:
4679:
4674:
4665:
4664:
4661:
4651:
4643:
4642:
4639:
4636:
4631:
4622:
4621:
4618:
4608:
4600:
4599:
4596:
4586:
4578:
4577:
4574:
4564:
4556:
4555:
4548:drum, used in
4542:
4539:
4534:
4514:
4513:
4510:
4507:
4502:
4493:
4492:
4477:
4474:
4469:
4465:mamnan, tambou
4460:
4459:
4449:
4446:
4441:
4437:manman, tambou
4432:
4431:
4428:
4418:
4410:
4409:
4406:
4396:
4388:
4387:
4384:
4374:
4366:
4365:
4362:
4352:
4344:
4343:
4337:
4334:
4329:
4317:
4316:
4308:
4305:
4300:
4291:
4290:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4277:
4268:
4267:
4245:
4242:
4237:
4225:
4224:
4214:
4211:
4206:
4197:
4196:
4183:
4180:
4175:
4166:
4165:
4156:
4153:
4148:
4136:
4135:
4123:
4120:
4115:
4106:
4105:
4096:
4093:
4088:
4076:
4075:
4072:
4069:
4067:Virgin Islands
4064:
4057:
4056:
4046:
4043:
4038:
4031:
4030:
4024:
4021:
4016:
4007:
4006:
4003:
4000:
3995:
3985:
3984:
3974:
3971:
3966:
3954:
3953:
3946:
3943:
3941:Virgin Islands
3938:
3928:
3927:
3918:
3915:
3910:
3898:
3897:
3887:
3884:
3879:
3870:
3869:
3864:, used in the
3858:
3855:
3850:
3840:
3839:
3828:
3825:
3820:
3811:
3810:
3807:
3797:
3789:
3788:
3774:
3771:
3766:
3757:
3756:
3749:
3746:
3737:
3724:
3723:
3720:
3709:
3703:
3702:
3696:
3693:
3688:
3676:
3675:
3642:
3639:
3634:
3625:
3624:
3599:
3596:
3591:
3582:
3581:
3578:
3568:
3560:
3559:
3549:
3546:
3541:
3532:
3531:
3513:
3510:
3505:
3493:
3492:
3474:
3471:
3466:
3454:
3453:
3435:
3432:
3427:
3415:
3414:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3382:
3370:
3369:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3343:
3336:
3335:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3311:
3296:
3295:
3292:
3282:
3274:
3273:
3263:
3260:
3251:
3220:
3219:
3216:
3206:
3198:
3197:
3194:
3184:
3176:
3175:
3168:
3165:
3160:
3151:
3150:
3147:
3137:
3129:
3128:
3125:
3115:
3107:
3106:
3098:
3095:
3086:
3075:
3074:
3071:
3061:
3053:
3052:
3042:
3039:
3034:
3025:
3024:
3011:
3008:
3003:
2994:
2993:
2990:
2980:
2972:
2971:
2968:
2965:
2960:
2951:
2950:
2940:
2937:
2932:
2923:
2922:
2919:
2909:
2901:
2900:
2896:Afro-Guyanese
2894:
2891:
2886:
2877:
2876:
2861:
2858:
2853:
2841:
2840:
2834:
2831:
2826:
2812:
2811:
2808:
2798:
2792:
2791:
2778:
2775:
2770:
2761:
2760:
2742:
2739:
2734:
2718:
2717:
2714:
2704:
2696:
2695:
2692:
2684:
2676:
2675:
2672:
2662:
2654:
2653:
2640:
2637:
2632:
2620:
2619:
2611:
2608:
2603:
2594:
2593:
2590:
2580:
2572:
2571:
2568:gwo ka moderne
2563:
2560:
2555:
2544:
2543:
2540:
2536:bas, tambou di
2530:
2527:dibass, tambou
2522:
2521:
2518:
2514:bas, tambou di
2508:
2500:
2499:
2491:
2488:
2486:Indo-Caribbean
2483:
2472:
2471:
2462:
2459:
2450:
2438:
2437:
2434:
2424:
2416:
2415:
2406:
2403:
2398:
2389:
2388:
2385:
2375:
2369:
2368:
2365:
2355:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2333:
2325:
2324:
2318:
2315:
2310:
2301:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2289:
2280:
2279:
2265:
2262:
2257:
2250:
2249:
2246:
2236:
2228:
2227:
2209:
2206:
2188:
2136:
2135:
2132:
2124:
2118:
2117:
2111:
2108:
2103:
2094:
2093:
2090:
2080:
2072:
2071:
2056:
2053:
2048:
2039:
2038:
2024:
2021:
2016:
2007:
2006:
2003:
1993:
1985:
1984:
1976:
1973:
1968:
1948:
1947:
1944:
1933:
1925:
1924:
1921:
1910:
1902:
1901:
1892:
1889:
1884:
1875:
1874:
1857:
1854:
1849:
1837:
1836:
1831:, used in the
1825:
1822:
1817:
1797:
1796:
1783:
1780:
1775:
1764:
1763:
1760:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1742:
1734:
1728:
1727:
1724:
1714:
1706:
1705:
1702:
1692:
1684:
1683:
1661:
1658:
1653:
1633:
1632:
1622:
1619:
1614:
1605:
1604:
1601:
1591:
1583:
1582:
1573:
1570:
1565:
1556:
1555:
1544:Barrel-shaped
1542:
1539:
1534:
1523:
1522:
1515:
1512:
1507:
1498:
1497:
1494:
1484:
1476:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1454:
1445:
1444:
1418:
1415:
1410:
1398:
1397:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1359:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1316:
1308:
1307:
1296:
1293:
1288:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1262:
1254:
1253:
1244:
1241:
1236:
1224:
1223:
1197:
1194:
1189:
1178:
1177:
1161:
1158:
1153:
1144:
1143:
1138:Afro-Guyanese
1136:
1133:
1128:
1119:
1118:
1089:
1086:
1081:
1070:
1069:
1062:
1059:
1054:
1045:
1044:
1037:
1034:
1029:
1018:
1017:
1006:marching bands
994:Double-headed
992:
989:
984:
983:(Maroon only)
973:
972:
966:
963:
958:
951:
950:
944:
941:
936:
929:
928:
922:
919:
914:
905:
904:
901:
897:bas, tambou di
891:
883:
882:
879:
869:
861:
860:
857:
853:bas, tambou di
847:
839:
838:
835:
825:
817:
816:
813:Indo-Caribbean
791:
788:
779:
760:bas, tambou di
755:
754:
748:
745:
740:
731:
730:
724:
721:
716:
707:
706:
687:
684:
679:
655:
654:
642:
639:
634:
627:
626:
619:
616:
611:
602:
601:
598:
588:
580:
579:
570:
567:
565:Virgin Islands
562:
553:
552:
545:
542:
537:
528:
527:
521:
518:
513:
501:
500:
493:, used in the
487:
484:
479:
470:
469:
466:
456:
448:
447:
440:
437:
432:
423:
422:
394:
391:
386:
374:
373:
357:
354:
349:
340:
339:
336:
326:
318:
317:
310:
307:
302:
290:
289:
286:
276:
268:
267:
264:
254:
246:
245:
230:
227:
222:
213:
212:
209:
199:
191:
190:
187:
184:
181:
172:
171:
169:
168:
166:Membranophones
163:
158:
153:
147:
144:
143:
140:
138:
137:
130:
123:
115:
83:Garifuna music
51:membranophones
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9303:
9292:
9289:
9287:
9284:
9282:
9279:
9277:
9274:
9273:
9271:
9264:
9248:
9244:
9240:
9234:
9231:
9219:on 2008-02-29
9218:
9214:
9210:
9204:
9201:
9195:
9192:
9179:
9175:
9171:
9165:
9162:
9149:
9145:
9141:
9134:
9132:
9128:
9123:
9121:1-56639-338-8
9117:
9113:
9112:
9104:
9101:
9088:
9084:
9080:
9074:
9071:
9066:
9064:1-85828-636-0
9060:
9056:
9049:
9047:
9043:
9030:
9026:
9019:
9016:
9011:
9009:0-8021-3828-4
9005:
9001:
9000:
8992:
8990:
8986:
8973:
8969:
8968:History Notes
8965:
8958:
8956:
8952:
8947:
8940:
8938:
8936:
8934:
8930:
8914:
8907:
8899:
8892:
8889:
8876:
8872:
8868:
8862:
8859:
8846:
8842:
8838:
8832:
8829:
8816:
8812:
8805:
8803:
8801:
8797:
8784:
8780:
8776:
8770:
8768:
8766:
8762:
8757:
8753:
8749:
8745:
8741:
8737:
8733:
8726:
8724:
8722:
8720:
8716:
8711:
8709:1-56639-731-6
8705:
8701:
8697:
8696:
8688:
8685:
8672:
8668:
8661:
8658:
8653:
8649:
8645:
8641:
8634:
8631:
8619:
8615:
8608:
8606:
8604:
8600:
8587:
8583:
8579:
8573:
8571:
8569:
8567:
8563:
8550:
8546:
8545:Haitian Drums
8542:
8535:
8533:
8531:
8529:
8527:
8525:
8523:
8519:
8514:
8510:
8506:
8502:
8498:
8494:
8487:
8485:
8483:
8481:
8479:
8477:
8473:
8468:
8466:1-55652-632-6
8462:
8457:
8456:
8447:
8445:
8443:
8439:
8434:
8432:0-19-505342-7
8428:
8424:
8420:
8419:
8411:
8409:
8405:
8399:
8397:
8393:
8388:
8384:
8380:
8376:
8372:
8368:
8361:
8358:
8350:September 27,
8345:
8341:
8337:
8331:
8328:
8323:
8316:
8314:
8312:
8310:
8306:
8301:
8299:1-85828-636-0
8295:
8291:
8284:
8282:
8280:
8278:
8276:
8274:
8270:
8265:
8258:
8256:
8254:
8252:
8250:
8248:
8246:
8244:
8240:
8227:
8223:
8216:
8214:
8212:
8210:
8208:
8204:
8191:
8187:
8183:
8176:
8174:
8172:
8170:
8166:
8153:
8149:
8145:
8144:"Instruments"
8139:
8137:
8135:
8133:
8131:
8129:
8127:
8125:
8121:
8116:
8112:
8108:
8104:
8100:
8096:
8089:
8087:
8085:
8081:
8068:
8064:
8060:
8057:Kahn, Jason.
8053:
8051:
8049:
8045:
8029:
8022:
8015:
8013:
8011:
8009:
8007:
8003:
7990:
7986:
7982:
7976:
7974:
7972:
7970:
7966:
7953:
7949:
7945:
7939:
7937:
7935:
7933:
7929:
7924:
7917:
7915:
7913:
7911:
7907:
7902:
7895:
7893:
7891:
7887:
7882:
7880:0-226-31041-8
7876:
7872:
7871:
7863:
7861:
7859:
7857:
7855:
7853:
7849:
7844:
7831:
7823:
7816:
7814:
7812:
7810:
7806:
7801:
7799:0-226-04456-4
7795:
7790:
7789:
7780:
7778:
7776:
7774:
7772:
7770:
7768:
7764:
7756:September 27,
7751:
7747:
7743:
7737:
7735:
7733:
7731:
7729:
7727:
7725:
7723:
7721:
7719:
7717:
7715:
7713:
7711:
7707:
7702:
7695:
7693:
7691:
7689:
7687:
7685:
7681:
7668:
7664:
7660:
7653:
7651:
7649:
7645:
7640:
7633:
7630:
7625:
7618:
7616:
7614:
7612:
7610:
7606:
7593:
7589:
7585:
7579:
7576:
7571:
7564:
7562:
7560:
7558:
7554:
7541:
7537:
7533:
7526:
7524:
7522:
7520:
7518:
7516:
7514:
7510:
7505:
7501:
7497:
7493:
7489:
7485:
7478:
7476:
7472:
7467:
7460:
7458:
7456:
7452:
7444:September 10,
7439:
7435:
7431:
7425:
7423:
7421:
7417:
7412:
7405:
7403:
7401:
7399:
7397:
7395:
7391:
7386:
7382:
7378:
7374:
7367:
7365:
7363:
7361:
7359:
7357:
7355:
7353:
7351:
7349:
7347:
7345:
7343:
7339:
7334:
7330:
7326:
7322:
7315:
7313:
7311:
7309:
7307:
7305:
7303:
7301:
7299:
7297:
7295:
7293:
7291:
7289:
7287:
7285:
7283:
7281:
7279:
7277:
7275:
7273:
7271:
7269:
7267:
7265:
7261:
7248:
7244:
7240:
7234:
7232:
7230:
7228:
7226:
7224:
7220:
7207:
7203:
7199:
7195:
7189:
7187:
7185:
7183:
7181:
7179:
7177:
7173:
7168:
7164:
7160:
7156:
7152:
7148:
7144:
7140:
7133:
7131:
7129:
7127:
7123:
7118:
7105:
7097:
7090:
7088:
7086:
7082:
7069:
7065:
7058:
7056:
7054:
7052:
7048:
7043:
7039:
7035:
7031:
7027:
7023:
7016:
7013:
7000:
6996:
6992:
6986:
6983:
6970:
6966:
6962:
6955:
6952:
6946:
6940:
6938:0-8240-6040-7
6934:
6930:
6925:
6921:
6919:0-19-506334-1
6915:
6910:
6909:
6902:
6901:
6897:
6891:
6887:
6884:
6882:
6879:
6876:
6875:
6871:
6870:
6867:
6863:
6859:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6841:
6837:
6833:
6832:
6831:
6826:
6825:
6822:
6818:
6814:
6810:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6798:
6796:
6792:
6791:
6787:
6786:
6782:
6779:
6774:
6772:
6771:
6767:
6766:
6762:
6761:friction drum
6759:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6748:
6745:
6744:
6740:
6739:
6735:
6732:
6731:
6725:
6723:
6722:
6718:
6717:
6714:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6702:
6699:
6698:
6694:
6693:
6690:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6678:
6675:
6674:
6670:
6669:
6666:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6656:French Guiana
6654:
6651:
6650:
6646:
6645:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6633:
6630:
6629:
6625:
6624:
6620:
6617:
6616:
6610:
6608:
6607:
6603:
6602:
6598:
6594:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6582:
6579:
6578:
6574:
6573:
6569:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6551:
6546:
6545:
6541:
6540:
6536:
6532:
6529:
6527:
6524:
6521:
6520:
6516:
6515:
6511:
6508:
6507:
6501:
6499:
6496:
6495:
6491:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6479:
6476:
6475:
6471:
6470:
6466:
6463:
6458:
6456:
6455:
6451:
6450:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6432:
6431:
6427:
6426:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6411:
6410:
6406:
6405:
6401:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6386:
6385:
6381:
6380:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6362:
6361:
6360:
6355:
6354:
6350:
6347:
6346:
6340:
6338:
6337:
6333:
6332:
6329:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6308:
6307:
6303:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6288:
6287:
6283:
6282:
6278:
6274:
6273:
6269:
6265:
6262:
6259:
6256:
6253:
6250:
6249:
6248:
6243:
6242:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6225:
6224:
6220:
6219:
6215:
6212:
6211:
6205:
6203:
6202:
6198:
6197:
6194:
6193:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6174:
6173:
6169:
6168:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6153:
6152:
6148:
6147:
6143:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6129:
6128:
6124:
6123:
6119:
6114:
6112:
6108:
6105:
6102:
6101:
6097:
6096:
6092:
6091:
6086:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6073:
6070:
6067:
6066:
6062:
6061:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6048:
6045:
6042:
6041:
6040:
6035:
6034:
6030:
6027:
6022:
6020:
6019:
6015:
6014:
6010:
6007:
6002:
6000:
5999:
5995:
5994:
5991:
5990:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5971:
5967:
5966:
5962:
5961:
5957:
5956:
5951:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5936:
5933:
5932:
5929:
5928:
5923:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5909:
5906:
5905:
5901:
5897:
5893:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5879:
5874:
5871:
5870:
5866:
5865:
5860:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5846:
5843:
5842:
5839:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5823:
5820:
5819:
5816:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5801:
5800:
5796:
5795:
5792:
5791:
5786:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5771:
5770:
5766:
5765:
5761:
5758:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5747:
5743:
5740:
5735:
5733:
5732:
5728:
5727:
5723:
5719:
5715:
5714:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5698:
5697:
5693:
5692:
5688:
5685:
5684:
5678:
5676:
5675:
5671:
5670:
5667:
5666:scratch bands
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5652:
5649:
5648:
5644:
5641:
5636:
5634:
5633:
5629:
5628:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5613:
5612:
5610:
5605:
5604:
5600:
5597:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5586:
5582:
5579:
5576:
5572:
5568:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5556:
5555:
5551:
5548:
5543:
5541:
5540:
5536:
5535:
5532:
5531:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5509:
5508:
5504:
5501:
5500:
5494:
5492:
5491:
5487:
5486:
5482:
5481:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5465:
5464:
5460:
5459:
5455:
5452:
5451:
5445:
5443:
5442:
5438:
5437:
5433:
5430:
5425:
5423:
5422:
5418:
5417:
5413:
5410:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5399:
5395:
5391:
5390:
5385:
5384:tambou manman
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5370:
5369:
5365:
5364:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5349:
5348:
5344:
5343:
5339:
5335:
5331:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5316:
5315:
5311:
5310:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5295:
5294:
5290:
5289:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5274:
5271:
5270:
5266:
5263:
5262:
5256:
5254:
5253:
5249:
5248:
5244:
5241:
5240:
5234:
5232:
5231:
5227:
5226:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5211:
5210:
5206:
5205:
5201:
5198:
5197:
5191:
5189:
5188:
5184:
5183:
5179:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5161:
5157:
5156:
5152:
5151:
5148:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5138:French Guiana
5136:
5133:
5132:
5128:
5127:
5124:
5120:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5102:
5098:
5097:
5093:
5092:
5088:
5085:
5084:
5078:
5076:
5075:
5071:
5070:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5055:
5054:
5050:
5049:
5045:
5042:
5041:
5035:
5033:
5032:
5028:
5027:
5023:
5022:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5003:
5002:
4998:
4997:
4993:
4989:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4971:
4970:
4966:
4965:
4961:
4957:
4954:Smaller folk
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4942:
4941:
4937:
4936:
4932:
4928:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4913:
4912:
4908:
4907:
4903:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4888:
4887:
4886:palo auxiliar
4883:
4882:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4867:
4866:
4862:
4861:
4857:
4854:
4853:
4847:
4845:
4844:
4840:
4839:
4835:
4831:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4816:
4815:
4811:
4810:
4807:
4803:
4799:
4798:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4779:
4775:
4774:
4770:
4769:
4765:
4762:
4761:
4755:
4753:
4752:
4751:
4746:
4745:
4741:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4726:
4725:
4721:
4720:
4716:
4713:
4712:
4706:
4704:
4703:
4699:
4698:
4695:
4691:
4687:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4672:
4671:
4667:
4666:
4662:
4659:
4658:
4652:
4650:
4649:
4645:
4644:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4629:
4628:
4624:
4623:
4619:
4616:
4615:
4609:
4607:
4606:
4602:
4601:
4597:
4594:
4593:
4587:
4585:
4584:
4580:
4579:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4565:
4563:
4562:
4558:
4557:
4553:
4552:
4547:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4529:
4525:
4521:
4520:
4516:
4515:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4500:
4499:
4495:
4494:
4490:
4489:
4484:
4483:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4467:
4466:
4462:
4461:
4458:
4454:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4439:
4438:
4434:
4433:
4429:
4426:
4425:
4419:
4417:
4416:
4412:
4411:
4407:
4404:
4403:
4397:
4395:
4394:
4390:
4389:
4385:
4382:
4381:
4375:
4373:
4372:
4368:
4367:
4363:
4360:
4359:
4353:
4351:
4350:
4346:
4345:
4342:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4324:
4323:
4319:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4298:
4297:
4293:
4292:
4288:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4275:
4274:
4270:
4269:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4232:
4231:
4227:
4226:
4223:
4219:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4204:
4203:
4199:
4198:
4194:
4190:
4189:
4184:
4182:211.221.2-92
4181:
4179:
4178:French Guiana
4176:
4173:
4172:
4171:koupé, tambou
4168:
4167:
4164:
4160:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4143:
4142:
4138:
4137:
4133:
4132:
4127:
4126:Friction drum
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4113:
4112:
4108:
4107:
4103:
4102:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4083:
4078:
4077:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4055:
4051:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4036:
4033:
4032:
4029:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4009:
4008:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3990:
3987:
3986:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3961:
3960:
3956:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3933:
3930:
3929:
3925:
3924:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3905:
3904:
3900:
3899:
3896:
3895:tambou manman
3892:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3877:
3876:
3872:
3871:
3867:
3863:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3847:
3846:
3842:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3823:French Guiana
3821:
3818:
3817:
3813:
3812:
3808:
3805:
3804:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3791:
3790:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3764:
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3759:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3731:
3730:
3726:
3725:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3714:French reel,
3710:
3708:
3705:
3704:
3701:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3683:
3682:
3678:
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3669:
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3600:
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3500:
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3413:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3393:
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3377:
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3372:
3371:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3347:
3344:
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3338:
3337:
3334:
3333:
3328:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3305:
3304:
3303:
3298:
3297:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3276:
3275:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3255:
3254:French Guiana
3252:
3250:, bench drum
3249:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3228:
3227:
3222:
3221:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3200:
3199:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3185:
3183:
3182:
3178:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3163:French Guiana
3161:
3158:
3157:
3156:gragé, tambou
3153:
3152:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3131:
3130:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3109:
3108:
3104:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3090:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3082:
3077:
3076:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3062:
3060:
3059:
3055:
3054:
3051:
3050:tambou manman
3047:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3017:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2996:
2995:
2991:
2988:
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2981:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2973:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2953:
2952:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2935:French Guiana
2933:
2930:
2929:
2925:
2924:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2910:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2902:
2899:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2879:
2878:
2874:
2873:
2868:
2867:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2848:
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2843:
2842:
2839:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2809:
2806:
2805:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2784:
2779:
2777:211.221.2-92
2776:
2774:
2773:French Guiana
2771:
2768:
2767:
2766:foulé, tambou
2763:
2762:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2719:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2690:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2678:
2677:
2673:
2670:
2669:
2663:
2661:
2660:
2656:
2655:
2651:
2650:
2645:
2644:friction drum
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2627:
2626:
2622:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2588:
2587:
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2579:
2578:
2574:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2551:
2546:
2545:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2531:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2505:dibas, tambou
2502:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2479:
2474:
2473:
2469:
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2460:
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2445:
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2435:
2432:
2431:
2425:
2423:
2422:
2418:
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2413:
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2407:
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2402:
2399:
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2395:
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2349:
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2327:
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2323:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2308:
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2303:
2302:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2282:
2281:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2230:
2229:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2130:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2116:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2040:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2009:
2008:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1911:
1909:
1908:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1798:
1794:
1793:
1788:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1771:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1758:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1740:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1715:
1713:
1712:
1711:bonko enchemi
1708:
1707:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1686:
1685:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1643:bonko enchemi
1640:
1639:
1635:
1634:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1579:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1485:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1446:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1399:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1317:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1263:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1210:
1205:
1204:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1115:coco-Africano
1112:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
1002:
997:
993:
990:
988:
985:
982:
978:
975:
974:
971:
967:
964:
962:
959:
956:
953:
952:
949:
945:
942:
940:
937:
934:
931:
930:
927:
923:
920:
918:
915:
912:
911:
907:
906:
902:
899:
898:
892:
890:
889:
885:
884:
880:
877:
876:
870:
868:
867:
863:
862:
858:
855:
854:
848:
846:
845:
841:
840:
836:
833:
832:
831:foulé, tambou
826:
824:
823:
819:
818:
814:
810:
807:, and in the
806:
805:
800:
796:
792:
789:
787:
783:
780:
778:
774:
770:
769:tambou dibass
766:
762:
761:
757:
756:
753:
749:
746:
744:
741:
738:
737:
733:
732:
729:
725:
722:
720:
717:
714:
713:
709:
708:
705:
704:
699:
695:
691:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
661:
657:
656:
653:
649:
648:
643:
640:
638:
635:
632:
629:
628:
624:
620:
617:
615:
612:
609:
608:
604:
603:
599:
596:
595:
589:
587:
586:
582:
581:
577:
576:
571:
568:
566:
563:
560:
559:
555:
554:
550:
546:
543:
541:
538:
535:
534:
530:
529:
526:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
508:
507:
503:
502:
498:
497:
492:
488:
485:
483:
480:
477:
476:
472:
471:
467:
464:
463:
457:
455:
454:
450:
449:
445:
441:
438:
436:
433:
430:
429:
425:
424:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
400:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
381:
380:
376:
375:
370:
366:
362:
358:
355:
353:
350:
347:
346:
342:
341:
337:
334:
333:
327:
325:
324:
320:
319:
315:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
297:
296:
292:
291:
287:
284:
283:
277:
275:
274:
270:
269:
265:
262:
261:
255:
253:
252:
248:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
228:
226:
223:
220:
219:
215:
214:
210:
207:
206:
200:
198:
197:
193:
192:
178:
167:
164:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
149:
148:
145:
136:
131:
129:
124:
122:
117:
116:
113:
109:
107:
102:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
75:French Guiana
72:
68:
64:
63:Caribbean Sea
60:
57:
53:
52:
42:
38:
32:
27:
19:
9263:
9251:. Retrieved
9247:the original
9242:
9233:
9221:. Retrieved
9217:the original
9212:
9203:
9194:
9182:. Retrieved
9173:
9164:
9152:. Retrieved
9148:the original
9143:
9110:
9103:
9091:. Retrieved
9082:
9073:
9054:
9033:. Retrieved
9018:
8998:
8976:. Retrieved
8972:the original
8967:
8945:
8920:. Retrieved
8913:the original
8897:
8891:
8879:. Retrieved
8870:
8861:
8849:. Retrieved
8840:
8831:
8819:. Retrieved
8787:. Retrieved
8778:
8742:(1): 85–94.
8739:
8735:
8694:
8687:
8675:. Retrieved
8660:
8643:
8639:
8633:
8621:. Retrieved
8617:
8590:. Retrieved
8586:the original
8581:
8553:. Retrieved
8549:the original
8544:
8496:
8492:
8454:
8417:
8370:
8366:
8360:
8348:. Retrieved
8344:the original
8339:
8330:
8321:
8289:
8263:
8230:. Retrieved
8194:. Retrieved
8190:the original
8185:
8156:. Retrieved
8152:the original
8147:
8098:
8094:
8071:. Retrieved
8062:
8035:. Retrieved
8028:the original
7993:. Retrieved
7984:
7956:. Retrieved
7952:the original
7947:
7922:
7900:
7869:
7830:cite journal
7821:
7787:
7754:. Retrieved
7745:
7700:
7671:. Retrieved
7667:the original
7662:
7638:
7632:
7623:
7598:November 11,
7596:. Retrieved
7587:
7578:
7569:
7544:. Retrieved
7540:the original
7535:
7487:
7484:African Arts
7483:
7465:
7442:. Retrieved
7438:the original
7434:Paradise Inn
7433:
7410:
7376:
7372:
7324:
7320:
7251:. Retrieved
7247:the original
7242:
7210:. Retrieved
7201:
7150:
7146:
7138:
7104:cite journal
7095:
7072:. Retrieved
7025:
7021:
7015:
7003:. Retrieved
6999:the original
6994:
6985:
6973:. Retrieved
6969:the original
6964:
6954:
6928:
6907:
6889:
6873:
6872:
6865:
6861:
6857:
6843:
6839:
6835:
6828:
6827:
6820:
6816:
6812:
6808:
6794:
6789:
6788:
6777:
6769:
6768:
6742:
6741:
6729:
6728:
6720:
6719:
6712:
6696:
6695:
6672:
6671:
6648:
6647:
6627:
6626:
6614:
6613:
6605:
6604:
6596:
6592:
6576:
6575:
6553:
6550:tres por dos
6549:
6543:
6542:
6518:
6517:
6505:
6504:
6497:
6489:
6474:tres por dos
6473:
6472:
6461:
6453:
6452:
6434:
6429:
6428:
6408:
6407:
6400:tom-tom drum
6383:
6382:
6364:
6357:
6356:
6344:
6343:
6335:
6334:
6309:
6301:
6285:
6284:
6276:
6270:
6245:
6244:
6222:
6221:
6209:
6208:
6200:
6199:
6190:
6176:
6171:
6170:
6150:
6149:
6126:
6125:
6099:
6098:
6088:
6084:
6064:
6063:
6037:
6036:
6025:
6017:
6016:
6005:
5998:super quinto
5997:
5996:
5987:
5973:
5969:
5964:
5963:
5953:
5934:
5925:
5907:
5878:Maroon only:
5877:
5872:
5862:
5844:
5821:
5814:
5797:
5788:
5768:
5767:
5756:
5749:
5738:
5730:
5729:
5721:
5717:
5711:
5695:
5694:
5682:
5681:
5673:
5672:
5650:
5639:
5631:
5630:
5607:
5606:
5595:
5588:
5557:
5546:
5538:
5537:
5528:
5511:
5510:
5498:
5497:
5489:
5488:
5478:
5477:Used in the
5462:
5461:
5449:
5448:
5440:
5439:
5428:
5420:
5419:
5408:
5401:
5394:YaYa TiKongo
5393:
5387:
5383:
5367:
5366:
5346:
5345:
5333:
5329:
5313:
5312:
5292:
5291:
5272:
5260:
5259:
5251:
5250:
5238:
5237:
5229:
5228:
5208:
5207:
5196:playing cast
5195:
5194:
5186:
5185:
5163:
5159:
5155:playing cast
5154:
5153:
5130:
5129:
5122:
5118:
5104:
5100:
5095:
5094:
5082:
5081:
5073:
5072:
5052:
5051:
5039:
5038:
5030:
5029:
5019:
5005:
5000:
4999:
4991:
4987:
4983:211.211.2-7
4973:
4968:
4967:
4959:
4951:211.211.2-7
4939:
4938:
4930:
4925:Larger folk
4922:211.211.2-7
4910:
4909:
4901:
4897:211.211.2-7
4885:
4884:
4864:
4863:
4851:
4850:
4842:
4841:
4833:
4829:
4813:
4812:
4805:
4801:
4795:
4781:
4777:
4772:
4771:
4759:
4758:
4748:
4747:
4723:
4722:
4710:
4709:
4701:
4700:
4693:
4689:
4685:
4669:
4668:
4656:
4655:
4647:
4646:
4626:
4625:
4613:
4612:
4604:
4603:
4591:
4590:
4582:
4581:
4569:
4568:
4560:
4559:
4549:
4545:
4531:
4527:
4523:
4518:
4517:
4497:
4496:
4486:
4480:
4476:211.251.2-7
4464:
4463:
4456:
4452:
4436:
4435:
4423:
4422:
4414:
4413:
4401:
4400:
4392:
4391:
4379:
4378:
4370:
4369:
4357:
4356:
4348:
4347:
4340:
4326:
4321:
4320:
4311:
4296:lélé, tambou
4295:
4294:
4272:
4271:
4264:
4260:
4256:
4252:
4251:drum of the
4248:
4234:
4229:
4228:
4201:
4200:
4193:tambou foulé
4192:
4186:
4170:
4169:
4145:
4140:
4139:
4129:
4110:
4109:
4099:
4080:
4079:
4060:
4053:
4034:
4010:
3992:
3988:
3963:
3958:
3957:
3935:
3931:
3921:
3907:
3902:
3901:
3894:
3890:
3886:211.251.2-7
3874:
3873:
3861:
3844:
3843:
3835:
3831:
3815:
3814:
3802:
3801:
3793:
3792:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3761:
3760:
3752:
3734:
3728:
3727:
3715:
3713:
3706:
3699:
3685:
3680:
3679:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3645:
3629:
3628:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3602:
3586:
3585:
3573:
3572:
3564:
3563:
3556:
3552:
3536:
3535:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3502:
3497:
3496:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3463:
3458:
3457:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3424:
3419:
3418:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3380:French drums
3379:
3374:
3373:
3366:
3362:
3356:
3339:
3330:
3324:
3308:
3300:
3299:
3287:
3286:
3278:
3277:
3271:Sierra Leone
3247:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3224:
3223:
3211:
3210:
3202:
3201:
3189:
3188:
3180:
3179:
3171:
3155:
3154:
3142:
3141:
3133:
3132:
3120:
3119:
3111:
3110:
3102:
3097:211.211.2-7
3079:
3078:
3066:
3065:
3057:
3056:
3049:
3045:
3041:211.251.2-7
3029:
3028:
3020:
3014:
2998:
2997:
2985:
2984:
2976:
2975:
2955:
2954:
2927:
2926:
2914:
2913:
2905:
2904:
2881:
2880:
2870:
2864:
2850:
2845:
2844:
2838:jumbie dance
2823:
2819:
2815:
2803:
2802:
2795:
2788:tambou koupé
2787:
2781:
2765:
2764:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2731:
2727:
2722:
2721:
2709:
2708:
2700:
2699:
2688:
2680:
2679:
2667:
2666:
2658:
2657:
2647:
2629:
2624:
2623:
2614:
2598:
2597:
2585:
2584:
2576:
2575:
2566:
2548:
2547:
2535:
2534:
2526:
2525:
2513:
2512:
2504:
2503:
2494:
2476:
2475:
2465:
2447:
2442:
2441:
2429:
2428:
2420:
2419:
2409:
2393:
2392:
2380:
2379:
2372:
2360:
2359:
2351:
2350:
2338:
2337:
2329:
2328:
2321:
2305:
2304:
2284:
2283:
2272:
2268:
2253:
2241:
2240:
2232:
2231:
2212:
2208:211.221.1-7
2185:
2181:
2177:
2174:super quinto
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2139:
2128:
2121:
2114:
2099:chan, tambou
2098:
2097:
2086:playing cast
2085:
2084:
2076:
2075:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2043:
2042:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2011:
2010:
1998:
1997:
1989:
1988:
1979:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1952:
1951:
1938:
1937:
1929:
1928:
1915:
1914:
1906:
1905:
1895:
1879:
1878:
1870:
1866:
1860:
1856:211.221.2-7
1846:
1841:
1840:
1828:
1814:
1810:
1807:tambou dibas
1806:
1801:
1800:
1790:
1786:
1768:
1767:
1756:
1749:
1738:
1731:
1719:
1718:
1710:
1709:
1697:
1696:
1688:
1687:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1637:
1636:
1608:
1596:
1595:
1587:
1586:
1576:
1560:
1559:
1549:
1527:
1526:
1502:
1501:
1489:
1488:
1480:
1479:
1448:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1424:drum of the
1421:
1407:
1402:
1401:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1372:
1354:
1353:
1341:
1340:
1333:
1321:
1320:
1312:
1311:
1303:
1299:
1285:
1280:
1279:
1267:
1266:
1259:bélé, tambou
1258:
1257:
1247:
1228:
1227:
1213:
1207:
1203:tambour bélé
1201:
1182:
1181:
1173:
1167:
1148:
1147:
1123:
1122:
1114:
1110:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1074:
1073:
1049:
1048:
1040:
1023:
1021:
999:
980:
976:
954:
932:
908:
896:
895:
887:
886:
874:
873:
865:
864:
852:
851:
843:
842:
830:
829:
821:
820:
802:
798:
776:
773:tambou dibas
772:
768:
764:
759:
758:
751:
735:
734:
727:
711:
710:
701:
697:
693:
690:Barrel drums
676:
672:
668:
664:
659:
658:
645:
641:211.222.2-7
630:
606:
605:
593:
592:
584:
583:
573:
557:
556:
532:
531:
525:jumbie dance
510:
505:
504:
494:
490:
474:
473:
461:
460:
452:
451:
443:
427:
426:
419:
415:
411:
407:
406:drum of the
403:
397:
383:
378:
377:
364:
360:
344:
343:
331:
330:
322:
321:
313:
309:211.211.2-7
299:
294:
293:
281:
280:
272:
271:
259:
258:
250:
249:
241:
237:
217:
216:
204:
203:
195:
194:
189:Description
165:
156:Chordophones
103:
54:used in the
48:
46:
26:
9253:December 3,
9055:World Music
8841:Bahamas.com
7824:(1): 65–83.
7098:(1): 40–44.
6975:January 22,
6804:211.22-861
6795:French drum
6778:French reel
6454:tres golpes
6293:Saint Lucia
6264:Kettle drum
6237:Barrel drum
6134:Puerto Rico
5979:Puerto Rico
5950:goblet drum
5876:side drum,
5716:along with
5520:Puerto Rico
5011:Puerto Rico
4791:211.26-813
4605:matrimonial
4457:mother drum
4444:Saint Lucia
4273:lapo kabwit
4244:211.21-814
4235:cotchĂerima
4230:kuchiyeremá
4163:masquerades
4159:Kettle drum
4061:kettle drum
4050:kettle drum
4035:kettle drum
4012:kettle drum
3950:masquerades
3778:chanté siay
3769:Saint Lucia
3707:jumbie drum
3641:211.26-813
3598:211.26-813
3544:Saint Lucia
3537:ich, tambou
3512:211.22-861
3503:French drum
3473:211.22-861
3464:French drum
3434:211.22-861
3425:French drum
3358:grounations
2875:ceremonies
2820:jumbie drum
2816:French reel
2796:French drum
2758:kuchiyeremá
2741:211.21-814
2639:231.13-814
2467:chouval bwa
2405:211.221-92
2361:kuchiyeremá
2352:cotchĂerima
2196:Puerto Rico
2190:Originally
2178:tres golpes
1971:Puerto Rico
1941:(Carriacou)
1891:211.222-92
1865:along with
1787:tambou bèlè
1681:kuchiyeremá
1660:211.21-814
1626:Puerto Rico
1537:Puerto Rico
1438:kuchiyeremá
1417:211.21-814
1395:kuchiyeremá
1371:Afro-Cuban
1088:211.26-813
1028:true conga
1010:Rastafarian
866:bas, tambou
844:bas, tambou
822:bas, tambou
815:Martinique
809:Tamil music
682:Puerto Rico
631:barrel drum
511:jumbie drum
412:kuchiyeremá
393:211.21-814
180:Instrument
9270:Categories
9093:October 8,
8867:"Glossary"
7005:January 4,
6965:Connexions
6898:References
6853:211.211.2
6817:hun-hogĂşlo
6708:212.212.1
6689:work songs
6639:211.212.1
6588:211.211.2
6530:211.221-7
6498:true conga
6420:211.212.1
6416:Guadeloupe
6395:211.212.1
6391:Guadeloupe
6374:211.211.1
6297:211.212.1
6186:211.211.2
6151:tambourine
6138:211.211.2
6111:Guadeloupe
6107:Martinique
6080:211.221.1
6051:St Maarten
6018:supertumba
5935:stave drum
5924:, used in
5922:Snare drum
5918:211.212.1
5908:snare drum
5892:Snare drum
5888:211.212.1
5873:snare drum
5859:Snare drum
5855:211.212.1
5845:snare drum
5833:211.212.1
5822:snare drum
5810:211.212.1
5799:snare drum
5757:snare drum
5575:Cat Island
5386:, used in
5300:St Maarten
5187:playin kya
5160:playin kya
5131:pikin doon
5114:211.21-92
4940:palo menor
4911:palo major
4825:211.212.2
4681:211.211.2
4583:martinique
4541:211.221.2
4537:Guadeloupe
4509:211.212.2
4336:211.21-92
4313:chanté mas
4307:211.211.2
4253:biankomeko
4222:Moore Town
4161:, used in
4134:tradition
3998:Montserrat
3982:dub poetry
3945:211.212.1
3857:211.211.2
3827:211.211.1
3744:Martinique
3740:Guadeloupe
3695:211.21-92
3686:martinique
3557:child drum
3529:hun-hogĂşlo
3459:hun-hogĂşlo
3447:hun-hogĂşlo
3408:hun-hogĂşlo
3314:Guadeloupe
3010:211.211.2
2967:211.211.1
2860:211.211.1
2829:Montserrat
2746:biankomeko
2610:211.221.2
2577:doumbedoum
2562:211.261.2
2558:Guadeloupe
2490:211.212.1
2461:211.222.1
2457:Martinique
2453:Guadeloupe
2448:doumbedoum
2317:211.212.2
2296:211.212.2
2264:211.212.2
2217:fiberglass
2186:true conga
2170:supertumba
2106:Guadeloupe
2055:211.211.2
2023:211.211.2
1975:211.221.2
1824:211.221.2
1782:211.221.2
1778:Guadeloupe
1665:biankomeko
1621:211.211.1
1572:211.212.1
1541:211.221.2
1426:biankomeko
1355:biankomeko
1334:bench drum
1295:211.212.2
1220:work songs
1192:Martinique
1160:211.212.1
1111:tcha-tchás
1103:, used in
1076:batá drums
1066:tambourine
991:211.212.1
970:quadrilles
965:211.212.1
943:211.212.1
921:211.211.2
795:quadrilles
786:Guadeloupe
782:Martinique
777:tambou bas
747:211.221-7
743:Guadeloupe
723:211.212.2
719:Guadeloupe
686:211.221.2
569:211.211.2
516:Montserrat
486:211.221.1
439:211.211.2
408:biankomeko
356:211.211.2
183:Tradition
161:Idiophones
151:Aerophones
47:This is a
18:Dup (drum)
9223:March 10,
9184:March 10,
9154:March 10,
9035:March 13,
8902:cited in
8881:March 10,
8851:March 10,
8821:March 10,
8789:March 10,
8677:March 10,
8623:March 10,
8592:March 10,
8582:Folk Cuba
8555:March 10,
8232:March 10,
8196:March 10,
8158:March 10,
7673:March 10,
7253:March 10,
7243:Folk Cuba
7074:March 10,
6563:211.22.2
6544:tumbadora
6490:tumbadora
6336:tétendóga
6279:) ritual
6142:Long drum
5974:repicador
5838:tuk bands
5750:side drum
5490:repicador
5334:tumbadora
5330:tumbadora
5040:pandereta
5001:pandereta
4992:alcahuete
4956:long drum
4927:long drum
4794:Smallest
4750:Nyabinghi
4614:wacharaca
3978:Nyabinghi
3936:boom boom
3853:Carriacou
3782:jwé dansé
2944:bass drum
2928:gaan doon
2872:Nyabinghi
2213:congueros
2146:tumbadora
2026:Smallest
1962:repicador
1820:Carriacou
1750:boom boom
1546:bass drum
1517:Unstrung
1490:gaan doon
1481:bigi doon
1408:tétendóga
1140:bass drum
1041:tumbadora
1036:211.22.2
1024:tumbadora
1001:Nyabinghi
996:bass drum
977:bass drum
955:bass drum
948:tuk bands
933:bass drum
910:bass drum
673:repicador
300:alcagĂĽete
295:alcahuete
282:alcahuete
273:alcagĂĽete
234:bass drum
91:trap sets
9178:Archived
9140:"Kaseko"
9087:Archived
9029:Archived
8978:March 4,
8964:"Kumina"
8922:March 4,
8875:Archived
8845:Archived
8815:Archived
8783:Archived
8779:Frommers
8671:Archived
8646:: 1–22.
8541:"Tanbou"
8226:Archived
8073:March 4,
8067:Archived
8037:March 4,
7995:March 4,
7989:Archived
7958:March 4,
7750:Archived
7592:Archived
7546:March 6,
7212:March 9,
7206:Archived
7068:Archived
7028:: 3–29.
6866:cachimbo
6730:timbales
6721:tymbales
6680:Dominica
6635:Barbados
6584:Suriname
6365:tymbales
6359:timbales
6162:212.211
6076:Dominica
6055:211.222
5914:Suriname
5864:comparsa
5861:used in
5829:Barbados
5776:Suriname
5661:211.222
5512:requinto
5463:repeater
5441:repeater
5421:repeater
5396:rhythms
5325:211.221
5279:Barbados
5239:kromanti
5230:prenting
5216:Suriname
5053:panderos
4778:ikĂłnkolo
4773:okĂłnkolo
4694:cachimbo
4561:marqueur
4528:marqueur
4498:marassas
4303:Dominica
4280:Dominica
4202:kromanti
4111:kinfuiti
4104:culture
4095:211–864
4002:211.221
3866:Big Drum
3832:kanmougé
3773:211.221
3748:211.221
3672:tchaworo
3668:chaguoro
3656:okĂłnkolo
3644:Largest
3613:okĂłnkolo
3574:okĂłnkolo
3565:ikĂłnkolo
2833:211.311
2646:used in
2373:cut drum
2306:conguito
2202:and the
2154:requinto
2122:circular
2064:cachimbo
2058:Largest
2012:cachimbo
1999:buleador
1990:burlador
1966:burlador
1953:buleador
1833:Big Drum
1578:comparsa
1514:211.321
1450:Big Drum
1239:Dominica
1232:, tambou
1101:okĂłnkolo
1061:211.311
981:repeater
939:Barbados
790:211.311
694:buleador
665:buleador
660:barriles
575:bamboula
558:bamboula
549:merengue
520:211.311
453:atabales
352:Suriname
332:okĂłnkolo
229:211.212
225:Suriname
71:Suriname
49:list of
9170:"Music"
8756:1215000
8387:1519967
7659:"Bomba"
7588:Bonaire
7504:3334803
6697:tymbale
6665:Maroons
6615:toombah
6492:family
6485:211.22
6430:toombah
6319:Jamaica
6302:séwinal
6260:211.11
6182:Curaçao
6127:tambour
6085:baboula
6072:Grenada
6039:tambora
5983:211.22
5965:subidor
5884:Jamaica
5825:kettle
5806:Bermuda
5769:skratji
5731:segundo
5632:salidor
5622:211.22
5571:Bahamas
5539:ricardo
5524:211.25
5499:subidor
5470:Jamaica
5304:211.31
5261:subidor
5169:Jamaica
5147:Maroons
5031:pandero
5006:pandero
4974:atabale
4876:211.12
4852:oumalay
4814:oumalay
4802:itĂłtele
4742:family
4570:markeur
4519:markeur
4424:markeur
4380:markeur
4349:loangue
4327:loangue
4257:arobapá
4218:Maroons
4213:211.21
4209:Jamaica
4155:211.11
4131:Kimbisa
4122:231.12
4101:Kimbisa
4082:Kimbisa
4071:211.11
4045:211.11
4041:Bermuda
4023:211.11
3973:211.21
3969:Jamaica
3913:Jamaica
3836:mayouri
3786:jwé gém
3716:balaban
3664:fardela
3652:itĂłtele
3621:fardela
3587:itĂłtele
3346:Jamaica
3262:211.31
3258:Jamaica
3244:goombay
3240:goombah
3236:goombeh
3134:goombey
3112:goombay
3103:goombay
3089:Bahamas
3081:goombay
3058:goombah
3016:goombay
3006:Bermuda
2948:Maroons
2893:211.21
2856:Jamaica
2754:arobapá
2689:arobapá
2606:Grenada
2496:chutney
2411:kalenda
2273:oumalay
2182:salidor
2162:ricardo
1897:kalenda
1677:arobapá
1434:arobapá
1391:arobapá
1304:oumalay
1209:kalenda
1097:itĂłtele
1043:family
987:Jamaica
961:Grenada
698:subidor
677:subidor
623:herring
618:211.22
506:balaban
482:Grenada
475:baboula
428:assotor
379:arobapá
205:chekere
87:Bermuda
9118:
9061:
9006:
8754:
8706:
8513:779398
8511:
8463:
8429:
8385:
8296:
8115:779395
8113:
7877:
7796:
7502:
7167:849985
7165:
7042:842168
7040:
6935:
6916:
6864:, and
6836:makuta
6770:woowoo
6758:Abakua
6628:tumtum
6606:tumtum
6597:apinti
6566:Cuban
6554:quinto
6435:tumtum
6409:tombas
6277:Hosein
6268:Muslim
6223:tanbou
6210:tambou
6201:tanbou
6100:tambou
6093:dance
6090:belair
6065:tambou
5927:kaseko
5902:music
5900:Maroon
5815:gombey
5790:kaseko
5785:cymbal
5724:drums
5722:manman
5707:211-7
5674:second
5577:only)
5559:ripsaw
5402:rattle
5314:quinto
5178:Kumina
5119:loango
5064:211.3
5015:211.3
4865:pailas
4836:drums
4638:211.3
4551:gwo ka
4393:makuta
4358:loango
4322:loango
4249:enkomo
4247:Small
4188:kaseko
4151:Guyana
4141:kittle
4054:gombey
3989:kettle
3923:Kumina
3903:kbandu
3875:katabo
3803:tambou
3735:gwo ka
3302:gwo ka
3279:gumbay
3267:Maroon
3265:Small
3248:gombay
3232:gumbay
3203:gumbay
3190:gwo ka
3181:groska
3167:211.3
3046:katabo
3021:gombey
2999:gombey
2977:gombay
2942:Large
2906:fundeh
2889:Guyana
2851:fundeh
2824:woowoo
2783:kaseko
2756:, and
2723:enkomo
2710:enkomo
2681:endĂłga
2668:enkomo
2649:Abakuá
2616:parang
2550:djembe
2478:dholak
2421:cutter
2394:cutter
2277:Guyana
2225:ripsaw
2158:quinto
1873:drums
1871:manman
1792:gwo ka
1739:kettle
1679:, and
1669:enkomo
1630:Guyana
1561:bombos
1436:, and
1422:enkomo
1420:Small
1393:, and
1383:enkomo
1374:Abakuá
1306:drums
1215:danmyé
1212:, and
1174:Hosein
1165:Muslim
1149:baydum
1131:Guyana
1106:Lucumi
1016:music
1014:Maroon
1008:, and
804:gwo ka
594:kbandu
533:balsié
499:dance
496:belair
491:tambou
444:foulas
404:enkomo
399:Abakuá
384:endĂłga
345:apinti
238:apinti
85:, and
79:Belize
67:Guyana
9286:Drums
8916:(PDF)
8909:(PDF)
8752:JSTOR
8509:JSTOR
8423:24–36
8383:JSTOR
8111:JSTOR
8031:(PDF)
8024:(PDF)
7500:JSTOR
7163:JSTOR
7038:JSTOR
6947:Notes
6881:Haiti
6874:zesse
6840:ngoma
6813:hugán
6809:Arada
6790:xumpé
6713:assot
6704:Haiti
6593:agida
6577:tumao
6568:conga
6535:conga
6519:tumba
6462:conga
6345:biapá
6311:tenor
6272:Hosay
6247:tassa
6230:Haiti
6192:tambĂş
6177:tambu
6172:tambĂş
6158:Haiti
6026:conga
6006:conga
5989:bomba
5970:primo
5958:drum
5739:conga
5718:boula
5703:Haiti
5696:segon
5683:segon
5640:conga
5589:round
5547:conga
5530:plena
5480:Burru
5389:petwo
5375:Haiti
5354:Haiti
5340:drum
5338:conga
5252:primo
5209:podya
5110:Haiti
5105:PĂ©tro
5101:conga
5096:petwo
5083:petwo
5074:PĂ©tro
5021:plena
4969:palos
4960:palos
4931:palos
4902:palos
4843:omele
4834:conga
4830:bembe
4782:amelé
4740:conga
4702:ngoma
4657:segon
4648:moyen
4627:mongĂł
4546:boula
4524:makyé
4505:Haiti
4488:petwo
4472:Haiti
4415:makyé
4341:petwo
4332:Haiti
4261:biapá
3964:akete
3908:bandu
3891:gonde
3882:Haiti
3862:boula
3700:petwo
3691:Haiti
3525:xumpé
3521:hugán
3517:Arada
3486:xumpé
3482:hugán
3478:Arada
3443:xumpé
3439:Arada
3420:hugán
3404:xumpé
3400:hugán
3396:Arada
3363:funde
3326:lewoz
3288:gumbe
3226:gumbe
3212:gumbe
3172:gragé
3143:gumbe
3121:gumbe
3067:gumbe
3037:Haiti
3030:gonde
2986:gumbe
2963:Haiti
2956:ganbo
2915:funde
2882:funde
2866:Burru
2846:funde
2750:biapá
2732:enĂłmo
2659:enĂłmo
2322:conga
2285:conga
2269:bembe
2254:conga
2242:petwo
2233:conga
2221:salsa
2200:Haiti
2192:Cuban
2150:tumba
2141:conga
1981:bomba
1958:primo
1939:boula
1930:bulla
1916:boula
1880:boula
1867:segon
1852:Haiti
1842:boula
1811:bulla
1802:boula
1770:boula
1689:bonko
1673:biapá
1651:boncĂł
1647:bonko
1610:bongo
1588:boncĂł
1551:bomba
1529:bomba
1519:banjo
1503:biola
1430:biapá
1403:biapá
1387:biapá
1342:gumbe
1322:bemba
1313:bembe
1300:conga
1286:bembe
1281:bemba
1169:Hosay
1124:batta
1057:Haiti
1050:basse
1022:bass
799:ladja
765:boula
703:bomba
669:primo
585:bandu
462:palos
435:Haiti
416:biapá
369:tenor
365:tumao
361:agida
323:amelé
314:palos
251:akete
242:tumao
218:agida
95:drums
41:Conga
9255:2005
9225:2007
9186:2007
9156:2007
9116:ISBN
9095:2010
9059:ISBN
9037:2008
9004:ISBN
8980:2007
8924:2007
8883:2007
8853:2007
8823:2007
8791:2007
8704:ISBN
8679:2007
8625:2007
8594:2007
8557:2007
8461:ISBN
8427:ISBN
8352:2005
8294:ISBN
8234:2007
8198:2007
8160:2007
8075:2007
8039:2007
7997:2007
7960:2007
7875:ISBN
7843:help
7794:ISBN
7758:2005
7675:2007
7600:2006
7548:2007
7446:2005
7255:2007
7214:2008
7117:help
7076:2007
7007:2007
6977:2007
6933:ISBN
6914:ISBN
6862:mula
6858:caja
6849:Cuba
6830:yuka
6821:hunĂ
6819:and
6800:Cuba
6776:See
6750:Cuba
6727:See
6612:See
6595:and
6559:Cuba
6526:Cuba
6503:See
6481:Cuba
6460:See
6370:Cuba
6342:See
6313:drum
6207:See
6109:and
6074:and
6024:See
6004:See
5955:batá
5941:Cuba
5898:and
5851:Cuba
5755:See
5737:See
5720:and
5713:rada
5680:See
5638:See
5618:Saba
5611:drum
5609:Saba
5594:See
5569:and
5561:drum
5545:See
5514:drum
5496:See
5450:kété
5447:See
5427:See
5407:See
5392:and
5368:ralé
5347:rada
5321:Cuba
5293:pump
5273:pump
5258:See
5236:See
5193:See
5164:cast
5123:juba
5121:and
5080:See
5037:See
4990:and
4988:palo
4849:See
4832:and
4804:and
4797:batá
4787:Cuba
4760:kété
4757:See
4731:Cuba
4724:niño
4711:yuka
4708:See
4692:and
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4686:yuka
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4670:mula
4654:See
4611:See
4592:juba
4589:See
4567:See
4532:maké
4482:rada
4453:Kélé
4421:See
4402:yuka
4399:See
4377:See
4371:maké
4355:See
4259:and
4240:Cuba
4146:boom
4118:Cuba
4091:Cuba
4085:drum
3993:boom
3959:kété
3893:and
3845:kata
3834:and
3800:See
3784:and
3742:and
3712:See
3681:juba
3654:and
3647:batá
3637:Cuba
3611:and
3604:batá
3594:Cuba
3571:See
3553:Kélé
3527:and
3508:Cuba
3498:hunĂ
3490:hunĂ
3488:and
3469:Cuba
3451:hunĂ
3449:and
3430:Cuba
3412:hunĂ
3410:and
3385:Cuba
3367:kété
3365:and
3340:harp
3332:zouk
3285:See
3256:and
3209:See
3187:See
3140:See
3118:See
3091:and
3064:See
3048:and
2983:See
2912:See
2801:See
2737:Cuba
2728:enko
2707:See
2701:enko
2687:See
2665:See
2635:Cuba
2630:ecue
2625:ekué
2583:See
2533:See
2511:See
2455:and
2430:kata
2427:See
2381:kata
2378:See
2358:See
2339:kata
2336:See
2271:and
2239:See
2166:niño
2127:See
2083:See
2077:cast
2068:mula
2066:and
2060:yuka
2051:Cuba
2044:caja
2036:mula
2034:and
2032:caja
2028:yuka
2019:Cuba
1996:See
1936:See
1913:See
1907:bula
1869:and
1862:rada
1847:bula
1829:kata
1815:bula
1755:See
1737:See
1732:boom
1717:See
1695:See
1656:Cuba
1617:Cuba
1594:See
1568:Cuba
1510:Cuba
1487:See
1463:and
1413:Cuba
1381:and
1362:Cuba
1339:See
1319:See
1302:and
1265:See
1249:bélé
1230:bélé
1184:bélé
1099:and
1084:Cuba
1032:Cuba
1012:and
894:See
872:See
850:See
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647:batá
637:Cuba
607:bari
591:See
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389:Cuba
363:and
329:See
279:See
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257:See
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202:See
196:agbe
104:The
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6684:22
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