283:
as the applicant's: the foetus was viable in the X case whereas in the present case there might be an issue as to the extent to which the State was required to guarantee the right to life of a foetus which suffered from a lethal genetic abnormality. The meaning of "unborn" in
Article 40.3.3° had attracted some public and academic comment (notably, the Green Paper on Abortion at paragraphs 35-38 above and a leading textbook on Irish constitutional law "The Irish Constitution", Kelly, at § 7.3.28). However, there had been little judicial examination of the meaning of "unborn" and certainly no case comparable to the present. Accordingly, although it was true that Article 40.3.3 had to be understood as excluding a liberal abortion regime, the courts were nonetheless unlikely to interpret the provision with remorseless logic particularly when the facts were exceptional. If therefore it had been established that there was no realistic prospect of the foetus being born alive, then there was "at least a tenable" argument which would be seriously considered by the domestic courts to the effect that the foetus was not an "unborn" for the purposes of Article 40.3.3 or that, even if it was an "unborn", its right to life was not actually engaged as it had no prospect of life outside the womb. In the absence of a domestic decision, it was impossible to foresee that Article 40.3.3 clearly excluded an abortion in the applicant's situation in Ireland.
2971:
248:
the above-noted limitations. She invoked
Articles 3, 8 and 10 of the Convention. She further complained under Article 14 that she was discriminated against as a pregnant woman or as a pregnant woman with a lethal foetal abnormality: a person with a serious medical problem would never have encountered such difficulties in obtaining medical care and advice.
1023:
282:
More centrally, it was an open question as to whether
Article 40.3.3° could have allowed a lawful abortion in Ireland in the applicant's circumstances. The X case demonstrated the potential for judicial development in this area and, further, the X case did not exclude possible evolution in cases such
247:
D complained about the need to travel abroad to have an abortion in the case of a lethal foetal abnormality and about the restrictions for which the 1995 Act provided. She expressly confined her complaint to the situation of a fatal foetal diagnosis, considering that her situation was exacerbated by
178:
in
Ireland. It refers to the court case itself, and the circumstances surrounding abortion for fatal foetal abnormalities in Ireland. In 2002 Deirdre Conroy discovered her pregnancy was non-viable and had a termination in Northern Ireland. A public letter, written using a pseudonym, asking for it to
261:
The
Government maintained that, as soon as the diagnosis of Trisomy 18 was confirmed, the applicant should have initiated an action in the High Court, pursued if unsuccessful to the Supreme Court, to obtain a declaration that Article 40.3.3 of the Constitution allowed an abortion in Ireland in the
665:
The State argued that the Irish courts were "unlikely" to interpret
Article 40.3.3 "with remorseless logic particularly when the facts were exceptional" and that there was "at least a tenable" argument that an unborn with a fatal abnormality would not attract the protection of Article 40.3.3. She
201:
In
January 2002, Deirdre Conroy was 39, the mother of two boys aged 10 and 12, and expecting twins. At 14 weeks pregnant, the initial results of an amniocentesis test revealed one of the twins had died. Three weeks later, full test results revealed the second twin had
223:
supported termination for FFA in that case. Terminations for fatal foetal abnormalities were not covered by the Twenty-fifth
Amendment referendum, and would have remained illegal regardless of the outcome of that vote.
3005:
210:
196:
180:
910:
297:
The court dismissed the case, since D did not comply with the requirement to exhaust domestic remedies as regards the availability of abortion in
Ireland in the case of fatal foetal abnormality.
155:(Art. 1) Obligation to respect human rights, (Art. 3) Prohibition of torture, (Art. 8) Right to respect for private and family life, (Art. 10) Freedom of expression -{General}, (Art. 13)
943:
1124:
977:
1000:
971:
965:
903:
730:
1139:
392:
206:, a condition which usually ends in miscarriage or death shortly after birth because of heart abnormalities, kidney malformations, and other internal organ disorders.
994:
959:
341:
3000:
2620:
2995:
1720:
1313:
938:
896:
363:
314:
219:
newspaper, using the pseudonym
Deirdre de Barra, telling of her case, and asking for termination for fatal foetal abnormalities to be legalised in Ireland.
19:
This article is about 2006 ECHR case about termination for fatal foetal abnormalities. For the teenager, Miss D, who travelled to the UK in 2007, see
3015:
3010:
2004:
234:
for a termination. The Irish hospital would not give her a referral letter, and her doctors were very guarded when discussing abortion with her.
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1779:
1190:
759:
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1099:
802:
313:, and spoke publicly about her case, and her experiences. She requested to address the Oireachtas committee that was debating the
2635:
1306:
577:
56:
2655:
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1924:
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might have won had she gone to court in Ireland, said the State. The ECHR accepted the State's contention so found against her.
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1299:
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The Irish government maintained that termination for fatal foetal abnormalities might not be illegal, pointing to the
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1764:
183:. She lost a court case in the ECHR in 2006 because she had not exhausted all domestic remedies. In 2013 after the
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The letter was credited with playing a part in the defeat of the Twenty-fifth Amendment referendum.
187:, she came forward, revealed her identity and again asked for this sort of termination to be legal.
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1969:
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2014:
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1939:
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2009:
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1144:
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386:
231:
203:
111:
309:, Deirdre Conroy revealed herself as Deirdre de Barra of the original letter, and the D in
2906:
1934:
1819:
1715:
421:
262:
case of a fatal foetal abnormality together with the necessary ancillary mandatory order.
215:
1854:
1929:
1265:
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336:
98:
888:
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43:
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2755:
1814:
1727:
1260:
1205:
1129:
116:
731:"Deirdre Conroy: I don't want any other woman to go through the ordeal I endured"
2889:
1215:
1200:
1104:
1051:
883:
369:
2894:
1869:
1809:
1686:
1322:
175:
16:
Case of the European Court of Human Rights concerning abortion in Ireland
1291:
1270:
1028:
375:
351:
271:
20:
1024:
Services outside the State for Termination of Pregnancies Act 1995
1280:
380:
1659:
1295:
892:
760:"My options were to feel my unborn child die, or watch her die"
197:
Twenty-fifth Amendment of the Constitution Bill, 2002 (Ireland)
851:"D case woman wants to address Oireachtas committee hearings"
680:"European court rejects plea to hear abortion law challenge"
1655:
828:"Fianna Fáil defers abortion legislation support decision"
944:
Health (Regulation of Termination of Pregnancy) Act 2018
578:"'Reasonable compromise' beset by a tide of controversy"
1125:
Migrants and Ethnic-minorities for Reproductive Justice
467:
465:
410:
408:
3006:
European Court of Human Rights cases involving Ireland
1001:
Twenty-fifth Amendment (Remove risk of suicide etc.)
615: (European Court of Human Rights 2006),
2915:
2827:
2754:
2679:
2608:
2527:
2294:
2118:
1955:
1948:
1757:
1736:
1693:
1615:
1330:
1253:
1153:
1077:
1070:
1010:
987:
978:
Thirty-sixth Amendment (Repeal of Eighth Amendment)
952:
926:
149:
88:
78:
70:
62:
52:
42:
35:
30:
803:"A 'very real tragedy' behind a human rights case"
775:"Savita's tragedy brought back my abortion battle"
631:"Foetus may not always be an unborn, argues State"
393:Termination for Medical Reasons (advocacy group)
213:, in February 2002, she wrote an open letter to
342:Eighth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland
280:
1671:
1307:
904:
8:
939:Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013
474:"Abnormalities are not covered in amendment"
364:Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013
315:Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013
179:be legal was credited with influencing the
1952:
1678:
1664:
1656:
1314:
1300:
1292:
1074:
995:Twelfth Amendment (Remove risk of suicide)
911:
897:
889:
159:, (Art. 14) Prohibition of discrimination
417:"Woman at centre of 'D' case speaks out"
705:"Woman loses fight over abortion claim"
404:
606:
604:
602:
600:
598:
443:de Barra, Deirdre (25 February 2002).
27:
3001:Republic of Ireland abortion case law
7:
1840:Libertarian perspectives on abortion
934:Offences Against the Person Act 1861
2996:Abortion in the Republic of Ireland
1915:Societal attitudes towards abortion
1835:Legalized abortion and crime effect
920:Abortion in the Republic of Ireland
526:"'A Yes vote will protect doctors'"
524:Coulter, Carol (28 February 2002).
472:Holland, Kitty (26 February 2002).
332:European Convention on Human Rights
327:Abortion in the Republic of Ireland
1865:Misinformation related to abortion
1775:Beginning of pregnancy controversy
1191:Irish Catholic Bishops' Conference
972:Fourteenth Amendment (Information)
278:could develop what "unborn" means
57:ECLI:CE:ECHR:2006:0627DEC002649902
14:
1780:Abortion-breast cancer hypothesis
1100:Irish Family Planning Association
801:O'Sullivan, Claire (3 May 2013).
211:Twenty-fifth Amendment Referendum
2970:
2969:
657:"Abortion law: what comes next?"
3016:2006 in the Republic of Ireland
3011:2002 in the Republic of Ireland
1925:Termination for medical reasons
1140:Termination for Medical Reasons
849:Connolly, Niamh (12 May 2013).
655:Holland, Kitty (27 July 2013).
629:Coulter, Carol (14 July 2006).
576:Coulter, Carol (8 March 2002).
499:"Norris lauds courage of woman"
266:Possibly not illegal in Ireland
879:Full court judgement on bailii
678:Coulter, Carol (6 July 2006).
172:European Court of Human Rights
1:
1770:Beginning of human personhood
1090:Amnesty International Ireland
966:Thirteenth Amendment (Travel)
884:Full court judgement on HUDOC
773:Murphy, Cormac (2 May 2013).
415:Holland, Kitty (3 May 2013).
1880:Paternal rights and abortion
551:"The year between the lines"
347:Death of Savita Halappanavar
307:death of Savita Halappanavar
185:death of Savita Halappanavar
157:Right to an effective remedy
1805:Ethical aspects of abortion
1236:Pro-Life Amendment Campaign
3032:
1765:Abortion and mental health
445:""Referendum on Abortion""
194:
18:
2965:
1744:Abortion-rights movements
953:Constitutional amendments
154:
145:
104:
93:
83:
2005:Central African Republic
1790:Abortion under communism
1085:Abortion Rights Campaign
855:The Sunday Business Post
181:2002 abortion referendum
2840:Dilation and evacuation
2789:Conscientious objection
2774:History of abortion law
1800:Crisis pregnancy center
1749:Anti-abortion movements
758:Cullen-Delsol, Claire.
230:She later travelled to
63:Language of proceedings
2845:Dilation and curettage
2809:Late-term restrictions
2329:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1905:Sex-selective abortion
1785:Anti-abortion violence
1373:Bosnia and Herzegovina
290:
132:Javier Borrego Borrego
71:Nationality of parties
36:Submitted 11 July 2002
2902:Self-induced abortion
1900:Self-induced abortion
1825:Genetics and abortion
1721:Philosophical aspects
251:
242:
209:In the run up to the
2865:Menstrual extraction
2814:Parental involvement
2276:United Arab Emirates
1890:Prenatal development
1154:Anti-abortion rights
1044:A, B and C v Ireland
358:A, B and C v Ireland
38:Decided 27 June 2006
2875:Abortifacient drugs
2595:Trinidad and Tobago
1910:Sidewalk counseling
1895:Reproductive rights
1860:Minors and abortion
1616:States with limited
1276:Savita Halappanavar
1078:Pro-abortion rights
2769:Constitutional law
2560:Dominican Republic
1885:Post-abortion care
1845:Limit of viability
1830:Late-term abortion
830:. RTÉ. 13 May 2013
780:The Evening Herald
557:. 14 December 2002
505:. 27 February 2002
305:In 2013 after the
301:Later developments
274:as proof that the
89:Court composition
2983:
2982:
2835:Vacuum aspiration
2750:
2749:
1653:
1652:
1289:
1288:
1249:
1248:
1231:Pro Life Campaign
1181:Family & Life
1176:Every Life Counts
988:Failed amendments
736:Irish Independent
709:Irish Independent
257:Domestic Remedies
170:is a case of the
163:
162:
3023:
2973:
2972:
2870:Medical abortion
2804:Informed consent
2794:Fetal protection
2646:Papua New Guinea
2636:Marshall Islands
1953:
1875:One-child policy
1680:
1673:
1666:
1657:
1590:Northern Ireland
1331:Sovereign states
1316:
1309:
1302:
1293:
1221:Niamh UĂ Bhriain
1145:Together for Yes
1110:Janet O'Sullivan
1075:
1060:Mellet v Ireland
960:Eighth Amendment
913:
906:
899:
890:
866:
865:
863:
861:
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840:
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469:
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455:
440:
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431:
429:
412:
387:Mellet v Ireland
288:
232:Northern Ireland
204:Edwards syndrome
137:Ljiljana Mijović
112:Giovanni Bonello
28:
3031:
3030:
3026:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3021:
3020:
2986:
2985:
2984:
2979:
2961:
2911:
2907:Unsafe abortion
2823:
2819:Spousal consent
2779:Laws by country
2746:
2675:
2656:Solomon Islands
2604:
2523:
2449:North Macedonia
2290:
2241:Northern Cyprus
2114:
1944:
1935:Unsafe abortion
1820:Forced abortion
1753:
1732:
1716:Abortion debate
1689:
1684:
1654:
1649:
1635:Northern Cyprus
1617:
1611:
1505:North Macedonia
1326:
1320:
1290:
1285:
1245:
1149:
1066:
1006:
983:
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922:
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742:
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728:
724:
714:
712:
703:
702:
698:
688:
686:
684:The Irish Times
677:
676:
672:
654:
653:
649:
639:
637:
635:The Irish Times
628:
627:
623:
610:
609:
596:
586:
584:
582:The Irish Times
575:
574:
570:
560:
558:
555:The Irish Times
549:
548:
544:
534:
532:
530:The Irish Times
523:
522:
518:
508:
506:
503:The Irish Times
497:
496:
492:
482:
480:
478:The Irish Times
471:
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463:
453:
451:
449:The Irish Times
442:
441:
437:
427:
425:
422:The Irish Times
414:
413:
406:
401:
323:
303:
295:
289:
287:
268:
259:
254:
252:Ireland's claim
245:
240:
216:The Irish Times
199:
193:
141:
122:Matti Pellonpää
97:
37:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3029:
3027:
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2850:Intact D&X
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2519:United Kingdom
2516:
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2346:
2344:Czech Republic
2341:
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2316:
2311:
2306:
2300:
2298:
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2203:
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2077:
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2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1961:
1959:
1950:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1940:Women's rights
1937:
1932:
1930:Toxic abortion
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
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739:. 11 July 2013
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711:. 6 July 2006
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127:Kristaq Traja
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2930:Christianity
2885:Mifepristone
2880:Methotrexate
2860:Instillation
2784:Buffer zones
2256:Saudi Arabia
2085:South Africa
2080:Sierra Leone
1985:Burkina Faso
1855:Men's rights
1815:Fetal rights
1728:Abortion law
1645:Transnistria
1607:Vatican City
1261:Mamie Cadden
1206:John McGuirk
1130:Peter Boylan
1058:
1050:
1042:
1035:
1034:
858:. Retrieved
854:
844:
832:. Retrieved
822:
810:. Retrieved
806:
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784:. Retrieved
778:
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741:. Retrieved
734:
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713:. Retrieved
708:
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687:. Retrieved
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638:. Retrieved
634:
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585:. Retrieved
581:
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559:. Retrieved
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529:
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507:. Retrieved
502:
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481:. Retrieved
477:
452:. Retrieved
448:
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426:. Retrieved
420:
385:
368:
356:
311:D. v Ireland
310:
304:
296:
281:
269:
260:
246:
229:
226:
221:David Norris
214:
208:
200:
166:
165:
164:
117:John Hedigan
105:
94:
84:Inadmissible
25:
2957:Scientology
2935:Catholicism
2890:Misoprostol
2855:Hysterotomy
2641:New Zealand
2565:El Salvador
2509:Switzerland
2444:Netherlands
2246:Philippines
2216:South Korea
2211:North Korea
2126:Afghanistan
1701:Definitions
1694:Main topics
1618:recognition
1565:Switzerland
1500:Netherlands
1254:Individuals
1216:Maria Steen
1201:John Bruton
1171:David Quinn
1105:Ivana Bacik
1036:D v Ireland
927:Legislation
661:Irish Times
612:D v Ireland
174:concerning
167:D v Ireland
48:D v Ireland
31:D v Ireland
2990:Categories
2621:Micronesia
2550:Costa Rica
2479:San Marino
2439:Montenegro
2419:Luxembourg
2399:Kazakhstan
2206:Kazakhstan
2176:East Timor
2146:Bangladesh
2136:Azerbaijan
2055:Madagascar
2025:The Gambia
2000:Cape Verde
1949:By country
1535:San Marino
1495:Montenegro
1475:Luxembourg
1455:Kazakhstan
1358:Azerbaijan
399:References
238:Court case
195:See also:
2742:Venezuela
2687:Argentina
2616:Australia
2585:Nicaragua
2570:Guatemala
2414:Lithuania
2261:Singapore
1920:Socialism
1737:Movements
1470:Lithuania
1325:in Europe
1052:PP v. HSE
370:PP v. HSE
293:Judgement
243:D's claim
95:President
2975:Category
2942:Hinduism
2925:Buddhism
2917:Religion
2895:Oxytocin
2764:Case law
2732:Suriname
2722:Paraguay
2707:Colombia
2631:Kiribati
2575:Honduras
2494:Slovenia
2489:Slovakia
2464:Portugal
2334:Bulgaria
2231:Malaysia
2161:Cambodia
2110:Zimbabwe
2090:Tanzania
2020:Eswatini
1995:Cameroon
1980:Botswana
1870:Natalism
1810:Eugenics
1687:Abortion
1625:Abkhazia
1595:Scotland
1550:Slovenia
1545:Slovakia
1520:Portugal
1378:Bulgaria
1323:Abortion
1071:Advocacy
1011:Case law
321:See also
286:—
176:abortion
150:Keywords
2952:Judaism
2828:Methods
2737:Uruguay
2712:Ecuador
2692:Bolivia
2671:Vanuatu
2609:Oceania
2535:Bahamas
2514:Ukraine
2469:Romania
2429:Moldova
2389:Ireland
2384:Iceland
2379:Hungary
2369:Germany
2359:Finland
2354:Estonia
2349:Denmark
2339:Croatia
2324:Belgium
2319:Belarus
2314:Austria
2309:Andorra
2304:Albania
2281:Vietnam
2226:Lebanon
2181:Georgia
2141:Bahrain
2131:Armenia
2075:Senegal
2070:Nigeria
2065:Namibia
2050:Liberia
2045:Lesotho
1990:Burundi
1965:Algeria
1711:Methods
1706:History
1585:England
1575:Ukraine
1525:Romania
1485:Moldova
1443:Ireland
1438:Iceland
1433:Hungary
1423:Germany
1418:Georgia
1408:Finland
1403:Estonia
1398:Denmark
1383:Croatia
1368:Belgium
1363:Belarus
1353:Austria
1348:Armenia
1343:Andorra
1338:Albania
860:26 July
834:26 July
812:28 July
786:26 July
743:26 July
715:26 July
689:26 July
640:26 July
587:26 July
561:26 July
535:26 July
509:26 July
483:26 July
454:26 July
428:26 July
66:English
2717:Guyana
2697:Brazil
2666:Tuvalu
2590:Panama
2580:Mexico
2545:Canada
2540:Belize
2504:Sweden
2484:Serbia
2474:Russia
2459:Poland
2454:Norway
2434:Monaco
2404:Latvia
2374:Greece
2364:France
2296:Europe
2271:Turkey
2266:Taiwan
2196:Israel
2171:Cyprus
2156:Brunei
2151:Bhutan
2105:Zambia
2100:Uganda
2060:Malawi
2035:Guinea
1970:Angola
1957:Africa
1758:Issues
1630:Kosovo
1570:Turkey
1560:Sweden
1540:Serbia
1530:Russia
1515:Poland
1510:Norway
1490:Monaco
1460:Latvia
1428:Greece
1413:France
1388:Cyprus
1271:Miss D
1063:(2016)
1055:(2014)
1047:(2010)
1039:(2006)
1031:(1997)
1029:C Case
1020:(1992)
1018:X Case
1003:(2002)
997:(1992)
980:(2018)
974:(1992)
968:(1992)
962:(1983)
376:Miss D
352:X Case
272:X Case
106:Judges
79:Ruling
21:Miss D
2947:Islam
2702:Chile
2661:Tonga
2651:Samoa
2499:Spain
2424:Malta
2394:Italy
2286:Yemen
2251:Qatar
2236:Nepal
2201:Japan
2186:India
2166:China
2040:Kenya
2030:Ghana
2015:Egypt
1975:Benin
1600:Wales
1555:Spain
1480:Malta
1450:Italy
74:Irish
2727:Peru
2626:Fiji
2555:Cuba
2221:Laos
2191:Iran
2119:Asia
2095:Togo
2010:Chad
1281:Ms Y
862:2016
836:2016
814:2016
788:2016
745:2016
717:2016
691:2016
642:2016
617:Text
589:2016
563:2016
537:2016
511:2016
485:2016
456:2016
430:2016
381:Ms Y
53:ECLI
2756:Law
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