315:, it was likely he learned to speak English through his father "One Shake" or Cornelius Nimham. Both One Shake and his brother Henry certainly could have actually played with Brett's children as they would have been the same age as Brett's children. However the Nimham's had already visited the Stockbridge Mission at Stockbridge, MA in the 1740s run by John Sergeant, and likely learned English there. Catherina was friends with the Nimham's and allowed Old Nimham, Daniel's paternal grandfather to stay on her land after it had been sold. Most historians suggest Daniel Nimham was born in the Fishkill Creek Region near the hamlet of
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themselves and their children; without help from their husbands, who at this season of the year provided for their families by hunting. We
Indians depend on hunting to clothe ourselves and families. But when we get skins we know not where to go to trade for clothing. We are not able to make any ourselves. Our way of living is very different from our English breathren. And by this, we the subscribers, in behalf of our Tribe now earnestly pray you to consider our circumstances, and open your hearts, by providing such way by which we may be able to procure some coarse cloathing particularly Blankets."
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in the 1800's their language changed from speaking
Algonquin to Iroquoian. The latter language doesn't use the "m" in the middle of a word, so the Nimham name changed to Ninham. Since this is the language of the Stockbridge Munsee Mohican Community they naturally spell Nimham, Ninham with an 'n' in the middle. Where this can be confusing is in work on ancestry and research, where for example there are numerous Daniel, Henry, Aaron's Ninham's etc.
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was to make a larger sculpture more historically accurate. Keropian also has stated on many occasions that his depiction was never to depict Nimham at the Battle of
Kingsbridge on the day of his death, rather as a tribute to the Sachem that joins historical accuracy, symbolism and allegory to help tell Nimham and the Wappinger Story. See sketch by Johann Ewald, a contemporary rendering of a
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Sculptor
Michael Keropian originally began with this small maquette with the hope of eventually seeing a larger tribute in the future. In 2021, this effort became a reality in the Town of Fishkill, NY. The sculptor states his first version was mainly a sketch in clay to use for promotion and his hope
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Nimham contested the validity of the
Philipse's deed arguing with considerable justification that the Wappinger had been defrauded of their lands. The New York Council, dominated by manor lords, threw out Nimham's claim and jailed his legal advisor, Samuel Munrow, for "high misdemeanors". Undeterred,
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There has been some question and confusion as to the spelling of Daniel Nimham's name. In the majority of deeds and records Daniel Nimham's last name has always been spelled with a "m" in the middle. His grandfather was called
Nimhammaw (circa 1647). When the remaining Nimham's moved west to Oneida
511:
dedicated an eight-foot bronze statue by sculptor
Michael Keropian, commissioned by the Town for installation at the Arrowhead intersection of NY-52 and NY-82 where a memorial plaque has stood since 1937. Town Supervisor Ozzy Albra hosted the ceremony which featured comments from elected officials,
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purchased land from two Dutch squatters, Jan
Sybrandt (Seberinge) and Lambert Dorlandt. As they had never had a patent, Philips subsequently negotiated a confirmation deed with local representatives of the remaining Wappinger in which they renounced title to the land. Philipse claimed the deed set
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The Lords of Trade reported that there was sufficient cause to investigate "frauds and abuses of Indian lands...complained of in the
American colonies, and in this colony in particular." And that, "the conduct of the lieutenant-governor and the council...does carry with it the colour of great
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and others of the tribe petitioned the
General Court for compensation for the losses at the Battle of Kingsbridge, dated September 22, 1778. "Our young men have been employed in the present War against the common Enemy and many have lately fell in Battle. Their Widows are now left to care of
272:, at the southwest base of the mountain." This appears to correspond to the location of the last known settlement of Wappinger on their native soil, a small band living on a low tract of land by the side of a brook, under a high hill in the northern part of the Town of Kent as late as 1811.
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Robert S. Grumet describes Daniel Nimham as the "leader of a small peripatetic group of from two hundred to three hundred displaced Mahican- and Munsee-speaking Indian people" who wandered the "mountainous contested borderlands separating Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, and
253:, In 1756, the Nimham clan and around 200 Wappingers moved to the Stockbridge Mission, primarily to protect the older people, women and children. By March 1758, he was in Stockbridge, serving as town constable, although it appears he continued to frequent the ancestral lands around
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In 1937 a bronze plaque was dedicated to the Sachem Daniel Nimham. The plaque was mounted to a boulder. Sculptor Michael Keropian removed the bronze plaque and had it refurbished. He then added it to the new base for the 8' sculpture dedicated in Fishkill, NY on June 11,
222:, and known as Canopus Hollow. To the Dutch and English they were known as the "River Indians" and the "Highland Indians". By 1700 the population of their entire Confederacy is estimated to have been reduced by disease and other causes to just 1000 individuals.
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Pennsylvania. They built small bark houses and log cabins on sparsely settled lands in remote valleys far from colonial roads and towns, and made meager livings weaving baskets, crafting brooms and working seasonally as laborers or servants on nearby farms.
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describes the Nimham group of four chiefs as tall and strong, one being "six and a half feet without shoes...dressed in the Indian manner." Although he and his group were treated very well, he never had a meeting with the King directly (unlike the
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In 1932, the New York State Education Department erected an historical marker in Kent on Route 301 to commemorate Nimham.(41° 28.312′ N, 73° 45.612′ W.) A second marker was erected in 1937 at the intersection of State Route 52 and 82 in
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Starting in 2001 the Annual Daniel Nimham Intertribal Pow Wow was held in Putnam County in his honor. Members of tribes from all over the Northeast came and engaged in intertribal dancing and other rituals. The event was open to the
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During the early period of European contact, the population of the Wappingers was in the thousands. They Wappinger band proper (one of a dozen or more bands in the Confederacy) are said to have occupied the highlands north of
218:, one of the earliest writers of this portion of the country, assigns them three villages on the Hudson; Keskistkonck, Pasquasheck and Nochpeems; but their principal village was Canopus, which was situated in a valley in
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A marker on Gypsy Trail Road at the entrance to the park reads "Named in honor of the Sachem Daniel Nimham of Wappinger Indians killed in 1778 while fighting at Kings Bridge with our American Forces" and is dated
304:. They had moved their families to the Christian Indian mission settlement at Stockbridge, for the duration of the war. When the men returned, they found their land rented by the Philipses to tenant farmers.
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and the Council, John Morin Scott argued that legal title to the land was only a secondary concern. Returning the land to the Indians would set an adverse precedent regarding other similar disputes.
667:
Murray, Jean and Osborn, Penny Ann. “Indians Who Lived Here Centuries Ago.” An Historic Biographical Profile of the Town of Kent, Putnam County, New York, Town of Kent Bicentennial Committee, 1976
375:(born in 1745) was appointed captain of a company of Indian scouts serving with the Continental Army, a confederacy of Mohicans, Wappingers, Munsee and other local tribes (referred to as the
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In 1766, Nimham and three Mohican chiefs: Jacob Cheeksaunkun, John Naunauphtaunk and Solomon Uhhaunauwaunmut from the Stockbridge area and three of their wives traveled to
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People to the north. Their settlements included camps along the major creeks and Hudson River tributaries with larger villages located where these streams met the river.
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was established in the town of Kent. The 1,054-acre property has an extensive network of trails and old roads and is popular with bikers, hikers and horseback riders.
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By the early 1800s, many of the local native people from Stockbridge had joined the Oneida Nation in New York, eventually journeying west to Ontario and Wisconsin.
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prejudice and partiality, and of an intention to intimidate these Indians from prosecuting their claims." Upon a second hearing before New York Provincial Governor
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300:, the Wappingers or "Indians of the long reach" as that section of the river was called, furnished a corps of about three hundred, notably, to serve with
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Sculptural tribute to Daniel Nimham and a resource for articles and reference materials about Nimham and the Wappinger and Stockbridge People in History.
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Area sculptor Michael Keropian has created an 8' scale bronze sculpture dedicated to Sachem Daniel Nimham for the Town of Fishkill, New York.
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Daniel Nimham very likely learned to speak English from his father "One Shake” / Cornelius Nimham and at the Stockbridge Mission in
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In 1906, the Mount Vernon, New York Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution dedicated the Chief Nimham Memorial at
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of half a century earlier), however he did speak with someone who was in the parliament who agreed to contact the governor in
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Nimham Mountain, which rises to 1,260' in the town of Kent, Putnam County, New York, of NYS Route 41 is named after him.
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657:"Mt. Nimham: The Ridge of Patriots", Thomas F. Maxon, Rangerville Press, Kent, New York, 2005, citing Murray and Osborn
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319:. Because of Nimham's multicultural skills, he went to court on several occasions to defend his people's land rights.
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in Dutchess County, New York, and was claimed to make up until his death an annual pilgrimage up Mount Nimham in
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425:. A stone monument to the Stockbridge Militia who died during the battle marks a trail to the battlefield.
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After 1746, Nimham’s residence was at Westenhuck, near Great Barrington, Massachusetts. In 1755, during
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Daniel and Abraham Nimham and his fellow Stockbridge warriors fought for the American cause during the
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troops. It is noted that Daniel "faithfully served in the army as a soldier at Cambridge...In 1775 ".
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While there is speculation that Daniel Nimham may have learned to speak English through the family of
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educators, the sculptor, and a number of special presentations by Native American community groups.
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While there he was said to stay in an encampment described as "an area west of today's
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825:(Press release). New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation
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On August 31, 1778, fifty Stockbridge Militia led by Nimham were attacked by the
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New World Orders: Violence, Sanction, and Authority in the Colonial Americas
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777:"Chief Ninham Memorial", New York City Department of Parks & Recreation
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In 2021, the Nimham Trail opened as an alternate route for hikers climbing
466:, an 83' tall historic steel tower atop Nimham Mountain is named after him.
77:
24:
596:"Grumet, Robert S. "The Nimhams of the Colonial Hudson Valley 1667-1783",
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and were some of America's first Veterans. They served with Washington at
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United States military personnel killed in the American Revolutionary War
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Grumet, Robert S. "The Nimhams of the Colonial Hudson Valley 1667-1783",
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Historical and Genealogical Record Dutchess and Putnam Counties, New York
688:, Press of the A. V. Haight Co., Poughkeepsie, New York, 1912, chapter 3
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174:, "the river that flows both ways", and their territory spread from
632:, Vol.3, Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology, 1912
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359:
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Transatlantic Encounters: American Indians in Britain, 1500-1776
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Nash, Gary B., "The Unknown American Revolution", Penguin, 2006
18:
823:"New Connector Trail in Hudson Highlands State Park Preserve"
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to survey all he claimed to still be Wappinger territory.
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Vitelli, Andrew. "Nimham Memorial Recognizes War Hero",
580:, W.W. Preston & Co., Philadelphia, 1886, pgs 66-86
538:"Boesch, Eugene J., "Daniel Nimham and the Wappingers",
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soldier in 1778; Nimham died as a warrior one at the
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the Connecticut line as the patent's eastern border.
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481:New York State's Nimham Mountain Multiple Use Area
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Lake Nimham in the town of Kent is named after him.
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245:, he, with most of his fighting men, traveled to
162:People lived on the eastern shore of the today's
82:A statue of Daniel Nimham located in the Town of
238:, which the Wappinger had visited in the 1740s.
170:for some half its length. To them, it was the
8:
630:Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico
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570:
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947:Native Americans in the American Revolution
730:Smolenski, John. and Humphrey, Thomas J.,
138:combat veteran. He was the most prominent
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734:, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013
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49:of all important aspects of the article.
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417:. The battle took place in what is now
698:"Putnam's Origins", PutnamCountyOnline
288:merchant and son of the first lord of
249:and entered the English service under
45:Please consider expanding the lead to
311:who lived in what is now the City of
198:. The Wappinger were allied with the
7:
600:, The Hudson River Valley Institute"
957:Patriots in the American Revolution
937:People from colonial Massachusetts
578:History of Putnam County, New York
14:
542:, Mahopac Library, Local History"
540:Native Americans Of Putnam County
327:to present his case to the royal
844:MidHudson News (June 13, 2022).
756:. University of Nebraska Press.
126:) (c. 1726 – 1778) was the last
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478:.(41° 32.685′ N, 73° 52.16′ W.)
367:sketch of a Stockbridge warrior
37:may be too short to adequately
889:, Cambridge University Press,
873:The Hudson River Valley Review
846:"Fishkill honors 'native son'"
598:The Hudson River Valley Review
396:General Marquis de Lafayette's
47:provide an accessible overview
1:
210:to Matteawan Creek (today's
103:1778 (aged 51–52)
821:Keefe, Dan (July 1, 2021).
754:The Mohicans of Stockbridge
646:The Mohicans of Stockbridge
502:Hudson Highlands State Park
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464:Nimham Mountain Fire Tower
136:American Revolutionary War
752:Frazier, Patrick (1992).
186:, and east as far as the
142:of his time in the lower
75:
576:Pelletreau, William S.,
158:'s arrival in 1609, the
942:Native American leaders
809:Battle of Knightsbridge
449:in the Bronx, New York.
309:Catheryna Rombout Brett
407:Loyalist military unit
368:
507:In 2022, the Town of
415:Battle of Kingsbridge
363:
298:French and Indian War
216:Adriaen van der Donck
811:on August 31, 1778.
805:Stockbridge Militia
409:led by Lt. Colonel
377:Stockbridge Militia
356:Stockbridge Militia
251:Sir William Johnson
180:Roeliff Jansen Kill
879:2015-01-13 at the
684:2013-08-18 at the
447:Van Cortlandt Park
419:Van Cortlandt Park
411:John Graves Simcoe
369:
317:Wiccopee, New York
236:Stockbridge, Mass.
792:, August 21, 2013
430:Hendrick Aupaumut
388:Revolutionary War
381:George Washington
338:Four Mohawk Kings
290:Philipsburg Manor
282:Adolphus Philipse
243:King George's War
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932:Wappinger people
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848:. MidHudson News
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547:. Archived from
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342:Albany, New York
333:London Chronicle
313:Beacon, New York
192:Fairfield County
176:Manhattan Island
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16:Wappinger leader
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428:Mohican Sachem
403:Queen's Rangers
394:and later with
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350:Sir Henry Moore
302:Rogers' Rangers
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184:Columbia County
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140:Native American
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208:Anthony's Nose
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55:September 2023
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379:) by General
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371:Daniel's son
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188:Norwalk River
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178:north to the
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172:Muhheakantuck
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144:Hudson Valley
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922:1720s births
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872:
850:. Retrieved
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829:November 27,
827:. Retrieved
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614:. Retrieved
607:the original
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556:. Retrieved
549:the original
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392:Valley Forge
385:
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365:Johann Ewald
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284:, a wealthy
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164:Hudson River
156:Henry Hudson
153:
123:
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52:
36:
34:lead section
927:1778 deaths
296:During the
276:Land claims
196:Connecticut
916:Categories
616:2015-01-13
558:2015-01-13
521:References
270:Boyd's Dam
261:in nearby
166:, a tidal
150:Background
280:In 1697,
160:Wappinger
154:Prior to
132:Wappinger
39:summarize
877:Archived
852:June 24,
682:Archived
509:Fishkill
476:Fishkill
255:Wiccopee
108:Children
84:Fishkill
488:public.
421:in the
413:in the
325:England
226:History
200:Mohican
168:estuary
130:of the
112:Abraham
95:c. 1726
893:
760:
739:
717:
440:Legacy
247:Albany
128:sachem
124:Ninham
122:(also
610:(PDF)
603:(PDF)
552:(PDF)
545:(PDF)
470:1932.
453:2022.
423:Bronx
891:ISBN
854:2022
831:2021
758:ISBN
737:ISBN
715:ISBN
462:The
405:, a
259:Kent
100:Died
92:Born
500:in
214:).
190:in
182:in
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704:^
644:,
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567:^
529:^
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53:(
43:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
