43:
335:, although he is never identified. Then follows Daniel 11, the "Book of Truth": much of the history it recounts is accurate down to the two successive Syrian invasions of Egypt in 170 and 168 BC, but there was no third war between Egypt and Syria, and Antiochus did not die in Palestine. The failure of prophecy helps pinpoint the date of composition: the author knows of the desecration of the Temple in December 167, but not of its re-dedication or of the death of Antiochus, both in late 164; the countdown of days remaining to the end-time in Daniel 12:11–12 differs from that in
505:(the "ships of Kittim") and forced to retreat (verses 29–30). Verses 30–31 describe the events that followed: passing once more through Jerusalem, Antiochus instituted a persecution of Jewish customs and religion, desecrated the Temple, and established a garrison there. Verses 32–39 describe the response of "the wise" (the group associated with the Book of Daniel) and "the many" (the population at large): the wise suffer and die so that the many will understand. In time the faithful receive "a little help" (possibly, but not certainly, a reference to
408:, the angel of Israel, is in battle with the "prince (i.e., angelic patron) of Persia", and this will be followed by further battle with the "prince of Greece"; the theological point being made is that the fate of nations is decided in heaven, not on earth. The same theme underlies the reference to the heavenly "Book of Truth" which is about to be revealed to Daniel, and which supposedly forms the content of chapter 11: both the past and the future are written already, and God is sovereign over all.
434:, irrespective of their good or bad deeds, but the idea that the righteous would be rewarded and the wicked punished began to appear in the 3rd century, and is clearly expressed in Daniel 12:2–3: "Many of those who sleep in the dust of the earth shall awake..." (although the "many" implies that not all will be resurrected). Chapter 7 spoke of the coming "kingdom of heaven", but Daniel 10–12 does not say that history will end with the coming of the Jewish kingdom.
348:
494:, (Antiochus sold the priesthood twice over, first to a relative of Onias named Jason, and then to a rival of Jason's named Menelaus), and verses 23–24 apparently refer to his liberality in scattering the spoils among his supporters. Verses 25–28 describe his first war with Egypt, in 170 BC, in which he was largely but not entirely successful. In 169, on his way back to Syria, he stopped in Jerusalem to plunder the Temple (verse 28).
443:
474:'s prophecy that the exile would last 70 years. Chapter 11, the centre-piece of the revelation, gives a broad sweep of history from the 6th century BC to the 2nd, but the coverage is uneven: two centuries of Persian history plus Alexander the Great's conquests and the breakup of his empire, over two and a half centuries of history, are covered in three verses (2–4), but the century and a half of wars between the
260:
251:
fulfilled and is told, "From the time that the daily sacrifice is abolished and the abomination that causes desolation is set up, there will be 1,290 days; blessed is the one who waits for and reaches the end of the 1,335 days". At the end of the vision, Daniel is told "Go your way", and promised his inheritance at the end of days.
242:
Chapter 11, the report of the vision: The angel continues: there will be four kings of Persia, and the last will make war on Greece. After him will come a great king, but that king's empire will be broken up. There will be wars and marriages between the kings of the South and the North (described in
561:
The tamid offering was a lamb accompanied by fine flour, oil and wine, burnt in the morning and the evening. See Lust, 2002, p.672. The exact nature of the "abomination" is somewhat mysterious, but it was clearly a blasphemous pagan disruption of the worship of the God of Israel, possibly involving
489:
Verses 20–39, the bulk of the historically accurate verses, deal with
Antiochus, who reigned 175–164 BC. Verse 21 describes him as "the contemptible person to whom royal majesty has not been given", meaning that he came to the throne by questionable means. Verse 22 notes his removal of the High
250:
Chapter 12, the epilogue: At the end-time, "Michael, the great prince who protects your people, will arise." There will be great distress, but those whose names are written will be saved, the dead will awaken to everlasting shame or life. Daniel asks how long it will be before these things are
509:, who led an armed revolt against the Greeks). Verses 36–39 appear to carry Antiochus' history to the cosmic plane, detailing the blasphemy of the tyrant who considered himself a demi-god. He "spoke astonishing things against the God of gods" and gave "no heed to the god of his fathers".
2299:
512:
Verses 40–45 finish the chapter with the prophecy that the unnamed king would make war once again against many, and would die without support. In
Antiochus' case, there was no third war with Egypt and he died in Persia or in Babylon.
199:
spoke of the kingdom of the saints or "holy ones" of the Most High", but Daniel 10–12 does not say that history will end with the coming of the Jewish kingdom; rather, the "wise" will be brought back to life to lead Israel in the new
315:, a literary figure in which elements mirror each other: chapter 2 is the counterpart of chapter 7, chapter 3 of chapter 6, and chapter 4 of chapter 5, with the second member of each pair advancing the first in some way.
330:
original". The unit begins with a third-person introduction (10:1), and then switches to Daniel speaking in his own voice as one of the two primary characters, his angelic partner being the second—this is probably the
42:
296:
The first six chapters are folktales dating from the late
Persian/early Hellenistic period, while the visions of chapters 7–12 date from between 167 and 164. A probable outline of the composition is as follows:
231:(the Persian conqueror of Babylon), after fasting for three weeks, Daniel sees a vision of a man clothed in linen, clearly a supernatural being, who tells him that he is currently engaged in a battle with the "
415:". The predicted reversal of the blasphemy will usher in the end of history, the theme of the four earthly kingdoms first introduced in Daniel 2 and developed in Daniel 7 and 8; they will be replaced by the
284:
It is generally accepted by modern scholars that the Daniel who appears as the hero of the Book of Daniel never existed, but that the authors reveal their true identity at the end of Daniel 12: they are the
191:, the "wise", of whom Daniel is one: "Those among the people who are wise shall make many understand ...", and its fundamental theme is God's control over history. The climax comes with the prophecy of the
381:(after the event) prophecy, with close parallels with certain Babylonian works. The only true prophecy is the prediction of the death of Antiochus, which is probably based on Ezekiel's prophecy of
289:, the "wise", of whom Daniel is one: "Those among the people who are wise shall make many understand ...". The actual background to the book was the persecution of the Jews by the Greek king
111:
990:
247:". At the end-time there will be a war between the king of the South and the king of the North, and the king of the North will meet his end "between the sea and the Holy Mountain".
2320:
1563:
2531:
1536:
1290:
2716:
400:
32:8–9 God assigned each nation its own divine patron; originally these were subordinate gods, but by the time Daniel came to be written they had been redefined as
1180:
2190:
2778:
1626:
1994:
1880:
1806:
1758:
411:
The constant preoccupation of the vision chapters is
Antiochus's replacement of the "tamid", the twice-daily burnt offering to the God of Israel, by the "
1605:
322:
Within the three chapters of Daniel 10–12, Daniel 10 serves as prologue, chapter 11 as the report of the angelic vision, and chapter 12 as the epilogue.
2234:
151:
1691:
2430:
1973:
1922:
1357:
1053:
2768:
1380:
1241:
1785:
1121:
1100:
2015:
2819:
1647:
1589:(Volume 3 of Daniel and Revelation Committee Series ed.). Biblical Research Institute, General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists.
2364:
1406:
319:
is then a new beginning, and the single vision contained in chapters 10–12 advances that argument further and gives it more precision.
1636:
1000:
979:
2103:
2398:
2353:
2332:
2309:
2288:
2267:
2246:
2223:
2200:
2179:
2155:
2134:
2113:
2092:
2069:
2048:
2027:
2004:
1983:
1962:
1932:
1911:
1890:
1869:
1839:
1795:
1774:
1747:
1657:
1615:
1575:
1552:
1525:
1504:
1460:
1439:
1431:
An
Introduction to Second Temple Judaism: History and Religion of the Jews in the Time of Nehemiah, the Maccabees, Hillel, and Jesus
1392:
1346:
1325:
1313:
1302:
1276:
1253:
1218:
1163:
1133:
1110:
1086:
1065:
1042:
1021:
572:
1206:
1011:
2793:
2824:
2721:
2450:
2080:
575:
in
Ezekiel 37:1–14 does not refer to individual resurrection but to the restoration of the nation of Israel – see Towner, p.166.
2829:
2613:
2388:
1829:
62:
2374:
1859:
1818:
1726:
1703:
1680:
1594:
1483:
1418:
1369:
1192:
592:) in Cyprus, but applied to the Greeks and Romans; the same verse mentions Ashur, meaning Syria, and Eber, meaning Palestine.
176:", when Israel will be vindicated and the dead raised, some to everlasting life and some to shame and everlasting contempt.
2798:
144:
1076:
239:, your prince". He must soon return to the combat, but first he will tell Daniel what is written in the "book of truth".
2423:
2059:
1952:
311:
Daniel is episodic rather than linear: it has no plot as such. It does, however, have a structure. Chapters 2–7 form a
416:
2670:
2301:
The
Meaning of the Dead Sea Scrolls: their significance for understanding the Bible, Judaism, Jesus, and Christianity
1784:
Lucas, Ernest C. (2005). "Daniel, Book of". In
Vanhoozer, Kevin J.; Bartholomew, Craig G.; Treier, Daniel J. (eds.).
77:
2788:
375:(appearance of a divine being) with an angelic discourse (revelation delivered by an angel). The discourse forms an
2711:
2363:
Wesselius, Jan-Wim (2002). "The
Writing of Daniel". In Collins, John J.; Flint, Peter W.; VanEpps, Cameron (eds.).
2038:
172:, describing a series of conflicts between the unnamed "King of the North" and "King of the South" leading to the "
2773:
1494:
2675:
2650:
2145:
522:
412:
244:
92:
2783:
470:, king of Persia": this marks 70 years since Daniel's own captivity began (606 BC), and thus the fulfillment of
2588:
2536:
1737:
192:
137:
117:
771:
2124:
1763:
The new Oxford annotated Bible with the
Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical books : New Revised Standard Version
1450:
2706:
2665:
2416:
1766:
680:
293:
in 167–164 BC, and there is a broad consensus that the book was completed shortly after that crisis ended.
498:
483:
290:
184:
20:
2660:
72:
2257:
1901:
1155:
542:
2634:
2523:
2169:
103:
1515:
2752:
2685:
2541:
312:
232:
173:
124:
2058:
Reid, Stephen Breck (2000). "Daniel, Book of". In Freedman, David Noel; Myers, Allen C. (eds.).
1032:
969:
1263:
Davidson, Robert (1993). "Jeremiah, Book of". In Metzger, Bruce M.; Coogan, Michael D. (eds.).
2603:
2394:
2370:
2349:
2328:
2305:
2284:
2278:
2263:
2242:
2219:
2196:
2175:
2151:
2130:
2109:
2088:
2065:
2044:
2023:
2000:
1979:
1958:
1928:
1907:
1886:
1865:
1835:
1814:
1791:
1770:
1743:
1722:
1699:
1676:
1653:
1632:
1611:
1590:
1571:
1548:
1521:
1500:
1479:
1456:
1435:
1429:
1414:
1388:
1365:
1342:
1321:
1298:
1272:
1249:
1214:
1188:
1159:
1129:
1106:
1082:
1061:
1038:
1017:
996:
975:
405:
352:
263:
236:
183:, the Book of Daniel was written in reaction to the persecution of the Jews by the Greek king
2211:
2165:
1714:
1668:
1471:
1148:
471:
455:
427:
347:
326:
suggests that the text is "poor Hebrew, and may represent a rather poor translation from an
323:
2690:
2655:
2593:
2583:
1402:
1202:
1176:
1143:
1096:
775:
506:
475:
467:
228:
1452:
Judaic Religion in the Second Temple Period: Belief and Practice from the Exile to Yavneh
396:
The fundamental theme of the Book of Daniel is God's control over history. According to
2439:
1228:
532:
527:
479:
442:
279:
216:
201:
180:
165:
34:
2813:
2384:
386:
382:
356:
339:, and it was most likely added after the original prediction failed to come to pass.
332:
208:
259:
211:, Daniel 11:36–45 is interpreted as a prophecy of the career and destruction of the
502:
423:
360:
24:
2343:
1336:
1265:
2742:
537:
397:
377:
215:, and Daniel 12 as concerning the salvation of Israel and the coming kingdom of
243:
great detail), and the king of the North will desecrate the Temple and set up "
2747:
2680:
2578:
1124:. In Van Der Toorn, Karel; Becking, Bob; van der Horst, Pieter Willem (eds.).
368:
212:
1150:
The Apocalyptic Imagination: An Introduction to Jewish Apocalyptic Literature
2726:
2598:
2513:
2508:
2503:
1544:
491:
390:
372:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
336:
316:
196:
87:
82:
67:
57:
52:
2629:
2608:
2557:
2192:
From Text to Tradition: A History of Second Temple and Rabbinic Judaism
1628:
Essays on the Book of Enoch and Other Early Jewish Texts and Traditions
589:
327:
1013:
When Time Shall Be No More: Prophecy Belief in Modern American Culture
2342:
Weber, Timothy P. (2007). "Millennialism". In Walls, Jerry L. (ed.).
1954:
The Human and the Divine in History: Herodotus and the Book of Daniel
1761:. In Coogan, Michael D.; Brettler, Marc Z.; Newsom, Carol A. (eds.).
585:
419:, a kingdom in which Israel will be given domination over the world.
401:
1996:
Apocalypse Against Empire: Theologies of Resistance in Early Judaism
768:
19:"King of the North" redirects here. For the EP by Bugzy Malone, see
2390:
Major Bible Prophecies: 37 Crucial Prophecies That Affect You Today
2447:
1209:. In McGinn, Bernard; Collins, John J.; Stein, Stephen J. (eds.).
441:
431:
346:
258:
2408:
1809:. In Collins, John J.; Flint, Peter W.; VanEpps, Cameron (eds.).
1717:. In Collins, John J.; Flint, Peter W.; VanEpps, Cameron (eds.).
1694:. In Collins, John J.; Flint, Peter W.; VanEpps, Cameron (eds.).
1671:. In Collins, John J.; Flint, Peter W.; VanEpps, Cameron (eds.).
1474:. In Collins, John J.; Flint, Peter W.; VanEpps, Cameron (eds.).
1409:. In Collins, John J.; Flint, Peter W.; VanEpps, Cameron (eds.).
1360:. In Collins, John J.; Flint, Peter W.; VanEpps, Cameron (eds.).
1183:. In Collins, John J.; Flint, Peter W.; VanEpps, Cameron (eds.).
2562:
1338:
Secrets of Daniel: wisdom and dreams of a Jewish prince in exile
447:
2412:
1851:
The Eternal City: Rome and the Origins of Catholic Christianity
971:
Reading the Old Testament: An Introduction to the Hebrew Bible
1607:
Scribes, Visionaries, and the Politics of Second Temple Judea
1207:"From Prophecy to Apocalypticism: The Expectation of the End"
899:
897:
385:. The heroes of Daniel 11–12, the "wise", are based on the "
301:
An original collection of folktales, currently chapters 1–6;
497:
In 168 Antiochus invaded Egypt again, but this time he was
304:
Addition of chapter 7 and revision of the earlier chapters;
2083:. In Hass, Andrew; Jasper, David; Jay, Elisabeth (eds.).
1170:
Son of Man: The interpretation and influence of Daniel 7.
1587:
The Seventy Weeks, Leviticus, and the Nature of Prophecy
664:
662:
660:
658:
645:
643:
2018:. In Dunn, James D. G.; Rogerson, John William (eds.).
630:
628:
2102:
Ryken, Leland; Wilhoit, Jim; Longman, Tremper (1998).
2085:
The Oxford Handbook of English Literature and Theology
1787:
Dictionary for Theological Interpretation of the Bible
1102:
Daniel: With an Introduction to Apocalyptic Literature
800:
798:
796:
615:
613:
2532:
Prayer of Azariah and Song of the Three Holy Children
486:, which lasted less than ten years, gets 25 (21–45).
482:
of Syria receive 16 verses (5–20), and the reign of
2761:
2735:
2699:
2643:
2622:
2571:
2550:
2522:
2446:
2323:. In Freedman, David Noel; Myers, Allen C. (eds.).
2237:. In Coogan, Michael D.; Metzger, Bruce M. (eds.).
1566:. In Freedman, David Noel; Myers, Allen C. (eds.).
1244:. In Freedman, David Noel; Myers, Allen C. (eds.).
1056:. In Freedman, David Noel; Myers, Allen C. (eds.).
466:Daniel's final vision is set in "the third year of
307:
Further revision and the addition of chapters 8–12.
2214:. In Mills, Watson E.; Wilson, Richard F. (eds.).
1692:"Stages in the Canonization of the Book of daniel"
1264:
1147:
446:Coin of Antiochus IV Epiphanes. The reverse shows
1539:. In Longman, Tremper; Garland, David E. (eds.).
2147:Studies in the Jewish Background of Christianity
1972:Pasachoff, Naomi E.; Littman, Robert J. (2005).
1235:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 400.
1293:. In Rogerson, J. W.; Lieu, Judith M. (eds.).
2424:
2366:The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception
1858:Matthews, Victor H.; Moyer, James C. (2012).
1811:The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception
1719:The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception
1696:The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception
1673:The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception
1476:The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception
1411:The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception
1362:The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception
1358:"The Danilic Son of Man in the New Testament"
1185:The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception
1126:Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible
691:
227:Chapter 10, a prologue: In the third year of
145:
8:
1942:Nichol, F., ed. (1954). "chronology chart".
1921:Newsom, Carol A.; Breed, Brennan W. (2014).
1736:LaHaye, Tim Ed Hindson; Hindson, Ed (2006).
16:Chapters 10, 11 and 12 in the Book of Daniel
1318:World Religions in America: An Introduction
903:
23:. For the mayor of Greater Manchester, see
2431:
2417:
2409:
2298:VanderKam, James C.; Flint, Peter (2013).
422:The climax comes with the prophecy of the
152:
138:
29:
1381:"Millennialism, Scripture, and Tradition"
1233:A Brief Introduction to the Old Testament
739:
2126:The History of the Second Temple Period
1211:The Continuum History of Apocalypticism
1181:"Current Issues in the Study of Daniel"
828:
767:in Barton, J. and Muddiman, J. (2001),
727:
703:
668:
619:
609:
554:
32:
1975:A Concise History of the Jewish People
1407:"Daniel in the Context of OT Theology"
951:
939:
927:
915:
888:
840:
816:
715:
649:
634:
245:the abomination that causes desolation
1739:The popular Bible prophecy commentary
864:
98:Chapters 10–12: Daniel's final vision
7:
1385:The Oxford Handbook of Millennialism
992:The Jubilee from Leviticus to Qumran
876:
852:
804:
787:
751:
187:in 167–164 BC. Its authors were the
88:Chapter 8: The Ram, He-Goat and Horn
78:Chapter 6: Daniel in the Lions's Den
1861:The Old Testament: Text and Context
1669:"The Book of Daniel in its Context"
68:Chapter 4: Nebuchadnezzar's Madness
2345:The Oxford Handbook of Eschatology
1993:Portier-Young, Anathea E. (2013).
454:) enthroned carrying the Goddess
14:
2239:The Oxford Companion to the Bible
1383:. In Wessinger, Catherine (ed.).
1267:The Oxford Companion to the Bible
1078:From the Maccabees to the Mishnah
573:vision of the Valley of Dry Bones
280:Book of Daniel § Composition
58:Chapter 2: Nebuchadnezzar's Dream
53:Chapter 1: Induction into Babylon
2325:Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible
2061:Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible
2020:Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible
1927:. Presbyterian Publishing Corp.
1610:. Presbyterian Publishing Corp.
1568:Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible
1541:The Expositor's Bible Commentary
1246:Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible
1058:Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible
974:. Wadsworth Publishing Company.
41:
2614:Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego
2262:. Westminster John Knox Press.
2216:The Deuterocanonicals/Apocrypha
2189:Schiffman, Lawrence H. (1991).
2174:. Westminster John Knox Press.
1341:. Review and Herald Pub Assoc.
1320:. Westminster John Knox Press.
1240:Crawford, Sidnie White (2000).
1081:. Westminster John Knox Press.
584:Kittim: originally the town of
235:", in which he is assisted by "
164:Chapters 10, 11, and 12 in the
112:Song of the Three Holy Children
2105:Dictionary of Biblical Imagery
1807:"Cult and Sacrifice in Daniel"
1514:Harrington, Daniel J. (1999).
1499:. Cambridge University Press.
1037:. Jewish Publication Society.
1:
2079:Rowland, Christopher (2007).
1885:. Wipf and Stock Publishers.
1649:The Septuagint and Messianism
1379:Gallagher, Eugene V. (2011).
989:Bergsma, John Sietze (2007).
73:Chapter 5: Belshazzar's Feast
2277:VanderKam, James C. (2010).
2210:Spencer, Richard A. (2002).
2144:Schwartz, Daniel R. (1992).
2040:Introduction to the Prophets
1978:. Rowman & Littlefield.
1742:. Harvest House Publishers.
1604:Horsley, Richard A. (2007).
1472:"A Dan(iel) For All Seasons"
1016:. Harvard University Press.
93:Chapter 9: The Seventy Weeks
63:Chapter 3: The Fiery Furnace
2820:Biblical dreams and visions
2717:Historicist interpretations
2348:. Oxford University Press.
2241:. Oxford University Press.
2218:. Mercer University Press.
2087:. Oxford University Press.
1585:Holbrook, Frank B. (1986).
1517:Invitation to the Apocrypha
1387:. Oxford University Press.
1316:. In Neusner, Jacob (ed.).
1297:. Oxford Handbooks Online.
1271:. Oxford University Press.
1031:Brettler, Mark Zvi (2005).
968:Bandstra, Barry L. (2008).
769:The Oxford Bible Commentary
2846:
2280:The Dead Sea Scrolls Today
2256:Towner, W. Sibley (1984).
2233:Towner, W. Sibley (1993).
1470:Grabbe, Lester L. (2002).
1449:Grabbe, Lester L. (2002).
1428:Grabbe, Lester L. (2010).
1075:Cohen, Shaye J.D. (2006).
426:of the dead. Prior to the
277:
207:In contemporary Christian
83:Chapter 7: The Four Beasts
18:
2794:American Standard Version
2700:Christian interpretations
2676:Prophecy of Seventy Weeks
2651:Abomination of desolation
2319:Watson, Duane F. (2000).
2195:. KTAV Publishing House.
2037:Redditt, Paul L. (2009).
1849:Marshall, Taylor (2012).
1757:Levine, Amy-Jill (2010).
1562:Hill, Charles E. (2000).
1356:Dunn, James D.G. (2002).
1335:Doukhan, Jacques (2000).
1314:"Apocalyptic Communities"
1120:Collins, John J. (1999).
1052:Carroll, John T. (2000).
692:LaHaye & Hindson 2006
523:Abomination of desolation
413:abomination of desolation
2081:"Apocalyptic Literature"
1900:Nelson, William (2013).
1713:Kratz, Reinhard (2002).
1535:Hill, Andrew E. (2008).
1493:Hammer, Raymond (1976).
193:resurrection of the dead
179:Although set during the
2825:Book of Daniel chapters
1951:Niskanen, Paul (2004).
1879:Menn, Jonathan (2013).
1813:. Vol. II. BRILL.
1767:Oxford University Press
1715:"The Visions of Daniel"
1667:Knibb, Michael (2002).
1646:Knibb, Michael (2006).
1625:Knibb, Michael (2009).
1413:. Vol. II. BRILL.
1289:Davies, Philip (2006).
1010:Boyer, Paul S. (1992).
904:Newsom & Breed 2014
562:the sacrifice of swine.
430:, all the dead went to
2830:Antiochus IV Epiphanes
2537:Susanna and the Elders
2123:Sacchi, Paolo (2004).
2108:. InterVarsity Press.
1828:Mangano, Mark (2001).
1652:. Peeters Publishers.
1312:DeChant, Dell (2009).
1187:. Vol. I. BRILL.
484:Antiochus IV Epiphanes
463:
364:
291:Antiochus IV Epiphanes
275:
185:Antiochus IV Epiphanes
118:Susanna and the Elders
21:King of the North (EP)
2799:World English Version
2212:"Additions to Daniel"
2014:Provan, Iain (2003).
1034:How To Read the Bible
445:
438:Historical background
350:
262:
170:Daniel's final vision
1944:SDA Bible Commentary
1924:Daniel: A Commentary
1882:Biblical Eschatology
1805:Lust, Johan (2002).
1690:Koch, Klaus (2002).
1154:. Eerdmans. p.
543:Vaticinium ex eventu
1946:. pp. 326–327.
1853:. Saint John Press.
1831:Esther & Daniel
954:, pp. 164–165.
930:, pp. 160–161.
891:, pp. 157–158.
855:, pp. 671–684.
843:, pp. 102–103.
819:, p. 1257 fn..
694:, pp. 259–263.
104:Additions to Daniel
2789:King James Version
2753:Codex Chisianus 45
2686:Territorial spirit
2661:Belshazzar's feast
2542:Bel and the Dragon
1790:. Baker Academic.
1496:The Book of Daniel
1403:Goldingay, John J.
831:, pp. 99–100.
774:2017-11-22 at the
464:
371:in the form of an
365:
355:weighing souls on
276:
125:Bel and the Dragon
2807:
2806:
2604:Nebuchadnezzar II
2385:Walvoord, John F.
2304:. HarperCollins.
1834:. College Press.
867:, pp. 86–87.
478:of Egypt and the
417:Kingdom of Heaven
387:Suffering Servant
367:The vision is an
353:Archangel Michael
264:Wojciech Stattler
162:
161:
2837:
2784:Wycliffe Version
2433:
2426:
2419:
2410:
2404:
2380:
2359:
2338:
2315:
2294:
2273:
2252:
2229:
2206:
2185:
2161:
2150:. Mohr Siebeck.
2140:
2119:
2098:
2075:
2054:
2033:
2010:
1989:
1968:
1947:
1938:
1917:
1896:
1875:
1854:
1845:
1824:
1801:
1780:
1753:
1732:
1709:
1686:
1663:
1642:
1621:
1600:
1581:
1558:
1537:"Daniel-Malachi"
1531:
1510:
1489:
1466:
1445:
1424:
1398:
1375:
1352:
1331:
1308:
1285:
1283:Jeremiah Book Of
1270:
1259:
1236:
1224:
1203:Collins, John J.
1198:
1177:Collins, John J.
1172:
1153:
1144:Collins, John J.
1139:
1116:
1097:Collins, John J.
1092:
1071:
1048:
1027:
1006:
985:
955:
949:
943:
937:
931:
925:
919:
913:
907:
901:
892:
886:
880:
874:
868:
862:
856:
850:
844:
838:
832:
826:
820:
814:
808:
802:
791:
785:
779:
761:
755:
749:
743:
737:
731:
725:
719:
713:
707:
701:
695:
689:
683:
678:
672:
666:
653:
647:
638:
632:
623:
617:
593:
582:
576:
569:
563:
559:
452:King of the Gods
428:Babylonian exile
343:Genre and themes
233:prince of Persia
154:
147:
140:
45:
33:Chapters of the
30:
2845:
2844:
2840:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2834:
2810:
2809:
2808:
2803:
2757:
2731:
2695:
2691:Watcher (angel)
2656:Ancient of Days
2639:
2618:
2594:Darius the Mede
2584:Cyrus the Great
2567:
2546:
2518:
2442:
2437:
2407:
2401:
2393:. Moody Press.
2383:
2377:
2362:
2356:
2341:
2335:
2318:
2312:
2297:
2291:
2276:
2270:
2255:
2249:
2232:
2226:
2209:
2203:
2188:
2182:
2164:
2158:
2143:
2137:
2122:
2116:
2101:
2095:
2078:
2072:
2057:
2051:
2036:
2030:
2013:
2007:
1992:
1986:
1971:
1965:
1950:
1941:
1935:
1920:
1914:
1906:. Baker Books.
1899:
1893:
1878:
1872:
1864:. Baker Books.
1857:
1848:
1842:
1827:
1821:
1804:
1798:
1783:
1777:
1756:
1750:
1735:
1729:
1712:
1706:
1689:
1683:
1666:
1660:
1645:
1639:
1624:
1618:
1603:
1597:
1584:
1578:
1561:
1555:
1543:. Vol. 8.
1534:
1528:
1513:
1507:
1492:
1486:
1469:
1463:
1448:
1442:
1427:
1421:
1401:
1395:
1378:
1372:
1355:
1349:
1334:
1328:
1311:
1305:
1288:
1279:
1262:
1256:
1239:
1229:Coogan, Michael
1227:
1221:
1201:
1195:
1175:
1166:
1142:
1136:
1119:
1113:
1095:
1089:
1074:
1068:
1051:
1045:
1030:
1024:
1009:
1003:
988:
982:
967:
963:
958:
950:
946:
938:
934:
926:
922:
914:
910:
902:
895:
887:
883:
875:
871:
863:
859:
851:
847:
839:
835:
827:
823:
815:
811:
803:
794:
786:
782:
776:Wayback Machine
763:Davies, P. R.,
762:
758:
750:
746:
738:
734:
726:
722:
718:, p. 1233.
714:
710:
702:
698:
690:
686:
679:
675:
667:
656:
652:, p. 1234.
648:
641:
633:
626:
618:
611:
607:
602:
597:
596:
583:
579:
570:
566:
560:
556:
551:
519:
507:Judas Maccabeus
440:
363:, 15th century.
345:
282:
272:"The Maccabees"
257:
225:
174:time of the end
158:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2843:
2841:
2833:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2812:
2811:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2765:
2763:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2703:
2701:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2647:
2645:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2632:
2626:
2624:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2565:
2560:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2528:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2455:
2453:
2444:
2443:
2440:Book of Daniel
2438:
2436:
2435:
2428:
2421:
2413:
2406:
2405:
2399:
2381:
2375:
2360:
2354:
2339:
2333:
2316:
2310:
2295:
2289:
2274:
2268:
2253:
2247:
2230:
2224:
2207:
2201:
2186:
2180:
2162:
2156:
2141:
2135:
2120:
2114:
2099:
2093:
2076:
2070:
2055:
2049:
2034:
2028:
2011:
2005:
1990:
1984:
1969:
1963:
1948:
1939:
1933:
1918:
1912:
1897:
1891:
1876:
1870:
1855:
1846:
1840:
1825:
1819:
1802:
1796:
1781:
1775:
1754:
1748:
1733:
1727:
1710:
1704:
1687:
1681:
1664:
1658:
1643:
1638:978-9004167254
1637:
1622:
1616:
1601:
1595:
1582:
1576:
1559:
1553:
1532:
1526:
1511:
1505:
1490:
1484:
1467:
1461:
1446:
1440:
1425:
1419:
1399:
1393:
1376:
1370:
1353:
1347:
1332:
1326:
1309:
1303:
1286:
1277:
1260:
1254:
1237:
1225:
1219:
1199:
1193:
1173:
1164:
1140:
1134:
1117:
1111:
1093:
1087:
1072:
1066:
1049:
1043:
1028:
1022:
1007:
1002:978-9004152991
1001:
986:
981:978-0495391050
980:
964:
962:
959:
957:
956:
944:
942:, p. 162.
932:
920:
918:, p. 160.
908:
906:, p. 339.
893:
881:
879:, p. 175.
869:
857:
845:
833:
821:
809:
807:, p. 166.
792:
790:, p. 176.
780:
756:
754:, p. 153.
744:
742:, p. 624.
740:Goldingay 2002
732:
720:
708:
706:, p. 219.
696:
684:
673:
671:, p. 103.
654:
639:
637:, p. 406.
624:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
595:
594:
577:
564:
553:
552:
550:
547:
546:
545:
540:
535:
533:Book of Daniel
530:
528:Apocalypticism
525:
518:
515:
439:
436:
344:
341:
309:
308:
305:
302:
256:
253:
224:
221:
202:kingdom of God
181:6th century BC
166:Book of Daniel
160:
159:
157:
156:
149:
142:
134:
131:
130:
129:
128:
121:
114:
101:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
47:
46:
38:
37:
35:Book of Daniel
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2842:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2779:Latin Vulgate
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2760:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2734:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2698:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2666:Four kingdoms
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2642:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2570:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2521:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2434:
2429:
2427:
2422:
2420:
2415:
2414:
2411:
2402:
2400:9780310873112
2396:
2392:
2391:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2372:
2368:
2367:
2361:
2357:
2355:9780199742486
2351:
2347:
2346:
2340:
2336:
2334:9789053565032
2330:
2326:
2322:
2317:
2313:
2311:9780062243300
2307:
2303:
2302:
2296:
2292:
2290:9780802864352
2286:
2282:
2281:
2275:
2271:
2269:9780664237561
2265:
2261:
2260:
2254:
2250:
2248:9780199743919
2244:
2240:
2236:
2231:
2227:
2225:9780865545106
2221:
2217:
2213:
2208:
2204:
2202:9780881253726
2198:
2194:
2193:
2187:
2183:
2181:9780664256753
2177:
2173:
2172:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2157:9783161457982
2153:
2149:
2148:
2142:
2138:
2136:9780567044501
2132:
2129:. Continuum.
2128:
2127:
2121:
2117:
2115:9780830867332
2111:
2107:
2106:
2100:
2096:
2094:9780199271979
2090:
2086:
2082:
2077:
2073:
2071:9789053565032
2067:
2063:
2062:
2056:
2052:
2050:9780802828965
2046:
2042:
2041:
2035:
2031:
2029:9780802837110
2025:
2021:
2017:
2012:
2008:
2006:9780802837110
2002:
1998:
1997:
1991:
1987:
1985:9780742543669
1981:
1977:
1976:
1970:
1966:
1964:9780567082138
1960:
1957:. Continuum.
1956:
1955:
1949:
1945:
1940:
1936:
1934:9780664220808
1930:
1926:
1925:
1919:
1915:
1913:9781441240064
1909:
1905:
1904:
1898:
1894:
1892:9781621898696
1888:
1884:
1883:
1877:
1873:
1871:9780801048357
1867:
1863:
1862:
1856:
1852:
1847:
1843:
1841:9780899008851
1837:
1833:
1832:
1826:
1822:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1803:
1799:
1797:9780801026942
1793:
1789:
1788:
1782:
1778:
1776:9780199370504
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1751:
1749:9780736916905
1745:
1741:
1740:
1734:
1730:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1711:
1707:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1684:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1665:
1661:
1659:9789042917330
1655:
1651:
1650:
1644:
1640:
1634:
1630:
1629:
1623:
1619:
1617:9780664229917
1613:
1609:
1608:
1602:
1598:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1579:
1577:9789053565032
1573:
1569:
1565:
1560:
1556:
1554:9780310268932
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1533:
1529:
1527:9780802846334
1523:
1519:
1518:
1512:
1508:
1506:9780521097659
1502:
1498:
1497:
1491:
1487:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1468:
1464:
1462:9780203461013
1458:
1455:. Routledge.
1454:
1453:
1447:
1443:
1441:9780567552488
1437:
1434:. Continuum.
1433:
1432:
1426:
1422:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1394:9780195301052
1390:
1386:
1382:
1377:
1373:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1354:
1350:
1348:9780828014243
1344:
1340:
1339:
1333:
1329:
1327:9781611640472
1323:
1319:
1315:
1310:
1306:
1304:9780199254255
1300:
1296:
1292:
1291:"Apocalyptic"
1287:
1284:
1280:
1278:9780199743919
1274:
1269:
1268:
1261:
1257:
1255:9789053565032
1251:
1247:
1243:
1242:"Apocalyptic"
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1220:9780826415202
1216:
1213:. Continuum.
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1171:
1167:
1165:9780802843715
1161:
1157:
1152:
1151:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1135:9780802824912
1131:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1114:
1112:9780802800206
1108:
1104:
1103:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1088:9780664227432
1084:
1080:
1079:
1073:
1069:
1067:9789053565032
1063:
1059:
1055:
1054:"Eschatology"
1050:
1046:
1044:9780827610019
1040:
1036:
1035:
1029:
1025:
1023:0-674-95129-8
1019:
1015:
1014:
1008:
1004:
998:
994:
993:
987:
983:
977:
973:
972:
966:
965:
960:
953:
948:
945:
941:
936:
933:
929:
924:
921:
917:
912:
909:
905:
900:
898:
894:
890:
885:
882:
878:
873:
870:
866:
861:
858:
854:
849:
846:
842:
837:
834:
830:
825:
822:
818:
813:
810:
806:
801:
799:
797:
793:
789:
784:
781:
777:
773:
770:
766:
760:
757:
753:
748:
745:
741:
736:
733:
730:, p. 29.
729:
724:
721:
717:
712:
709:
705:
700:
697:
693:
688:
685:
682:
677:
674:
670:
665:
663:
661:
659:
655:
651:
646:
644:
640:
636:
631:
629:
625:
621:
616:
614:
610:
604:
599:
591:
587:
581:
578:
574:
568:
565:
558:
555:
548:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
520:
516:
514:
510:
508:
504:
500:
495:
493:
487:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
461:
457:
453:
449:
444:
437:
435:
433:
429:
425:
420:
418:
414:
409:
407:
404:. In Daniel,
403:
399:
394:
392:
388:
384:
383:Gog and Magog
380:
379:
374:
370:
362:
358:
357:Judgement Day
354:
349:
342:
340:
338:
334:
333:angel Gabriel
329:
325:
320:
318:
314:
306:
303:
300:
299:
298:
294:
292:
288:
281:
273:
269:
268:"Machabeusze"
265:
261:
254:
252:
248:
246:
240:
238:
234:
230:
222:
220:
218:
214:
210:
209:millennialism
205:
203:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
177:
175:
171:
167:
155:
150:
148:
143:
141:
136:
135:
133:
132:
126:
122:
119:
115:
113:
109:
108:
107:
105:
99:
96:
94:
91:
89:
86:
84:
81:
79:
76:
74:
71:
69:
66:
64:
61:
59:
56:
54:
51:
50:
49:
48:
44:
40:
39:
36:
31:
26:
22:
2769:Hebrew Bible
2389:
2365:
2344:
2327:. Eerdmans.
2324:
2321:"Millennium"
2300:
2283:. Eerdmans.
2279:
2258:
2238:
2215:
2191:
2170:
2146:
2125:
2104:
2084:
2064:. Eerdmans.
2060:
2043:. Eerdmans.
2039:
2022:. Eerdmans.
2019:
1999:. Eerdmans.
1995:
1974:
1953:
1943:
1923:
1902:
1881:
1860:
1850:
1830:
1810:
1786:
1762:
1738:
1718:
1695:
1672:
1648:
1627:
1606:
1586:
1570:. Eerdmans.
1567:
1564:"Antichrist"
1540:
1520:. Eerdmans.
1516:
1495:
1475:
1451:
1430:
1410:
1384:
1361:
1337:
1317:
1294:
1282:
1266:
1248:. Eerdmans.
1245:
1232:
1210:
1184:
1169:
1149:
1128:. Eerdmans.
1125:
1105:. Eerdmans.
1101:
1077:
1060:. Eerdmans.
1057:
1033:
1012:
991:
970:
961:Bibliography
947:
935:
923:
911:
884:
872:
860:
848:
836:
829:Collins 1984
824:
812:
783:
764:
759:
747:
735:
728:Collins 2001
723:
711:
704:Collins 1999
699:
687:
676:
669:Collins 1984
622:, p. 2.
620:Collins 2001
580:
567:
557:
511:
496:
488:
465:
459:
451:
424:resurrection
421:
410:
395:
376:
366:
361:Hans Memling
324:P. R. Davies
321:
310:
295:
286:
283:
271:
267:
249:
241:
226:
206:
188:
178:
169:
163:
102:
97:
25:Andy Burnham
2743:Papyrus 967
2736:Manuscripts
2712:Historicism
2166:Seow, C.-L.
952:Towner 1984
940:Towner 1984
928:Towner 1984
916:Towner 1984
889:Towner 1984
841:Hammer 1976
817:Levine 2010
716:Levine 2010
681:Daniel 7:18
650:Levine 2010
635:Davies 2006
538:Eschatology
398:Deuteronomy
255:Composition
127:(Daniel 14)
120:(Daniel 13)
2814:Categories
2774:Septuagint
2748:Papyrus 62
2681:Son of man
2671:Lion's den
2579:Belshazzar
2376:0391041282
1820:0391041282
1728:9004116753
1705:0391041282
1682:9004116753
1596:0925675024
1485:9004116753
1420:0391041282
1371:0391041282
1295:OUP Oxford
1194:0391041274
865:Cohen 2006
600:References
369:apocalypse
278:See also:
213:Antichrist
2727:Preterism
2599:Jehoiakim
2524:Additions
2369:. BRILL.
1721:. BRILL.
1698:. BRILL.
1675:. BRILL.
1631:. BRILL.
1545:Zondervan
1478:. BRILL.
1364:. BRILL.
995:. BRILL.
877:Hill 2008
853:Lust 2002
805:Seow 2003
788:Hill 2008
752:Seow 2003
605:Citations
492:Onias III
480:Seleucids
476:Ptolemies
391:Isaiah 53
378:ex eventu
197:Chapter 7
2722:Idealism
2707:Futurism
2459:Daniel 1
2451:chapters
2387:(2010).
2235:"Daniel"
2168:(2003).
2016:"Daniel"
1759:"Daniel"
1405:(2002).
1231:(2009).
1205:(2003).
1179:(2001).
1146:(1998).
1122:"Daniel"
1099:(1984).
778:, p. 568
772:Archived
517:See also
472:Jeremiah
373:epiphany
337:Daniel 8
317:Daniel 8
189:maskilim
168:make up
2762:Sources
2635:Michael
2630:Gabriel
2609:Palmoni
2558:Babylon
590:Larnaca
501:by the
499:stopped
490:Priest
460:Victory
406:Michael
328:Aramaic
274:), 1844
237:Michael
223:Summary
2623:Angels
2589:Daniel
2572:People
2551:Places
2397:
2373:
2352:
2331:
2308:
2287:
2266:
2259:Daniel
2245:
2222:
2199:
2178:
2171:Daniel
2154:
2133:
2112:
2091:
2068:
2047:
2026:
2003:
1982:
1961:
1931:
1910:
1903:Daniel
1889:
1868:
1838:
1817:
1794:
1773:
1746:
1725:
1702:
1679:
1656:
1635:
1614:
1593:
1574:
1551:
1524:
1503:
1482:
1459:
1438:
1417:
1391:
1368:
1345:
1324:
1301:
1275:
1252:
1217:
1191:
1162:
1132:
1109:
1085:
1064:
1041:
1020:
999:
978:
765:Daniel
586:Kition
503:Romans
402:angels
313:chiasm
287:maskil
217:Christ
2644:Terms
2448:Bible
588:(now
549:Notes
468:Cyrus
432:Sheol
389:" of
229:Cyrus
2563:Susa
2395:ISBN
2371:ISBN
2350:ISBN
2329:ISBN
2306:ISBN
2285:ISBN
2264:ISBN
2243:ISBN
2220:ISBN
2197:ISBN
2176:ISBN
2152:ISBN
2131:ISBN
2110:ISBN
2089:ISBN
2066:ISBN
2045:ISBN
2024:ISBN
2001:ISBN
1980:ISBN
1959:ISBN
1929:ISBN
1908:ISBN
1887:ISBN
1866:ISBN
1836:ISBN
1815:ISBN
1792:ISBN
1771:ISBN
1744:ISBN
1723:ISBN
1700:ISBN
1677:ISBN
1654:ISBN
1633:ISBN
1612:ISBN
1591:ISBN
1572:ISBN
1549:ISBN
1522:ISBN
1501:ISBN
1480:ISBN
1457:ISBN
1436:ISBN
1415:ISBN
1389:ISBN
1366:ISBN
1343:ISBN
1322:ISBN
1299:ISBN
1273:ISBN
1250:ISBN
1215:ISBN
1189:ISBN
1160:ISBN
1130:ISBN
1107:ISBN
1083:ISBN
1062:ISBN
1039:ISBN
1018:ISBN
997:ISBN
976:ISBN
571:The
456:Nike
448:Zeus
351:The
1156:103
2816::
2514:12
2509:11
2504:10
1769:.
1765:.
1547:.
1281:.
1168:.
1158:.
896:^
795:^
657:^
642:^
627:^
612:^
462:).
393:.
359:.
266:,
219:.
204:.
195:.
123:-
116:-
110:-
106::
2499:9
2494:8
2489:7
2484:6
2479:5
2474:4
2469:3
2464:2
2432:e
2425:t
2418:v
2403:.
2379:.
2358:.
2337:.
2314:.
2293:.
2272:.
2251:.
2228:.
2205:.
2184:.
2160:.
2139:.
2118:.
2097:.
2074:.
2053:.
2032:.
2009:.
1988:.
1967:.
1937:.
1916:.
1895:.
1874:.
1844:.
1823:.
1800:.
1779:.
1752:.
1731:.
1708:.
1685:.
1662:.
1641:.
1620:.
1599:.
1580:.
1557:.
1530:.
1509:.
1488:.
1465:.
1444:.
1423:.
1397:.
1374:.
1351:.
1330:.
1307:.
1258:.
1223:.
1197:.
1138:.
1115:.
1091:.
1070:.
1047:.
1026:.
1005:.
984:.
458:(
450:(
270:(
153:e
146:t
139:v
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
