19:
251:). Dynactin also targets to the kinetochore through binding between DCTN2/dynamitin and zw10 and has a role in mitotic spindle checkpoint inactivation. During prometaphase, dynactin also helps target polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) to kinetochores through cyclin dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1)-phosphorylated DCTN6/p27, which is involved in proper microtubule-kinetochore attachment and recruitment of spindle assembly checkpoint protein
219:
BICD, explaining why it is needed to bring them together. The dynein/dynactin/BICD2 (DDB) complex has also been observed, by negative stain EM, on microtubules. This shows that the cargo (Rab6) binding end of BICD2 extends out through the pointed end complex at the opposite end away from the dynein motor domains.
218:
A cryo-EM structure of dynein, dynactin and BICD2 showed that the BICD2 coiled coil runs along the dynactin filament. The tail of dynein also binds to the Arp1 filament, sitting in the equivalent site that myosin uses to bind actin. The contacts between the dynein tail and dynactin all involve
154:
dimer are embedded in the shoulder, whereas the N-terminal 1227 amino acids form the projecting arm. The arm consists of an N-terminal CAPGly domain which can bind the C-terminal tails of microtubules and the microtubule plus end binding protein EB1. This is followed by a basic region, also
214:
Dynein and dynactin were reported to interact directly by the binding of dynein intermediate chains with p150. The affinity of this interaction is around 3.5ΞΌM. Dynein and dynactin do not run together in a sucrose gradient, but can be induced to form a tight complex in the presence of the
130:
binds to Arp11 and Ξ²-actin and p25 and p27 bind both p62 and Arp11. At the barbed end the capping protein (CapZΞ±Ξ²) binds the Arp1 filament in the same way that it binds actin, although with more charge complementarity, explaining why it binds dynactin more tightly than actin.
215:
N-terminal 400 amino acids of
Bicaudal D2 (BICD2), a cargo adaptor that links dynein and dynactin to Golgi derived vesicles. In the presence of BICD2, dynactin binds to dynein and activates it to move for long distances along microtubules.
155:
involved in microtubule binding, a folded-back coiled coil (CC1), the intercoiled domain (ICD) and a second coiled coil domain (CC2). The p150Glued arm can dock into against the side of the Arp1 filament and pointed end complex.
59:
Dynactin was identified as an activity that allowed purified cytoplasmic dynein to move membrane vesicles along microtubules in vitro. It was shown to be a multiprotein complex and named "dynactin" because of its role in
206:
are not essential for dynactin complex integrity, but are required for early and recycling endosome transport during the interphase and regulation of the spindle assembly checkpoint in mitosis.
75:. It appears as a short filament, 37-nm in length, which resembles F-actin, plus a thinner, laterally oriented arm. Antibody labelling was used to map the location of the dynactin subunits.
1720:"Molecular characterization of the 50-kD subunit of dynactin reveals function for the complex in chromosome alignment and spindle organization during mitosis"
126:
A 4Γ
cryo-EM structure of dynactin revealed that its filament contains eight Arp1 molecules, one Ξ²-actin and one Arp11. In the pointed end complex p62/
198:
along with Drp1 (Dynamin related protein 1) have been documented as vital to the attachment of mitochondria to the dynactin complex. Dynactin p25/
1908:"Cytoplasmic dynein/dynactin drives kinetochore protein transport to the spindle poles and has a role in mitotic spindle checkpoint inactivation"
150:
emerge from the shoulder and coat the filament, providing a mechanism for controlling the filament length. The C-termini of the p150Glued/
291:
regulators to centrosomes. In addition to transport of various organelles in the cytoplasm, dynactin also links kinesin II to organelles.
857:"Dynactin-dependent, dynein-driven vesicle transport in the absence of membrane proteins: a role for spectrin and acidic phospholipids"
730:
Uetake Y, Terada Y, Matuliene J, Kuriyama R (May 2004). "Interaction of Cep135 with a p50 dynactin subunit in mammalian centrosomes".
227:
Dynactin is often essential for dynein activity and can be thought of as a "dynein receptor" that modulates binding of dynein to cell
146:. These proteins form long bundles of alpha helices, which wrap over each other and contact the Arp1 filament. The N-termini of p50/
195:
191:
108:
2114:"Dynamics of cytoplasmic dynein in living cells and the effect of a mutation in the dynactin complex actin-related protein Arp1"
517:"Ultrastructural analysis of the dynactin complex: an actin-related protein is a component of a filament that resembles F-actin"
898:"Activation of endosomal dynein motors by stepwise assembly of Rab7-RILP-p150Glued, ORP1L, and the receptor betalll spectrin"
465:"Dynactin, a conserved, ubiquitously expressed component of an activator of vesicle motility mediated by cytoplasmic dynein"
566:"Analysis of dynactin subcomplexes reveals a novel actin-related protein associated with the arp1 minifilament pointed end"
767:"Centractin (ARP1) associates with spectrin revealing a potential mechanism to link dynactin to intracellular organelles"
376:
Carter AP, Diamant AG, Urnavicius L (April 2016). "How dynein and dynactin transport cargos: a structural perspective".
1316:
Splinter D, Razafsky DS, Schlager MA, Serra-Marques A, Grigoriev I, Demmers J, Keijzer N, Jiang K, Poser I, Hyman AA,
194:
are essential for dynactin complex integrity and dynactin/dynein targeting to the nuclear envelope before mitosis.
247:. Dynactin contributes to mitotic spindle pole focusing through its binding to nuclear mitotic apparatus protein (
2401:
2163:"Genetic interactions among cytoplasmic dynein, dynactin, and nuclear distribution mutants of Neurospora crassa"
287:
separation and delayed entry into S phase, suggesting that dynactin contributes to the recruitment of important
275:
and facilitate nuclear envelope breakdown via its DCTN4/p62 and Arp11 subunits. Dynactin is also required for
1218:"Cytoplasmic dynein binds dynactin through a direct interaction between the intermediate chains and p150Glued"
624:
Urnavicius L, Zhang K, Diamant AG, Motz C, Schlager MA, Yu M, Patel NA, Robinson CV, Carter AP (March 2015).
2406:
2318:
Deacon SW, Serpinskaya AS, Vaughan PS, Lopez
Fanarraga M, Vernos I, Vaughan KT, Gelfand VI (February 2003).
1632:
King SJ, Schroer TA (January 2000). "Dynactin increases the processivity of the cytoplasmic dynein motor".
243:-2 motors. Dynactin is involved in various processes like chromosome alignment and spindle organization in
186:. The pointed end complex (PEC) has been shown to be involved in selective cargo binding. PEC subunits p62/
1164:
Yeh TY, Kowalska AK, Scipioni BR, Cheong FK, Zheng M, Derewenda U, Derewenda ZS, Schroer TA (April 2013).
1524:
Waterman-Storer CM, Karki SB, Kuznetsov SA, Tabb JS, Weiss DG, Langford GM, Holzbaur EL (October 1997).
999:"Arp11 affects dynein-dynactin interaction and is essential for dynein function in Aspergillus nidulans"
2006:"Dynactin is required to maintain nuclear position within postmitotic Drosophila photoreceptor neurons"
1166:"Dynactin helps target Polo-like kinase 1 to kinetochores via its left-handed beta-helical p27 subunit"
896:
Johansson M, Rocha N, Zwart W, Jordens I, Janssen L, Kuijl C, Olkkonen VM, Neefjes J (February 2007).
283:
and centrosome integrity. Destabilization of the centrosomal pool of dynactin also causes abnormal G1
255:. In addition, dynactin has been shown to play an essential role in maintaining nuclear position in
2174:
2066:
1537:
1431:
637:
22:
1810:"Opposing motor activities are required for the organization of the mammalian mitotic spindle pole"
179:
72:
1100:
2143:
1700:
1657:
1101:"Regulation of mitochondria-dynactin interaction and mitochondrial retrograde transport in axons"
979:
236:
564:
Eckley DM, Gill SR, Melkonian KA, Bingham JB, Goodson HV, Heuser JE, Schroer TA (October 1999).
1526:"The interaction between cytoplasmic dynein and dynactin is required for fast axonal transport"
2349:
2300:
2251:
2202:
2135:
2094:
2035:
1986:
1937:
1906:
Howell BJ, McEwen BF, Canman JC, Hoffman DB, Farrar EM, Rieder CL, Salmon ED (December 2001).
1888:
1839:
1790:
1749:
1692:
1649:
1614:
1565:
1506:
1457:
1400:
1351:
1317:
1298:
1247:
1195:
1143:
1082:
1028:
971:
927:
878:
837:
796:
747:
712:
663:
595:
546:
494:
445:
393:
358:
171:
1322:"BICD2, dynactin, and LIS1 cooperate in regulating dynein recruitment to cellular structures"
354:
2339:
2331:
2290:
2282:
2241:
2233:
2192:
2182:
2125:
2084:
2074:
2025:
2017:
1976:
1968:
1927:
1919:
1878:
1870:
1829:
1821:
1808:
Gaglio T, Saredi A, Bingham JB, Hasbani MJ, Gill SR, Schroer TA, Compton DA (October 1996).
1780:
1739:
1731:
1684:
1641:
1604:
1596:
1555:
1545:
1496:
1488:
1447:
1439:
1390:
1382:
1341:
1333:
1288:
1278:
1237:
1229:
1185:
1177:
1133:
1125:
1072:
1064:
1018:
1010:
961:
917:
909:
868:
827:
786:
778:
739:
702:
694:
653:
645:
585:
577:
536:
528:
484:
476:
435:
427:
385:
350:
268:
1675:
Berezuk MA, Schroer TA (February 2007). "Dynactin enhances the processivity of kinesin-2".
1114:"The p25 subunit of the dynactin complex is required for dynein-early endosome interaction"
174:. Arp1 has been suggested as the domain for dynactin binding to membrane vesicles (such as
175:
33:
18:
814:
Holleran EA, Ligon LA, Tokito M, Stankewich MC, Morrow JS, Holzbaur EL (September 2001).
2178:
2070:
1541:
1435:
855:
Muresan V, Stankewich MC, Steffen W, Morrow JS, Holzbaur EL, Schnapp BJ (January 2001).
641:
71:
The main features of dynactin were visualized by quick-freeze, deep-etch, rotary shadow
2371:"Brain disorder suggests common mechanism may underlie many neurodegenerative diseases"
2344:
2319:
2295:
2270:
2246:
2221:
2089:
2054:
2030:
2005:
1981:
1956:
1932:
1907:
1883:
1858:
1834:
1809:
1744:
1719:
1609:
1584:
1501:
1476:
1452:
1419:
1395:
1370:
1346:
1321:
1293:
1266:
1242:
1217:
1190:
1165:
1138:
1113:
1077:
1052:
1023:
998:
922:
897:
791:
766:
707:
682:
658:
625:
590:
565:
541:
516:
489:
464:
440:
415:
2130:
2113:
1785:
1768:
966:
949:
873:
856:
2395:
2197:
2162:
1688:
1560:
1525:
1014:
300:
244:
2147:
1704:
1661:
983:
1585:"Regulation of cytoplasmic dynein function in vivo by the Drosophila Glued complex"
463:
Gill SR, Schroer TA, Szilak I, Steuer ER, Sheetz MP, Cleveland DW (December 1991).
232:
2220:
Quintyne NJ, Gill SR, Eckley DM, Crego CL, Compton DA, Schroer TA (October 1999).
2387:
1371:"In vitro reconstitution of a highly processive recombinant human dynein complex"
1267:"Structural dynamics and multiregion interactions in dynein-dynactin recognition"
280:
276:
163:
159:
40:
2167:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2059:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1583:
McGrail M, Gepner J, Silvanovich A, Ludmann S, Serr M, Hays TS (October 1995).
1530:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1420:"Activation of cytoplasmic dynein motility by dynactin-cargo adapter complexes"
948:
Salina D, Bodoor K, Eckley DM, Schroer TA, Rattner JB, Burke B (January 2002).
1769:"Cytoplasmic dynein and dynactin in cell division and intracellular transport"
1477:"Structural organization of the dynein-dynactin complex bound to microtubules"
389:
315:
288:
256:
228:
1550:
1369:
Schlager MA, Hoang HT, Urnavicius L, Bullock SL, Carter AP (September 2014).
2370:
2271:"Distinct cell cycle-dependent roles for dynactin and dynein at centrosomes"
2187:
2079:
1443:
1386:
1337:
1283:
1068:
698:
649:
284:
260:
2353:
2304:
2255:
2139:
2098:
2039:
1941:
1892:
1859:"Formation of spindle poles by dynein/dynactin-dependent transport of NuMA"
1794:
1696:
1653:
1510:
1461:
1404:
1355:
1302:
1233:
1199:
1147:
1086:
1032:
975:
931:
882:
841:
832:
815:
782:
751:
716:
667:
599:
480:
431:
397:
362:
83:
Dynactin consists of three major structural domains: (1) sidearm-shoulder:
2335:
2286:
2237:
2206:
1990:
1972:
1923:
1874:
1843:
1825:
1753:
1735:
1618:
1600:
1569:
1251:
1181:
1129:
913:
800:
581:
550:
532:
498:
449:
2383:
272:
183:
2055:"Mechanism of positioning the cell nucleus in vertebrate photoreceptors"
1051:
Yeh TY, Quintyne NJ, Scipioni BR, Eckley DM, Schroer TA (October 2012).
1112:
Zhang J, Yao X, Fischer L, Abenza JF, PeΓ±alva MA, Xiang X (June 2011).
626:"The structure of the dynactin complex and its interaction with dynein"
240:
167:
36:
2021:
1492:
1857:
Merdes A, Heald R, Samejima K, Earnshaw WC, Cleveland DW (May 2000).
997:
Zhang J, Wang L, Zhuang L, Huo L, Musa S, Li S, Xiang X (July 2008).
743:
683:"Dynactin integrity depends upon direct binding of dynamitin to Arp1"
409:
407:
305:
96:
48:
47:-1. It is built around a short filament of actin related protein-1 (
44:
1418:
McKenney RJ, Huynh W, Tanenbaum ME, Bhabha G, Vale RD (July 2014).
950:"Cytoplasmic dynein as a facilitator of nuclear envelope breakdown"
515:
Schafer DA, Gill SR, Cooper JA, Heuser JE, Schroer TA (July 1994).
1645:
681:
Cheong FK, Feng L, Sarkeshik A, Yates JR, Schroer TA (July 2014).
310:
264:
203:
199:
187:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
127:
120:
116:
112:
100:
92:
88:
84:
1718:
Echeverri CJ, Paschal BM, Vaughan KT, Vallee RB (February 1996).
2379:
2004:
Whited JL, Cassell A, Brouillette M, Garrity PA (October 2004).
252:
248:
104:
2222:"Dynactin is required for microtubule anchoring at centrosomes"
2053:
Tsujikawa M, Omori Y, Biyanwila J, Malicki J (September 2007).
765:
Holleran EA, Tokito MK, Karki S, Holzbaur EL (December 1996).
1475:
Chowdhury S, Ketcham SA, Schroer TA, Lander GC (April 2015).
2320:"Dynactin is required for bidirectional organelle transport"
2112:
Xiang X, Han G, Winkelmann DA, Zuo W, Morris NR (May 2000).
1099:
Catherine Drerup, Amy
Herbert, Kelly Monk, Alex Nechiporuk,
1053:"Dynactin's pointed-end complex is a cargo-targeting module"
1957:"ZW10 helps recruit dynactin and dynein to the kinetochore"
1955:
Starr DA, Williams BC, Hays TS, Goldberg ML (August 1998).
816:"beta III spectrin binds to the Arp1 subunit of dynactin"
416:"Two activators of microtubule-based vesicle transport"
2378:
This article incorporates text from the public domain
2161:
Bruno KS, Tinsley JH, Minke PF, Plamann M (May 1996).
619:
617:
615:
613:
611:
609:
158:DCTN2 (dynamitin) is also involved in anchoring
343:Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology
1159:
1157:
1046:
1044:
1042:
134:The shoulder contains two copies of p150Glued/
1265:Morgan JL, Song Y, Barbar E (November 2011).
943:
941:
235:. Dynactin also enhances the processivity of
8:
2343:
2294:
2245:
2196:
2186:
2129:
2088:
2078:
2029:
1980:
1931:
1882:
1833:
1784:
1743:
1608:
1559:
1549:
1500:
1481:Nature Structural & Molecular Biology
1451:
1394:
1345:
1292:
1282:
1241:
1189:
1137:
1076:
1022:
965:
921:
872:
831:
790:
706:
657:
589:
540:
488:
439:
267:. Dynein and dynactin concentrate on the
39:complex that acts as a co-factor for the
2269:Quintyne NJ, Schroer TA (October 2002).
1320:, King SJ, Akhmanova A (November 2012).
355:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.20.012103.094623
341:Schroer TA (November 2004). "Dynactin".
17:
1216:Vaughan KT, Vallee RB (December 1995).
1211:
1209:
414:Schroer TA, Sheetz MP (December 1991).
336:
334:
332:
330:
326:
1767:Karki S, Holzbaur EL (February 1999).
378:Current Opinion in Structural Biology
7:
510:
508:
1271:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
820:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
107:; and (3) the pointed end complex:
732:Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton
231:which are to be transported along
14:
182:) through its association with Ξ²-
1689:10.1111/j.1600-0854.2006.00517.x
1015:10.1111/j.1600-0854.2008.00748.x
1773:Current Opinion in Cell Biology
95:/p24/p22;(2)the Arp1 filament:
1:
2131:10.1016/S0960-9822(00)00488-7
1786:10.1016/S0955-0674(99)80006-4
1326:Molecular Biology of the Cell
1057:Molecular Biology of the Cell
967:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00628-6
874:10.1016/S1097-2765(01)00165-4
687:Molecular Biology of the Cell
2324:The Journal of Cell Biology
2275:The Journal of Cell Biology
2226:The Journal of Cell Biology
1961:The Journal of Cell Biology
1912:The Journal of Cell Biology
1863:The Journal of Cell Biology
1814:The Journal of Cell Biology
1724:The Journal of Cell Biology
1589:The Journal of Cell Biology
1222:The Journal of Cell Biology
1118:The Journal of Cell Biology
902:The Journal of Cell Biology
771:The Journal of Cell Biology
570:The Journal of Cell Biology
521:The Journal of Cell Biology
469:The Journal of Cell Biology
420:The Journal of Cell Biology
2423:
2377:
390:10.1016/j.sbi.2015.12.003
1551:10.1073/pnas.94.22.12180
2188:10.1073/pnas.93.10.4775
2080:10.1073/pnas.0700178104
1444:10.1126/science.1254198
1387:10.15252/embj.201488792
1338:10.1091/mbc.E12-03-0210
1284:10.1074/jbc.M111.296277
1069:10.1091/mbc.E12-07-0496
699:10.1091/mbc.E14-03-0842
650:10.1126/science.aaa4080
210:Interaction with dynein
166:and may play a role in
1234:10.1083/jcb.131.6.1507
833:10.1074/jbc.M104838200
783:10.1083/jcb.135.6.1815
481:10.1083/jcb.115.6.1639
432:10.1083/jcb.115.5.1309
142:and two copies of p24/
138:, four copies of p50/
26:
2336:10.1083/jcb.200210066
2287:10.1083/jcb.200203089
2238:10.1083/jcb.147.2.321
1973:10.1083/jcb.142.3.763
1924:10.1083/jcb.200105093
1875:10.1083/jcb.149.4.851
1826:10.1083/jcb.135.2.399
1736:10.1083/jcb.132.4.617
1601:10.1083/jcb.131.2.411
1182:10.1038/emboj.2013.30
1130:10.1083/jcb.201011022
914:10.1083/jcb.200606077
582:10.1083/jcb.147.2.307
533:10.1083/jcb.126.2.403
21:
23:Quaternary structure
2179:1996PNAS...93.4775B
2071:2007PNAS..10414819T
1634:Nature Cell Biology
1542:1997PNAS...9412180W
1436:2014Sci...345..337M
1228:(6 Pt 1): 1507β16.
777:(6 Pt 2): 1815β29.
642:2015Sci...347.1441U
636:(6229): 1441β1446.
73:electron microscopy
2373:. 11 January 2009.
237:cytoplasmic dynein
99:/Arp1/centractin,
43:motor cytoplasmic
27:
2022:10.1242/dev.01366
1493:10.1038/nsmb.2996
826:(39): 36598β605.
172:brain development
170:formation during
2414:
2402:Protein families
2374:
2358:
2357:
2347:
2315:
2309:
2308:
2298:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2249:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2200:
2190:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2133:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2092:
2082:
2065:(37): 14819β24.
2050:
2044:
2043:
2033:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1984:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1935:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1886:
1854:
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1847:
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1805:
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1757:
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1715:
1709:
1708:
1672:
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1629:
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1612:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1563:
1553:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1504:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1455:
1430:(6194): 337β41.
1415:
1409:
1408:
1398:
1375:The EMBO Journal
1366:
1360:
1359:
1349:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1296:
1286:
1277:(45): 39349β59.
1262:
1256:
1255:
1245:
1213:
1204:
1203:
1193:
1170:The EMBO Journal
1161:
1152:
1151:
1141:
1109:
1103:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1080:
1048:
1037:
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1026:
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988:
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945:
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886:
876:
852:
846:
845:
835:
811:
805:
804:
794:
762:
756:
755:
744:10.1002/cm.10175
727:
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621:
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561:
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512:
503:
502:
492:
460:
454:
453:
443:
411:
402:
401:
373:
367:
366:
338:
269:nuclear envelope
263:or in different
91:/p50/dynamitin,
2422:
2421:
2417:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2411:
2392:
2391:
2390:
2369:
2366:
2364:Further reading
2361:
2317:
2316:
2312:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2173:(10): 4775β80.
2160:
2159:
2155:
2118:Current Biology
2111:
2110:
2106:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2016:(19): 4677β86.
2003:
2002:
1998:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1717:
1716:
1712:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1536:(22): 12180β5.
1523:
1522:
1518:
1474:
1473:
1469:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1381:(17): 1855β68.
1368:
1367:
1363:
1332:(21): 4226β41.
1315:
1314:
1310:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1215:
1214:
1207:
1163:
1162:
1155:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1098:
1094:
1063:(19): 3827β37.
1050:
1049:
1040:
996:
995:
991:
947:
946:
939:
895:
894:
890:
854:
853:
849:
813:
812:
808:
764:
763:
759:
729:
728:
724:
693:(14): 2171β80.
680:
679:
675:
623:
622:
607:
563:
562:
558:
514:
513:
506:
462:
461:
457:
413:
412:
405:
375:
374:
370:
340:
339:
328:
324:
297:
225:
212:
81:
57:
12:
11:
5:
2420:
2418:
2410:
2409:
2407:Motor proteins
2404:
2394:
2393:
2376:
2375:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2359:
2330:(3): 297β301.
2310:
2261:
2212:
2153:
2104:
2045:
1996:
1947:
1918:(7): 1159β72.
1898:
1849:
1820:(2): 399β414.
1800:
1759:
1710:
1667:
1624:
1575:
1516:
1467:
1410:
1361:
1308:
1257:
1205:
1176:(7): 1023β35.
1153:
1124:(7): 1245β55.
1104:
1092:
1038:
1009:(7): 1073β87.
989:
937:
888:
861:Molecular Cell
847:
806:
757:
722:
673:
605:
556:
504:
475:(6): 1639β50.
455:
426:(5): 1309β18.
403:
368:
325:
323:
320:
319:
318:
313:
308:
303:
296:
293:
224:
221:
211:
208:
80:
77:
56:
53:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2419:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2372:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2355:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2314:
2311:
2306:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2281:(2): 245β54.
2280:
2276:
2272:
2265:
2262:
2257:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2232:(2): 321β34.
2231:
2227:
2223:
2216:
2213:
2208:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2157:
2154:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2124:(10): 603β6.
2123:
2119:
2115:
2108:
2105:
2100:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2049:
2046:
2041:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2000:
1997:
1992:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1967:(3): 763β74.
1966:
1962:
1958:
1951:
1948:
1943:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1902:
1899:
1894:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1869:(4): 851β62.
1868:
1864:
1860:
1853:
1850:
1845:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1804:
1801:
1796:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1763:
1760:
1755:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1730:(4): 617β33.
1729:
1725:
1721:
1714:
1711:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1671:
1668:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1646:10.1038/71338
1643:
1639:
1635:
1628:
1625:
1620:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1595:(2): 411β25.
1594:
1590:
1586:
1579:
1576:
1571:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1520:
1517:
1512:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1471:
1468:
1463:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1414:
1411:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1365:
1362:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1318:Hoogenraad CC
1312:
1309:
1304:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1261:
1258:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1201:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1096:
1093:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
993:
990:
985:
981:
977:
973:
968:
963:
960:(1): 97β107.
959:
955:
951:
944:
942:
938:
933:
929:
924:
919:
915:
911:
908:(4): 459β71.
907:
903:
899:
892:
889:
884:
880:
875:
870:
867:(1): 173β83.
866:
862:
858:
851:
848:
843:
839:
834:
829:
825:
821:
817:
810:
807:
802:
798:
793:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
761:
758:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
726:
723:
718:
714:
709:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
677:
674:
669:
665:
660:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
620:
618:
616:
614:
612:
610:
606:
601:
597:
592:
587:
583:
579:
576:(2): 307β20.
575:
571:
567:
560:
557:
552:
548:
543:
538:
534:
530:
527:(2): 403β12.
526:
522:
518:
511:
509:
505:
500:
496:
491:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
459:
456:
451:
447:
442:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
410:
408:
404:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
372:
369:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
337:
335:
333:
331:
327:
321:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
301:Motor protein
299:
298:
294:
292:
290:
286:
282:
279:anchoring at
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
245:cell division
242:
238:
234:
230:
222:
220:
216:
209:
207:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
180:late endosome
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
156:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
132:
129:
124:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
78:
76:
74:
69:
67:
63:
54:
52:
50:
46:
42:
38:
35:
31:
24:
20:
16:
2327:
2323:
2313:
2278:
2274:
2264:
2229:
2225:
2215:
2170:
2166:
2156:
2121:
2117:
2107:
2062:
2058:
2048:
2013:
2009:
1999:
1964:
1960:
1950:
1915:
1911:
1901:
1866:
1862:
1852:
1817:
1813:
1803:
1779:(1): 45β53.
1776:
1772:
1762:
1727:
1723:
1713:
1683:(2): 124β9.
1680:
1676:
1670:
1637:
1633:
1627:
1592:
1588:
1578:
1533:
1529:
1519:
1487:(4): 345β7.
1484:
1480:
1470:
1427:
1423:
1413:
1378:
1374:
1364:
1329:
1325:
1311:
1274:
1270:
1260:
1225:
1221:
1173:
1169:
1121:
1117:
1107:
1095:
1060:
1056:
1006:
1002:
992:
957:
953:
905:
901:
891:
864:
860:
850:
823:
819:
809:
774:
770:
760:
738:(1): 53β66.
735:
731:
725:
690:
686:
676:
633:
629:
573:
569:
559:
524:
520:
472:
468:
458:
423:
419:
381:
377:
371:
346:
342:
233:microtubules
226:
217:
213:
160:microtubules
157:
133:
125:
87:/p150Glued,
82:
70:
65:
61:
58:
29:
28:
15:
2010:Development
1640:(1): 20β4.
281:centrosomes
277:microtubule
271:during the
164:centrosomes
41:microtubule
25:of dynactin
2396:Categories
349:: 759β79.
322:References
316:Centractin
289:cell cycle
257:Drosophila
229:organelles
190:and Arp11/
119:/p25, and
2388:IPR008603
384:: 62β70.
285:centriole
261:zebrafish
223:Functions
79:Structure
68:ivation.
55:Discovery
2384:InterPro
2354:12551954
2305:12391026
2256:10525538
2148:29254054
2140:10837229
2099:17785424
2040:15329347
1942:11756470
1893:10811826
1795:10047518
1705:46446471
1697:17181772
1662:20349195
1654:10620802
1511:25751425
1462:25035494
1405:24986880
1356:22956769
1303:21931160
1200:23455152
1148:21708978
1087:22918948
1033:18410488
984:18798861
976:11792324
932:17283181
883:11172722
842:11461920
752:14983524
717:24829381
668:25814576
600:10525537
398:26773477
363:15473859
295:See also
273:prophase
202:and p27/
184:spectrin
111:/Arp11,
32:is a 23
30:Dynactin
2345:2172679
2296:2173046
2247:2174233
2207:8643479
2175:Bibcode
2090:1976238
2067:Bibcode
2031:2714772
1991:9700164
1982:2148168
1933:2199338
1884:2174573
1844:8896597
1835:2121053
1754:8647893
1745:2199864
1677:Traffic
1619:7593168
1610:2199972
1570:9342383
1538:Bibcode
1502:4385409
1453:4224444
1432:Bibcode
1424:Science
1396:4158905
1347:3484101
1294:3234759
1252:8522607
1243:2120689
1191:3616283
1139:3216330
1078:3459859
1024:2586032
1003:Traffic
923:2063981
801:8991093
792:2133946
708:4091830
659:4413427
638:Bibcode
630:Science
591:2174220
551:7518465
542:2200042
499:1836789
490:2289205
450:1835460
441:2289226
241:kinesin
168:synapse
37:protein
34:subunit
2352:
2342:
2303:
2293:
2254:
2244:
2205:
2195:
2146:
2138:
2097:
2087:
2038:
2028:
1989:
1979:
1940:
1930:
1891:
1881:
1842:
1832:
1793:
1752:
1742:
1703:
1695:
1660:
1652:
1617:
1607:
1568:
1558:
1509:
1499:
1460:
1450:
1403:
1393:
1354:
1344:
1301:
1291:
1250:
1240:
1198:
1188:
1146:
1136:
1085:
1075:
1031:
1021:
982:
974:
930:
920:
881:
840:
799:
789:
750:
715:
705:
666:
656:
598:
588:
549:
539:
497:
487:
448:
438:
396:
361:
306:Dynein
196:Actr10
192:Actr10
123:/p27.
115:/p62,
109:Actr10
97:ACTR1A
45:dynein
2198:39355
2144:S2CID
1701:S2CID
1658:S2CID
1561:23743
980:S2CID
311:DCTN1
265:fungi
204:DCTN6
200:DCTN5
188:DCTN4
176:Golgi
152:DCTN1
148:DCTN2
144:DCTN3
140:DCTN2
136:DCTN1
128:DCTN4
121:DCTN6
117:DCTN5
113:DCTN4
101:actin
93:DCTN3
89:DCTN2
85:DCTN1
2382:and
2380:Pfam
2350:PMID
2301:PMID
2252:PMID
2203:PMID
2136:PMID
2095:PMID
2036:PMID
1987:PMID
1938:PMID
1889:PMID
1840:PMID
1791:PMID
1750:PMID
1693:PMID
1650:PMID
1615:PMID
1566:PMID
1507:PMID
1458:PMID
1401:PMID
1352:PMID
1299:PMID
1248:PMID
1196:PMID
1144:PMID
1083:PMID
1029:PMID
972:PMID
954:Cell
928:PMID
879:PMID
838:PMID
797:PMID
748:PMID
713:PMID
664:PMID
596:PMID
547:PMID
495:PMID
446:PMID
394:PMID
359:PMID
253:Mad1
249:NuMA
239:and
105:CapZ
64:ein
49:Arp1
2340:PMC
2332:doi
2328:160
2291:PMC
2283:doi
2279:159
2242:PMC
2234:doi
2230:147
2193:PMC
2183:doi
2126:doi
2085:PMC
2075:doi
2063:104
2026:PMC
2018:doi
2014:131
1977:PMC
1969:doi
1965:142
1928:PMC
1920:doi
1916:155
1879:PMC
1871:doi
1867:149
1830:PMC
1822:doi
1818:135
1781:doi
1740:PMC
1732:doi
1728:132
1685:doi
1642:doi
1605:PMC
1597:doi
1593:131
1556:PMC
1546:doi
1497:PMC
1489:doi
1448:PMC
1440:doi
1428:345
1391:PMC
1383:doi
1342:PMC
1334:doi
1289:PMC
1279:doi
1275:286
1238:PMC
1230:doi
1226:131
1186:PMC
1178:doi
1134:PMC
1126:doi
1122:193
1073:PMC
1065:doi
1019:PMC
1011:doi
962:doi
958:108
918:PMC
910:doi
906:176
869:doi
828:doi
824:276
787:PMC
779:doi
775:135
740:doi
703:PMC
695:doi
654:PMC
646:doi
634:347
586:PMC
578:doi
574:147
537:PMC
529:doi
525:126
485:PMC
477:doi
473:115
436:PMC
428:doi
424:115
386:doi
351:doi
178:or
162:to
66:act
62:dyn
51:).
2398::
2386::
2348:.
2338:.
2326:.
2322:.
2299:.
2289:.
2277:.
2273:.
2250:.
2240:.
2228:.
2224:.
2201:.
2191:.
2181:.
2171:93
2169:.
2165:.
2142:.
2134:.
2122:10
2120:.
2116:.
2093:.
2083:.
2073:.
2061:.
2057:.
2034:.
2024:.
2012:.
2008:.
1985:.
1975:.
1963:.
1959:.
1936:.
1926:.
1914:.
1910:.
1887:.
1877:.
1865:.
1861:.
1838:.
1828:.
1816:.
1812:.
1789:.
1777:11
1775:.
1771:.
1748:.
1738:.
1726:.
1722:.
1699:.
1691:.
1679:.
1656:.
1648:.
1636:.
1613:.
1603:.
1591:.
1587:.
1564:.
1554:.
1544:.
1534:94
1532:.
1528:.
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1495:.
1485:22
1483:.
1479:.
1456:.
1446:.
1438:.
1426:.
1422:.
1399:.
1389:.
1379:33
1377:.
1373:.
1350:.
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1330:23
1328:.
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1297:.
1287:.
1273:.
1269:.
1246:.
1236:.
1224:.
1220:.
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1194:.
1184:.
1174:32
1172:.
1168:.
1156:^
1142:.
1132:.
1120:.
1116:.
1081:.
1071:.
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1059:.
1055:.
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1027:.
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926:.
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2150:.
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1993:.
1971::
1944:.
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1895:.
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
