4857:, if the combination of vowel letters may be either mistaken for a digraph or interpreted in more than one way: "geïnd" (collected), "geüpload" (uploaded), "egoïstisch" (egoistic), "sympathieën" (sympathies, preferences), coördinaat (coordinate), "reëel" (realistic), "zeeën" (seas), "met z'n tweeën" (two together; the two of them) and even until 1996 "zeeëend" (sea duck; now spelled "zee-eend"). On a line break that separates the vowels but keeps parts of a digraph together, the diaeresis becomes redundant and so is not written: ego-/istisch, sympathie-/en, re-/eel, zee-/en, met z'n twee-/en. The rule can be extended to names, such as "Michaëlla", e.g.
450:
389:
4585:
4237:). However, because final consonants are always devoiced, there is no difference in pronunciation between these in the participle. Nonetheless, in accordance with the above rules, the orthography operates as if the consonant were still voiced. The same dental consonant letter is spelled in the past participle as in the past tense forms in which it is not word-final. To help memorise when to write
5021:
4095:
2689:
2529:
36:
3494:
writing double letters only when necessary. Consequently, some forms of the same word may be written with single letters while others are written with double letters. Such alternations commonly occur between the singular and plural of a noun or between the infinitive and the conjugated forms of verbs. Examples of alternations are shown below. Note that free
138:
4609:, the acute accent on the j is frequently omitted in typing (resulting in íj instead of íj́), as putting an acute accent on a j is still problematic in most word processing software. If the vowel is written as more than two letters, the accent is put on the first two vowel letters – except when the first letter is a capital one. According to the
2772:
Later in Middle Dutch, the distinction between short and long consonants started to disappear. That made it possible for short vowels to appear in open syllables once again. Because there was no longer a phonetic distinction between single and double consonants (they were both pronounced short now),
2768:
The spelling system used by early Middle Dutch scribes accounted for that by indicating the vowel length only when it was necessary (sometimes by doubling the vowel but also in other ways). As the length was implicit in open syllables, it was not indicated there, and only a single vowel was written.
3927:
As a rule, the simplest representation is always chosen. A double vowel is never written in an open syllable, and a double consonant is never written at the end of a word or when next to another consonant. A double vowel is rarely followed by a double consonant, as it could be simplified by writing
364:
The
Spelling Act gives the Committee of Ministers of the Dutch Language Union the authority to determine the spelling of Dutch by ministerial decision. In addition, the law requires that this spelling be followed "at the governmental bodies, at educational institutions funded from the public purse,
2785:
is important in Dutch spelling. A checked vowel is one that is followed by a consonant in the same syllable (the syllable is closed) while a free vowel ends the syllable (the syllable is open). This distinction can apply to pronunciation or spelling independently, but a syllable that is checked in
3493:
The length of a vowel generally does not change in the pronunciation of different forms of a word. However, in different forms of a word, a syllable may alternate between checked and free depending on the syllable that follows. The spelling rules nonetheless follow the simplest representation,
2765:, short vowels were lengthened when they stood in open syllables. Short vowels could now occur only in closed syllables. Consonants could still be long in pronunciation and acted to close the preceding syllable. Therefore, any short vowel that was followed by a long consonant remained short.
4155:
Final devoicing is not indicated in Dutch spelling; words are usually spelled according to the historically original consonant. Therefore, a word may be written with a letter for a voiced consonant at the end of a word but still be pronounced with a voiceless consonant:
3147:
When a vowel is short/lax but is free in pronunciation, the spelling is made checked by doubling the following consonant, so that the vowel is kept short according to the default rules. That has no effect on pronunciation, as modern Dutch does not have long consonants:
2847:
is always short/lax. The following table shows the pronunciation of the same three-letter sequence in different situations, with hyphens indicating the syllable divisions in the written form, and the IPA period to indicate them in the spoken form:
368:
The Decree on the
Spelling Regulations of 2005–2006 contains the annexed spelling rules decided by the Committee of Ministers on 25 April 2005. This decree entered into force on 1 August 2006, replacing the Spelling Decree of 19 June 1996.
2760:
possessed phonemic consonant length in addition to phonemic vowel length, with no correspondence between them. Thus, long vowels could appear in closed syllables, and short vowels could occur in open syllables. In the transition to early
4255:
ends with one of the consonants of "'t kofschip" (-t, -k, -f, -s, -ch or -p), the past tense dental is a -t-; otherwise, it is a -d-. However, the rule also applies to loanwords ending in -c, -q or -x, as these are also voiceless.
4979:(embarrassing) it is indecisive, the official spelling has the accent, but the Genootschap Onze also allows the spelling without the accent since it makes no difference to the pronunciation. The circumflex accent is also used the
4602:
Acute accents may be used to emphasise a word in a phrase, on the vowel in the stressed syllable. If the vowel is written as a digraph, an acute accent is put on both parts of the digraph. Although that rule includes
4572:(trema) to disambiguate diphthongs/triphthongs. Occasionally, other diacritics are used in loanwords and native onomatopoeic words. Accents are not necessarily placed on capital letters (for example, the word
2773:
Dutch writers started to use double consonants to indicate that the preceding vowel was short even when the consonant had not been long in the past. That eventually led to the modern Dutch spelling system.
2769:
Long consonants were indicated usually by doubling the consonant letter, which meant that a short vowel was always followed by at least two consonant letters or by just one consonant at the end of a word.
4425:
are also written at the end of a syllable that is not final. The pronunciation remains voiced even if the spelling shows a voiceless consonant. This is most common in the past tense forms of weak verbs:
3962:
Compounds should be read as if each word were spelled separately, and they may therefore appear to violate the normal rules. That may sometimes cause confusion if the word is not known to be a compound.
3814:
There are some irregular nouns that change their vowel from short/lax in the singular to long/tense in the plural. Their spelling does not alternate between single and double letters. However, the sound
3198:
When a vowel is long/tense but still checked in pronunciation, it is necessarily checked in spelling as well. A change is thus needed to indicate the length, which is done by doubling the vowel. Doubled
361:, the official spelling is regulated by the Spelling Act of 15 September 2005. This came into force on 22 February 2006, replacing the Act on the Spelling of the Dutch Language of 14 February 1947.
184:
7806:
365:
as well as at the exams for which legal requirements have been established". In other cases, it is recommended, but it is not mandatory to follow the official spelling.
6630:
1720:
The following additional letters and pronunciations appear in non-native vocabulary or words using older, obsolete spellings (often conserved in proper names):
937:
Dutch uses the following letters and letter combinations. For simplicity, dialectal variation and subphonemic distinctions are not always indicated. See
4861:. The diaeresis is only used in derivational suffixes since 1996; compounds are written with a hyphen, for example "auto-ongeluk" (car accident).
329:
5383:
3139:). Short vowels, not followed by any consonant, do not normally exist in Dutch, and there is no normal way to indicate them in the spelling.
4538:
Some modern loanwords and new coinages do not follow these rules. However, these words tend to not follow the other spelling rules as well:
7716:
6623:
349:. The spelling system is issued by government decree and is compulsory for all government documentation and educational establishments.
5339:, the letter immediately following a word-initial apostrophe is not capitalised. If necessary, the second word is capitalised instead:
4952:, pronounced was once upon a time written Enschedé, but later the acute accent fell off without changing the pronunciation, which has
5042:
4479:
Compare this to verbs in which the final consonant is underlyingly voiceless. Here, the dental assimilation rule calls for the ending
4116:
2710:
2550:
53:
5068:
4142:
3931:
The past tense of verbs may have a double vowel, followed by a double consonant, to distinguish those forms from the present tense.
2736:
2576:
944:
The following list shows letters and combinations, along with their pronunciations, found in modern native or nativised vocabulary:
119:
3135:
The same rule applies to word-final vowels, which are always long because they are not followed by any consonant (but see below on
100:
6899:
6616:
6591:
2608:
2175:
1738:
1302:
962:
72:
6684:
5046:
4120:
2714:
2554:
57:
6674:
6654:
449:
79:
7700:
6669:
6105:
occur as independent phonemes only in words of foreign origin. The sounds are approximated using the "native" spellings
5363:
7509:
6848:
322:
6575:
6454:
5031:
4105:
2699:
2539:
6689:
6664:
4234:
280:
86:
7531:
5050:
5035:
4124:
4109:
2749:
Vowel length is always indicated but in different ways by using an intricate system of single and double letters.
2718:
2703:
2558:
2543:
46:
7639:
7174:
7042:
6977:
4074:
2781:
Modern Dutch spelling still retains many of the details of the late Middle Dutch system. The distinction between
1051:
6582:
De grondbeginselen der
Nederlandsche spelling. Regeling der spelling voor het woordenboek der Nederlandsche taal
6576:
De grondbeginselen der
Nederlandsche spelling. Ontwerp der spelling voor het aanstaande Nederlandsch Woordenboek
5507:
7084:
4485:, which gives away the voicelessness of the previous sound even if the spelling of that sound itself does not:
1067:
435:
404:
303:
257:
163:
6177:
according to the
English pronunciation, or speakers may attempt to pronounce dental fricatives, as in English.
4349:
For historic reasons, in native words they are never preceded by a short/lax vowel and so never occur doubled.
68:
7801:
7757:
7600:
7047:
6886:
6706:
6694:
6679:
6597:
5332:) has decided to retain the more formal orthography of its name for common communication like road signing.
2782:
1260:
262:
7762:
7705:
7664:
7339:
7162:
6949:
6911:
6378:
6370:
6354:
6338:
6314:
6310:
6306:
6290:
6210:
6206:
6190:
6174:
6170:
6166:
6147:
6102:
6098:
6080:
6076:
6061:
6037:
6033:
6005:
5945:
5903:
5899:
5880:
5876:
5872:
5840:
5823:
5819:
5815:
5781:
5771:
5767:
5751:
5711:
5656:
5531:
4957:
4531:
4518:
4507:
4494:
4472:
4459:
4448:
4435:
4410:
4401:
4390:
4381:
4357:
4353:
4214:
4205:
4194:
4185:
4174:
4165:
4037:
4006:
3993:
3974:
3970:
3956:
3943:
3915:
3908:
3897:
3890:
3879:
3872:
3861:
3854:
3843:
3836:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3805:
3794:
3784:
3778:
3767:
3757:
3749:
3738:
3728:
3722:
3711:
3701:
3693:
3682:
3672:
3666:
3655:
3639:
3628:
3618:
3612:
3601:
3591:
3583:
3572:
3562:
3556:
3545:
3535:
3495:
3481:
3477:
3468:
3464:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3422:
3406:
3393:
3382:
3373:
3362:
3353:
3329:
3321:
3312:
3303:
3293:
3285:
3266:
3255:
3248:
3237:
3230:
3219:
3212:
3191:
3182:
3173:
3164:
3155:
3121:
3117:
3103:
3094:
3084:
3078:
3070:
3059:
3050:
3040:
3034:
3026:
3015:
3006:
2996:
2990:
2982:
2971:
2962:
2952:
2946:
2938:
2927:
2918:
2908:
2902:
2894:
2832:
2822:
2810:
2797:
2598:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2486:
2470:
2466:
2454:
2442:
2430:
2406:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2374:
2355:
2339:
2335:
2323:
2307:
2303:
2291:
2287:
2271:
2255:
2243:
2223:
2219:
2207:
2150:
2146:
2134:
2122:
2117:
2113:
2101:
2089:
2084:
2080:
2065:
2053:
2038:
2026:
2014:
2010:
2005:
1990:
1978:
1974:
1962:
1950:
1935:
1923:
1919:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1894:
1879:
1867:
1862:
1858:
1846:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1798:
1783:
1771:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1708:
1691:
1679:
1667:
1660:
1648:
1636:
1624:
1607:
1595:
1583:
1571:
1559:
1552:
1538:
1534:
1529:
1517:
1505:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1471:
1459:
1447:
1435:
1423:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1397:
1385:
1373:
1361:
1344:
1332:
1325:
1274:
1258:
1243:
1228:
1216:
1204:
1199:
1195:
1183:
1171:
1159:
1147:
1135:
1123:
1111:
1099:
1084:
1065:
1049:
1042:
1040:
1028:
1016:
1011:
999:
987:
982:
315:
180:
5677:
7780:
7471:
7262:
7074:
6816:
6778:
6758:
6753:
4980:
4850:
4634:
4569:
420:
5543:
5286:
4858:
4661:
Additionally, the acute accent may also be used to mark different meanings of various words, including
4637:
states that accents can be put on capital letters whenever the need arises, but makes an exception for
7772:
7672:
7329:
7244:
7134:
7052:
7034:
6921:
5378:
4854:
6414:
7734:
7729:
7649:
7559:
7544:
7438:
7306:
7289:
7249:
7027:
6999:
6972:
6967:
6944:
6926:
6891:
6876:
6783:
6771:
6743:
6738:
5373:
2786:
pronunciation will always be checked in spelling as well (except in some unassimilated loanwords).
380:
Establishing the Rules of the
Official Spelling and Grammar of the Dutch language of 30 June 2006.
6608:
5659:. However, when it is used in common speech and/or the need arises to distinguish the letter from
7724:
7417:
7404:
7257:
7079:
7059:
7012:
6989:
6881:
6871:
6748:
6728:
6723:
6715:
6643:
4666:
377:
93:
7682:
7677:
7592:
7279:
7269:
7222:
7217:
7212:
7109:
7096:
6994:
6916:
6863:
6853:
6838:
6821:
5631:
4964:
4230:
231:
3340:
in some loanwords), as an exception to the normal rules. That means that a word-final single
7605:
7582:
7521:
7516:
7487:
7461:
7384:
7379:
7374:
7359:
7354:
7349:
7334:
7321:
7311:
7236:
7196:
7142:
7119:
7104:
7069:
7064:
7022:
6959:
6936:
6806:
6793:
6766:
4913:
is always written without an accent, but sometimes an accent is used to distinguish between
7749:
7692:
7654:
7628:
7624:
7504:
7492:
7479:
7451:
7446:
7427:
7422:
7364:
7344:
7294:
7284:
7152:
7114:
7007:
6831:
6811:
6801:
6124:
6017:
6013:
5684:
5591:
5081:
As in
English, an apostrophe is used to mark omission of a part of word or several words:
938:
294:
7499:
6982:
6479:
7577:
7539:
7456:
7412:
7389:
7369:
7299:
7274:
7124:
6904:
6826:
5574:, but they may also appear in words and names that reflect older spelling conventions.
4078:
400:
346:
236:
6503:
388:
7795:
7572:
7549:
7394:
7167:
7147:
6843:
6515:
6313:
in French loanwords. In archaic Dutch spellings, mostly proper nouns, it may also be
5358:
4644:
Stress on a short vowel, written with only one letter, is occasionally marked with a
217:
189:
153:
5482:
5456:
5430:
5404:
7739:
7567:
6561:
6169:
in words of Greek origin. In
English loanwords, it is most often approximated with
5662:
5608:
5368:
4929:
4874:
4870:
4645:
4605:
4565:
4346:
They are permitted only at the start of a syllable in native words, not at the end.
2762:
880:
469:
424:
285:
173:
6603:
6581:
4879:
3433:
Because the position of the stress in a polysyllabic word is not indicated in the
3418:
6429:
7644:
7191:
6639:
5020:
4584:
4094:
3284:
indicates short and long e but is also used to indicate the neutral schwa sound
2688:
2528:
358:
35:
5328:
Contrary to the city of Den Haag, 's-Hertogenbosch (also known colloquially as
6318:
4670:
4576:
at the beginning of a sentence) unless the whole word is written in capitals.
4221:
Weak verbs form their past tense and past participle by addition of a dental,
17:
6455:"Accenttekens en andere diakritische tekens op hoofdletters - Taaladvies.net"
7616:
6562:
Dutch
Orthography: A Systematic Investigation of the Spelling of Dutch Words
5571:
5320:
5303:
5268:
5004:
3438:
2757:
2589:
2165:
1728:
1292:
952:
416:
5614:
behaves like a separate letter for capitalisation. In alphabetical order,
7157:
6322:
5336:
4949:
4614:
4610:
3434:
373:
5948:
in
Spanish loanwords, as a postalveolar in loanwords from other sources.
3389:
7186:
6209:
in words of German or Italian origin. In Italian words, it may also be
5971:
5836:
5689:
4877:
words, generally when pronunciation would be wrong without it, such as
4084:
3116:
is fairly rare and is mostly confined to loanwords and names. As tense
241:
7634:
7179:
393:
376:, the same spelling rules are currently applied by the Decree of the
4590:
4251:" ("the merchant ship is loaded with tea"). If the verb stem in the
6083:
finally in older Dutch spellings, which are now spelled with just
5595:
4654:
4583:
4052:
to avoid having a double vowel at the end of a syllable. The word
2666:
2161:
1288:
448:
412:
387:
6565:, Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen, Doctoral dissertation, 1998.
3397:
6612:
4372:
Then, therefore, final devoicing is reflected in the spelling:
4056:
itself has a double vowel because of the exception with final -
5014:
4088:
2682:
2522:
131:
29:
4932:
are also used in many loanwords (mainly from French) such as
434:
is the most frequently used letter in the Dutch alphabet, as
4983:
and so in general Dutch as well if there is no translation.
3288:
in unstressed syllables. Because the schwa is always short,
6587:
5481:
Koninkrijksrelaties, Ministerie van Binnenlandse Zaken en.
5455:
Koninkrijksrelaties, Ministerie van Binnenlandse Zaken en.
5429:
Koninkrijksrelaties, Ministerie van Binnenlandse Zaken en.
5403:
Koninkrijksrelaties, Ministerie van Binnenlandse Zaken en.
4027:("twenty"). If it were not a compound, it would be written
3410:
3292:
is never followed by a double consonant when it represents
2601:'gift' (from French) (this word is also informally written
5622:(usual for telephone directories), or it may come between
6542:, Doctoraalscriptie, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, 1985.
6533:
Spelling en Lezen. Hoe Tragisch Zijn de Werkwoordsvormen?
916:
901:
865:
850:
835:
820:
805:
790:
771:
752:
737:
722:
707:
692:
673:
658:
639:
624:
609:
594:
579:
564:
549:
534:
519:
504:
477:
463:
455:
6373:
in loanwords from French. In English loanwords, such as
4685:(far-reaching/issuing), as shown in the examples below.
4031:
to avoid having a double vowel at the end of a syllable.
5544:
Standard Dutch pronunciation guide by P.C. Paardekooper
4048:("do"). If it were not a compound, it would be written
5929:
is found in words from French or occasionally Spanish.
6079:
is used mostly in words of German origin. It is also
7771:
7748:
7714:
7691:
7663:
7614:
7591:
7558:
7530:
7470:
7436:
7403:
7320:
7235:
7205:
7133:
7095:
6958:
6935:
6862:
6792:
6714:
6705:
5534:
is also used, and sometimes the two are even mixed.
5431:"Wet voorschriften schrijfwijze Nederlandsche taal"
5007:, is also well known, at least in the Netherlands.
4258:
3441:. Some pairs of words are spelled identically, but
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
5003:, the official (and Frisian) name of the province
5457:"Besluit bekendmaking spellingvoorschriften 2005"
4967:is also used in some French loanwords, including
4658:. However, it is technically incorrect to do so.
4360:occur at the end of a syllable, they are written
3996:. If it were not a compound, it would be written
2843:is always long/tense. A vowel that is checked in
179:for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate
2852:Pronunciation of checked and free single vowels
2655:- in French loanwords are written with a single
392:The Dutch alphabet in 1560, still including the
6594:, 2015) by the Dutch Language Union (Taalunie)
6415:Onze Taal: Accenten op hoofdletters (in Dutch)
4613:, accents on capital letters are used only in
3506:Spelling alternation between free and checked
27:Spelling and punctuation of the Dutch language
6624:
6554:Taal als mensenwerk. Het ontstaan van het ABN
6401:. It is also an obsolete spelling variant of
6264:. In Latin words, it is treated identical to
6193:between vowels, usually in southern dialects.
5739:
5737:
5735:
4617:and in loanwords. So, it is correct to write
2607:, but this spelling is not recognized by the
323:
8:
5750:, when unstressed, are sometimes pronounced
5630:(which is common in dictionaries). In Dutch
4873:is used in some French loanwords and native
2593:
6430:"Klemtoonteken (algemeen) - Taaladvies.net"
6424:
6422:
6129:
5785:
5775:
5724:
5706:
5668:
5343:
5049:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
4920:
4914:
4908:
4831:
4819:
4807:
4795:
4775:
4763:
4744:
4728:
4712:
4696:
4551:
4545:
4539:
4522:
4513:
4498:
4489:
4480:
4463:
4454:
4439:
4430:
4405:
4396:
4385:
4376:
4311:
4301:
4289:
4279:
4246:
4209:
4200:
4189:
4180:
4169:
4160:
4123:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
4022:
4016:
4010:
3984:
3978:
3903:
3885:
3867:
3849:
3831:
3800:
3789:
3773:
3762:
3744:
3733:
3717:
3706:
3688:
3677:
3661:
3650:
3634:
3623:
3607:
3596:
3578:
3567:
3551:
3540:
3401:
3377:
3368:
3357:
3348:
3261:
3243:
3225:
3207:
3089:
3045:
3001:
2957:
2913:
2817:
2717:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2670:
2660:
2602:
2557:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
6711:
6631:
6617:
6609:
6293:by some speakers in words of Greek origin.
6064:before a vowel in words of foreign origin.
482:(4) can all be found in Dutch words; only
330:
316:
208:
5975:. Words of Greek origin are written with
5069:Learn how and when to remove this message
4143:Learn how and when to remove this message
3457:, depending on how the stress is placed.
2737:Learn how and when to remove this message
2577:Learn how and when to remove this message
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
7807:Indo-European Latin-script orthographies
6584:(1873) by L.A. te Winkel and M. de Vries
6094:
6092:
5348:(In the evening, she is never at home.).
3504:
2850:
2159:
1726:
1286:
950:
489:
438:. The least frequently used letters are
399:The modern Dutch alphabet, used for the
6229:
6227:
6225:
6223:
6221:
6219:
6072:
6070:
5960:occurs only in a few Spanish loanwords.
5395:
293:
270:
249:
223:
216:
5917:in words of Romance or English origin.
5701:
5699:
5555:
5553:
5551:
5508:"Moniteur Belge - Belgisch Staatsblad"
4245:, Dutch students are taught the rule "
3344:will almost always represent a schwa.
2627:) are usually retained. Greek letters
6253:
6251:
6158:
6156:
5839:is used to indicate pronunciation as
5384:Grand Dictation of the Dutch Language
4925:("appeal", "roll call", and others).
3989:("labourer") so it is not divided as
2592:often keep their original spellings:
7:
6604:"New Spelling" of the Dutch language
6588:Woordenlijst Nederlandse taal online
6048:in loanwords from French or Spanish.
5969:Used only in some proper names like
5937:
5935:
5891:
5889:
5822:in some loanwords from Italian) and
5047:adding citations to reliable sources
4777:Die fiets is niet óúd, hij is níéuw!
4121:adding citations to reliable sources
2715:adding citations to reliable sources
2555:adding citations to reliable sources
403:, consists of the 26 letters of the
58:adding citations to reliable sources
5642:as the 25th letter of the alphabet.
5586:) because nearly every word with a
4928:Besides being used to mark stress,
4652:(equivalent to the example below),
4233:of the preceding consonant(s) (see
3827:That is reflected in the spelling.
411:is used, six (or five) letters are
6357:in loanwords from French or Greek.
6146:followed by a vowel is pronounced
6122:Used in some proper names such as
5687:word having a similar meaning; or
5667:, it is most often referred to as
4987:is the most common example, where
4598:), a Flemish TV station in Belgium
4040:("to participate"), a compound of
2839:A single vowel that is checked in
2647:(except before a consonant, after
169:for transliterated languages, and
149:of its non-English content, using
25:
6600:(2006) by the Society "Onze Taal"
6245:. They are found mostly in names.
5638:often replaces the (less common)
3823:in the plural in such nouns, not
933:Sound to spelling correspondences
6556:, Den Haag: Sdu Uitgevers, 2004.
5883:in loanwords from other sources.
5019:
4999:is a specific type of sailboat.
4544:("to page (call on a pager)") →
4093:
3977:("day labourer"), a compound of
2687:
2527:
136:
34:
6592:Word list of the Dutch language
6547:Geschiedenis van het Nederlands
4274:English corresponding sentence
4248:'t kofschip is met thee beladen
3480:("far-going, far-reaching") or
3128:is likewise rare except before
45:needs additional citations for
6549:, Utrecht: Het Spectrum, 1994.
5618:may not be distinguished from
4009:("twenty-one"), a compound of
185:multilingual support templates
1:
6540:De Spelling-Siegenbeek (1804)
6150:in loanwords of Latin origin.
5578:is almost always followed by
5345:'s Avonds is zij nooit thuis.
4948:. The name of the Dutch town
4064:
3471:("to impart with, to grant ")
2653:⟨eon, ion, yon⟩
6260:is an obsolete spelling for
5364:History of Dutch orthography
4000:to keep the first "a" short.
3143:Double vowels and consonants
2617:⟨k, kw, ks, i⟩
2609:standard spelling dictionary
430:behaves as a single letter.
7500:Ethiopian Semitic languages
6241:are obsolete spellings for
6012:is most likely a result of
4681:(to occur/to prevent), and
3445:represents either stressed
2613:⟨c, qu, x, y⟩
415:and 20 (or 21) letters are
7823:
6900:Phonology & ortography
6535:, Assen: Van Gorcum, 1978.
6516:Onze Taal: genant / gênant
6480:"Accenten op hoofdletters"
6277:In words of French origin.
5634:the (more common) digraph
4838:I will get up before you.
4235:Assimilation (linguistics)
4082:
4072:
3489:Morphological alternations
2803:Checked in spelling only:
468:together (1), the digraph
281:List of Dutch dictionaries
6650:
6393:is usually pronounced as
5675:⟨Griekse Y⟩
5512:www.ejustice.just.fgov.be
4683:vérstrekkend/verstrékkend
4521:("to rustle, to hiss") →
4075:Final obstruent devoicing
3185:("cups, heads, to head ")
2905:("windows, to estimate")
2862:
2859:
2856:
2615:are sometimes adapted to
2497:
2485:
2465:
2453:
2441:
2429:
2405:
2385:
2373:
2334:
2322:
2302:
2286:
2270:
2254:
2242:
2218:
2206:
2174:
2171:
2145:
2133:
2100:
2037:
2025:
1973:
1961:
1949:
1893:
1797:
1737:
1734:
1707:
1678:
1647:
1635:
1623:
1594:
1582:
1570:
1516:
1504:
1470:
1458:
1446:
1434:
1396:
1384:
1372:
1360:
1301:
1298:
1257:
1215:
1182:
1170:
1158:
1146:
1134:
1122:
1110:
1098:
1027:
998:
961:
958:
6578:(1863) by L.A. te Winkel
6504:Onze Taal: appel / appèl
6189:is sometimes pronounced
5705:Used only in the suffix
4833:Ik zal vóór jou opstaan.
4821:Ik zal voor jou opstaan.
486:(3) is not used in Dutch
405:ISO basic Latin alphabet
258:Archaic Dutch declension
6552:Nicoline van der Sijs,
6032:is normally pronounced
6016:from languages such as
5992:In the rare cases when
4907:(to yell). Officially,
4826:I will get up for you.
4568:to mark stress and the
4065:Final devoicing and the
3615:("appeared", singular)
2783:checked and free vowels
2777:Checked and free vowels
2621:⟨c, x, y⟩
419:. In some aspects, the
263:Gender in Dutch grammar
6130:
6128:, as a contraction of
5875:in Italian loanwords,
5786:
5776:
5770:. It is exceptionally
5725:
5707:
5669:
5532:NATO phonetic alphabet
5344:
4921:
4915:
4909:
4832:
4820:
4808:
4796:
4776:
4764:
4745:
4729:
4713:
4697:
4599:
4552:
4546:
4540:
4523:
4514:
4499:
4490:
4481:
4464:
4455:
4440:
4431:
4406:
4397:
4386:
4377:
4342:are somewhat special:
4312:
4302:
4290:
4280:
4247:
4210:
4201:
4190:
4181:
4170:
4161:
4023:
4017:
4011:
3985:
3979:
3904:
3886:
3868:
3850:
3832:
3801:
3790:
3774:
3763:
3745:
3734:
3718:
3707:
3689:
3678:
3662:
3651:
3635:
3624:
3608:
3597:
3579:
3568:
3552:
3541:
3417:
3402:
3388:
3378:
3369:
3358:
3349:
3262:
3244:
3226:
3208:
3120:is rare except before
3090:
3046:
3002:
2958:
2914:
2818:
2800:("to leave", "to let")
2671:
2661:
2637:⟨ph, rh⟩
2603:
2594:
941:for more information.
487:
446:, similar to English.
396:
6983:Classical orthography
6817:Standard Written Form
6545:Marijke van der Wal,
6341:in English loanwords.
5927:⟨(i)ll⟩
5279:(des Hertogen bosch (
4981:West Frisian language
4940:(train compartment),
4635:Genootschap Onze Taal
4587:
3425:(city name; formerly
3396:("contraction of the
3356:(expression of woe),
2649:⟨f, ch⟩
452:
391:
7053:Montenegrin alphabet
6531:Vincent van Heuven,
5655:is generally called
5390:Notes and references
5379:Nederlandse Taalunie
5043:improve this section
4991:is West Frisian for
4117:improve this section
3994:*/ˈdaː.ˌɣɑr.bɛi.dər/
3911:("lottery ticket"),
3604:("appeared", plural)
3258:("something bought")
2790:Checked in neither:
2711:improve this section
2651:and word finally). -
2633:⟨f, r⟩
2629:⟨φ, ῥ⟩
2551:improve this section
183:. Knowledge (XXG)'s
147:specify the language
145:This article should
54:improve this article
6111:⟨tsj⟩
6004:, it is pronounced
5673:(sometimes written
5374:Matthijs Siegenbeek
4936:(overnight guest),
4809:Hij heeft één boek.
4797:Hij heeft een boek.
4698:Dat was háár ijsje.
4679:vóórkomen/voorkómen
4629:, but not to write
4261:
4044:("along (with)") +
4007:/ˈeː.nən.ˌtʋɪn.təx/
3918:("lottery tickets")
3507:
3437:, that can lead to
2886:Multiple syllables
2873:Multiple syllables
2853:
2753:Historical overview
2168:
1731:
1295:
955:
407:. Depending on how
212:Part of a series on
69:"Dutch orthography"
6403:⟨ij⟩
6399:⟨ie⟩
6367:⟨ui⟩
6351:⟨ou⟩
6335:⟨oo⟩
6303:⟨oi⟩
6287:⟨eu⟩
6266:⟨ee⟩
6262:⟨aa⟩
6258:⟨ae⟩
6235:⟨ij⟩
6163:⟨th⟩
6144:⟨ti⟩
6107:⟨sj⟩
6060:may be pronounced
6030:⟨qu⟩
6008:. In those cases,
5981:⟨ph⟩
5979:but formerly with
5898:may be pronounced
5869:⟨ch⟩
5764:⟨ij⟩
5726:thans, thee, thuis
5636:⟨ij⟩
5628:⟨ik⟩
5624:⟨ii⟩
5616:⟨ij⟩
5588:⟨qu⟩
5584:⟨qu⟩
5487:wetten.overheid.nl
5461:wetten.overheid.nl
5435:wetten.overheid.nl
5409:wetten.overheid.nl
5261:(des Graven hage (
4895:(female cashier),
4859:Michaëlla Krajicek
4853:is used to mark a
4600:
4259:
3975:/ˈdɑ.ˌɣɑr.bɛi.dər/
3971:/ˈdɑx.ˌɑr.bɛi.dər/
3955:("guessed"), both
3928:them both single.
3505:
3500:⟨ie⟩
3334:⟨ee⟩
3328:A word-final long
3037:("copper, buyer")
2851:
2645:⟨th⟩
2625:⟨qu⟩
2160:
1727:
1287:
951:
499:Spelling alphabet
488:
471:⟨ij⟩
426:⟨ij⟩
397:
378:Flemish Government
7789:
7788:
7231:
7230:
7080:Cyrillic alphabet
7043:Cyrillic alphabet
6973:Cyrillic alphabet
6822:Kernowek Standard
6644:world's languages
6598:De witte spelling
6395:⟨i⟩
6391:⟨y⟩
6289:is pronounced as
6243:⟨i⟩
6239:⟨y⟩
6203:⟨z⟩
6187:⟨x⟩
6085:⟨s⟩
6058:⟨s⟩
6046:⟨i⟩
6042:⟨e⟩
6010:⟨q⟩
6002:⟨u⟩
5994:⟨q⟩
5977:⟨f⟩
5958:⟨ñ⟩
5942:⟨j⟩
5915:⟨y⟩
5911:⟨i⟩
5908:⟨e⟩
5896:⟨g⟩
5857:⟨u⟩
5853:⟨o⟩
5849:⟨a⟩
5845:⟨c⟩
5812:⟨y⟩
5808:⟨i⟩
5804:⟨e⟩
5800:⟨c⟩
5748:⟨i⟩
5744:⟨e⟩
5653:⟨y⟩
5640:⟨y⟩
5632:primary education
5620:⟨y⟩
5590:is borrowed from
5580:⟨u⟩
5576:⟨q⟩
5568:⟨y⟩
5564:⟨x⟩
5560:⟨q⟩
5483:"Spellingbesluit"
5326:
5325:
5189:in the afternoon
5079:
5078:
5071:
4965:circumflex accent
4842:
4841:
4814:He has one book.
4782:That bike is not
4757:
4756:(are you able to)
4730:Dat is héél mooi.
4423:⟨s⟩
4419:⟨f⟩
4366:⟨s⟩
4362:⟨f⟩
4340:⟨z⟩
4336:⟨v⟩
4330:⟨z⟩
4326:⟨v⟩
4322:
4321:
4243:⟨t⟩
4239:⟨d⟩
4229:depending on the
4227:⟨t⟩
4223:⟨d⟩
4153:
4152:
4145:
4060:, as noted above.
4058:⟨e⟩
3973:or more fluently
3864:("cities, towns")
3812:
3811:
3502:in native words:
3443:⟨e⟩
3376:("along, with"),
3342:⟨e⟩
3338:⟨é⟩
3290:⟨e⟩
3282:⟨e⟩
3275:⟨e⟩
3201:⟨i⟩
3137:⟨e⟩
3130:⟨r⟩
3126:⟨u⟩
3114:⟨i⟩
3110:
3109:
2949:("to cultivate")
2816:Checked in both:
2747:
2746:
2739:
2657:⟨n⟩
2641:⟨θ⟩
2587:
2586:
2579:
2516:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2156:
2155:
1718:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1283:
1282:
930:
929:
484:⟨ÿ⟩
444:⟨x⟩
440:⟨q⟩
432:⟨e⟩
409:⟨y⟩
343:Dutch orthography
340:
339:
272:Dutch orthography
232:Dutch conjugation
207:
206:
187:may also be used.
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
7814:
6712:
6633:
6626:
6619:
6610:
6519:
6513:
6507:
6501:
6495:
6494:
6492:
6491:
6476:
6470:
6469:
6467:
6466:
6451:
6445:
6444:
6442:
6441:
6426:
6417:
6412:
6406:
6404:
6400:
6396:
6392:
6388:
6382:
6380:
6372:
6368:
6364:
6358:
6356:
6352:
6348:
6342:
6340:
6336:
6332:
6326:
6316:
6312:
6308:
6304:
6300:
6294:
6292:
6288:
6284:
6278:
6275:
6269:
6267:
6263:
6259:
6255:
6246:
6244:
6240:
6236:
6231:
6214:
6212:
6208:
6204:
6200:
6194:
6192:
6188:
6184:
6178:
6176:
6172:
6168:
6164:
6160:
6151:
6149:
6145:
6141:
6135:
6133:
6120:
6114:
6112:
6108:
6104:
6100:
6096:
6087:
6086:
6082:
6078:
6074:
6065:
6063:
6059:
6055:
6049:
6047:
6043:
6039:
6035:
6031:
6027:
6021:
6011:
6007:
6003:
5995:
5990:
5984:
5982:
5978:
5967:
5961:
5959:
5955:
5949:
5947:
5943:
5939:
5930:
5928:
5924:
5918:
5916:
5912:
5909:
5905:
5901:
5897:
5893:
5884:
5882:
5878:
5874:
5870:
5866:
5860:
5858:
5854:
5850:
5846:
5842:
5833:
5827:
5825:
5821:
5817:
5814:, is pronounced
5813:
5809:
5805:
5801:
5797:
5791:
5789:
5783:
5779:
5773:
5769:
5765:
5761:
5755:
5753:
5749:
5745:
5741:
5730:
5728:
5721:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5703:
5694:
5676:
5672:
5666:
5658:
5654:
5649:
5643:
5641:
5637:
5629:
5625:
5621:
5617:
5605:
5599:
5589:
5585:
5581:
5577:
5570:occur mostly in
5569:
5565:
5561:
5557:
5546:
5541:
5535:
5528:
5522:
5521:
5519:
5518:
5504:
5498:
5497:
5495:
5494:
5478:
5472:
5471:
5469:
5468:
5452:
5446:
5445:
5443:
5442:
5426:
5420:
5419:
5417:
5416:
5400:
5347:
5287:’s-Hertogenbosch
5276:'s-Hertogenbosch
5084:
5083:
5074:
5067:
5063:
5060:
5054:
5023:
5015:
4995:(to sail) and a
4975:(to treat). For
4959:
4924:
4918:
4912:
4865:Other diacritics
4835:
4823:
4811:
4799:
4779:
4767:
4755:
4748:
4732:
4716:
4700:
4693:
4692:
4555:
4549:
4543:
4533:
4530:
4520:
4517:
4509:
4506:
4496:
4493:
4484:
4474:
4471:
4461:
4458:
4450:
4447:
4437:
4434:
4424:
4420:
4412:
4409:
4403:
4400:
4392:
4389:
4383:
4380:
4367:
4363:
4359:
4355:
4352:When the sounds
4341:
4337:
4331:
4327:
4315:
4305:
4293:
4283:
4262:
4250:
4244:
4240:
4228:
4224:
4216:
4213:
4207:
4204:
4196:
4193:
4187:
4184:
4176:
4173:
4167:
4164:
4148:
4141:
4137:
4134:
4128:
4097:
4089:
4059:
4039:
4026:
4020:
4014:
4008:
3998:*dag-gar-bei-der
3995:
3988:
3982:
3976:
3972:
3958:
3945:
3942:("hated"), both
3917:
3910:
3907:
3899:
3892:
3889:
3881:
3874:
3871:
3863:
3857:("city, town"),
3856:
3853:
3845:
3838:
3835:
3826:
3822:
3818:
3807:
3804:
3796:
3793:
3786:
3780:
3777:
3769:
3766:
3759:
3751:
3748:
3740:
3737:
3730:
3724:
3721:
3713:
3710:
3703:
3695:
3692:
3684:
3681:
3674:
3668:
3665:
3657:
3654:
3641:
3638:
3630:
3627:
3620:
3614:
3611:
3603:
3600:
3593:
3585:
3582:
3574:
3571:
3564:
3558:
3555:
3547:
3544:
3537:
3508:
3501:
3497:
3483:
3479:
3470:
3466:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3424:
3408:
3405:
3395:
3384:
3381:
3375:
3372:
3364:
3361:
3355:
3352:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3323:
3314:
3305:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3276:
3268:
3265:
3257:
3250:
3247:
3239:
3232:
3229:
3221:
3214:
3211:
3203:does not occur.
3202:
3193:
3184:
3175:
3166:
3158:("rams, to ram")
3157:
3138:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3105:
3096:
3093:
3086:
3080:
3072:
3061:
3052:
3049:
3042:
3036:
3028:
3017:
3008:
3005:
2998:
2992:
2984:
2973:
2964:
2961:
2954:
2948:
2940:
2929:
2920:
2917:
2910:
2904:
2896:
2863:Checked in both
2854:
2834:
2824:
2821:
2812:
2799:
2742:
2735:
2731:
2728:
2722:
2691:
2683:
2674:
2665:) except when a
2664:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2643:usually becomes
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2606:
2600:
2597:
2582:
2575:
2571:
2568:
2562:
2531:
2523:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2488:
2472:
2468:
2456:
2444:
2432:
2408:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2376:
2357:
2341:
2337:
2325:
2309:
2305:
2293:
2289:
2273:
2257:
2245:
2225:
2221:
2209:
2169:
2152:
2148:
2136:
2124:
2119:
2115:
2103:
2091:
2086:
2082:
2067:
2055:
2040:
2028:
2016:
2012:
2007:
1992:
1980:
1976:
1964:
1952:
1937:
1925:
1921:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1896:
1881:
1869:
1864:
1860:
1848:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1800:
1785:
1773:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1732:
1723:
1722:
1710:
1693:
1681:
1669:
1662:
1650:
1638:
1626:
1609:
1597:
1585:
1573:
1561:
1554:
1540:
1536:
1531:
1519:
1507:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1473:
1461:
1449:
1437:
1425:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1399:
1387:
1375:
1363:
1346:
1334:
1327:
1296:
1276:
1264:
1245:
1230:
1218:
1206:
1201:
1197:
1185:
1173:
1161:
1149:
1137:
1125:
1113:
1101:
1086:
1071:
1055:
1046:
1030:
1018:
1013:
1001:
989:
984:
956:
947:
946:
490:
485:
481:
472:
467:
459:
445:
441:
436:it is in English
433:
427:
410:
332:
325:
318:
209:
202:
199:
193:
178:
172:
168:
162:
158:
152:
140:
139:
132:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
7822:
7821:
7817:
7816:
7815:
7813:
7812:
7811:
7792:
7791:
7790:
7785:
7767:
7744:
7717:Native American
7710:
7687:
7659:
7610:
7587:
7554:
7526:
7466:
7432:
7399:
7316:
7227:
7201:
7129:
7091:
7039:Serbo-Croatian
6954:
6931:
6858:
6849:Scottish Gaelic
6832:Unified Cornish
6812:Kernewek Kemmyn
6788:
6701:
6646:
6637:
6572:
6528:
6523:
6522:
6514:
6510:
6502:
6498:
6489:
6487:
6478:
6477:
6473:
6464:
6462:
6453:
6452:
6448:
6439:
6437:
6428:
6427:
6420:
6413:
6409:
6402:
6398:
6394:
6390:
6389:
6385:
6366:
6365:
6361:
6350:
6349:
6345:
6334:
6333:
6329:
6302:
6301:
6297:
6286:
6285:
6281:
6276:
6272:
6265:
6261:
6257:
6256:
6249:
6242:
6238:
6234:
6233:In diphthongs,
6232:
6217:
6213:between vowels.
6202:
6201:
6197:
6186:
6185:
6181:
6162:
6161:
6154:
6143:
6142:
6138:
6121:
6117:
6110:
6106:
6097:
6090:
6084:
6075:
6068:
6057:
6056:
6052:
6045:
6041:
6029:
6028:
6024:
6014:transliteration
6009:
6001:
5993:
5991:
5987:
5980:
5976:
5968:
5964:
5957:
5956:
5952:
5941:
5940:
5933:
5926:
5925:
5921:
5914:
5910:
5907:
5895:
5894:
5887:
5868:
5867:
5863:
5856:
5852:
5848:
5847:is followed by
5844:
5834:
5830:
5811:
5807:
5803:
5799:
5798:
5794:
5763:
5762:
5758:
5747:
5743:
5742:
5733:
5722:
5718:
5704:
5697:
5674:
5660:
5652:
5650:
5646:
5639:
5635:
5627:
5623:
5619:
5615:
5606:
5602:
5587:
5583:
5579:
5575:
5567:
5563:
5559:
5558:
5549:
5542:
5538:
5529:
5525:
5516:
5514:
5506:
5505:
5501:
5492:
5490:
5480:
5479:
5475:
5466:
5464:
5454:
5453:
5449:
5440:
5438:
5428:
5427:
5423:
5414:
5412:
5402:
5401:
5397:
5392:
5355:
5254:'s-Gravenhage (
5204:in the evening
5174:in the morning
5167:(des ochtends (
5075:
5064:
5058:
5055:
5040:
5024:
5013:
4867:
4847:
4802:He has a book.
4691:
4588:Former logo of
4582:
4564:Dutch uses the
4562:
4556:("(I) paged").
4462:("to blush") →
4422:
4418:
4365:
4361:
4339:
4335:
4333:
4329:
4325:
4271:Dutch sentence
4242:
4238:
4226:
4222:
4168:"(I) have" but
4149:
4138:
4132:
4129:
4114:
4098:
4087:
4081:
4073:Main articles:
4071:
4057:
4029:*e-nen-twin-tig
4004:een-en-twin-tig
3991:*da-gar-bei-der
3925:
3882:("roads, ways")
3875:("road, way"),
3523:
3512:
3499:
3491:
3478:/ˈvɛr.ˌɣaːn.də/
3469:/bə.ˈdeː.lə(n)/
3465:/ˈbeː.də.lə(n)/
3442:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3322:/ˈkɪn.də.rə(n)/
3313:/ɣə.ˈkoː.mə(n)/
3289:
3281:
3278:
3274:
3251:("buy, sale"),
3233:("cultivate"),
3200:
3176:("made of tin")
3145:
3136:
3129:
3125:
3113:
2885:
2880:
2872:
2835:("little lath")
2779:
2755:
2743:
2732:
2726:
2723:
2708:
2692:
2681:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2583:
2572:
2566:
2563:
2548:
2532:
2521:
2164: and
1291: and
939:Dutch phonology
935:
483:
475:
470:
461:
453:
443:
439:
431:
425:
408:
386:
355:
336:
304:Hard and soft G
295:Dutch phonology
203:
197:
194:
188:
176:
170:
166:
164:transliteration
160:
156:
150:
141:
137:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7820:
7818:
7810:
7809:
7804:
7802:Dutch language
7794:
7793:
7787:
7786:
7784:
7783:
7777:
7775:
7769:
7768:
7766:
7765:
7760:
7758:Haitian Creole
7754:
7752:
7746:
7745:
7743:
7742:
7737:
7732:
7727:
7721:
7719:
7712:
7711:
7709:
7708:
7703:
7697:
7695:
7689:
7688:
7686:
7685:
7680:
7675:
7669:
7667:
7661:
7660:
7658:
7657:
7652:
7647:
7642:
7637:
7632:
7621:
7619:
7612:
7611:
7609:
7608:
7603:
7597:
7595:
7589:
7588:
7586:
7585:
7580:
7575:
7570:
7564:
7562:
7556:
7555:
7553:
7552:
7547:
7542:
7536:
7534:
7528:
7527:
7525:
7524:
7519:
7514:
7513:
7512:
7502:
7497:
7496:
7495:
7490:
7482:
7476:
7474:
7468:
7467:
7465:
7464:
7459:
7454:
7449:
7443:
7441:
7434:
7433:
7431:
7430:
7425:
7420:
7415:
7409:
7407:
7401:
7400:
7398:
7397:
7392:
7387:
7382:
7377:
7372:
7367:
7362:
7357:
7352:
7347:
7342:
7337:
7332:
7326:
7324:
7318:
7317:
7315:
7314:
7309:
7304:
7303:
7302:
7297:
7287:
7282:
7277:
7272:
7267:
7266:
7265:
7260:
7252:
7247:
7241:
7239:
7233:
7232:
7229:
7228:
7226:
7225:
7220:
7215:
7209:
7207:
7203:
7202:
7200:
7199:
7194:
7189:
7184:
7183:
7182:
7172:
7171:
7170:
7160:
7155:
7150:
7145:
7139:
7137:
7131:
7130:
7128:
7127:
7122:
7117:
7112:
7107:
7101:
7099:
7093:
7092:
7090:
7089:
7088:
7087:
7085:Latin alphabet
7082:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7056:
7055:
7050:
7048:Latin alphabet
7045:
7037:
7032:
7031:
7030:
7025:
7017:
7016:
7015:
7010:
7002:
6997:
6992:
6987:
6986:
6985:
6980:
6978:Latin alphabet
6975:
6964:
6962:
6956:
6955:
6953:
6952:
6947:
6941:
6939:
6933:
6932:
6930:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6914:
6909:
6908:
6907:
6902:
6894:
6889:
6887:Istro-Romanian
6884:
6879:
6874:
6868:
6866:
6860:
6859:
6857:
6856:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6835:
6834:
6829:
6827:Modern Cornish
6824:
6819:
6814:
6804:
6798:
6796:
6790:
6789:
6787:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6775:
6774:
6769:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6726:
6720:
6718:
6709:
6703:
6702:
6700:
6699:
6698:
6697:
6692:
6687:
6682:
6677:
6672:
6662:
6657:
6651:
6648:
6647:
6638:
6636:
6635:
6628:
6621:
6613:
6607:
6606:
6601:
6595:
6585:
6579:
6571:
6570:External links
6568:
6567:
6566:
6557:
6550:
6543:
6536:
6527:
6524:
6521:
6520:
6508:
6496:
6471:
6459:taaladvies.net
6446:
6434:taaladvies.net
6418:
6407:
6383:
6369:is pronounced
6359:
6343:
6327:
6317:(for example,
6305:is pronounced
6295:
6279:
6270:
6247:
6215:
6195:
6179:
6152:
6136:
6115:
6088:
6066:
6050:
6022:
5985:
5962:
5950:
5944:is pronounced
5931:
5919:
5885:
5871:is pronounced
5861:
5828:
5792:
5784:in the suffix
5756:
5731:
5723:In words like
5716:
5695:
5679:)('Greek Y');
5644:
5600:
5547:
5536:
5523:
5499:
5473:
5447:
5421:
5394:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5387:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5354:
5351:
5350:
5349:
5324:
5323:
5318:
5315:
5307:
5306:
5301:
5298:
5290:
5289:
5284:
5277:
5273:
5272:
5266:
5259:
5251:
5250:
5249:in the winter
5247:
5242:(des winters (
5240:
5236:
5235:
5234:in the summer
5232:
5225:
5221:
5220:
5217:
5210:
5206:
5205:
5202:
5195:
5191:
5190:
5187:
5182:(des middags (
5180:
5176:
5175:
5172:
5165:
5161:
5160:
5157:
5154:
5150:
5149:
5146:
5143:
5139:
5138:
5135:
5132:
5128:
5127:
5124:
5121:
5117:
5116:
5113:
5110:
5106:
5105:
5102:
5099:
5095:
5094:
5091:
5088:
5077:
5076:
5027:
5025:
5018:
5012:
5009:
4971:(survey), and
4919:("apple") and
4866:
4863:
4846:
4843:
4840:
4839:
4836:
4828:
4827:
4824:
4816:
4815:
4812:
4804:
4803:
4800:
4792:
4791:
4780:
4772:
4771:
4768:
4760:
4759:
4749:
4741:
4740:
4733:
4725:
4724:
4717:
4714:Ik wil het nú!
4709:
4708:
4701:
4690:
4687:
4677:(for/before),
4581:
4578:
4561:
4558:
4550:("(I) page"),
4536:
4535:
4511:
4497:("to bark") →
4477:
4476:
4452:
4438:("to live") →
4415:
4414:
4394:
4384:("to stay") →
4370:
4369:
4350:
4347:
4332:
4323:
4320:
4319:
4316:
4309:
4306:
4298:
4297:
4294:
4287:
4284:
4276:
4275:
4272:
4269:
4266:
4219:
4218:
4208:"(I) lay" but
4198:
4178:
4151:
4150:
4101:
4099:
4092:
4070:
4063:
4062:
4061:
4032:
4001:
3968:dag-ar-bei-der
3960:
3959:
3946:
3924:
3921:
3920:
3919:
3901:
3883:
3865:
3847:
3810:
3809:
3798:
3787:
3782:
3771:
3760:
3754:
3753:
3742:
3731:
3726:
3715:
3704:
3698:
3697:
3686:
3675:
3670:
3659:
3648:
3644:
3643:
3632:
3621:
3616:
3605:
3594:
3588:
3587:
3576:
3565:
3560:
3549:
3538:
3532:
3531:
3528:
3525:
3520:
3517:
3514:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3485:
3482:/vər.ˈɣaːn.də/
3472:
3467:("to beg") or
3453:or unstressed
3431:
3430:
3414:
3386:
3366:
3326:
3325:
3316:
3315:("(has) come")
3307:
3277:
3272:
3271:
3270:
3259:
3241:
3240:("cultivated")
3223:
3196:
3195:
3194:("to succeed")
3186:
3177:
3168:
3159:
3144:
3141:
3108:
3107:
3098:
3087:
3082:
3073:
3068:
3064:
3063:
3054:
3053:("cup, head")
3043:
3038:
3029:
3024:
3020:
3019:
3010:
2999:
2994:
2985:
2980:
2976:
2975:
2966:
2955:
2950:
2941:
2936:
2932:
2931:
2930:("disasters")
2922:
2911:
2906:
2897:
2892:
2888:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2876:Pronunciation
2874:
2869:
2868:Pronunciation
2865:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2837:
2836:
2814:
2801:
2778:
2775:
2754:
2751:
2745:
2744:
2695:
2693:
2686:
2680:
2677:
2585:
2584:
2535:
2533:
2526:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2496:
2490:
2489:
2484:
2474:
2473:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2428:
2410:
2409:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2372:
2362:
2361:
2358:
2353:
2343:
2342:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2321:
2311:
2310:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2285:
2275:
2274:
2269:
2259:
2258:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2241:
2227:
2226:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2205:
2187:
2186:
2183:
2179:
2178:
2173:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2087:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2068:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2051:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2008:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1993:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1917:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1882:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1865:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1844:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1821:
1808:
1802:
1801:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1786:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1756:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1736:
1716:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1665:
1663:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1557:
1555:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1532:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1457:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1383:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1330:
1328:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1277:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1246:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1072:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1047:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1003:
1002:
997:
991:
990:
985:
980:
974:
973:
970:
966:
965:
960:
934:
931:
928:
927:
921:
919:
913:
912:
906:
904:
898:
897:
885:
883:
877:
876:
870:
868:
862:
861:
855:
853:
847:
846:
840:
838:
832:
831:
825:
823:
817:
816:
810:
808:
802:
801:
795:
793:
787:
786:
776:
774:
768:
767:
757:
755:
749:
748:
742:
740:
734:
733:
727:
725:
719:
718:
712:
710:
704:
703:
697:
695:
689:
688:
678:
676:
670:
669:
663:
661:
655:
654:
644:
642:
636:
635:
629:
627:
621:
620:
614:
612:
606:
605:
599:
597:
591:
590:
584:
582:
576:
575:
569:
567:
561:
560:
554:
552:
546:
545:
539:
537:
531:
530:
524:
522:
516:
515:
509:
507:
501:
500:
497:
494:
401:Dutch language
385:
382:
354:
351:
347:Latin alphabet
338:
337:
335:
334:
327:
320:
312:
309:
308:
307:
306:
298:
297:
291:
290:
289:
288:
283:
275:
274:
268:
267:
266:
265:
260:
252:
251:
247:
246:
245:
244:
239:
234:
226:
225:
221:
220:
214:
213:
205:
204:
144:
142:
135:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
18:Dutch spelling
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7819:
7808:
7805:
7803:
7800:
7799:
7797:
7782:
7779:
7778:
7776:
7774:
7770:
7764:
7761:
7759:
7756:
7755:
7753:
7751:
7747:
7741:
7738:
7736:
7733:
7731:
7728:
7726:
7723:
7722:
7720:
7718:
7713:
7707:
7704:
7702:
7699:
7698:
7696:
7694:
7690:
7684:
7681:
7679:
7676:
7674:
7671:
7670:
7668:
7666:
7662:
7656:
7653:
7651:
7648:
7646:
7643:
7641:
7638:
7636:
7633:
7630:
7626:
7623:
7622:
7620:
7618:
7613:
7607:
7604:
7602:
7599:
7598:
7596:
7594:
7590:
7584:
7581:
7579:
7576:
7574:
7571:
7569:
7566:
7565:
7563:
7561:
7557:
7551:
7548:
7546:
7543:
7541:
7538:
7537:
7535:
7533:
7529:
7523:
7520:
7518:
7515:
7511:
7508:
7507:
7506:
7503:
7501:
7498:
7494:
7491:
7489:
7486:
7485:
7483:
7481:
7478:
7477:
7475:
7473:
7469:
7463:
7460:
7458:
7455:
7453:
7450:
7448:
7445:
7444:
7442:
7440:
7435:
7429:
7426:
7424:
7421:
7419:
7416:
7414:
7411:
7410:
7408:
7406:
7405:Tungus—Manchu
7402:
7396:
7393:
7391:
7388:
7386:
7383:
7381:
7378:
7376:
7373:
7371:
7368:
7366:
7363:
7361:
7358:
7356:
7353:
7351:
7348:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7327:
7325:
7323:
7319:
7313:
7310:
7308:
7305:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7293:
7292:
7291:
7288:
7286:
7283:
7281:
7278:
7276:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7255:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7246:
7243:
7242:
7240:
7238:
7234:
7224:
7221:
7219:
7216:
7214:
7211:
7210:
7208:
7204:
7198:
7195:
7193:
7190:
7188:
7185:
7181:
7178:
7177:
7176:
7173:
7169:
7166:
7165:
7164:
7161:
7159:
7156:
7154:
7151:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7140:
7138:
7136:
7132:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7103:
7102:
7100:
7098:
7094:
7086:
7083:
7081:
7078:
7077:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7063:
7061:
7058:
7054:
7051:
7049:
7046:
7044:
7041:
7040:
7038:
7036:
7033:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7020:
7018:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7005:
7003:
7001:
6998:
6996:
6993:
6991:
6988:
6984:
6981:
6979:
6976:
6974:
6971:
6970:
6969:
6966:
6965:
6963:
6961:
6957:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6943:
6942:
6940:
6938:
6934:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6920:
6918:
6915:
6913:
6910:
6906:
6903:
6901:
6898:
6897:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6870:
6869:
6867:
6865:
6861:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6809:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6800:
6799:
6797:
6795:
6791:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6773:
6770:
6768:
6765:
6764:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6725:
6722:
6721:
6719:
6717:
6713:
6710:
6708:
6707:Indo-European
6704:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6678:
6676:
6673:
6671:
6668:
6667:
6666:
6663:
6661:
6660:Orthographies
6658:
6656:
6653:
6652:
6649:
6645:
6641:
6640:Orthographies
6634:
6629:
6627:
6622:
6620:
6615:
6614:
6611:
6605:
6602:
6599:
6596:
6593:
6589:
6586:
6583:
6580:
6577:
6574:
6573:
6569:
6564:
6563:
6559:Anneke Nunn,
6558:
6555:
6551:
6548:
6544:
6541:
6537:
6534:
6530:
6529:
6525:
6517:
6512:
6509:
6505:
6500:
6497:
6485:
6481:
6475:
6472:
6461:. 12 May 2021
6460:
6456:
6450:
6447:
6436:. 12 May 2021
6435:
6431:
6425:
6423:
6419:
6416:
6411:
6408:
6387:
6384:
6376:
6363:
6360:
6353:is generally
6347:
6344:
6337:is generally
6331:
6328:
6324:
6320:
6299:
6296:
6283:
6280:
6274:
6271:
6254:
6252:
6248:
6230:
6228:
6226:
6224:
6222:
6220:
6216:
6199:
6196:
6183:
6180:
6159:
6157:
6153:
6140:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6126:
6119:
6116:
6113:respectively.
6095:
6093:
6089:
6073:
6071:
6067:
6054:
6051:
6026:
6023:
6019:
6015:
5999:
5989:
5986:
5974:
5973:
5966:
5963:
5954:
5951:
5938:
5936:
5932:
5923:
5920:
5892:
5890:
5886:
5865:
5862:
5838:
5832:
5829:
5796:
5793:
5788:
5778:
5760:
5757:
5740:
5738:
5736:
5732:
5727:
5720:
5717:
5709:
5702:
5700:
5696:
5692:
5691:
5686:
5682:
5678:
5671:
5664:
5648:
5645:
5633:
5613:
5612:
5604:
5601:
5597:
5593:
5573:
5556:
5554:
5552:
5548:
5545:
5540:
5537:
5533:
5527:
5524:
5513:
5509:
5503:
5500:
5488:
5484:
5477:
5474:
5462:
5458:
5451:
5448:
5436:
5432:
5425:
5422:
5410:
5406:
5405:"Spellingwet"
5399:
5396:
5389:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5359:Dutch braille
5357:
5356:
5352:
5346:
5342:
5341:
5340:
5338:
5333:
5331:
5322:
5319:
5316:
5313:
5309:
5308:
5305:
5302:
5299:
5296:
5292:
5291:
5288:
5285:
5282:
5278:
5275:
5274:
5270:
5267:
5264:
5260:
5257:
5253:
5252:
5248:
5245:
5241:
5238:
5237:
5233:
5230:
5227:(des zomers (
5226:
5223:
5222:
5219:in the night
5218:
5215:
5212:(des nachts (
5211:
5208:
5207:
5203:
5200:
5197:(des avonds (
5196:
5193:
5192:
5188:
5185:
5181:
5178:
5177:
5173:
5170:
5166:
5163:
5162:
5158:
5155:
5152:
5151:
5147:
5144:
5141:
5140:
5136:
5133:
5130:
5129:
5125:
5122:
5119:
5118:
5114:
5111:
5108:
5107:
5103:
5100:
5097:
5096:
5092:
5089:
5086:
5085:
5082:
5073:
5070:
5062:
5052:
5048:
5044:
5038:
5037:
5033:
5028:This section
5026:
5022:
5017:
5016:
5010:
5008:
5006:
5002:
4998:
4994:
4990:
4986:
4982:
4978:
4974:
4970:
4966:
4963:Similarly, a
4961:
4955:
4951:
4947:
4943:
4939:
4935:
4931:
4930:acute accents
4926:
4923:
4917:
4911:
4906:
4902:
4899:(career) and
4898:
4894:
4890:
4886:
4882:
4881:
4876:
4872:
4864:
4862:
4860:
4856:
4852:
4844:
4837:
4834:
4830:
4829:
4825:
4822:
4818:
4817:
4813:
4810:
4806:
4805:
4801:
4798:
4794:
4793:
4789:
4785:
4781:
4778:
4774:
4773:
4769:
4766:
4762:
4761:
4753:
4750:
4747:
4743:
4742:
4738:
4734:
4731:
4727:
4726:
4722:
4718:
4715:
4711:
4710:
4706:
4702:
4699:
4695:
4694:
4688:
4686:
4684:
4680:
4676:
4672:
4668:
4664:
4659:
4657:
4656:
4651:
4647:
4642:
4640:
4636:
4632:
4628:
4624:
4620:
4616:
4612:
4608:
4607:
4597:
4593:
4592:
4586:
4579:
4577:
4575:
4571:
4567:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4548:
4542:
4534:"(I) rustled"
4529:
4527:
4516:
4512:
4505:
4503:
4492:
4488:
4487:
4486:
4483:
4475:"(I) blushed"
4470:
4468:
4457:
4453:
4446:
4444:
4433:
4429:
4428:
4427:
4408:
4399:
4395:
4388:
4379:
4375:
4374:
4373:
4368:respectively.
4351:
4348:
4345:
4344:
4343:
4324:
4317:
4314:
4310:
4307:
4304:
4300:
4299:
4295:
4292:
4288:
4285:
4282:
4278:
4277:
4273:
4270:
4267:
4264:
4263:
4257:
4254:
4249:
4236:
4232:
4212:
4203:
4199:
4192:
4183:
4179:
4172:
4163:
4159:
4158:
4157:
4147:
4144:
4136:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4112:
4111:
4107:
4102:This section
4100:
4096:
4091:
4090:
4086:
4080:
4076:
4068:
4055:
4051:
4047:
4043:
4036:
4033:
4030:
4025:
4019:
4013:
4005:
4002:
3999:
3992:
3987:
3981:
3969:
3966:
3965:
3964:
3954:
3950:
3947:
3941:
3937:
3934:
3933:
3932:
3929:
3922:
3914:
3906:
3902:
3898:/ˈsxeː.pə(n)/
3896:
3888:
3884:
3878:
3870:
3866:
3860:
3852:
3848:
3842:
3834:
3830:
3829:
3828:
3808:("sparrows")
3803:
3799:
3792:
3788:
3783:
3776:
3772:
3765:
3761:
3756:
3755:
3747:
3743:
3736:
3732:
3727:
3720:
3716:
3709:
3705:
3700:
3699:
3691:
3687:
3680:
3676:
3671:
3664:
3660:
3653:
3649:
3646:
3645:
3637:
3633:
3626:
3622:
3617:
3610:
3606:
3599:
3595:
3590:
3589:
3581:
3577:
3570:
3566:
3561:
3554:
3550:
3543:
3539:
3534:
3533:
3529:
3526:
3521:
3519:When checked
3518:
3515:
3510:
3509:
3503:
3488:
3484:("perishing")
3476:
3473:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3458:
3440:
3436:
3428:
3421:
3420:
3415:
3412:
3404:
3399:
3392:
3391:
3387:
3380:
3371:
3367:
3360:
3351:
3347:
3346:
3345:
3320:
3317:
3311:
3308:
3304:/ˈɑ.pə.lə(n)/
3302:
3299:
3298:
3297:
3273:
3264:
3260:
3254:
3246:
3242:
3236:
3228:
3224:
3222:("estimated")
3218:
3210:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3190:
3187:
3181:
3178:
3172:
3169:
3163:
3160:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3149:
3142:
3140:
3133:
3102:
3099:
3092:
3088:
3083:
3077:
3074:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3058:
3055:
3048:
3044:
3039:
3033:
3030:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3014:
3011:
3004:
3000:
2995:
2989:
2986:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2970:
2967:
2960:
2956:
2951:
2945:
2942:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2926:
2923:
2916:
2912:
2907:
2901:
2898:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2883:
2881:One syllable
2878:
2875:
2870:
2867:
2866:
2860:Free in both
2855:
2849:
2846:
2842:
2831:
2829:
2820:
2815:
2809:
2807:
2802:
2796:
2794:
2789:
2788:
2787:
2784:
2776:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2764:
2759:
2752:
2750:
2741:
2738:
2730:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2696:This section
2694:
2690:
2685:
2684:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2672:stationnement
2668:
2663:
2610:
2605:
2596:
2591:
2581:
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2570:
2560:
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2546:
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2541:
2536:This section
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2196:
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2189:
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2184:
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2177:
2170:
2167:
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2158:
2143:
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2131:
2128:
2127:
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2110:
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2035:
2032:
2031:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2009:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1934:
1932:
1929:
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218:Dutch grammar
215:
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201:
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186:
182:
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155:
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143:
134:
133:
124:
121:
113:
110:November 2020
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
7701:Massachusett
7665:Austronesian
6779:West Frisian
6733:
6685:Prepositions
6659:
6560:
6553:
6546:
6539:
6538:Rob Naborn,
6532:
6526:Bibliography
6511:
6499:
6488:. Retrieved
6483:
6474:
6463:. Retrieved
6458:
6449:
6438:. Retrieved
6433:
6410:
6386:
6374:
6362:
6346:
6330:
6298:
6282:
6273:
6198:
6182:
6139:
6134:(...'s son).
6123:
6118:
6053:
6025:
6000:followed by
5997:
5988:
5970:
5965:
5953:
5922:
5864:
5831:
5795:
5774:in the word
5766:is normally
5759:
5719:
5688:
5680:
5647:
5610:
5603:
5539:
5526:
5515:. Retrieved
5511:
5502:
5491:. Retrieved
5486:
5476:
5465:. Retrieved
5460:
5450:
5439:. Retrieved
5434:
5424:
5413:. Retrieved
5408:
5398:
5369:IJ (digraph)
5334:
5329:
5327:
5311:
5294:
5280:
5271:(The Hague)
5262:
5255:
5243:
5228:
5213:
5198:
5183:
5168:
5080:
5065:
5056:
5041:Please help
5029:
5000:
4996:
4992:
4988:
4985:Skûtsjesilen
4984:
4976:
4972:
4968:
4962:
4953:
4945:
4941:
4937:
4933:
4927:
4904:
4900:
4896:
4892:
4888:
4884:
4878:
4875:onomatopoeic
4871:grave accent
4868:
4848:
4787:
4783:
4751:
4746:Kán jij dat?
4736:
4720:
4704:
4682:
4678:
4674:
4662:
4660:
4653:
4650:Kàn jij dat?
4649:
4646:grave accent
4643:
4638:
4630:
4626:
4622:
4618:
4604:
4601:
4595:
4589:
4580:Acute accent
4573:
4566:acute accent
4563:
4537:
4525:
4510:"(I) barked"
4501:
4478:
4466:
4460:/ˈbloːzə(n)/
4442:
4416:
4382:/ˈblɛivə(n)/
4371:
4334:
4318:I scratched
4252:
4220:
4195:/ˈpaːrdə(n)/
4188:"horse" but
4154:
4139:
4130:
4115:Please help
4103:
4066:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4034:
4028:
4003:
3997:
3990:
3967:
3961:
3957:/ˈraː.də(n)/
3952:
3948:
3944:/ˈɦaː.tə(n)/
3939:
3935:
3930:
3926:
3916:/ˈloː.tə(n)/
3912:
3894:
3880:/ˈʋeː.ɣə(n)/
3876:
3858:
3844:/ˈdaː.ɣə(n)/
3840:
3813:
3752:("tickets")
3696:("to lift")
3685:("(I) lift")
3669:("robbers")
3642:("to leak")
3631:("(I) leak")
3559:("(I) let")
3527:When checked
3492:
3474:
3461:
3432:
3426:
3423:/ɛn.sxə.ˈde/
3327:
3324:("children")
3318:
3309:
3300:
3279:
3252:
3234:
3216:
3215:("window"),
3197:
3188:
3179:
3170:
3167:("to count")
3161:
3152:
3146:
3134:
3111:
3100:
3075:
3062:("headed ")
3056:
3031:
3016:/ˈtɪn.tə(n)/
3012:
2987:
2974:("counted")
2972:/ˈtɛl.də(n)/
2968:
2947:/ˈteː.lə(n)/
2943:
2928:/ˈrɑm.pə(n)/
2924:
2903:/ˈraː.mə(n)/
2899:
2844:
2840:
2838:
2827:
2826:
2805:
2804:
2798:/ˈlaː.tə(n)/
2792:
2791:
2780:
2771:
2767:
2763:Middle Dutch
2756:
2748:
2733:
2724:
2709:Please help
2697:
2679:Vowel length
2623:(and rarely
2588:
2573:
2564:
2549:Please help
2537:
2493:
2481:
2477:
2461:
2449:
2437:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2401:
2381:
2369:
2365:
2350:
2346:
2330:
2318:
2314:
2298:
2282:
2278:
2266:
2262:
2250:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2214:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2141:
2129:
2108:
2096:
2075:
2060:
2045:
2033:
2021:
2000:
1985:
1969:
1957:
1945:
1930:
1901:
1889:
1874:
1853:
1828:
1805:
1793:
1778:
1753:
1719:
1703:
1686:
1674:
1655:
1643:
1631:
1619:
1602:
1590:
1578:
1566:
1547:
1524:
1512:
1500:
1478:
1466:
1454:
1442:
1430:
1404:
1392:
1380:
1368:
1356:
1339:
1320:
1269:
1253:
1238:
1223:
1211:
1190:
1178:
1166:
1154:
1142:
1130:
1118:
1106:
1094:
1079:
1060:
1035:
1023:
1006:
994:
977:
943:
936:
923:
908:
892:
888:
887:
872:
857:
842:
827:
812:
797:
782:
778:
763:
759:
744:
729:
714:
699:
684:
680:
665:
650:
646:
631:
616:
601:
586:
571:
556:
541:
526:
511:
423:
398:
371:
367:
363:
356:
342:
341:
271:
195:
181:ISO 639 code
177:}}
171:{{
167:}}
161:{{
157:}}
151:{{
146:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
7773:Constructed
7532:Niger–Congo
7472:Afroasiatic
7330:Azerbaijani
7263:orthography
7028:orthography
7013:orthography
6772:orthography
6675:Determiners
6655:Phonologies
5317:(Rotterdam)
5300:(Amsterdam)
5164:'s ochtends
4944:(okay) and
4903:("What?"),
4887:(barrier),
4707:ice cream.
4519:/ˈrœysə(n)/
4495:/ˈblɑfə(n)/
4451:"(I) lived"
4436:/ˈleːvə(n)/
4404:"houses" →
4402:/ˈɦœyzə(n)/
4308:to scratch
4079:'t kofschip
4067:'t kofschip
3951:("guess"),
3862:/steːdə(n)/
3797:("sparrow")
3768:/ˈmyːrə(n)/
3712:/ˈboːnə(n)/
3658:("robber")
3602:/ˈleːkə(n)/
3546:/ˈlaːtə(n)/
3498:is spelled
3475:ver-gaan-de
3416:Exception:
3332:is written
3256:/ˈkoːp.səl/
3192:/ˈlʏ.kə(n)/
3183:/ˈkɔ.pə(n)/
3174:/ˈtɪ.nə(n)/
3165:/ˈtɛ.lə(n)/
3156:/ˈrɑ.mə(n)/
2811:/ˈlɑ.tə(n)/
496:Letter name
359:Netherlands
353:Legal basis
250:Dutch nouns
237:'t kofschip
224:Dutch verbs
7796:Categories
7763:Papiamento
7650:Vietnamese
7617:East Asian
7254:Hungarian
7163:Hindustani
7135:Indo-Aryan
7000:Macedonian
6968:Belarusian
6950:Lithuanian
6912:Portuguese
6670:Adjectives
6518:(in Dutch)
6506:(in Dutch)
6490:2022-11-14
6486:(in Dutch)
6465:2022-11-14
6440:2022-11-14
6319:Oisterwijk
5826:otherwise.
5670:Griekse ij
5651:Normally,
5582:(that is,
5517:2022-11-14
5493:2022-11-14
5489:(in Dutch)
5467:2022-11-14
5463:(in Dutch)
5441:2022-11-14
5437:(in Dutch)
5415:2022-11-14
5411:(in Dutch)
5335:Except in
5239:'s winters
5179:'s middags
5159:such a(n)
5059:March 2020
5011:Apostrophe
4719:I want it
4560:Diacritics
4473:/ˈbloːzdə/
4393:"(I) stay"
4253:infinitive
4215:/ˈlɛɣə(n)/
4175:/ˈɦɛbə(n)/
4133:March 2020
4083:See also:
4038:/ˈmeː.dun/
4021:("and") +
4015:("one") +
3983:("day") +
3938:("hate"),
3923:Exceptions
3893:("ship"),
3806:/ˈmʏsə(n)/
3750:/ˈbɔnə(n)/
3741:("ticket")
3694:/ˈtɪlə(n)/
3640:/ˈlɛkə(n)/
3584:/ˈlɑtə(n)/
3548:("to let")
3530:When free
3511:Long/tense
3319:kin-de-ren
3306:("apples")
3238:/ˈteːl.də/
3220:/ˈraːm.də/
3106:("bowed")
3035:/ˈkoː.pər/
3018:("tints")
2965:("count")
2825:("lath"),
2727:March 2020
2567:March 2020
2166:diphthongs
1729:Consonants
1293:diphthongs
953:Consonants
417:consonants
80:newspapers
7781:Esperanto
7730:Inuktitut
7640:Mongolian
7583:Malayalam
7560:Dravidian
7290:Mordvinic
7175:Maldivian
7075:Ukrainian
6990:Bulgarian
6872:Aromanian
6759:Norwegian
6754:Icelandic
6724:Afrikaans
6484:Onze Taal
5777:bijzonder
5572:loanwords
5330:Den Bosch
5321:Rotterdam
5304:Amsterdam
5224:'s zomers
5209:'s nachts
5194:'s avonds
5030:does not
5005:Friesland
4893:caissière
4880:après-ski
4851:diaeresis
4845:Diaeresis
4770:Come on!
4758:do that?
4703:That was
4675:voor/vóór
4570:diaeresis
4532:/ˈrœystə/
4508:/ˈblɑftə/
4449:/ˈleːvdə/
4417:However,
4313:ik krabde
4296:I worked
4291:ik werkte
4260:Examples
4241:and when
4177:"to have"
4104:does not
3900:("ships")
3839:("day"),
3781:("wall")
3770:("walls")
3725:("bean")
3714:("beans")
3667:diːvə(n)/
3586:("lats")
3522:Short/lax
3516:When free
3462:be-de-len
3439:ambiguity
3310:ge-ko-men
3301:ap-pe-len
3280:A single
3097:("bow" )
3081:(a name)
3079:/ˈly.kɑs/
3060:/ˈkɔp.tə/
2993:(a name)
2833:/ˈlɑt.jə/
2813:("laths")
2758:Old Dutch
2698:does not
2669:follows (
2662:mayonaise
2599:/kaːˈdoː/
2590:Loanwords
2538:does not
2519:Loanwords
926:acharias
589:erdinand
345:uses the
198:July 2024
7725:Cherokee
7678:Hawaiian
7673:Filipino
7606:Okinawan
7601:Japanese
7510:Biblical
7484:Aramaic
7462:Georgian
7439:European
7280:Livonian
7270:Karelian
7258:alphabet
7245:Estonian
7218:Armenian
7213:Albanian
7158:Gurmukhi
7153:Gujarati
7035:Silesian
7023:alphabet
7019:Russian
7008:alphabet
6922:Sicilian
6917:Romanian
6905:alphabet
6767:alphabet
6763:Swedish
6716:Germanic
6690:Pronouns
6665:Grammars
6377:, it is
6323:Helvoirt
5708:-isch(e)
5665:⟩
5661:⟨
5609:digraph
5353:See also
5337:all caps
5312:informal
5295:informal
5269:Den Haag
5156:(zo een)
4950:Enschede
4897:carrière
4885:barrière
4786:, it is
4765:Tóé nou!
4735:That is
4689:Examples
4615:all caps
4611:Taalunie
4286:to work
4268:Meaning
4217:"to lay"
4197:"horses"
4050:*me-doen
4035:mee-doen
3986:arbeider
3953:raad-den
3940:haat-ten
3895:sche-pen
3846:("days")
3819:becomes
3435:spelling
3427:Enschedé
3419:Enschede
3269:(a name)
3253:koop-sel
3104:/bʏk.tə/
3009:("tin")
2991:/ˈti.nə/
2921:("ram")
2360:—
2172:spelling
2070:—
1995:—
1940:—
1884:—
1823:—
1788:—
1745:normally
1735:spelling
1698:—
1614:—
1351:—
1309:checked
1299:spelling
1279:—
1248:—
1233:—
1089:—
1074:—
969:normally
959:spelling
875:antippe
815:heodoor
762:uirinus/
683:odewijk/
544:ornelis
529:ernhard
480:⟩
476:⟨
474:(2) and
466:⟩
462:⟨
458:⟩
454:⟨
384:Alphabet
374:Flanders
7735:Nahuatl
7625:Chinese
7593:Japonic
7578:Kannada
7517:Maltese
7488:Aramaic
7380:Turkmen
7375:Turkish
7340:Crimean
7335:Bashkir
7250:Finnish
7187:Marathi
7143:Bengali
7120:Persian
7110:Kurdish
7105:Avestan
7097:Iranian
7070:Sorbian
7065:Slovene
7004:Polish
6945:Latvian
6927:Spanish
6892:Italian
6877:Catalan
6864:Romance
6807:Cornish
6784:Yiddish
6744:Faroese
6739:English
6642:of the
6371:/ʋi(ː)/
6148:/(t)si/
6131:-s zoon
6125:Jacobsz
6040:before
6036:but as
5972:Zutphen
5906:before
5837:cedilla
5802:before
5712:/is(ə)/
5690:ypsilon
5310:R'dam (
5293:A'dam (
5281:archaic
5263:archaic
5244:archaic
5229:archaic
5214:archaic
5199:archaic
5184:archaic
5169:archaic
5104:it/the
5051:removed
5036:sources
5001:Fryslân
4997:skûtsje
4973:fêteren
4969:enquête
4956:become
4663:een/één
4491:blaffen
4413:"house"
4391:/blɛif/
4378:blijven
4303:krabben
4231:voicing
4191:paarden
4186:/paːrt/
4125:removed
4110:sources
4085:T-rules
4024:twintig
3859:ste-den
3575:("lat")
3365:("you")
3235:teel-de
3217:raam-de
3189:luk-ken
3180:kop-pen
3171:tin-nen
3162:tel-len
3153:ram-men
3124:, free
3013:tin-ten
2969:tel-den
2925:ram-pen
2884:Example
2879:Example
2871:Example
2857:Letter
2841:neither
2719:removed
2704:sources
2631:become
2559:removed
2544:sources
2467:/ʋi(ː)/
2182:checked
2066:/(t)si/
911:psilon
891:muiden/
830:trecht
781:ichard/
766:uinten
619:endrik
421:digraph
357:In the
242:T-rules
190:See why
94:scholar
7750:Creole
7715:other
7706:Ojibwe
7635:Korean
7629:Dungan
7615:other
7573:Telugu
7522:Somali
7505:Hebrew
7493:Syriac
7480:Arabic
7457:Dargwa
7452:Basque
7447:Abkhaz
7437:other
7423:Manchu
7418:Evenki
7385:Uyghur
7360:Kyrgyz
7355:Khakas
7350:Kazakh
7345:Gagauz
7322:Turkic
7312:Udmurt
7300:Erzyan
7295:Moksha
7237:Uralic
7197:Romani
7180:Thaana
7148:Chakma
7115:Pashto
7060:Slovak
6960:Slavic
6937:Baltic
6896:Latin
6882:French
6802:Breton
6794:Celtic
6749:German
6729:Danish
6375:cruise
6355:/u(ː)/
6339:/u(ː)/
6018:Arabic
5772:/i(ː)/
5685:French
5681:i-grec
5592:French
5566:, and
5256:formal
5145:(zijn)
5134:(mijn)
5123:(haar)
5093:a, an
4993:zeilen
4977:gênant
4905:blèren
4855:hiatus
4739:nice.
4633:. The
4625:, and
4553:buzzde
4541:buzzen
4515:ruisen
4456:blozen
4411:/ɦœys/
4398:huizen
4281:werken
4265:Dutch
4211:leggen
4171:hebben
3949:ra-den
3936:ha-ten
3913:lo-ten
3891:/sxɪp/
3877:we-gen
3855:/stɑt/
3841:da-gen
3802:mussen
3779:/myːr/
3746:bonnen
3723:/boːn/
3690:tillen
3663:dieven
3656:/diːf/
3636:lekken
3613:/leːk/
3580:latten
3557:/laːt/
3385:("me")
3249:/koːp/
3231:/teːl/
3213:/raːm/
3101:buk-te
3076:Lu-kas
3057:kop-te
3032:ko-per
2944:te-len
2900:ra-men
2639:, but
2635:, not
2619:, but
2595:cadeau
2455:/u(ː)/
2443:/u(ː)/
2431:/oːi̯/
2407:/u(ː)/
2267:eau(x)
2244:/aːi̯/
2208:/aːi̯/
2162:Vowels
1748:final
1692:/y(ː)/
1668:/y(ː)/
1625:/oːi̯/
1572:/u(ː)/
1535:/i(ː)/
1506:/i(ː)/
1494:/i(ː)/
1472:/ø(ː)/
1448:/eːu̯/
1362:/aːi̯/
1289:Vowels
972:final
895:sbrand
860:illem
845:ictor
785:udolf
747:ieter
604:erard
574:duard
493:Letter
413:vowels
394:long s
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
7740:Osage
7693:Algic
7683:Malay
7655:Nivkh
7568:Tamil
7545:Sotho
7428:Udege
7395:Yakut
7390:Uzbek
7370:Tatar
7365:Nogai
7285:Mansi
7223:Greek
7206:other
7125:Tajik
6995:Czech
6854:Welsh
6839:Irish
6734:Dutch
6695:Verbs
6680:Nouns
6311:/ʋaː/
6291:/œy̯/
5843:when
5787:-lijk
5768:/ɛi̯/
5596:Latin
5101:(het)
5090:(een)
4989:silen
4938:coupé
4922:appèl
4916:appel
4910:appel
4432:leven
4387:blijf
4206:/lɛx/
4182:paard
4166:/ɦɛp/
3909:/lɔt/
3887:schip
3873:/ʋɛx/
3837:/dɑx/
3795:/mʏs/
3764:muren
3739:/bɔn/
3708:bonen
3683:/tɪl/
3647:i(ː)
3629:/lɛk/
3598:leken
3573:/lɑt/
3542:laten
3524:vowel
3513:vowel
3394:/ʋeː/
3374:/meː/
3354:/jeː/
3267:/lyk/
3112:Free
3095:/bʏk/
3051:/kɔp/
3007:/tɪn/
2988:Ti-ne
2963:/tɛl/
2919:/rɑm/
2823:/lɑt/
2667:schwa
2507:/ɛi̯/
2487:/œy̯/
2391:/ʋaː/
2375:/ui̯/
2340:/œy̯/
2324:/ɛi̯/
2308:/ei̯/
2263:au(x)
2185:free
2061:ti(e)
1890:(i)ll
1709:/yu̯/
1680:/œy̯/
1649:/ɔu̯/
1637:/ɔu̯/
1596:/ɔi̯/
1584:/ui̯/
1530:/ɛi̯/
1518:/iu̯/
1460:/ɛi̯/
1398:/ɔu̯/
1386:/ɔu̯/
1374:/ɑi̯/
1315:free
800:imon
702:aria
668:arel
653:acob
649:ohan/
634:zaak
514:nton
101:JSTOR
87:books
7645:Thai
7540:Fula
7413:Even
7307:Sámi
7275:Komi
7192:Odia
7168:Urdu
6844:Manx
6379:/uː/
6315:/oː/
6307:/ʋɑ/
6237:and
6211:/dz/
6207:/ts/
6191:/ɡz/
6109:and
6103:/tʃ/
6101:and
6034:/kʋ/
5904:/dʒ/
5881:/tʃ/
5835:The
5820:/tʃ/
5818:(or
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5746:and
5683:, a
5657:/ɛɪ/
5626:and
5607:The
5530:The
5153:zo'n
5148:his
5126:her
5112:(ik)
5034:any
5032:cite
4946:café
4934:logé
4889:bèta
4869:The
4754:you
4737:very
4667:a(n)
4547:buzz
4465:bloo
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4364:and
4356:and
4338:and
4328:and
4108:any
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4077:and
4069:rule
4046:doen
3851:stad
3825:/iː/
3821:/eː/
3775:muur
3758:y(ː)
3719:boon
3652:dief
3609:leek
3553:laat
3451:/eː/
3407:/ʋə/
3400:"),
3398:womb
3383:/mə/
3363:/jə/
3336:(or
3330:/eː/
3263:Luuk
3245:koop
3227:teel
3209:raam
3071:y(ː)
2983:i(ː)
2845:both
2808:-ten
2795:-ten
2702:any
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2604:kado
2542:any
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2471:/uː/
2414:ooij
2395:/oː/
2387:/ʋɑ/
2366:oeij
2356:/ɔː/
2336:/œː/
2304:/eː/
2292:/ɛː/
2272:/oː/
2256:/ɛː/
2235:aeij
2224:/eː/
2220:/aː/
2191:aaij
2151:/dz/
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2123:/ks/
2118:/ɡz/
2114:/ks/
2102:/tʃ/
1975:/kʋ/
1936:/nj/
1911:/dʒ/
1838:/dʒ/
1815:/tʃ/
1767:/tʃ/
1608:/oː/
1560:/oː/
1513:ieuw
1443:eeuw
1436:/eː/
1420:/eː/
1345:/aː/
1333:/aː/
1312:rare
1196:/sx/
732:tto
717:ico
559:irk
460:and
442:and
154:lang
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6062:/z/
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5877:/ʃ/
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5824:/k/
5816:/s/
5782:/ə/
5752:/ə/
5594:or
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5137:my
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5045:by
4954:not
4942:oké
4901:hè?
4788:new
4784:old
4752:Can
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4705:her
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4655:wèl
4639:Eén
4631:Één
4627:ÉÉN
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4619:één
4596:One
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4574:Eén
4524:rui
4500:bla
4482:-te
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3905:lot
3869:weg
3833:dag
3817:/ɪ/
3791:mus
3735:bon
3679:til
3625:lek
3569:lat
3496:/i/
3455:/ə/
3449:or
3447:/ɛ/
3390:wee
3370:mee
3350:jee
3294:/ə/
3286:/ə/
3122:/r/
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3091:buk
3047:kop
3003:tin
2959:tel
2915:ram
2830:-je
2828:lat
2819:lat
2806:lat
2713:by
2675:).
2611:).
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2503:/ɪ/
2499:/i/
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2315:eij
2288:/ɛ/
2239:aey
2231:aei
2199:aij
2195:aay
2176:IPA
2135:/j/
2097:tsj
2090:/t/
2085:/d/
2081:/t/
2054:/s/
2039:/ʃ/
2027:/ʃ/
2015:/s/
2011:/ʃ/
2006:/ʃ/
2001:sch
1991:/z/
1979:/k/
1963:/k/
1951:/f/
1924:/x/
1920:/ʃ/
1915:/x/
1907:/ʒ/
1895:/j/
1880:/x/
1875:gch
1868:/x/
1863:/x/
1859:/ɣ/
1847:/k/
1842:/ɡ/
1834:/ʒ/
1819:/k/
1811:/ʃ/
1799:/k/
1784:/s/
1772:/k/
1763:/k/
1759:/s/
1739:IPA
1661:/ʏ/
1644:ouw
1620:ooi
1579:oei
1553:/ɔ/
1539:/ə/
1489:/ə/
1484:/ɪ/
1424:/ə/
1415:/ə/
1410:/ɛ/
1393:auw
1357:aai
1326:/ɑ/
1303:IPA
1275:/z/
1244:/v/
1229:/t/
1217:/t/
1205:/s/
1200:/s/
1191:sch
1184:/s/
1172:/r/
1160:/p/
1148:/ŋ/
1136:/n/
1124:/m/
1112:/l/
1100:/k/
1085:/j/
1029:/f/
1017:/t/
1012:/d/
1000:/x/
988:/p/
983:/b/
963:IPA
687:eo
372:In
174:IPA
56:by
7798::
6482:.
6457:.
6432:.
6421:^
6325:).
6250:^
6218:^
6155:^
6091:^
6069:^
5934:^
5888:^
5879:,
5851:,
5810:,
5806:,
5734:^
5698:^
5663:ij
5611:IJ
5562:,
5550:^
5510:.
5485:.
5459:.
5433:.
5407:.
5283:))
5265:))
5246:))
5231:))
5216:))
5201:))
5186:))
5171:))
5120:'r
5115:I
5109:'k
5098:'t
5087:'n
4960:.
4891:,
4883:,
4849:A
4790:!
4723:!
4648::
4641:.
4621:,
4606:ij
4526:st
4502:ft
4467:sd
4443:fd
4018:en
3702:oː
3592:eː
3536:aː
3413:")
3411:we
3409:("
3403:we
3379:me
3359:je
3296:.
3132:.
3067:u
3027:oː
3023:o
2979:i
2939:eː
2935:e
2895:aː
2891:a
2793:la
2505:,
2501:,
2482:uy
2480:,
2469:,
2462:ui
2438:ou
2426:oy
2424:,
2420:,
2416:,
2402:oo
2393:,
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2382:oi
2368:,
2349:,
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2317:,
2306:,
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2251:ai
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1946:ph
1922:,
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1143:ng
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889:IJ
881:IJ
286:IJ
159:,
7631:)
7627:(
6632:e
6625:t
6618:v
6590:(
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6468:.
6443:.
6405:.
6381:.
6268:.
6020:.
5983:.
5859:.
5790:.
5754:.
5729:.
5714:.
5693:.
5598:.
5520:.
5496:.
5470:.
5444:.
5418:.
5314:)
5297:)
5258:)
5072:)
5066:(
5061:)
5057:(
5053:.
5039:.
4958:*
4669:/
4665:(
4594:(
4528:e
4504:e
4469:e
4445:e
4146:)
4140:(
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4127:.
4113:.
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3429:)
3085:ʏ
3041:ɔ
2997:ɪ
2953:ɛ
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2734:(
2729:)
2725:(
2721:.
2707:.
2659:(
2580:)
2574:(
2569:)
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2561:.
2547:.
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464:j
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331:e
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317:v
200:)
196:(
192:.
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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