1161:
1481:
974:... Whoever dares to violate these regulations shall no longer be regarded as a friend, and he shall be punished. Besides, the administrator of the Dardanelles must have the right to receive 50 golden Litrons, so that these rules, which we make out of piety, shall never ever be violated... ... The distinguished governor and major of the capital, who already has both hands full of things to do, has turned to our lofty piety in order to reorganize the entry and exit of all ships through the Dardanelles... ... Starting from our day and also in the future, anybody who wants to pass through the Dardanelles must pay the following:
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131:
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1550:
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84:
834:
138:
108:
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The
Dardanelles is unique in many respects. The very narrow and winding shape of the strait is more akin to that of a river. It is considered one of the most hazardous, crowded, difficult and potentially dangerous waterways in the world. The currents produced by the tidal action in the Black Sea and
271:
View of the
Dardanelles taken from the Landsat 7 satellite in September 2006. The body of water on the left is the Aegean Sea, while the one on the upper right is the Sea of Marmara. The Dardanelles is the tapered waterway running diagonally between the two seas, from the northeast to the southwest.
1299:
sent a note to Turkey proposing a new régime for the
Dardanelles that would have excluded all nations except the Black Sea powers. The second proposal was that the straits should be put under joint Turkish-Soviet defence. This meant that Turkey, the Soviet Union, Bulgaria and Romania would be the
1229:
failed in its attempt to capture the
Gallipoli peninsula, and the British cabinet ordered its withdrawal in December 1915, after eight months' fighting. Total Allied deaths included 43,000 British, 15,000 French, 8,700 Australians, 2,700 New Zealanders, 1,370 Indians and 49 Newfoundlanders. Total
2077:
799:
As part of the only passage between the Black Sea and the
Mediterranean, the Dardanelles has always been of great importance from a commercial and military point of view, and remains strategically important today. It is a major sea access route for numerous countries, including
505:
by extension via the
Bosporus. The Dardanelles is 61 kilometres (38 mi) long and 1.2 to 6 kilometres (0.75 to 3.73 mi) wide. It has an average depth of 55 metres (180 ft) with a maximum depth of 103 metres (338 ft) at its narrowest point abreast the city of
1400:
systems transmitting electric power at 400 kV bridge the
Dardanelles to feed west and east of Istanbul. They have their own landing stations in Lapseki and Sütlüce. The first, situated in the northeast quarter portion of the strait, was energised in April 2015 and provides 2
1292:, through February 1945, when Turkey was neutral for most of the length of the conflict, the Dardanelles were closed to the ships of the belligerent nations. Turkey declared war on Germany in February 1945, but it did not employ any offensive forces during the war.
992:– In the same manner, all merchants of olive-oil, vegetables and lard must pay the Dardanelles officials 6 follis. Cilician sea-merchants have to pay 3 follis and in addition to that, 1 keration (12 follis) to enter, and 2 keration to exit.
474:'), is a narrow, natural strait and internationally significant waterway in northwestern Turkey that forms part of the continental boundary between Asia and Europe and separates Asian Turkey from European Turkey. Together with the
1212:
The Turks mined the straits to prevent Allied ships from penetrating them but, in minor actions two submarines, one
British and one Australian, did succeed in penetrating the minefields. The British submarine sank an obsolete Turkish
5017:
1104:
pressured Russia to agree that only
Turkish warships could traverse the Dardanelles in peacetime. The United Kingdom and France subsequently sent their fleets through the straits to defend the Danube front and to attack the
288:) and constitutes the banks of the continent of Asia. The city of Çanakkale is visible along the shores of the lower peninsula, centered at the only point where a sharp outcropping juts into the otherwise-linear Dardanelles.
1284:
on 20 July 1936. That convention, which is still in force today, treats the straits as an international shipping lane while allowing Turkey to retain the right to restrict the naval traffic of non-Black Sea states.
1358:
The waters of the
Dardanelles are traversed by numerous passenger and vehicular ferries daily, as well as recreational and fishing boats ranging from dinghies to yachts owned by both public and private entities.
770:
The strait is 61 kilometres (38 mi) long, and 1.2 to 6 kilometres (0.7 to 3.7 mi) wide, averaging 55 metres (180 ft) deep with a maximum depth of 103 metres (338 ft) at its narrowest point at
1409:
Both subsea power lines cross 4 optical fibre data lines laid earlier along the strait. A published map shows communication lines leading from Istanbul into the Mediterranean, named MedNautilus and landing at
1429:
1084:, who were concerned that the consequences of potential Russian expansionism in the Black Sea and Mediterranean regions could conflict with their own possessions and economic interest in the region. At the
1405:
via 6 phases 400 kV AC 3.9 km far through the sea. The second, somewhat in the middle of the strait, was still under construction in June 2016 and will provide similar capabilities to the first line.
1281:
5010:
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1906:
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district, on the European side. It is part of planned expansions to the Turkish National Highway Network. Work on the bridge began in March 2017, and it was opened on March 18, 2022.
720:. Thus, the Dardanelles allows maritime connections from the Black Sea all the way to the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean via Gibraltar, and the Indian Ocean through the
925:
is said to have eventually helped the invading armies to cross by lashing the ships together with their bows facing the current and adding two additional anchors to each ship.
1576:
1077:—which required the closing of the straits to warships of non-Black Sea powers at Russia's request. That would have effectively given Russia a free hand in the Black Sea.
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1608:
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only states having access to the Black Sea through the Dardanelles. The Turkish government however, under pressure from the United States, rejected these proposals.
2108:
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to Turkish territory, with the condition that Turkey keep them demilitarized and allow all foreign warships and commercial shipping to traverse the straits freely.
5742:
1720:
1688:
Papazoglu, F. (1978). The Central Balkan Tribes in Pre-Roman Times: Triballi, Autariatae, Dardanians, Scordisci and Moesians. Niederlande: Hakkert, p. 132
3708:
1983:
1598:
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sent a substantial invasion force of British, Indian, Australian, New Zealand, French and Newfoundland troops to attempt to open up the straits. In the
5747:
2072:
943:, wherein the lovesick Leander swam the strait nightly in order to tryst with his beloved, the priestess Hero, but was ultimately drowned in a storm.
1241:. The Ottoman Empire's non-ethnically Turkish territories were broken up and partitioned among the Allied Powers, and Turkish jurisdiction over the
5772:
1346:
5479:
5260:
1715:
130:
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916:
into the strait, given it three hundred lashes with multiple whips and branded it with red-hot irons as the soldiers shouted at the water.
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2101:
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1070:
100:
3106:
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1815:
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1226:
438:
337:
5594:
1030:
Ottoman control of the strait continued largely without interruption or challenges until the 19th century, when the Empire started
919:
Herodotus commented that this was a "highly presumptuous way to address the Hellespont" but in no way atypical of Xerxes. (vii.35)
791:
the Sea of Marmara are such that ships under sail must wait at anchorage for the right conditions before entering the Dardanelles.
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As part of its national security strategy, Turkey eventually rejected the terms of the treaty, and subsequently remilitarized
4942:
3583:
2094:
1781:
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5375:
589:, 'fortress')—in reference to the area's famous pottery and ceramic wares, and the landmark Ottoman fortress of Sultaniye.
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of 1853–1856 – but they did so as allies of the Ottoman Empire. Following the defeat of Russia in the Crimean War, the
3965:
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643:) means "Sea of Helle", and was the ancient name of the narrow strait. It was variously named in classical literature
4504:
1549:
1280:
area over the following decade. Following extensive diplomatic negotiations, the reversion was formalized under the
1008:
5762:
5454:
4626:
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3632:
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909:
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1186:, Turkish troops trapped the Allies on the coasts of the Gallipoli peninsula. The campaign damaged the career of
1085:
1013:
5136:
1318:, is exported by tankers primarily to western Europe and the U.S. via the Bosporus and the Dardanelles straits.
996:– All wheat merchants have to pay the officials 3 follis per modius, and a further sum of 3 follis when leaving.
865:
crossed the Dardanelles in opposite directions to invade each other's lands, in 480 BC and 334 BC respectively.
808:. Control over it has been an objective of a number of hostilities in modern history, notably the attack of the
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5474:
3681:
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447:
1992:
1371:
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1956:
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peninsula and the west coast of Turkey, as well as the location of front line troops and landings during the
600:. During Ottoman times there was a castle on each side of the strait. These castles together were called the
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43:
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2626:
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1911:
1603:
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1307:
in 1952, thus affording its straits even more strategic importance as a commercial and military waterway.
970:(491–518 AD), that regulated fees for passage through the customs office of the Dardanelles. Translation:
967:
609:
486:
5627:
5415:
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was located near the western entrance of the strait, and the strait's Asiatic shore was the focus of the
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375:
39:
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1934:
724:, making it a crucial international waterway, in particular for the passage of goods coming in from
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3935:
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1326:
1234:
922:
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813:
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5345:
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1321:
The Dardanelles were closed in late February 2022 to all foreign warships at the beginning of the
267:
5637:
Trading Posts and Fortifications on Genoese Trade Routes from the Mediterranean to the Black Sea
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Gaining control of, or guaranteed access to, the strait became a key foreign-policy goal of the
608:, an ancient city on the Asian shore of the strait which in turn was said to take its name from
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Since the 14th century the Dardanelles have almost continuously been controlled by the Turks.
932:
854:
717:
662:
498:
471:
1629:
280:), and constitutes the banks of the continent of Europe, while the lower peninsula is Troad (
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1705:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
1436:
962:
Also, the Dardanelles was an important source of income for the ruler of the region. At the
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935:, the daughter of Athamas, supposedly was drowned at the Dardanelles in the legend of the
780:
697:
605:
479:
214:
5210:
5155:
1991:. First South East European Regional CIGRÉ Conference. Portorož, Slovenia. Archived from
1314:
have become particularly important for the oil industry. Russian oil, from ports such as
1237:
demilitarized the strait and made it an international territory under the control of the
255:
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The Dardanelles continued to constitute an important waterway during the period of the
952:
904:
had those responsible for building the bridges beheaded and the strait itself whipped.
884:
876:
705:
628:
511:
490:
366:
221:
1269:, which established most of the modern sovereign territory of Turkey and restored the
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5645:
5449:
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Early Period of Anatolian Turkish Heritage: Niksar, The Capital of Danishmend Dynasty
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199:
2017:
1628:
Hoogstraten, David van; Nidek, Matthaeus Brouërius van; Schuer, Jan Lodewyk (1727).
272:
The long, narrow upper peninsula on the northern shores of the strait is Gallipoli (
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Late Antique and Medieval Churches and Monasteries of Midyat and Surrounding Area (
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3272:
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Groot algemeen historisch, geografisch, genealogisch, en oordeelkundig woordenboek
1556:
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1522:
776:
562:
507:
17:
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The strait also experiences significant amounts of commercial shipping traffic.
1218:
1110:
853:. Troy was able to control the marine traffic entering this vital waterway. The
817:
1907:"Groundbreaking ceremony for bridge over Dardanelles to take place on March 18"
83:
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978:– All wine merchants who bring wine to the capital (Constantinopolis), except
850:
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772:
721:
701:
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182:
169:
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390:
900:
According to Herodotus (vv.34), both bridges were destroyed by a storm and
1636:(in Dutch). Vol. 4: D en E. Amsterdam/Utrecht/The Hague. p. 25.
1194:(in office 1911–1915), who had eagerly promoted the (unsuccessful) use of
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963:
713:
681:
521:
Most of the northern shores of the strait along the Gallipoli peninsula (
475:
260:
1724:. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 246.
665:, the daughter of Athamas, who was drowned here in the mythology of the
541:) are inhabited by the city of Çanakkale's urban population of 110,000.
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2073:
Monuments and memorials of the Gallipoli campaign along the Dardanelles
1377:
1101:
1097:
979:
913:
805:
689:
621:
5191:
Haci Bayram Mosque and its Surrounding Area (the Haci Bayram District)
259:
Map showing the location of the Dardanelles (yellow), relative to the
5535:
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1411:
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801:
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227:
204:
1810:. Berkeley; London: The University of California Press. p. 75.
1145:
1915 Landing of French troops in Moudros (Lemnos island) during the
1859:
The Truman presidency : the history of a triumphant succession
783:
flows from the Black Sea towards the Aegean Sea, and a more saline
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1007:
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530:
266:
254:
5541:
The Underground Water Structures in Gaziantep; Livas' and Kastels
2086:
1486:
Map of the Dardanelles drawn by G. F. Morrell, 1915, showing the
908:
vii.33–37 and vii.54–58 give details of building and crossing of
572:
514:
across the Dardanelles opened in 2022 with the completion of the
5513:
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4261:
1304:
846:
613:
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3470:
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2090:
1282:
Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Turkish Straits
1345:
on the Dardanelles strait, connecting Europe and Asia, is the
5633:
Seljuk Caravanserais on the route from Denizli to Dogubeyazit
1957:"Turkey opens record-breaking bridge between Europe and Asia"
1838:. New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 1 March 2016
638:
632:
458:
263:(red), the Sea of Marmara, the Aegean Sea, and the Black Sea.
824:
Ancient Greek, Persian, Roman, and Byzantine eras (pre-1454)
565:
that adjoins the strait, itself meaning 'pottery fort'—from
529:) are sparsely settled, while the southern shores along the
308:
1209:, served as an Ottoman commander during the land campaign.
1117:
in 1856 formally reaffirmed the London Straits Convention.
966:
Archaeological Museum a marble plate contains a law by the
883:, in order that his huge army could cross from Persia into
409:
323:
314:
1261:
against both the Allied Powers and the Ottoman court, the
424:
5519:
Ismail Fakirullah Tomb and its Light Refraction Mechanism
5470:
The Theatre and Aqueducts of the Ancient City of Aspendos
1882:"Turkey closes the Dardanelles and Bosphorus to warships"
415:
5341:
Sultan Bayezid II Complex: A Center of Medical Treatment
5286:
The Tombstones of Ahlat the Urartian and Ottoman citadel
38:"Hellespont" redirects here. For the ancient town, see
5291:
Tushpa/Van Fortress, the Mound and the Old City of Van
939:. Likewise, the strait was the scene of the legend of
5266:
Eshab-ı Kehf Kulliye (Islamic-Ottoman Social Complex)
5226:
Lake Tuz Special Environmental Protection Area (SEPA)
1257:
following a lengthy campaign by Turks as part of the
779:. There are two major currents through the strait: a
439:
427:
418:
338:
329:
320:
302:
1439:
law regulating payment of customs in the Dardanelles
897:
as the cause of divine intervention against Xerxes.
430:
421:
412:
326:
311:
305:
5563:
5493:
5354:
5299:
5249:
5169:
5115:
5036:
4740:
4617:
4606:
4533:
4455:
4412:
4359:
4217:
4069:
4060:
3986:
3901:
3839:
3794:
3744:
3695:
3617:
3494:
3432:
3401:
3243:
3130:
3074:
2996:
2822:
2795:
2767:
2724:
2672:
2514:
2453:
2350:
2216:
2165:
406:
403:
380:
317:
245:
237:
233:
220:
210:
198:
159:
54:
684:, the Dardanelles connects various seas along the
1609:List of maritime incidents in the Turkish Straits
1380:, a district of Çanakkale, on the Asian side and
1249:Turkish republican and modern eras (1923–present)
5030:Tentative list of World Heritage Sites in Turkey
1735:Rozakis, Christos L.; Stagos, Petros N. (1987).
160:
5161:Sümela Monastery (The Monastery of Virgin Mary)
871:says that, circa 482 BC, Xerxes I (the son of
485:One of the world's narrowest straits used for
5011:
2102:
951:The Dardanelles were vital to the defence of
556:
550:
393:peninsula) and in Classical Antiquity as the
65:
8:
1073:, Russia pressured the Ottomans to sign the
879:built across the width of the Hellespont at
5411:Eflatun Pinar: The Hittite Spring Sanctuary
5137:Kızılırmak Delta Wetland and Bird Sanctuary
656:
650:
644:
88:Close-up topographic map of the Dardanelles
5018:
5004:
4996:
4896:
4614:
4066:
4057:
4038:
3798:
3701:
3491:
3467:
2984:
2971:
2678:
2347:
2318:
2162:
2138:
2109:
2095:
2087:
1792:– via The Internet Classics Archive.
1741:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 1.
1599:Battle of the Dardanelles (disambiguation)
982:, have to pay the Dardanelles officials 6
51:
2080:, Eran Laor Cartographic collection, The
1861:. New York: Macmillan. pp. 102–103.
5758:World Heritage Tentative List for Turkey
1582:The narrowest section of the Dardanelles
841:' alleged "punishment" of the Hellespont
716:, while the Aegean further links to the
624:in the Balkans, according to Papazoglu.
501:seas while also allowing passage to the
5102:Mausoleum and Sacred area of Hecatomnus
1620:
1425:
731:The strait is located at approximately
5216:Konya-A capital of Seljuk Civilization
5186:Basilica Therma (Sarıkaya Roma Hamamı)
2028:from the original on 28 September 2017
1347:longest suspension bridge in the world
708:. The Marmara further connects to the
5480:Yesemek Quarry and Sculpture Workshop
5440:Karatepe-Aslantaş Archaeological Site
5376:Ancient Cities of Lycian Civilization
5181:Archaeological Site of Kültepe-Kanesh
1784:from the original on 19 November 2003
1648:from the original on 24 October 2017.
912:. Xerxes is then said to have thrown
7:
5327:Battles Zones in the First World War
4510:Illicitanus Limin/Portus Illicitanus
1046:during the 19th century. During the
27:Narrow strait in northwestern Turkey
1880:Ozberk, Tayfun (28 February 2022).
1451:Historic map of the Dardanelles by
1230:Turkish deaths were around 60,000.
837:An artist's illustration depicting
812:on the Dardanelles during the 1915
137:
107:
1156:Landing at Gallipoli in April 1915
25:
5466:and surrounding historic quarters
5406:Archaeological Site of Sagalassos
5097:The Historical Port City of Izmir
2051:Pictures of the city of Çanakkale
1832:"Gallipoli casualties by country"
1435:Marble plate with 6th century AD
1227:Mediterranean Expeditionary Force
1174:The Sphinx overlooking Anzac Cove
861:and later the Macedonian army of
787:flows in the opposite direction.
5748:Straits of the Mediterranean Sea
5710:
5709:
5697:
5231:Odunpazari Historical Urban Site
5072:Archaeological site of Laodikeia
4979:
4969:
4960:
4959:
1698:
1575:
1563:
1548:
1530:
1514:
1498:
1479:
1459:
1444:
1428:
1376:The Çanakkale 1915 Bridge joins
700:, and specifically connects the
399:
298:
136:
129:
106:
99:
82:
5743:Landforms of Çanakkale Province
4980:
1985:Submarine Cable Projects (2-03)
1982:Yüce, Gülnazi (7–8 June 2016).
1857:Cabell, Phillips B. H. (1966).
1668:Universal Historical Dictionary
1540:line across the Dardanelles in
1505:A view of the Dardanelles from
1012:1554 map of the Dardanelles in
489:, the Dardanelles connects the
365:'Strait of Çanakkale';
244:
236:
5773:Important Bird Areas of Turkey
5555:Mor Yakup (Saint Jacob) Church
5151:Rock-tombs of the Pontic Kings
5132:Historic Guild Town of Mudurnu
1071:Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829
968:Byzantine Emperor Anastasius I
549:The contemporary Turkish name
42:. For the Roman province, see
1:
5546:Zerzevan Castle and Mithraeum
5206:Historical Monuments of Niğde
5077:Archaeological Site of Priene
2581:
2568:
2549:
2532:
1253:After the dissolution of the
887:. This crossing was named by
561:Strait', is derived from the
5570:Anatolian Seljuks Madrasahs
5551:Zeynel Abidin Mosque Complex
5505:Archeological Site of Zeugma
5401:Archaeological Site of Perge
5082:Ayvalık Industrial Landscape
5067:Archaeological Site of Assos
5062:Ancient City of Stratonikeia
3709:Funeral and burial practices
2894:Military of Mycenaean Greece
1233:Following the war, the 1920
1205:, subsequent founder of the
1127:Occupation of Constantinople
573:
478:, the Dardanelles forms the
459:
33:Dardanelles (disambiguation)
5156:Nature Park of Ballıca Cave
2078:Old Maps of the Dardanelles
1555:Aerial view of the city of
1323:Russian invasion of Ukraine
1265:was created in 1923 by the
1259:Turkish War of Independence
1201:to force open the straits.
1192:First Lord of the Admiralty
381:
5789:
5201:Historic Town of Beypazarı
5053:The Ancient City of Sardis
3633:Greek Revival architecture
2082:National Library of Israel
2018:"Submarine Cable Map 2017"
1369:
1310:In more recent years, the
1215:pre-dreadnought battleship
1134:
1124:
1075:Treaty of Hunkiar Iskelesi
906:The Histories of Herodotus
633:
620:. The name comes from the
578:
566:
451:
249:1.2 km (0.75 mi)
29:
5691:
5536:Mardin Cultural Landscape
5421:Güllük Dagi National Park
5381:Ancient City of Anazarbos
5276:Historic Town of Kemaliye
5057:Lydian Tumuli of Bin Tepe
4955:
4906:
4895:
4056:
4037:
3801:
3704:
3490:
3466:
3041:Attalid kings of Pergamon
2987:
2983:
2970:
2849:Antigonid Macedonian army
2681:
2346:
2317:
2161:
2137:
2124:
1086:London Straits Convention
829:Greek and Persian history
598:Strait of the Dardanelles
557:
370:
93:
81:
64:
59:
5475:Vespasianus Titus Tunnel
5430:Hatay, St. Pierre Church
5211:Ivriz Cultural Landscape
5196:Haci Bektas Veli Complex
2066:1 September 2013 at the
1080:This treaty alarmed the
928:From the perspective of
661:. It was so called from
487:international navigation
5396:Ancient City of Korykos
5321:Çanakkale (Dardanelles)
5316:The Bridge of Uzunköprü
5311:The Bridge of Justinian
5271:Historic City of Harput
5236:Sivrihisar Grand Mosque
1937:. 1915 Çanakkale Bridge
1721:Encyclopædia Britannica
1670:. Vol. 1. London.
1325:in accordance with the
1065:In 1833, following the
1004:Ottoman era (1354–1922)
930:ancient Greek mythology
910:Xerxes' Pontoon Bridges
639:
604:, probably named after
241:61 km (38 mi)
44:Hellespontus (province)
5595:Çifte Minareli Medrese
5589:Çifte Minareli Medrese
5391:Ancient city of Kibyra
5386:Ancient City of Kaunos
5107:Medieval City of Beçin
5092:Historic Town of Birgi
3075:Artists & scholars
2990:List of ancient Greeks
2627:Second Athenian League
2476:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
2301:Ancient Greek colonies
2061:Livius.org: Hellespont
1808:The Greco-Persian Wars
1604:Dardanelles Commission
1594:Action of 26 June 1656
1350:
1175:
1167:
1157:
1149:
1050:, Russia—supported by
1016:
998:
842:
657:
651:
645:
612:, the mythical son of
596:is an abbreviation of
584:
563:eponymous midsize city
551:
538:
526:
353:
289:
285:
277:
264:
66:
5495:Southeastern Anatolia
5346:Yıldız Palace Complex
4194:Sybaris on the Traeis
2919:Sacred Band of Thebes
2659:(c. 300 BC–c. 300 AD)
2173:Cycladic civilization
1935:"Project Information"
1372:Çanakkale 1915 Bridge
1343:Çanakkale 1915 Bridge
1340:
1203:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
1173:
1163:
1155:
1144:
1060:blockaded the straits
1056:Dardanelles Operation
1011:
972:
923:Harpalus the engineer
836:
686:Eastern Mediterranean
658:Fretum Hellesponticum
652:Rectum Hellesponticum
646:Hellespontium Pelagus
516:1915 Çanakkale Bridge
385:), also known as the
270:
258:
40:Hellespontine Phrygia
5606:Ince Minaret Medrese
5485:Yivli Minaret Mosque
5336:Nuruosmaniye Complex
5325:Gelibolu (Gallipoli)
5048:Aizanoi Antique City
3719:mythological figures
3440:Ancient Greek tribes
2565:Peloponnesian League
1525:from the Dardanelles
1014:Belon's Observations
845:The ancient city of
31:For other uses, see
5628:Mountainous Phrygia
5531:The Malabadi Bridge
5455:St. Nicholas Church
3831:Tunnel of Eupalinos
3826:Theatre of Dionysus
3450:Ancient Macedonians
3066:Tyrants of Syracuse
2578:Amphictyonic League
2178:Minoan civilization
1912:Hürriyet Daily News
1836:New Zealand History
1738:The Turkish Straits
1570:Dardanelles in 2021
1384:, a village of the
1327:Montreux Convention
1025:conquered Gallipoli
863:Alexander the Great
814:Battle of Gallipoli
746: /
387:Strait of Gallipoli
179: /
60:Strait of Gallipoli
5671:Güvercinada Castle
5281:Ishak Pasha Palace
4505:Menestheus's Limin
4159:Pandosia (Lucania)
4047:Greek colonisation
3409:Athenian statesmen
3170:Diogenes of Sinope
3031:Kings of Macedonia
3021:Kings of Commagene
2889:Macedonian phalanx
2869:Hellenistic armies
2617:(c. 424–c. 395 BC)
2481:Indo-Greek Kingdom
2203:Hellenistic Greece
1492:Gallipoli Campaign
1351:
1295:In July 1946, the
1267:Treaty of Lausanne
1263:Republic of Turkey
1207:Republic of Turkey
1184:Gallipoli campaign
1176:
1168:
1158:
1150:
1147:Gallipoli Campaign
1137:Gallipoli Campaign
1088:in July 1841, the
1038:Nineteenth century
1017:
859:Xerxes I of Persia
843:
766:Present morphology
290:
265:
150:Show map of Europe
120:Show map of Turkey
18:Dardanelles Strait
5763:Straits of Turkey
5725:
5724:
5704:Turkey portal
5464:Saint Paul's Well
5241:Tomb of Ahi Evran
5142:Mahmut Bey Mosque
5087:The Bodrum Castle
4993:
4992:
4951:
4950:
4891:
4890:
4887:
4886:
4883:
4882:
4457:Iberian Peninsula
4389:Lipara/Meligounis
4355:
4354:
4033:
4032:
4029:
4028:
4006:Cypriot syllabary
3897:
3896:
3806:Athenian Treasury
3790:
3789:
3462:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3051:Ptolemaic dynasty
3011:Archons of Athens
2966:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2837:Athenian military
2818:
2817:
2651:League of Corinth
2633:Thessalian League
2609:Chalcidian League
2591:Acarnanian League
2501:Ptolemaic Kingdom
2313:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2056:Map of Hellespont
1239:League of Nations
1188:Winston Churchill
1115:Congress of Paris
1107:Crimean Peninsula
1069:'s defeat in the
947:Byzantine history
816:in the course of
750:40.217°N 26.433°E
592:The English name
469:
457:
379:
364:
253:
252:
16:(Redirected from
5780:
5713:
5712:
5702:
5701:
5700:
5621:Yakutiye Medrese
5616:Sahabiye Madrasa
5574:Buruciye Medrese
5564:Multiple regions
5416:Eşrefoğlu Mosque
5366:Alahan Monastery
5251:Eastern Anatolia
5171:Central Anatolia
5020:
5013:
5006:
4997:
4983:
4982:
4973:
4963:
4962:
4897:
4615:
4114:Heraclea Lucania
4067:
4058:
4039:
3799:
3731:Twelve Olympians
3702:
3492:
3468:
3056:Seleucid dynasty
3036:Kings of Paionia
2985:
2972:
2842:Scythian archers
2749:Graphe paranomon
2679:
2586:
2583:
2573:
2570:
2554:
2551:
2541:
2537:
2534:
2348:
2319:
2198:Classical Greece
2183:Mycenaean Greece
2163:
2139:
2111:
2104:
2097:
2088:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2014:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1997:
1990:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1776:. Translated by
1766:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1704:
1702:
1701:
1695:
1689:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1656:
1650:
1649:
1625:
1579:
1567:
1552:
1534:
1518:
1502:
1483:
1463:
1448:
1432:
1235:Treaty of Sèvres
1223:Sir Ian Hamilton
941:Hero and Leander
761:
760:
758:
757:
756:
751:
747:
744:
743:
742:
739:
660:
654:
648:
642:
636:
635:
582:
576:
570:
560:
559:
554:
552:Çanakkale Boğazı
464:
462:
456:romanized:
455:
453:
442:
437:
436:
433:
432:
429:
426:
423:
420:
417:
414:
411:
408:
405:
384:
374:
372:
359:
355:Çanakkale Boğazı
345:
341:
336:
335:
332:
331:
328:
325:
322:
319:
316:
313:
310:
307:
304:
194:
193:
191:
190:
189:
184:
180:
177:
176:
175:
172:
162:
151:
140:
139:
133:
121:
110:
109:
103:
86:
77:
69:
67:Çanakkale Boğazı
52:
47:
36:
21:
5788:
5787:
5783:
5782:
5781:
5779:
5778:
5777:
5768:Turkish Straits
5728:
5727:
5726:
5721:
5698:
5696:
5687:
5651:Çandarlı Castle
5641:Akçakoca Castle
5611:Karatay Medrese
5579:Cacabey Medrese
5559:
5496:
5489:
5357:
5350:
5302:
5295:
5252:
5245:
5172:
5165:
5118:
5111:
5039:
5032:
5024:
4994:
4989:
4947:
4902:
4879:
4742:
4736:
4619:
4610:
4602:
4573:Melaina Korkyra
4529:
4451:
4408:
4361:Aeolian Islands
4351:
4213:
4071:
4052:
4051:
4025:
3982:
3893:
3835:
3786:
3740:
3691:
3613:
3604:Wedding customs
3486:
3485:
3454:
3445:Thracian Greeks
3428:
3419:Olympic victors
3397:
3239:
3126:
3070:
3061:Kings of Sparta
3046:Kings of Pontus
3016:Kings of Athens
2992:
2979:
2958:
2854:Army of Macedon
2814:
2791:
2763:
2720:
2668:
2641:(370–c. 230 BC)
2639:Arcadian League
2623:(c. 400–188 BC)
2621:Aetolian League
2615:Boeotian League
2597:Hellenic League
2584:
2571:
2561:(c. 650–404 BC)
2552:
2546:Italiote League
2539:
2535:
2529:Doric Hexapolis
2519:
2510:
2506:Seleucid Empire
2449:
2342:
2341:
2305:
2212:
2188:Greek Dark Ages
2157:
2156:
2133:
2120:
2115:
2068:Wayback Machine
2047:
2042:
2041:
2031:
2029:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2001:
1999:
1998:on 9 April 2018
1995:
1988:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1966:
1964:
1963:. 18 March 2022
1955:
1954:
1950:
1940:
1938:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1918:
1916:
1915:. 17 March 2017
1905:
1904:
1900:
1890:
1888:
1879:
1878:
1874:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1841:
1839:
1830:
1829:
1825:
1818:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1787:
1785:
1768:
1767:
1763:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1714:, ed. (1911). "
1710:
1699:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1687:
1683:
1658:
1657:
1653:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1617:
1590:
1583:
1580:
1571:
1568:
1559:
1553:
1544:
1535:
1526:
1519:
1510:
1503:
1494:
1484:
1475:
1464:
1455:
1449:
1440:
1433:
1424:
1418:and elsewhere.
1398:submarine cable
1394:
1374:
1368:
1356:
1335:
1312:Turkish Straits
1251:
1139:
1133:
1125:Main articles:
1123:
1048:Napoleonic Wars
1040:
1006:
993:
991:
975:
949:
891:in his tragedy
877:pontoon bridges
831:
826:
797:
781:surface current
768:
754:
752:
748:
745:
740:
737:
735:
733:
732:
698:Western Eurasia
675:
577:, 'pottery') +
547:
480:Turkish Straits
448:Classical Greek
440:
402:
398:
343:
339:
301:
297:
224: countries
215:Turkish Straits
187:
185:
181:
178:
173:
170:
168:
166:
165:
155:
154:
153:
152:
149:
148:
147:
146:
145:
141:
124:
123:
122:
119:
118:
117:
116:
115:
111:
89:
71:
48:
37:
30:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5786:
5784:
5776:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5730:
5729:
5723:
5722:
5720:
5719:
5707:
5692:
5689:
5688:
5686:
5685:
5684:
5683:
5678:
5676:Sinop Fortress
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5624:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5592:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5567:
5565:
5561:
5560:
5558:
5557:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5521:
5516:
5507:
5501:
5499:
5491:
5490:
5488:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5460:St.Paul Church
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5362:
5360:
5352:
5351:
5349:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5318:
5313:
5307:
5305:
5297:
5296:
5294:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5261:Akdamar Church
5257:
5255:
5247:
5246:
5244:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5221:Koramaz Valley
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5177:
5175:
5167:
5166:
5164:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5123:
5121:
5113:
5112:
5110:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5050:
5044:
5042:
5034:
5033:
5025:
5023:
5022:
5015:
5008:
5000:
4991:
4990:
4988:
4987:
4977:
4967:
4956:
4953:
4952:
4949:
4948:
4946:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4919:
4918:
4907:
4904:
4903:
4900:
4893:
4892:
4889:
4888:
4885:
4884:
4881:
4880:
4878:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4746:
4744:
4738:
4737:
4735:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4623:
4621:
4612:
4604:
4603:
4601:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4539:
4537:
4531:
4530:
4528:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4461:
4459:
4453:
4452:
4450:
4449:
4444:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4418:
4416:
4410:
4409:
4407:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4365:
4363:
4357:
4356:
4353:
4352:
4350:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4307:Megara Hyblaea
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4287:Hybla Gereatis
4284:
4279:
4277:Heraclea Minoa
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4223:
4221:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4075:
4073:
4064:
4054:
4053:
4050:
4049:
4043:
4042:
4035:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4027:
4026:
4024:
4023:
4021:Attic numerals
4018:
4016:Greek numerals
4013:
4011:Greek alphabet
4008:
4003:
3998:
3992:
3990:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3980:
3975:
3974:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3907:
3905:
3899:
3898:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3845:
3843:
3837:
3836:
3834:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3802:
3796:
3792:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3748:
3746:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3722:
3721:
3711:
3705:
3699:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3668:
3667:
3665:Musical system
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3636:
3635:
3624:
3622:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3500:
3498:
3488:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3478:
3472:
3471:
3464:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3436:
3434:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3405:
3403:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3249:
3247:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3136:
3134:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3097:Mathematicians
3094:
3089:
3084:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3006:Kings of Argos
3002:
3000:
2994:
2993:
2988:
2981:
2980:
2975:
2968:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2864:Cretan archers
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2845:
2844:
2834:
2828:
2826:
2820:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2807:
2801:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2773:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2730:
2728:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2682:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2666:
2663:Achaean League
2660:
2657:Euboean League
2654:
2648:
2645:Epirote League
2642:
2636:
2630:
2624:
2618:
2612:
2606:
2600:
2594:
2593:(c. 500–31 BC)
2588:
2575:
2562:
2556:
2543:
2525:
2523:
2521:Confederations
2512:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2457:
2455:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2447:
2445:Lissus (Crete)
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2356:
2354:
2344:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2315:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2222:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2193:Archaic Greece
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2169:
2167:
2159:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2118:Ancient Greece
2116:
2114:
2113:
2106:
2099:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2075:
2070:
2058:
2053:
2046:
2045:External links
2043:
2040:
2039:
2009:
1974:
1948:
1926:
1898:
1872:
1849:
1823:
1816:
1795:
1778:Potter, Robert
1774:"The Persians"
1761:
1747:
1727:
1712:Chisholm, Hugh
1690:
1681:
1651:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1584:
1581:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1562:
1560:
1554:
1547:
1545:
1536:
1529:
1527:
1520:
1513:
1511:
1504:
1497:
1495:
1485:
1478:
1476:
1465:
1458:
1456:
1450:
1443:
1441:
1434:
1427:
1423:
1420:
1393:
1390:
1370:Main article:
1367:
1364:
1355:
1352:
1334:
1331:
1303:Turkey joined
1255:Ottoman Empire
1250:
1247:
1135:Main article:
1122:
1119:
1090:United Kingdom
1082:Ottoman Empire
1067:Ottoman Empire
1044:Russian Empire
1039:
1036:
1021:Ottoman Empire
1005:
1002:
953:Constantinople
948:
945:
830:
827:
825:
822:
796:
793:
767:
764:
755:40.217; 26.433
706:Sea of Marmara
674:
671:
546:
543:
512:fixed crossing
491:Sea of Marmara
251:
250:
247:
243:
242:
239:
235:
234:
231:
230:
225:
218:
217:
212:
208:
207:
202:
196:
195:
163:
157:
156:
143:
142:
135:
134:
128:
127:
126:
125:
113:
112:
105:
104:
98:
97:
96:
95:
94:
91:
90:
87:
79:
78:
62:
61:
57:
56:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5785:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5735:
5733:
5718:
5717:
5708:
5706:
5705:
5694:
5693:
5690:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5646:Amasra Castle
5644:
5642:
5639:
5638:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5596:
5593:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5584:Çifte Medrese
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5571:
5569:
5568:
5566:
5562:
5556:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5526:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5502:
5500:
5498:
5492:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5465:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5450:Mamure Castle
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5363:
5361:
5359:
5356:Mediterranean
5353:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5326:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5308:
5306:
5304:
5298:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5258:
5256:
5254:
5248:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5178:
5176:
5174:
5168:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5148:
5147:Mount Harşena
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5124:
5122:
5120:
5114:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5045:
5043:
5041:
5035:
5031:
5028:
5021:
5016:
5014:
5009:
5007:
5002:
5001:
4998:
4986:
4978:
4976:
4972:
4968:
4966:
4958:
4957:
4954:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4917:
4914:
4913:
4912:
4909:
4908:
4905:
4898:
4894:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4747:
4745:
4739:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4616:
4613:
4609:
4605:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4540:
4538:
4536:
4532:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4485:Hemeroscopion
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4462:
4460:
4458:
4454:
4448:
4445:
4442:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4415:
4411:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4366:
4364:
4362:
4358:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4224:
4222:
4220:
4216:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4062:Magna Graecia
4059:
4055:
4048:
4045:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3993:
3991:
3989:
3985:
3979:
3976:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3936:Arcadocypriot
3934:
3932:
3929:
3928:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3904:
3900:
3890:
3889:Zeus, Olympia
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
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2022:TeleGeography
2019:
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1707:public domain
1694:
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1664:"Dardanelles"
1661:
1660:Crabb, George
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183:40.2°N 26.4°E
164:
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132:
102:
92:
85:
80:
75:
68:
63:
58:
53:
50:
45:
41:
34:
19:
5714:
5695:
5681:Yoros Castle
5666:Galata Tower
5656:Çeşme Castle
5320:
4780:Dionysopolis
4750:Abonoteichos
4702:Pantikapaion
4292:Hybla Heraea
3628:Architecture
3584:Prostitution
3273:Aristophanes
3132:Philosophers
3102:Philosophers
2934:Spartan army
2665:(280–146 BC)
2653:(338–322 BC)
2647:(370–168 BC)
2635:(374–196 BC)
2629:(378–355 BC)
2611:(430–348 BC)
2605:(478–404 BC)
2599:(499–449 BC)
2286:Peloponnesus
2260:
2208:Roman Greece
2030:. Retrieved
2021:
2012:
2000:. Retrieved
1993:the original
1984:
1977:
1965:. Retrieved
1960:
1951:
1939:. Retrieved
1929:
1917:. Retrieved
1910:
1901:
1889:. Retrieved
1885:
1875:
1858:
1852:
1840:. Retrieved
1835:
1826:
1807:
1804:Green, Peter
1798:
1788:26 September
1786:. Retrieved
1764:
1752:. Retrieved
1737:
1730:
1719:
1693:
1684:
1667:
1654:
1633:
1623:
1408:
1395:
1375:
1361:
1357:
1320:
1316:Novorossyisk
1309:
1302:
1297:Soviet Union
1294:
1290:World War II
1287:
1275:
1252:
1232:
1211:
1178:In 1915 the
1177:
1079:
1064:
1041:
1029:
1018:
999:
995:
977:
973:
961:
950:
927:
921:
918:
899:
894:The Persians
892:
867:
844:
798:
789:
785:undercurrent
769:
730:
676:
640:Hellēspontos
627:The ancient
626:
601:
597:
593:
591:
548:
520:
510:. The first
484:
470:'Sea of
460:Hellḗspontos
394:
386:
354:
293:
291:
211:Part of
49:
5738:Dardanelles
5661:Foça Castle
5601:Gök Medrese
5435:Karain Cave
4928:Place names
4840:Salmydessus
4662:Kalos Limen
4642:Chersonesus
4632:Borysthenes
4337:Tauromenion
4149:Metapontion
3911:Proto-Greek
3864:Erechtheion
3859:Athena Nike
3821:Philippeion
3650:Mathematics
3621:and science
3504:Agriculture
3368:Stesichorus
3278:Bacchylides
3268:Archilochus
3155:Antisthenes
3145:Anaximander
3117:Seven Sages
3107:Playwrights
3087:Geographers
3082:Astronomers
2909:Pezhetairos
2536: 1100
2516:Federations
2415:Megalopolis
2352:City states
2327:City states
1278:the straits
1219:Golden Horn
1121:World War I
1111:Crimean War
1109:during the
1032:its decline
955:during the
818:World War I
753: /
634:Ἑλλήσποντος
602:Dardanelles
594:Dardanelles
555:, meaning '
533:peninsula (
452:Ἑλλήσποντος
389:(after the
382:Dardanéllia
371:Δαρδανέλλια
294:Dardanelles
238:Max. length
186: /
161:Coordinates
144:Dardanelles
114:Dardanelles
55:Dardanelles
5732:Categories
4830:Polemonion
4707:Phanagoria
4677:Kimmerikon
4672:Kerkinitis
4657:Hermonassa
4647:Dioscurias
4543:Aspalathos
4490:Kalathousa
4465:Akra Leuke
4394:Phoenicusa
4179:Scylletium
4164:Poseidonia
4084:Brentesion
3971:Pamphylian
3966:Macedonian
3884:Samothrace
3869:Hephaestus
3816:Long Walls
3795:Structures
3736:Underworld
3682:Technology
3645:Literature
3579:Philosophy
3544:Euergetism
3433:By culture
3378:Thucydides
3220:Pythagoras
3215:Protagoras
3205:Parmenides
3190:Heraclitus
3175:Empedocles
3165:Democritus
3150:Anaximenes
3140:Anaxagoras
3092:Historians
2585: 595
2572: 550
2553: 800
2538: – c.
2466:Cappadocia
2271:Ionian Sea
2261:Hellespont
2226:Aegean Sea
1886:Naval News
1867:1088163662
1842:6 November
1716:Hellespont
1676:1158045075
1642:1193061215
1615:References
1521:A view of
1196:Royal Navy
1165:Anzac Cove
1062:in 1807.
875:) had two
851:Trojan War
775:, abreast
773:Nara Burnu
722:Suez Canal
702:Aegean Sea
395:Hellespont
246:Min. width
188:40.2; 26.4
5591:(Erzurum)
5525:Tur Abdin
5514:Şanlıurfa
5425:Termessos
5117:Black Sea
4916:in Epirus
4865:Trapezous
4810:Mesambria
4795:Eupatoria
4765:Apollonia
4760:Anchialos
4722:Theodosia
4692:Nymphaion
4682:Myrmekion
4652:Gorgippia
4608:Black Sea
4593:Tragurion
4578:Nymphaion
4563:Epidauros
4558:Epidamnos
4548:Apollonia
4525:Zacynthos
4447:Ptolemais
4441:Apollonia
4414:Cyrenaica
4404:Therassía
4399:Strongyle
4379:Ereikousa
4302:Leontinoi
4242:Apollonia
4119:Hipponion
3916:Mycenaean
3879:Parthenon
3811:Lion Gate
3714:Mythology
3677:Sculpture
3640:Astronomy
3574:Pederasty
3549:Festivals
3534:Education
3414:Lawgivers
3383:Timocreon
3363:Sophocles
3358:Simonides
3333:Philocles
3328:Panyassis
3323:Mimnermus
3288:Herodotus
3283:Euripides
3253:Aeschylus
3200:Leucippus
3160:Aristotle
2939:Strategos
2805:Synedrion
2759:Ostracism
2739:Areopagus
2691:Free city
2486:Macedonia
2370:Byzantion
2276:Macedonia
2241:Cyrenaica
2218:Geography
2152:Geography
1891:2 October
1770:Aeschylus
1557:Çanakkale
1542:Çanakkale
1523:Çanakkale
1509:peninsula
1507:Gallipoli
1488:Gallipoli
1472:Gallipoli
1453:Piri Reis
1437:Byzantine
1333:Crossings
1199:sea power
1027:in 1354.
990:of wine.
988:sextarius
980:Cilicians
957:Byzantine
889:Aeschylus
869:Herodotus
777:Çanakkale
710:Black Sea
694:Near East
673:Geography
558:Çanakkale
508:Çanakkale
503:Black Sea
493:with the
391:Gallipoli
376:romanized
5716:Category
5149:and the
5055:and the
4965:Category
4943:Theatres
4870:Tripolis
4805:Kerasous
4800:Heraclea
4732:Tyritake
4687:Nikonion
4598:Thronion
4520:Salauris
4475:Emporion
4432:Berenice
4422:Balagrae
4374:Euonymos
4347:Tyndaris
4332:Syracuse
4327:Selinous
4297:Kamarina
4252:Casmenae
4237:Akrillai
4154:Neápolis
4089:Caulonia
4070:Mainland
4001:Linear B
3996:Linear A
3926:Dialects
3903:Language
3697:Religion
3655:Medicine
3589:Religion
3554:Folklore
3539:Emporium
3514:Clothing
3509:Calendar
3393:Xenophon
3388:Tyrtaeus
3373:Theognis
3348:Polybius
3343:Plutarch
3318:Menander
3298:Hipponax
3225:Socrates
3180:Epicurus
3026:Diadochi
2924:Sciritae
2884:Hetairoi
2859:Ballista
2824:Military
2787:Gerousia
2777:Ekklesia
2744:Ecclesia
2726:Athenian
2674:Politics
2587:–279 BC)
2574:–366 BC)
2555:–389 BC)
2491:Pergamon
2461:Bithynia
2454:Kingdoms
2395:Pergamon
2337:Military
2332:Politics
2129:Timeline
2064:Archived
2026:Archived
1967:19 March
1941:21 March
1919:19 March
1806:(1996).
1782:Archived
1754:1 August
1662:(1833).
1646:Archived
1588:See also
1386:Gelibolu
1354:Maritime
1245:curbed.
1217:off the
1023:, which
964:Istanbul
959:period.
857:army of
714:Bosporus
712:via the
682:waterway
679:maritime
610:Dardanus
606:Dardanus
527:Gelibolu
476:Bosporus
443:-isp-ont
278:Gelibolu
261:Bosporus
5753:Trojans
5597:(Sivas)
5301:Marmara
4985:Outline
4938:Temples
4875:Zaliche
4855:Thèrmae
4845:Sesamus
4815:Odessos
4790:Cytorus
4785:Cotyora
4535:Illyria
4500:Mainake
4495:Kypsela
4384:Hycesia
4342:Thermae
4322:Segesta
4312:Messana
4267:Helorus
4247:Calacte
4227:Akragas
4189:Sybaris
4174:Rhegion
4129:Krimisa
4079:Alision
3988:Writing
3961:Locrian
3951:Epirote
3921:Homeric
3854:Artemis
3841:Temples
3782:Olympia
3752:Eleusis
3687:Theatre
3672:Pottery
3599:Warfare
3594:Slavery
3529:Economy
3524:Cuisine
3519:Coinage
3496:Society
3481:Culture
3476:Society
3424:Tyrants
3263:Alcaeus
3245:Authors
3195:Hypatia
3185:Gorgias
3122:Writers
2944:Toxotai
2914:Sarissa
2904:Peltast
2899:Phalanx
2879:Hoplite
2874:Hippeis
2797:Macedon
2769:Spartan
2754:Heliaia
2701:Proxeny
2410:Larissa
2405:Kerkyra
2400:Eretria
2390:Miletus
2385:Ephesus
2380:Corinth
2375:Chalcis
2296:Taurica
2166:Periods
2147:History
2032:9 April
2002:8 April
1709::
1474:in 1915
1382:Sütlüce
1378:Lapseki
1288:During
1271:straits
1243:straits
1190:, then
1102:Prussia
1098:Austria
1054:in the
914:fetters
855:Persian
806:Ukraine
795:History
741:26°26′E
738:40°13′N
704:to the
690:Balkans
622:Dardani
618:Electra
535:Turkish
523:Turkish
468:
378::
363:
350:Turkish
282:Turkish
274:Turkish
174:26°24′E
171:40°12′N
74:Turkish
5510:Harran
5497:Region
5445:Kekova
5371:Alanya
5358:Region
5303:Region
5253:Region
5173:Region
5119:Region
5040:Region
5038:Aegean
5027:UNESCO
4975:Portal
4923:People
4911:Cities
4850:Sinope
4835:Rhizos
4825:Phasis
4775:Bathus
4770:Athina
4755:Amisos
4717:Tanais
4712:Pityus
4637:Charax
4588:Pharos
4583:Orikon
4480:Helike
4470:Alonis
4437:Cyrene
4369:Didyme
4282:Himera
4257:Catana
4219:Sicily
4209:Thurii
4204:Terina
4169:Pixous
4124:Hydrus
4099:Croton
3931:Aeolic
3849:Aphaea
3772:Dodona
3757:Delphi
3726:Temple
3402:Others
3353:Sappho
3338:Pindar
3313:Lucian
3308:Ibycus
3293:Hesiod
3230:Thales
2998:Rulers
2977:People
2954:Xyston
2949:Xiphos
2810:Koinon
2716:Tyrant
2706:Stasis
2696:Koinon
2496:Pontus
2471:Epirus
2440:Sparta
2430:Rhodes
2425:Megara
2420:Thebes
2365:Athens
2291:Pontus
2256:Epirus
2246:Cyprus
2231:Aeolis
1865:
1814:
1745:
1703:
1674:
1640:
1468:ANZACs
1416:Sicily
1412:Athens
1392:Subsea
1180:Allies
1100:, and
1094:France
986:and 2
984:follis
902:Xerxes
885:Greece
881:Abydos
873:Darius
839:Xerxes
802:Russia
726:Russia
696:, and
692:, the
688:, the
655:, and
495:Aegean
228:Turkey
205:Strait
70:
5331:İznik
4933:Stoae
4901:Lists
4820:Oinòe
4743:coast
4741:South
4727:Tyras
4697:Olbia
4667:Kepoi
4620:coast
4618:North
4611:basin
4553:Aulon
4515:Rhode
4427:Barca
4317:Naxos
4272:Henna
4232:Akrai
4199:Taras
4184:Siris
4144:Medma
4139:Locri
4104:Cumae
4094:Chone
4072:Italy
3978:Koine
3956:Ionic
3946:Doric
3941:Attic
3762:Delos
3660:Music
3303:Homer
3258:Aesop
3210:Plato
3112:Poets
2782:Ephor
2734:Agora
2711:Tagus
2686:Boule
2435:Samos
2360:Argos
2266:Ionia
2251:Doris
2236:Crete
1996:(PDF)
1989:(PDF)
1538:Ferry
933:Helle
677:As a
663:Helle
631:name
629:Greek
574:çanak
568:چاناق
545:Names
531:Troad
472:Helle
367:Greek
222:Basin
5553:and
5512:and
5423:and
5323:and
4860:Tium
4627:Akra
4568:Issa
4262:Gela
4134:Laüs
4109:Elea
3767:Dion
3619:Arts
3609:Wine
3235:Zeno
2832:Wars
2034:2018
2004:2018
1969:2022
1943:2022
1921:2017
1893:2023
1863:OCLC
1844:2020
1812:ISBN
1790:2003
1756:2017
1743:ISBN
1672:OCLC
1638:OCLC
1466:The
1366:Land
1341:The
1305:NATO
1129:and
847:Troy
804:and
616:and
614:Zeus
586:kale
580:قلعه
539:Biga
497:and
466:lit.
361:lit.
344:NELZ
342:-də-
292:The
286:Biga
200:Type
3564:Law
1961:CNN
1718:".
1470:at
1225:'s
441:HEL
340:DAR
309:ɑːr
5734::
5462:,
2582:c.
2569:c.
2550:c.
2533:c.
2024:.
2020:.
1959:.
1909:.
1884:.
1834:.
1780:.
1772:.
1666:.
1644:.
1632:.
1414:,
1403:GW
1396:2
1329:.
1096:,
1092:,
1034:.
820:.
762:.
728:.
669:.
649:,
537::
525::
518:.
482:.
463:,
454:,
450::
446:;
373:,
369::
358:,
352::
348:;
284::
276::
5527:)
5019:e
5012:t
5005:v
4443:)
4439:(
2580:(
2567:(
2548:(
2542:)
2531:(
2518:/
2110:e
2103:t
2096:v
2036:.
2006:.
1971:.
1945:.
1923:.
1895:.
1869:.
1846:.
1820:.
1758:.
1678:.
1349:.
1058:—
637:(
583:(
571:(
434:/
431:t
428:n
425:ɒ
422:p
419:s
416:ɪ
413:l
410:ɛ
407:h
404:ˈ
401:/
397:(
333:/
330:z
327:l
324:ɛ
321:n
318:ˈ
315:ə
312:d
306:d
303:ˌ
300:/
296:(
76:)
72:(
46:.
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