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321:). Another theory has to do with thermoregulation in the sense that a black beetle heats up faster than yellow and then once they have warmed up theoretically there will be less moisture in the cuticle which leads to changing to a colour which does not heat as quickly so they won't overheat.
312:
the beetles will maintain some dark spots on their cuticle. Some hypotheses for why this colour change occurs at all are the ability to blend with surroundings depending on the time of day (black for nighttime and yellow for daytime) to best avoid their main predator, the
703:
will last one to two years, with the larva growing up to 4.5 inches (11 cm) in length and weighing more than 100 g (3.5 oz). Much of the life of the larva is spent tunneling through rotting wood. After the larval period, transformation into a
724:, tend to have a shorter adult lifespan in the wild (two to four months), but in captivity they live for about the same amount of time as the eastern species. It has also been noted that captive longevity is possible without a hibernation period.
308:
in the cuticle which leads to a change in colour in most cases. Since the change is due to humidity it is a reversible process, however, it has been observed that after multiple colour changes or high
681:
is thought to be a sister taxon to the
Central American "white Hercules" lineage. The intermediate species that bridges the "white Hercules" and the "giant Hercules" lineages is thought to be
300:
can change colour but not as completely as males, which is not yet explained as the mechanism for the colour change is still not completely understood. What is known is that changes in
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the cuticle appears black. This is due to the change in refraction index allowing us to see the difference in colours. This system is known as a hygrochromic effect. Female
292:
lying parallel to the cuticle surface. When the cuticle is filled with gas this layer can show through, presenting the yellow to khaki green colour, but when filled with
281:. Specific species have been noted to occur with either black or yellowish to khaki green elytra. This variation in colour is due to a spongy layer below the transparent
1311:
1015:
Kim, Jae Hyun; Moon, Jun Hyuk; Lee, Seung-Yop; Park, Jungyul (2010-09-06). "Biologically inspired humidity sensor based on three-dimensional photonic crystals".
712:, the beetle then emerges as an adult. Adults of most species can live from two to ten months and some can even live one or two years. Eastern Hercules beetles,
1337:
665:, some are able to produce viable offspring with one another. This has been observed in captivity, but it is unclear if wild beetles will engage in acts of
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Huang, Jen-Pan (2016-10-15). "Parapatric genetic introgression and phenotypic assimilation: testing conditions for introgression between
Hercules beetles (
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Hinton, H.E.; Jarman, G.M. (1973). "Physiological colour change in the elytra of the
Hercules beetle,
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Krell, Frank-Thorsten; Krell, Victoria H. I. (2015). "Longevity of the
Western Hercules beetle,
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Male: 50–115 mm (2.0–4.5 in); female: 30–55 mm (1.2–2.2 in)
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Male: 50–90 mm (2.0–3.5 in); female: 40–50 mm (1.6–2.0 in)
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Male: 35–70 mm (1.4–2.8 in); female: 30–45 mm (1.2–1.8 in)
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eastern United States (New York and
Florida west to Illinois and Texas)
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southwestern United States (Arizona, New Mexico, Utah), northern Mexico
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915:"Diffractive hygrochromic effect in the cuticle of the Hercules beetle
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Rassart, M; Colomer, J-F; Tabarrant, T; Vigneron, J P (2008-03-11).
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northwestern South
America (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela)
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Mexico, Belize, El
Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala, Nicaragua.
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southern Mexico, Central and South
America, Lesser Antilles
716:, can live six to twenty-three months in captivity with a
269:. Some species have an iridescent colouration to their
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Although there are numerous species under the genus
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261:, forming a "plier"; the pronotal horn has reddish
398:Western Hercules beetle or Grants' Hercules beetle
265:on its underside. This pronotal horn is absent in
223:either north or south, and two species endemic to
1091:Horn (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae)".
788:Hardy, 2003 - Description of a new species of
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1402:Taxa named by William Kirby (entomologist)
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897:Generic Guide to New World Scarab Beetles
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677:are believed to be sister species, while
647:Unicorn beetle or Eastern Hercules beetle
347:
815:
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803:, volume 5, Dynastini 1. (Dynastidae)
337:, not counting putative subspecies of
1099:(4). Coleopterists Society: 760–760.
242:head and prothorax showing the pliers
7:
1369:FD02ECF3-F5E4-458E-9523-C584FB3B49B5
1356:F34FE44E-1F3A-FFE1-CD84-FF12512EFE4C
720:period. Western Hercules beetles,
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277:also have the ability to change
253:bear two long horns, one on the
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273:. Certain species of the genus
1023:(10). AIP Publishing: 103701.
1:
936:10.1088/1367-2630/10/3/033014
929:(3). IOP Publishing: 033014.
991:10.1016/0022-1910(73)90064-4
979:Journal of Insect Physiology
333:currently recognized in the
985:(3). Elsevier BV: 533–549.
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1105:10.1649/0010-065x-69.4.760
1093:The Coleopterists Bulletin
669:. Certain species such as
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166:
159:
61:Scientific classification
59:
50:
41:
34:
860:(21). Wiley: 5513–5526.
801:The Beetles of the World
191:belonging to the family
1017:Applied Physics Letters
257:, and the other on the
923:New Journal of Physics
799:Lachaume (G.), 1985 -
243:
535:Sierra de los Tuxtlas
304:affect the levels of
238:
1140:at Wikimedia Commons
315:tropical screech owl
195:. They occur in the
187:is a genus of large
25:Dynastes (mythology)
1397:Scarabaeidae genera
215:species (including
1055:2017-01-18 at the
244:
1379:
1378:
1164:Taxon identifiers
1134:Media related to
1050:Maya white beetle
1029:10.1063/1.3486115
975:Dynastes hercules
917:Dynastes hercules
866:10.1111/mec.13849
854:Molecular Ecology
825:Dynastes hercules
775:Dynastes neptunus
700:Dynastes hercules
654:
653:
560:Dynastes neptunus
496:Maya white beetle
429:Dynastes hercules
319:Megascops choliba
290:photonic crystals
287:three-dimensional
201:Neotropical realm
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1089:Dynastes grantii
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389:Dynastes grantii
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329:There are eight
173:Burmeister, 1847
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53:Dynastes grantii
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16:Genus of beetles
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637:Dynastes tityus
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526:Dynastes moroni
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476:
464:Dynastes hyllus
443:Hercules beetle
360:Scientific name
341:Hercules beetle
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221:Central America
152:
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19:For the son of
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128:Scarabaeidae
51:
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29:
1299:iNaturalist
1196:Wikispecies
1059:, Open Cage
718:hibernation
529:Nagai, 2005
493:Hardy, 2003
363:Common Name
231:Description
203:, from the
199:and in the
1392:Dynastinae
1386:Categories
810:References
722:D. grantii
689:Life cycle
671:D. grantii
537:in Mexico
118:Coleoptera
98:Arthropoda
1151:Dynastes
1137:Dynastes
1113:0010-065X
1037:0003-6951
999:0022-1910
945:1367-2630
884:0962-1083
714:D. tityus
697:stage of
679:D. tityus
675:D. hyllus
569:Schönherr
505:Guatemala
499:southern
468:Chevrolat
170:Theogenes
138:Dynastini
84:Kingdom:
78:Eukaryota
1234:BugGuide
1210:BioLib:
1202:Dynastes
1181:Wikidata
1172:Dynastes
1053:Archived
850:Dynastes
790:Dynastes
710:moulting
663:Dynastes
642:Linnaeus
612:Bolivia.
509:Honduras
434:Linnaeus
306:moisture
302:humidity
298:Dynastes
275:Dynastes
259:pronotum
251:Dynastes
240:Dynastes
184:Dynastes
161:Synonyms
149:Dynastes
124:Family:
94:Phylum:
88:Animalia
74:Domain:
36:Dynastes
21:Heracles
1364:ZooBank
1317:1307194
1291:1074497
1187:Q511827
796:, Nr. 9
794:Besoiro
792:Kirby,
728:Gallery
683:D. maya
644:, 1763)
565:Quensel
331:species
325:Species
283:cuticle
267:females
211:; four
189:beetles
144:Genus:
134:Tribe:
114:Order:
108:Insecta
104:Class:
1330:926613
1278:1DYNSG
1226:381198
1111:
1069:Biolib
1035:
997:
943:
882:
827:at UFL
708:, and
695:larval
606:, 1909
571:, 1805
501:Mexico
470:, 1843
395:, 1870
357:Larvae
354:Female
310:stress
279:colour
271:elytra
217:Mexico
209:Brazil
23:, see
1351:Plazi
1343:60842
1312:IRMNG
1304:83805
1265:17017
1213:55478
604:Moser
335:genus
294:fluid
263:setae
247:Males
1338:NCBI
1325:ITIS
1286:GBIF
1273:EPPO
1252:48YP
1239:2876
1221:BOLD
1109:ISSN
1033:ISSN
995:ISSN
941:ISSN
880:ISSN
706:pupa
693:The
673:and
438:1758
393:Horn
351:Male
255:head
1260:EoL
1247:CoL
1101:doi
1025:doi
987:doi
977:".
931:doi
870:hdl
862:doi
567:in
249:of
207:to
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858:25
856:.
832:^
685:.
507:,
503:,
436:,
345::
227:.
1115:.
1103::
1039:.
1027::
1001:.
989::
947:.
933::
919:"
886:.
872::
864::
640:(
563:(
511:.
440:)
432:(
343:)
317:(
27:.
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