4005:(In Title VII, Book VI, of the Compilation of the laws of the kingdoms of the Indies, dedicated to the caciques, we can find three very interesting laws insofar as they determined the role that the caciques were going to play in the new order Social background. With them, the Crown officially recognized the rights of pre-Hispanic origin of these principals. Specifically, we are referring to Laws 1, 2, dedicated to American space. And to Law 16, instituted by Philip II on June 11, 1594 – the similarity of the previous ones – in order that the principal Indians of the Philippine Islands be treated well and be entrusted with some task of government. Likewise, this provision extended to the Filipino caciques all the doctrine in force in relation to the Indian chieftains ... The principal thus became part of the Indian political-administrative system, serving as a link between the Spanish authorities and the indigenous population . For a better administration of the aforementioned population, the "pueblos de indios" – where it was reduced to the previously dispersed Aboriginal population -) Luque Talaván, Miguel, ed. (2002). Análisis Histórico-Jurídico de la Nobleza Indiana de Origen Prehispánico (Conferencia en la Escuela "Marqués de Aviles" de Genealogía, Heráldica y Nobiliaria de la "Asociación de Diplomados en Genealogía, Heráldica y Nobiliaria") (pdf) (in Spanish), p. 22.
3409:(The institution of the Chefs de Barangay was borrowed from the Indians with whom it was found established during the conquest of the Philippines; At that time they formed a kind of hereditary nobility. Heredity has been preserved to them to-day; when one of these places becomes vacant, the appointment of the successor is made by the superintendent of finance in the pueblos which surround the capital, and in the distant provinces by the alcalde, The proposal of the gobernadorcillo and the presentation of the other members of the barangay; It is the same for the new creations that the population needs from time to time. The cabeza, his wife and the eldest of his children are exempt from tributo. After three years of good service, they are granted the title of "don" and that of "pasado"; and they remain free from any personal service; they can be elected gobernadorcillos. Votes are taken by secret ballot and the slightest violation of the regulations results in the nullity of the election.) MALLAT de BASSILAU, Jean (1846). Les Philippines: Histoire, géographie, moeurs. Agriculture, industrie et commerce des Colonies espagnoles dans l'Océanie (2 vols) (in French). Paris: Arthus Bertrand Éd.
3540:(This institution (Cabecería de Barangay), much older than the subjection of the islands to the Government, has always deserved the greatest attention. In the beginning were the hereditary headings, and constituted the true hidalguía of the country; But in the provinces, although they are still processed by hereditary succession, there are also elections, particularly in the provinces closest to Manila, where they have lost their prestige and are a real burden. In the distant provinces they are still respected, and that is precisely where authority has less to do, and the order is preserved without the need for coercive measures; Because the patriarchal government still exists in them, because of the great respect which the plebs still hold to what they call here "principal") FERRANDO, Fr Juan & FONSECA OSA, Fr Joaquin (1870–1872). Historia de los PP. Dominicos en las Islas Filipinas y en las Misiones del Japon, China, Tung-kin y Formosa (Vol. 1 of 6 vols) (in Spanish). Madrid: Imprenta y esteriotipia de M Rivadeneyra. OCLC 9362749.
3426:"It is not right that the Indian chiefs of Filipinas be in a worse condition after conversion; rather they should have such treatment that would gain their affection and keep them loyal, so that with the spiritual blessings that God has communicated to them by calling them to His true knowledge, the temporal blessings may be added and they may live contentedly and comfortably. Therefore, we order the governors of those islands to show them good treatment and entrust them, in our name, with the government of the Indians, of whom they were formerly lords. In all else the governors shall see that the chiefs are benefited justly, and the Indians shall pay them something as a recognition, as they did during the period of their paganism, provided it be without prejudice to the tributes that are to be paid us, or prejudicial to that which pertains to their encomenderos." Felipe II,
4003:
reconocía oficialmente los derechos de origen prehispánico de estos principales. Concretamente, nos estamos refiriendo a las Leyes 1, 2, dedicadas al espacio americano . Y a la Ley 16, instituida por Felipe II el 11 de junio de 1594 -a similitud de las anteriores-, con la finalidad de que los indios principales de las islas
Filipinas fuesen bien tratados y se les encargase alguna tarea de gobierno. Igualmente, esta disposición hacía extensible a los caciques filipinos toda la doctrina vigente en relación con los caciques indianos...Los principales pasaron así a formar parte del sistema político-administrativo indiano, sirviendo de nexo de unión entre las autoridades españolas y la población indígena. Para una mejor administración de la precitada población, se crearon los «pueblos de indios» -donde se redujo a la anteriormente dispersa población aborigen-
979:
3407:
successeur est faite par le surintendant des finances dans les pueblos qui environnent la capitale, et, dans les provinces éloignées, par l alcalde, sur la proposition du gobernadorcillo et la présentation des autres membres du barangay; il en est de même pour les nouvelles créations que nécessite de temps à autre l augmentation de la population. Le cabeza, sa femme et l aîné de ses enfants sont exempts du tributo; après trois ans de service bien fait, on leur accorde le titre de "don" et celui de "pasado"; et ils demeurent exempts de tout service personnel; ils peuvent être élus gobernadorcillos. Les votes sont pris au scrutin secret et la moindre infraction aux règlements entraîne la nullité de l'élection.
4177:
privilege, duty and prescribed norms of conduct, and is requisite for community leadership; 3.) Petty
Plutocracies, which are dominated socially and politically by a recognized class of rich men who attain membership through birthright, property and the performance of specified ceremonies. They are "petty" because their authority is localized, being extended by neither absentee landlordism nor territorial subjugation; and 4.) Principalities. Although in his book, Scot mentioned mostly examples found in Mindanao, however, this form of society was predominant on the plains of Visayan Islands, as well as in Luzon, during the pre-conquest era. Cf. William Henry Scott,
1686:
subjects, by districts and families; and these obeyed and respected the chief. Some chiefs had friendship and communication with others, and at times wars and quarrels... When any of these chiefs was more courageous than others in war and upon other occasions, such a one enjoyed more followers and men; and the others were under his leadership, even if they were chiefs. These latter retained to themselves the lordship and particular government of their own following, which is called barangay among them. They had datos and other special leaders who attended to the interests of the barangay.
2306:
3891:
nature and wider society that appears as the property of others – be they religious figures, politicians, officials, landlords and/or economic powerholders. Whereas this area may be seen as a "public in itself", it is not experienced as "of the public" or "for itself". It is the vast territory where "men of prowess" (Wolters 1999: 18–19) compete for power, the highly admired social good (King 2008: 177). Accordingly, society is reduced to an aggregate of person-to-person bonds that are supposedly in good order if everybody lives up to his or her ethics of place.
1549:), especially in provinces near the central colonial government in Manila where the ancient ruling families lost their prestige and role. Perhaps proximity to the central power diminished their significance. However, in distant territories, where the central authority had less control and where order could be maintained without using coercive measures, hereditary succession was still enforced until Spain lost the archipelago to the Americans. These distant territories remained patriarchal societies, where people retained great respect for the
2831:
manera estructuradas y se apreciaba en ellas una organización jerárquica embrionaria y local, performance and Botuo digna de ser atendida. Precisamente en esa organización local es, como siempre, de donde nace la nobleza. El indio aborigen, jefe de tribu, es reconocido como noble y las pruebas irrefutables de su nobleza se encuentran principalmente en las Hojas de
Servicios de los militares de origen filipino que abrazaron la carrera de las Armas, cuando para hacerlo necesariamente era preciso demostrar el origen nobiliario del individuo.
1454:
4235:, cultivar sus campos y pelear en la guerra. Los siervos, que formaban el término medio entre los esclavos y los hombres libres, podían tener propriedad individual, mujer, campos, casa y esclavos; pero los tagalos debían pagar una cantidad en polvo de oro equivalente á una parte de sus cosechas, los de los barangayes bisayas estaban obligados á trabajar en las tieras del señor cinco días al mes, pagarle un tributo anual en arroz y hacerle un presente en las fiestas. Durante la dominación española, el
3534:
tramiten por sucesion hereditaria, las hay tambien eleccion, particularmente en las provincias más inmediatas á Manila, en donde han perdido su prestigio y son una verdadera carga. En las provincias distantes todavía se hacen respetar, y allí es precisamente en donde la autoridad tiene ménos que hacer, y el órden se conserva sin necesidad de medidas coercitivas; porque todavía existe en ellas el gobierno patriarcal, por el gran respeto que la plebe conserva aún á lo que llaman aquí
3445:
junten los temporales, y vivan con gusto y conveniencia. Por lo qua mandamos a los
Gobernadores de aquellas Islas, que les hagan buen tratamiento, y encomienden en nuestro nombre el gobierno de los Indios, de que eran Señores, y en todo lo demás procuren, que justamente se aprovechen haciéndoles los Indios algún reconocimiento en la forma que corría el tiempo de su Gentilidad, con que esto sin perjuicio de los tributos, que á Nos han de pagar, ni de lo que á sus Encomenderos
2930:"There were no kings or lords throughout these islands who ruled over them as in the manner of our kingdoms and provinces; but in every island, and in each province of it, many chiefs were recognized by the natives themselves. Some were more powerful than others, and each one had his followers and subjects, by districts and families; and these obeyed and respected the chief. Some chiefs had friendship and communication with others, and at times wars and quarrels. These
1035:
2833:(On the other hand, while in the Indies pre-Columbian culture had reached a high level, in the Philippines the island civilization continued to manifest itself in its most primitive states. However, these primitive societies, totally independent of each other, were in some way structured and had an embryonic and local hierarchical organization in them, but it was worthy of being attended to. Precisely in career, when in order to do
2233:
2024:) also shared many customs of royalties and nobles in Southeast Asian territories, especially in the way they used to dress and adorn themselves with gold and silk. The measure of the prince's possession of gold and slaves was proportionate to his greatness and nobility. The first Western travellers, who came to the archipelago, observed that there was hardly any "Indian" who did not possess chains and other articles of gold.
1847:
4966:
2855:"También fundó convento el Padre Fray Martin de Rada en Araut- que ahora se llama el convento de Dumangas- con la advocación de nuestro Padre San Agustín...Está fundado este pueblo casi a los fines del río de Halaur, que naciendo en unos altos montes en el centro de esta isla (Panay)...Es el pueblo muy hermoso, ameno y muy lleno de palmares de cocos. Antiguamente era el emporio y corte de la más lucida
4976:
1287:
594:
53:
1120:
1991:
a one enjoyed more followers and men; and the others were under his leadership, even if they were chiefs. These latter retained to themselves the lordship and particular government of their own following, which is called barangay among them. They had datos and other special leaders who attended to the interests of the barangay.
4002:
En el Título VII, del Libro VI, de la
Recopilación de las leyes de los reynos de Las Indias, dedicado a los caciques, podemos encontrar tres leyes muy interesantes en tanto en cuanto determinaron el papel que los caciques iban a desempeñar en el nuevo ordenamiento social indiano. Con ellas, la Corona
3406:
L'institution des chefs de barangay a été empruntée aux
Indiens chez qui on l a trouvée établie lors de la conquête des Philippines; ils formaient, à cette époque une espèce de noblesse héréditaire. L'hérédité leur a été conservée aujourd hui: quand une de ces places devient vacante, la nomination du
3128:
of 1604 shows that many coastal barangays in Panay, Leyte, Bohol, and Cebu were flourishing trading centers. Some of these barangays had large populations. In Panay, some barangays had 20,000 inhabitants; in Leyte (Baybay) 15,000 inhabitants; and in Cebu, 3,500 residents. There were smaller barangays
3101:
During the early part of the
Spanish colonization of the Philippines the Spanish Augustinian Friar, Gaspar de San Agustín, O.S.A., describes Iloilo and Panay as one of the most populated islands in the archipelago and the most fertile of all the islands of the Philippines. He also talks about Iloilo,
2357:
c) Issuance of
Certificates of Tribal Membership. Only the recognized registered leaders are authorized to issue certificates of tribal membership to their members. Such certificates shall be confirmed by the NCIP based on its census and records and shall have effect only for the purpose for which it
1990:
These principalities and lordships were inherited in the male line and by succession of father and son and their descendants. If these were lacking, then their brothers and collateral relatives succeeded... When any of these chiefs was more courageous than others in war and upon other occasions, such
4176:
Historians classify four types of unhispanized societies in the
Philippines, some of which still survive in remote and isolated parts of the Country: 1.) Classless societies; 2.) Warrior societies, characterized by a distinct warrior class, in which membership is won by personal achievement, entails
2293:
of the
Cuyunin tribes). These descendants of the ancient ruling class are now among the landed aristocracy, intellectual elite, merchants, and politicians in the contemporary Filipino society, and have ancestors that held the titles of Don or Doña, which were used by Spanish royalties and nobilities
3104:
Es la isla de Panay muy parecida a la de Sicilia, así por su forma triangular come por su fertilidad y abundancia de bastimentos... Es la isla más poblada, después de Manila y Mindanao, y una de las mayores, por bojear más de cien leguas. En fertilidad y abundancia es en todas la primera... El otro
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were inherited in the male line and by succession of father and son and their descendants. If these were lacking, then their brothers and collateral relatives succeeded... When any of these chiefs was more courageous than others in war and upon other occasions, such a one enjoyed more followers and
2859:
de toda aquella isla...Hay en dicho pueblo algunos buenos I know jnnu jnbu nuj ni I mean mo 9mkk k9k9 9kIcristianos...Las visitas que tiene son ocho: tres en el monte, dos en el río y tres en el mar...Las que están al mar son: Santa Ana de Anilao, San Juan Evangelista de Bobog, y otra visita más en
2351:
b) Recognition of Leadership Titles. To forestall undue conferment of leadership titles and misrepresentations, the ICCs/IPs concerned, may, at their option, submit a list of their recognized traditional socio-political leaders with their corresponding titles to the NCIP. The NCIP through its field
2288:
In the mainstream Philippine society that is predominantly Catholic, the descendants of the principalities are the rightful claimants of the ancient sovereign royal and noble ranks of the pre-conquest kingdoms, principalities, and barangays of their ancestors (such as the realm of the Christianized
2274:
or the Christianized precolonial datus and rajahs, whose status and prerogatives as nobles and former sovereigns were recognized and confirmed by the Spanish Empire. (e.g., descendants of the Christianized last datus of the Cuyunin tribes of Palawan and the precolonial Datus of Panay, Samar, Leyte,
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in other parts of the world. Their control over territory was a function of their leadership of the barangay and, in some local pre-colonial societies (mostly in Luzon), the concept of ruling was not a "divine right". Furthermore, their position was dependent on the common consent of the members of
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men; and the others were under his leadership, even if they were chiefs. These latter retained to themselves the lordship and particular government of their own following, which is called barangay among them. They had datos and other special leaders who attended to the interests of the barangay."
3380:
as a "person or thing that holds first place in value or importance, and is given precedence and preference before others". This Spanish term best describes the Datu class of the society in the Archipelago, which the Europeans came in contact with. Cf. William Henry Scott, Cracks in the Parchment
2513:
Petty plutocracies dominated socially and politically by a recognized class of rich men who attain membership through birthright, property, and by performing specified ceremonies. They are "petty" because their authority is localized, being extended by neither absentee landlordism nor territorial
2213:
of Sandakan, with the fullest power of life and death over all the inhabitants. On the other hand, in the Philippines, the Spaniards did not grant honorary titles; instead, they created nobiliary titles over conquered territories in the archipelago to reward high Spanish colonial officials. These
1685:
There were no kings or lords throughout these islands who ruled over them as in the manner of our kingdoms and provinces; but in every island, and in each province of it, many chiefs were recognized by the natives themselves. Some were more powerful than others, and each one had his followers and
3890:
For most Southeast Asians, social life is rooted in the immediate experience of a hierarchically ordered social arrangement based on the essential inequality of individuals and their mutual obligations to each other. This tangible world blends into the surrounding (not morally obliging) space of
3444:
No es justo, que los Indios Principales de Filipinas sean de peor condición, después de haberse convertido, ántes de les debe hacer tratamiento, que los aficione, y mantenga en felicidad, para que con los bienes espirituales, que Dios les ha comunicado llamándolos a su verdadero conocimiento, se
2830:
Por otra parte, mientras en las Indias la cultura precolombiana había alcanzado un alto nivel, en Filipinas la civilización isleña continuaba manifestándose en sus estados más primitivos. Sin embargo, esas sociedades primitivas, independientes totalmente las unas de las otras, estaban en cierta
1502:
or the Christianized datus) and Filipino officials of justice received the greatest consideration from the Spanish Crown officials. The colonial officials were under obligation to show them the honor corresponding to their respective duties. They were allowed to sit in the houses of the Spanish
3533:
Esta institucion (Cabecería de Barangay), mucho más antigua que la sujecion de las islas al Gobierno, ha merecido siempre las mayores atencion. En un principio eran las cabecerías hereditarias, y constituian la verdadera hidalguía del país; mas del dia, si bien en algunas provincias todavía se
1568:
system in the Spanish colony for over three hundred years. The Spanish colonial government's prohibition for foreigners to own land in the Philippines contributed to the evolution of this form of oligarchy. In some Philippine provinces, many Spaniards and foreign merchants married the rich and
3142:
Leyte and Cebu, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Pasig, Laguna, and Cagayan River were flourishing trading centers. Some of these barangays had large populations. In Panay, some barangays had 20,000 inhabitants; in Leyte (Baybay), 15,000 inhabitants; in Cebu, 3,500 residents; in Vitis (Pampanga), 7,000
1059:
At the beginning of the 20th century, the Lumad peoples controlled an area that now covers 17 of Mindanao's 24 provinces – but by the 1980 census, they constituted less than 6% of the population of Mindanao and Sulu. Heavy migration to Mindanao of Visayans, who have settled in the Island for
2095:
of Tondo (Lakandula) and Maynila (Rajahs Matanda and Sulayman), leading Lakandula and Sulayman to explain that there was "no single king over these lands", and that the influence of Tondo and Maynila over the Kapampangan polities did not include either territorial claim or absolute command.
1250:
marry only among their kind, often seeking high ranking brides in other Barangays, abducting them, or contracting brideprices in gold, slaves and jewelry. Meanwhile, datus kept their daughters secluded for protection and prestige. These well-guarded and protected highborn women were called
2329:
conferred by various ethnic groups to certain foreigners and non-tribe members by local chieftains are only forms of local award or appreciation for some goods or services done to a local tribe or to the person of the chieftain, and are not legally binding. Any contrary claim is otherwise
2345:
a) Right to Confer Leadership Titles. The ICCs/IPs concerned, in accordance with their customary laws and practices, Indigenous peoples shall have the sole right to vest titles of leadership such as, but not limited to, Bae, Datu, Baylan, Timuay, Likid and such other titles to their
1060:
centuries, spurred by government-sponsored resettlement programmes, turned the Lumads into minorities. The Bukidnon province population grew from 63,470 in 1948 to 194,368 in 1960 and 414,762 in 1970, with the proportion of Indigenous Bukidnons falling from 64% to 33%, and then 14%.
2115:
was not unknown among the various early polities of the Philippine archipelago, since many of these settlements had rich maritime cultures and traditions and traveled widely as sailors and traders. The Tagalogs, for example had the word "hari" to describe a monarch. As noted by
2217:
The various tribes and claimants to the royal titles of Indigenous peoples in the Philippines have their own particular customs in conferring local honorary titles, which correspond to the specific and traditional social structures of some Indigenous peoples in the country.
955:
In the later part of the 1500s, the Spaniards took possession of most of Luzon and the Visayas, converting the lowland population to Christianity from their local Indigenous religion. Although Spain eventually established footholds in northern and eastern Mindanao and the
2517:
Principalities: Scott's book mostly mentions examples in Mindanao, however, this form of society was predominant on the plains of the Visayan Islands and Luzon, during the pre-conquest era. Cf. William Henry Scott, Cracks in the Parchment Curtain, Quezon City: 1998, p.
1446:, signed a law on June 11, 1594, which commanded the Spanish colonial officials in the archipelago that these native royalties and nobilities be given the same respect, and privileges that they had enjoyed before their conversion. Their domains became self-ruled
2124:(king) to foreign monarchs, such as those of the Javanese Madjapahit kingdoms, rather than to their own leaders. "Datu", "rajah", "lakan", etc., were distinct unique words to describe the powers and privilege of indigenous or local rulers and paramount rulers.
4229:á quienes heredaban los hijos mayores, las hijas á falta de éstos, ó los parientes más próximos si no tenían descendencia directa; pero siempre teniendo en cuenta las condiciones de fuerza ó de dinero...Los vassalos plebeyos tenían que remar en los barcos del
2201:" has been conferred to foreigners and non-tribe members by the heads of local tribes and principalities. During the colonial period, some of these titles carried legal privileges. For example, on January 22, 1878, Sultan Jamalul A'Lam of Sulu appointed the
1545:. This remnant of the pre-colonial royal and noble families continued to rule their traditional domain until the end of the Spanish regime. However, there were cases when succession in leadership was also done through the election of new leaders (i.e.,
2337:, the republic also protects the peculiar situation of tribal minorities and their traditional Indigenous social structures. It allows members of Indigenous minority tribes to be conferred with traditional leadership titles, including the title
4411:
1605:
owners of agricultural products and sea resources within a district, the primary supporters of attached craft specialists, the overseers of intra-district and external trade, and the pivotal centers of regional resource mobilization systems.
3143:
inhabitants; Pangasinan, 4,000 residents. There were smaller barangays with fewer people. But these were generally inland communities; or if they were coastal, they were not located in areas good for business pursuits. Cf. F. Landa Jocano,
2151:
did not have precise terminologies to describe former Philippine rulership structures, and began appropriating European concepts, such as king or queen to describe them. Because most Filipinos, even during precolonial times, related with
2266:
The descendants of datus and sultans of historical and influential precolonial polities that were not totally subjected to Spanish rule, e.g., the Sultanate of Jolo, Sultanate of Maguindnao, who still claim at least the titles of their
1640:
aristocracy" and were widely recognized "aristocratic" or "noble", which were comparable to the nobles and royals of the Spanish colonizers, the nature of their relationship with the members of their barangay was less asymmetrical than
2341:, in a manner specified under the law's implementing rules and guidelines (Administrative Order No. 1, Series of 1998, of the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples specifically under Rule IV, Part I, Section 2, a-c), which reads:
4294:"Administrative Order No. 1 of National Commission on Indigenous Peoples, Series of 1998: Rules and Regulations Implementing Republic Act No. 8371, otherwise known as the Indigenous Peoples' Rights Act of 1997, Philippines, WIPO Lex"
2099:
Junker and Scott note that this misconception was natural, because both the Chinese and the Spanish came from cultures which had autocratic and imperial political structures. It was a function of language, since their respective
3776:
Mapping and Analysis of Indigenous Governance Practices in the Philippines and Proposal for Establishing an Indicative Framework for Indigenous People's Governance: Towards a Broader and Inclusive Process of Governance in the
3105:
corre al oeste con el nombre de Alaguer , desembocando en el mar a dos leguas de distancia de Dumangas...Es el pueblo muy hermoso, ameno y muy lleno de palmares de cocos. Antiguamente era el emporio y corte de la más lucida
2052:
When travelers came to the Philippines from cultures which were under a sovereign monarch, these travelers often initially referred to the rulers of Philippine polities as monarchs, implying recognition of their powers as
2275:
Mindoro, Pampanga, Bulacan, Laguna, Bicol Region, etc.; descendants of the Christianized rajahs of Cebu, Butuan and Manila; descendants of Christianized chiefs of precolonial tribes of the Cordilleras and northern Luzon.)
4404:
3360:
Tous les descendants de ces chefs étaient regardés comme nobles et exempts des corvées et autres services auxquels étaient assujettis les roturiers que l on appelait "timaguas". Les femmes étaient nobles comme les
1301:
enjoyed a more extensive commerce than those in Visayas, having the influence of Bornean political contacts, and engaging in farming wet rice for a living. They were described by the Spanish Augustinian friar
1517:
and municipal judges' of the Iberian Peninsula, and performed the duties of both judges and notaries with defined powers. They also had the rights and powers to elect assistants and several lieutenants and
580:
2804:
By the end of the 16th century, any claim to Filipino royalty, nobility, or hidalguía had disappeared into a homogenized, hispanized, and Christianized nobility – the Principalía. Cf. William Henry Scott,
4397:
1486:. – a mark of esteem and distinction in Europe reserved for a person of noble or royal status during the colonial period. Other honors and high regard were also accorded to the Christianized datus by the
2509:
Warrior societies, characterized by a distinct warrior class, in which membership is won by personal achievement, entails privilege, duty, and prescribed norms of conduct, and is requisite for community
4105:
Commission from Sultan of Sulu appointing Baron de Overbeck (an Austrian who was then the Austro-Hungarian Empire's Consul-General in Hong Kong) Dato Bendahara and Rajah of Sandakan. Dated January 22,
2569:á quienes heredaban los hijos mayores, las hijas á falta de éstos, ó los parientes más próximos si no tenían descendencia directa; pero siempre teniendo en cuenta las condiciones de fuerza ó de dinero.
2108:
vocabularies were organized around worldviews that asserted the divine right of monarchs. As a result, they tended to project their beliefs into the peoples they encountered during trade and conquest.
2171:
technicalities of monarchies in the political sense, persists today. Common Filipino experience does not usually draw distinctions between aristocracy and nobility vis a vis sovereignty and monarchy.
5012:
1883:...Social life is rooted in the immediate experience of a hierarchically ordered social arrangement based on the essential inequality of individuals and their mutual obligations to each other.
2032:
The Spanish colonizers who came in the 1500s acknowledged the nobility of the aristocratic class within early Philippine societies. De Morga, for example, referred to them as principalities.
3905:
Paths Of Origins: The Austronesian Heritage In The Collections Of The National Museum Of The Philippines, The Museum Nasional Of Indonesia, And The Netherlands Rijksmuseum Voor Volkenkunde
2186:
The technical distinction between these concepts have been highlighted again by ethnohistorians, historiographers, and anthropologists belonging to the critical scholarship tradition.
1868:
The Filipino worldview has had a conception of the self or individual being deeply and holistically connected to a larger community, expressed in the language of Filipino psychology as
5066:
1774:
in more Islamized Subanon communities. In some other portions of the Visayas and Mindanao, there was no separate name for the most senior ruler, so the paramount ruler was called a
1503:
provincial governors, and in any other places. They were not left to remain standing. Spanish parish priests were forbidden from treating Filipino nobles with less consideration.
573:
1673:
exercised only a limited degree of influence over the less-senior datus they led, which did not include claims over the barangays and territories. Antonio de Morga, in his work
1297:
The different type of culture prevalent in Luzon gave a less stable and more complex social structure to the pre-colonial Tagalog barangays of Manila, Pampanga and Laguna. The
1918:
and other nobles as being created by an almighty deity, just like other human beings, but the behavior of these creations determined the social position of their descendants.
1145:
in the Visayas, such as Panay, Cebu and Leyte(which were never conquered by Spain but were accomplished as vassals using pacts, peace treaties, and reciprocal alliances), the
1471:(noble class) of the Philippines. It was the class that constituted a birthright aristocracy with claims to respect, obedience, and support from those of subordinate status.
5686:
36:
3679:. Malacañang Presidential Museum and Library Araw ng Maynila Briefers. Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office. June 23, 2015. Archived from
614:
is a title which denotes the rulers (variously described in historical accounts as chiefs, sovereign princes, and monarchs) of numerous Indigenous peoples throughout the
5005:
3129:
with fewer people. But these were generally inland communities; or if they were coastal, they were not located in areas good for business pursuits. Cf. F. Landa Jocano,
3057:
1790:
and their relatives is asserted in folk origin myths, was widely acknowledged by foreigners who visited the Philippine archipelago, and is upheld by modern scholarship.
510:
4367:
3610:
5666:
4448:
4420:
566:
1309:
The more complex social structure of the Tagalog people was less stable during the Spaniards' arrival because it was still differentiating. In this society, the term
5550:
5446:
5417:
1818:. Travellers who came to the Philippine archipelago from kingdoms or empires such as Song and Ming dynasty China, or 16th-century Spain, even initially referred to
1748:; in communities which historically had strong political or trade connections with Indianized polities in Indonesia and Malaysia, the paramount ruler was called a
515:
2136:
in the political or military sense, they later came to be referred to as such due to the introduction of European literature during the Spanish colonial period.
5038:
1889:
This "essential inequality of individuals and their mutual obligations to each other" informed the reciprocal relationships (expressed in the Filipino value of
1841:
4139:
4128:
4117:
654:
formed the "apex stratum" of the traditional three-tier social hierarchy of lowland Philippine societies. Only a member of this birthright aristocracy (called
4998:
2068:– an appellation later adopted by the Ming dynasty courts when dealing with the Philippine archipelago cultures of their own time, such as Botuan and Luzon.
1698:
532:
520:
2954:
Examples of Datus who took the title Rajah were Rajah Soliman, Rajah Matanda, and Rajah Humabon. Cf. Landa Jocano, Filipino Prehistory, Manila: 2001, p.160.
2381:
and traditional heads of the Church (both Roman Catholic and Orthodox). The authority that emanates from this last type is transmitted through an authentic
2221:
In unhispanized, unchristianized and unislamized parts of the Philippines, there exist other structures of society, which do not have hierarchical classes.
5481:
5397:
2904:
1171:
in many parts of modern Southeast Asia), which is elsewhere commonly referred to also as a barangay. This social order was divided into three classes. The
2167:
The much-broader popular conception of monarchy built on Filipino experiences of "great men" being socially separate from ordinary people rather than the
1921:
This conception of social organization continues to shape Philippine society today despite the introduction of western, externally democratic structures.
978:
3263:
2000:
Since the culture of the pre-colonial societies in the Visayas, northern Mindanao, and Luzon were largely influenced by Hindu and Buddhist cultures, the
1718:
1368:, who classified the society into three estates (ruler, ruled, slave), also affirmed the usage of this term and also spoke about the preeminence of the
64:
44:
2366:
for newly created offices of leadership of tribal minorities does not accord nobility, which is forbidden by the Constitution of the republican state.
5306:
2503:
Historians classify four types of unhispanized societies in the Philippines, some of which still survive in remote and isolated parts of the Country:
2443:
2334:
1877:
This differentiation of roles and obligations is more broadly characteristic of Malayo-Polynesian and Austronesian cultures where, as Mulder explains:
1757:
1138:
3479:
Emma Helen Blair and James Alexander Robertson, The Philippine Islands (1493–1898), Cleveland: The A.H. Clark Company, 1903, Vol. XXVII, pp. 296–297.
3451:, Madrid (1723), lib. vi, tit. VII, ley xvi. This reference can be found at the library of the Estudio Teologico Agustiniano de Valladolid in Spain.
5701:
2408:
3507:
Cf. Emma Helen Blair and James Alexander Robertson, The Philippine Islands (1493–1898), Cleveland: The A.H. Clark Company, 1903, Vol. XVII, p. 329.
5262:
4880:
3237:
1658:
could choose someone else to follow within their own class if that person proved to be a more capable war leader or political administrator. Even
3102:
particularly the ancient settlement of Halaur, as the site of a progressive trading post and a court of illustrious nobilities. The friar says:
491:
5412:
5294:
4443:
4338:
4075:
3013:
1105:
801:
is the title for chiefs, sovereign princes, and monarchs throughout the Philippine archipelago. The title is still used today, especially in
641:
2139:
Because of the cultural and political discontinuities that came with colonization, playwrights of Spanish-era Philippine literature such as
1380:, whether they ruled or not. San Buenaventura's 1613 Dictionary of the Tagalog Language defines three terms that clarify the concept of the
5535:
5456:
5208:
5179:
4855:
4605:
537:
2156:
structures as outsiders, this new interpretation of royalty was accepted in the broadest sense, and the distinction between monarchy as a
4484:
4480:
4466:
1940:
political legitimacy was not only determined by birth, but was also dependent on one's "personal charisma, prowess in war, and wealth".
542:
525:
3927:
SCOTT, William Henry (1982). Cracks in the Parchment Curtain, and Other Essays in Philippine History. Quezon City: New Day Publishers.
944:
In pre-Islamic times, the political leadership office was vested in a rajahship in Manila and a datuship elsewhere in the Philippines.
3932:
3722:
3414:
2878:
790:) could only be demonstrated by clear blood descent from ancient native royal blood, and in some cases adoption into a royal family.
4931:
4498:
4281:
3912:
3805:
2722:
2663:
3040:
3033:
2183:, and sultans are referred to as kings or monarchs in this non-technical sense, particularly in 20th-century Philippine textbooks.
2765:
Junker, Laura Lee (1990). "The Organization of IntraRegional and LongDistance Trade in PreHispanic Philippine Complex Societies".
5545:
3672:
5284:
1597:
Anthropologist Laura Lee Junker's comparative analysis of historical accounts from cultures throughout the archipelago, depicts
5252:
2710:
1614:
2035:
Once the Spanish colonial government had been established, the Spanish continued to recognize the descendants of pre-colonial
5053:
4941:
4557:
4095:
Rafael, Vicente L. (2005) The Promise of the Foreign: Nationalism and the Technics of Translation in the Spanish Philippines.
3833:
3614:
2258:
are of two types: the descendants of Islamic precolonial polity rulers in Mindanao, and the descendants of the Christianized
480:
3442:, Cleveland: The A.H. Clark Company, 1903, Vol. XVI, pp. 155–156.The original text in Spanish (Recapilación de leyes) says:
1874:. This Indigenous conception of self strongly defined the roles and obligations played by individuals within their society.
2039:
as nobles, assigning them positions such as Cabeza de Barangay. Spanish monarchs recognized their noble nature and origin.
4690:
1354:
class (first estate) of the four echelons of Filipino society at the time of contact with the Europeans (as described by
5355:
5350:
4936:
4900:
4438:
3365:
Les Philippines, histoire, geographie, moeurs, agriculture, industrie et commerce des Colonies espagnoles dans l'oceanie
2305:
2153:
1592:
4259:
It should also be noted that the more popular and official term used to refer to the leaders of the district or to the
3973:
Report of the Franciscan Fray Letona to Fray Diego Zapata, high Official of the Franciscan Order and of the Inquisition
5340:
5242:
5219:
5091:
4800:
2834:
2784:
2543:
For more information about the social system of the Indigenous Philippine society before the Spanish colonization see
2403:
714:
682:
267:
203:
2789:"Las Pruebas de Nobleza y Genealogia en Filipinas y Los Archivios en Donde se Pueden Encontrar Antecedentes de Ellas"
2589:
Junker, Laura Lee (1998). "Integrating History and Archaeology in the Study of Contact Period Philippine Chiefdoms".
2083:(lakans, rajahs, sultans, etc.) as kings, though the Spanish stopped using this term when those under the command of
2060:
Some early examples were the Song dynasty traders who came to the Philippines and referred to the ruler of Ma-i as a
1952:
was normally passed on through heredity, and even in cases where it was not passed on through direct descent, only a
435:
3160:, Quezon City: 1998, p. 4. Also cf. Antonio Morga, Sucessos de las Islas Filipinas, 2nd ed., Paris: 1890, p. xxxiii.
2362:
From the above-mentioned ordinance of the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples, the current usage of the title
1010:, though both titles predate the coming of Islam. These titles were assimilated into the new structure under Islam.
839:, especially in Mindanao, Sulu and Palawan. Depending upon the prestige of the sovereign royal family, the title of
733:
of these barangays selected the most senior or most respected among them to serve as what scholars referred to as a
729:, into compact settlements which allowed greater degrees of cooperation and economic specialization. In such cases,
5696:
5681:
5422:
5289:
5257:
5226:
5214:
2389:
of office from the Apostles (from St. Peter, in the case of the supreme pontiff of the Roman Catholic Church – the
2076:
1537:
1227:
555:
262:
188:
4380:
4151:
1463:
during the 19th century. Picture taken from the exhibit in Villa Escudero Museum in San Pablo Laguna, Philippines.
5691:
5645:
5401:
4895:
4022:
2423:
1726:
931:
686:
223:
2908:
2214:
nobiliary titles are still used in Spain by the descendants of the original holders, such as the Count of Jolo.
5140:
5125:
4905:
4850:
4815:
4770:
4622:
4598:
4519:
4241:, jefe de un barangay, ejercía funciones judiciales y administrativas. A los tres años tenía el tratamiento de
2895:
2448:
2009:
1240:
1063:
There are 18 Lumad ethnolinguistic groups: Ata people, Bagobo, Banwaon, B'laan, Bukidnon, Dibabawon, Higaonon,
710:
694:
390:
272:
235:
1510:
exercised the command of the towns, and were port captains in coastal towns. Their office corresponded to the
2262:. This second group are those that live in the predominantly Catholic mainstream Filipino society. They are:
1713:
is a term applied by historians to describe the highest ranking political authorities in the largest lowland
5451:
5385:
5147:
5033:
4740:
4735:
4630:
2428:
2206:
2054:
883:
4192:
Historia de los PP. Dominicos en las Islas Filipinas y en las Misiones del Japon, China, Tung-kin y Formosa
3169:
The word "sakop" means "jurisdiction", and "Kinadatuan" refers to the realm of the Datu – his principality.
1453:
5620:
4860:
4835:
4750:
4730:
4680:
4650:
4640:
4389:
3946:
2463:
2141:
2133:
1108:
peoples in Mindanao today. Moros, Lumads and Visayans now share with new settlers a homeland in Mindanao.
615:
380:
3207:, i.e., Ilonggo spoken in the lowlands and cities). Instead, the tenants are now commonly referred to as
5676:
5671:
5562:
5471:
4946:
4825:
4820:
4700:
4194:(Vol. 1 of 6 vols) (in Spanish). Madrid: Imprenta y esteriotipia de M Rivadeneyra. OCLC 9362749, p. 146.
2866:, Manuel Merino, O.S.A., ed., Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas: Madrid 1975, pp. 374–375.
2168:
1911:
305:
4951:
3241:
2843:
Heraldica, Genealogia y Nobleza en los Editoriales de Hidalguia, (1953–1993: 40 años de un pensamiento)
2352:
offices, shall conduct a field validation of said list and shall maintain a national directory thereof.
1740:
using different titles: In Muslim polities such as Sulu and Cotabato, the paramount ruler was called a
998:
In the traditional structure of Moro societies, the sultans were the highest authority followed by the
3738:
Imbing, Thimuay Mangura Vicente L.; Viernes-Enriquez, Joy (1990). "A Legend of the Subanen "Buklog"".
2120:
San Buenaventura (1613, as cited by Junker, 1990 and Scott, 1994), however, the Tagalogs only applied
2087:
first travelled to the polities in Bulacan and Pampanga in late 1571 and realized that the Kapampanan
5247:
5081:
4890:
4840:
4795:
4775:
4765:
4665:
2413:
2382:
1095:
1018:
provided aid in emergencies and advocacy in disputes with other communities, and warfare through the
813:, but it was used more extensively in early Philippine history, particularly in central and southern
355:
171:
3821:
3644:
Anderson,Benedict. (1983) Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism.
2325:
explicitly forbids the creation, granting, and use of new royal or noble titles. Titles of honorary
2298:
Philippine Constitution and the Law on Indigenous Minorities on the contemporary usage of the title
960:, its armies failed to colonize the rest of Mindanao. This area was populated by Islamized peoples (
5130:
4920:
4865:
4780:
4760:
4645:
4635:
4591:
2433:
2157:
2005:
1983:
1869:
1791:
1622:
991:
957:
706:
360:
310:
257:
4975:
5311:
5096:
5062:
4910:
4845:
4810:
4745:
4725:
4715:
4675:
4660:
4655:
4034:
3755:
2606:
2473:
2072:
2021:
1498:
1443:
1051:
430:
300:
4213:
Los nobles de un barangay eran los más ricos ó los más fuertes, formándose por este sistema los
2553:
Los nobles de un barangay eran los más ricos ó los más fuertes, formándose por este sistema los
2084:
1906:
in the Visayas (e.g., Panay, Bohol and Cebu), origin myths and other folk narratives placed the
1569:
received Austronesian local nobilities. From these unions, a new cultural group was formed: the
1094:
have protected their homeland forests from illegal loggers in previous decades; some joined the
4990:
1575:
class. Their descendants emerged later to become an influential part of the government and the
5640:
5590:
5570:
5135:
5101:
5086:
4870:
4830:
4805:
4785:
4720:
4695:
4685:
4670:
4524:
4334:
4071:
3954:
3928:
3908:
3881:
3829:
3801:
3718:
3410:
3257:
3191:
In Panay, even at present, the landed descendants of the Principales are still referred to as
3009:
2899:
2718:
2659:
2453:
2438:
2322:
2244:
2202:
2112:
2013:
1965:
1862:
1827:
1588:
1355:
1303:
987:
718:
475:
325:
282:
4067:
3005:
5625:
5509:
5360:
5345:
5301:
4790:
4755:
4710:
4705:
4614:
4507:
4503:
4018:
3871:
3747:
3435:
2598:
2468:
1365:
1034:
983:
856:
651:
385:
330:
4293:
1956:
of the aristocratic class could ascend to the position. In large settlements where several
5615:
5595:
5585:
5563:
Dr. Leticia Ramos-Shahani - sister of former President Fidel Ramos is married to an Indian
5530:
5486:
5460:
5365:
4384:
4249:
4243:
4046:
3044:
2882:
2875:
2651:
2458:
2378:
2232:
1709:
1610:
1492:
1482:
1476:
1447:
702:
335:
240:
3316:
Cf. William Henry Scott, Cracks in the Parchment Curtain, Quezon City: 1998, pp. 124–125.
1971:
from amongst themselves more democratically, but even this position as most senior among
1895:) that defined the three-tiered social structure typical among early Philippine peoples.
618:. The title is still used today, though not as much as early Philippine history. It is a
4372:
3037:
1846:
5635:
5390:
5120:
4474:
1753:
1487:
1459:
1439:
1360:
1298:
1290:
1123:
1104:
continue to act as the community leaders in their respective tribes among a variety of
1080:
939:
895:
770:
637:
485:
445:
415:
410:
19:
This article is about the Philippine noble title. For the traditional Malay title, see
2902:, and Confederation of Sultanates in Lanao are among those more known in history. Cf.
2377:
Heads of dynasties belong to one of the three kinds of sovereignty. The other two are
1541:
had disappeared into a homogenized, hispanized and Christianized nobility through the
1474:
With the recognition of the Spanish monarchs came the privilege of being addressed as
5660:
5610:
5600:
5555:
5540:
5172:
5115:
5105:
4969:
4488:
3680:
2610:
2386:
1891:
1851:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1039:
967:
425:
405:
395:
375:
345:
320:
5487:
Biag ni Lam-ang Ilocano epic based on the Indian Hindu epics Ramayana and Mahabharta
3635:
McCoy, Alfred W. (1983) An Anarchy of Families: State and Family in the Philippines.
3393:
Cf. William Henry Scott, Cracks in the Parchment Curtain, Quezon City: 1998, p. 100.
3325:
Cf. William Henry Scott, Cracks in the Parchment Curtain, Quezon City: 1998, p. 125.
5605:
5491:
3826:
Kapwa: The Self in the Other: Worldviews and Lifestyles of Filipino Culture-Bearers
3350:
Cf. William Henry Scott, Cracks in the Parchment Curtain, Quezon City: 1998, p. 99.
2105:
2101:
1601:
functioning as primary political authorities, war leaders, legal adjudicators, the
1528:
1431:
1084:
400:
4061:
3795:
3074:
2999:
2965:
Prasasti Indonesia II: Selected Inscriptions from the 7th to the 9th Century A.D.
5630:
5405:
5048:
5043:
4979:
4424:
2977:
1815:
1803:
1180:
1130:
961:
602:
469:
420:
24:
3876:
3859:
3797:
Looking for the Prehispanic Filipino and Other Essays in the Philippine History
5580:
5167:
5109:
3774:
3585:
2602:
2254:
The present-day claimants of the precolonial royal or noble title and rank of
1221:
did not pay tribute or perform agricultural labor. The Boxer Codex calls them
935:
340:
5477:
Alim and Hudhud of Ifugao based on Indian Hindu epics Ramayana and Mahabharta
4063:
Raiding, Trading, and Feasting: The Political Economy of Philippine Chiefdoms
3885:
3115:, Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 1975, pp. 374–376.
1736:
Different cultures on the Philippine archipelago referred to the most senior
859:, which had contacts with other Southeast Asian cultures through trade, some
5575:
5076:
5071:
2478:
2147:
1565:
879:
779:
in polities which traded extensively with Indonesia and Malaysia; or simply
440:
365:
315:
130:
1267:, while a woman of noble lineage (especially the elderly) are addressed by
1149:
class was at the top of a divinely sanctioned and stable social order in a
5366:
Sampaguita Filipino national flower is named from Indian sanskrit Champaka
1914:
and stable social order. These folk narratives portrayed the ancestors of
1826:
as "kings", even though they later discovered that datus did not exercise
5501:
5466:
5335:
5327:
5200:
3589:
3219:
3217:
3106:
2856:
2248:
2017:
1730:
1642:
1637:
1532:
1520:
1415:(lord) is equated with all these terms, which are distinguished from the
1167:
1142:
1014:
were supported by their tribes, and in return for tribute and labor, the
927:
848:
802:
698:
690:
370:
350:
277:
245:
183:
4211:, Madrid: Espasa-Calpe, S. A., 1991, Vol. VII, p.624. The article says:
3503:
3501:
3084:
3082:
2815:
Prohibition of New Royal and Noble Titles in the Philippine Constitution
1286:
1199:
enjoyed an ascribed right to respect, obedience, and support from their
593:
52:
5496:
4261:
4237:
4155:
3958:
3759:
3199:
by their tenants. However, the tenants are no longer called Oripon (in
2418:
2161:
1953:
1766:
1722:
1647:
1571:
1561:
1512:
1327:
1176:
1119:
891:
818:
810:
765:
619:
208:
113:
74:
4377:
3773:
Buendia, Rizal; Mendoza, Lorelei; Guiam, Rufa; Sambeli, Luisa (2006).
5476:
5231:
5184:
4514:
4225:
4029:. Vol. 3. Ohio, Cleveland: Arthur H. Clark Company. p. 145.
2809:, Quezon City: 1998, pp. 117–118. Cf. Also this article's section on
2565:
2483:
2310:
2132:
Although early Philippine datus, lakans, rajahs, sultans, etc., were
1741:
1714:
1222:
1209:
753:
450:
218:
213:
193:
142:
125:
108:
88:
3751:
5492:
Ibalong epic of Bicol based on Indian epics Ramayana and Mahabharta
4583:
2795:, Madrid: 1993, Graficas Ariás Montano, S.A.-MONTOLES, pp. 232–235.
2793:"Heraldica, Genealogia y Nobleza en los Editoriales de «Hidalguia»"
966:
to the Spaniards) and by non-Muslim Indigenous groups now known as
5398:
Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana, India
5237:
4552:
4492:
4470:
3281:, Cleveland: The A.H. Clark Company, 1903, Vol. XXIX, pp. 290–291.
3268:
Seclusion and Veiling of Women: A Historical and Cultural Approach
2314:
2304:
2237:
2231:
1933:
came primarily from his recognized status within the noble class.
1845:
1452:
1285:
1268:
1118:
1033:
1007:
977:
904:
852:
823:
814:
775:
759:
592:
93:
20:
4547:
4231:
4219:
3715:
Prehispanic Source Materials for the Study of Philippine History
2943:
The Project Gutenberg EBook of History of the Philippine Islands
2559:
2390:
1749:
1617:
distinguish between the nobility and aristocratic nature of the
1231:. The Spanish conquistador, Miguel de Loarca, described them as
914:
909:
844:
806:
624:
198:
103:
4994:
4587:
4393:
2313:(Manobo) warriors in full armor. The Bagobo are one of several
1733:
in Panay, Pangasinan, Cebu, Bohol, Butuan, Cotabato, and Sulu.
5497:
Darangen epic of Maranao people based on Indian epics Ramayana
3992:, Cleveland: The A.H. Clark Company, 1905, Vol. XXXVI, p. 201.
3568:, Cleveland: The A.H. Clark Company, 1903, Vol. XVII, p. 331;
4190:
FERRANDO, Fr Juan & FONSECA OSA, Fr Joaquin (1870–1872).
3979:, Cleveland: The A.H. Clark Company, 1903, Vol. XXIX, p. 281.
3307:, Cleveland: The A.H. Clark Company, 1903, Vol. XXIX, p. 292.
1806:. Records of Chinese traders and Spanish colonizers describe
5482:
Hudhud - the Ifugao epic based on the Indian epic Mahabharta
4350:
Cf. Vatican Council II, Dogmatic Constitution on the Church
4152:"Welcome to the official website of the Royal House of Sulu"
1207:
had acquired rights to the same advantages from their legal
1203:(commoner) or followers belonging to the third order. These
51:
3470:, Cleveland: The A.H. Clark Company, 1903, Vol. XL, p. 218.
1802:
received their mandate to lead from their membership in an
678:
by demonstrating prowess in war or exceptional leadership.
3338:, Cleveland: The A.H. Clark Company, 1903, Vol. V, p. 155.
2715:
Barangay: Sixteenth Century Philippine Culture and Society
2048:
Early misidentifications of pre-colonial polities in Luzon
1524:, proportionate in number to the inhabitants of the town.
1293:
royal couple in red, the distinctive color of their class.
725:
brought their loyalty-groups, referred to as barangays or
5472:
Filipino martial arts inspired by the Indian martial arts
2967:, Dinas Purbakala Republik Indonesia, Bandung: Masa Baru.
2294:
during the Spanish colonial period, and is still in use.
2209:'s consul-general in Hong Kong) as Datu Bendahara and as
1778:, although one datu was identifiable as the most senior.
1438:
retained their right to govern their territory under the
1243:
classified them as the third rank of nobility (nobleza).
4013:
4011:
3951:
The Soul Book: Introduction to Philippine Pagan Religion
5467:
Kudyapi guitar influenced by the Indian classical music
5067:
Indian cultural influences in early Philippine polities
3949:; Nakpil-Zialcita, Roberto B.; Feleo, Fernando (1991).
3903:
Benitez-Johannot, Purissima, ed. (September 16, 2011).
3145:
Filipino Prehistory: Rediscovering Precolonial Heritage
3131:
Filipino Prehistory: Rediscovering Precolonial Heritage
2656:
Filipino Prehistory: Rediscovering Precolonial Heritage
1401:– a noble by lineage and parentage, family and descent.
1321:
refers to the chief, but the noble class (to which the
886:
to describe lesser kings or vassalized kings. The word
2905:"Royal Society Dignitaries Priority Honorable Members"
2839:
Las Pruebas de Nobleza y Genealogia en Filipinde Ellas
2551:, Madrid: Espasa-Calpe, S. A., 1991, Vol. VII, p.624:
1560:
was larger and more influential than the pre-conquest
1527:
By the end of the 16th century, any claim to Filipino
1213:
or vassals (second-order), who bind themselves to the
751:
varied, but some of the most prominent examples were:
3495:, Madrid: Espasa-Calpe, S.A.,1991, Vol. XLVII, p. 410
2894:
In Mindanao, there have been several sultanates. The
1045:(chieftain) who leads communities along with elders (
4368:
Impact of Spanish Colonialization in the Philippines
4253:, con facultades para nombrarse un auxiliar llamado
3988:
Cf. Emma Helen Blair and James Alexander Robertson,
3334:
Cf. Emma Helen Blair and James Alexander Robertson,
3303:
Cf. Emma Helen Blair and James Alexander Robertson,
3277:
Cf. Emma Helen Blair and James Alexander Robertson,
1282:
in pre-colonial principalities in the Tagalog region
5522:
5435:
5374:
5326:
5273:
5199:
5156:
5026:
4919:
4879:
4621:
4535:
4459:
4431:
4378:
The official website of the Royal Sultanate of Sulu
4373:
Encyclopædia Britannica – Datu (Filipino chieftain)
3975:in Emma Helen Blair and James Alexander Robertson,
3058:"Lumad chieftain abandons rebel movement in Agusan"
1677:, expounds on the degree to which early Philippine
4209:Enciclopedia Universal Ilustrada Europea-Americana
3564:. Emma Helen Blair and James Alexander Robertson,
3493:Encyclopedia Universal Ilustrada Europeo-Américana
3466:. Emma Helen Blair and James Alexander Robertson,
2717:. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press.
2549:Enciclopedia Universal Ilustrada Europea-Americana
2128:Reappropriation of "royalty" in popular literature
1834:Indigenous conceptions of nobility and aristocracy
1744:;in Tagalog communities, the equivalent title was
1613:and Junker, historians, and historiographers like
1467:The Filipino royals and nobles formed part of the
5346:Influence of Indian languages on Tagalog language
5021:India-related topics in Philippines articles
3907:. Makati City, Philippines: Artpostasia Pte Ltd.
3459:
3457:
3389:
3387:
3346:
3344:
1434:of most parts of the Philippine archipelago, the
1395:(chief, leader) – principal or head of a lineage.
4282:Philippine Constitution, Article VI, Section 31.
3783:. Bangkok: United Nations Development Programme.
3611:"The Impacts of Spanish Rule in the Philippines"
2160:versus membership in a hereditary noble line or
1798:was often (although not always) hereditary, and
821:and Mindanao. Other titles still used today are
5418:Business process outsourcing in the Philippines
5361:Sanskrit language loanwords in Cebuano language
5351:Sanskrit language loanwords in Tagalog language
4140:Marques de Camarines, List of Spanish Nobility.
4129:Visconde de Mindanao, List of Spanish Nobility.
4027:Relation of the Conquest of the Island of Luzon
3203:, i.e., the Ilonggo sub-dialect) or Olipun (in
2591:International Journal of Historical Archaeology
1988:
1879:
1683:
1259:of pure descent (four generations) were called
1239:. In the late 1600s, the Spanish Jesuit priest
674:; members of this elite could hope to become a
5581:Parul Shah (Binibining Pilipinas Tourism 2014)
5341:Indian loanwords in various Filipino languages
3528:
3526:
3029:
3027:
3025:
1960:and their barangays lived in close proximity,
5571:Janina San Miguel (Binibining Pilipinas 2008)
5039:History of Indian influence on Southeast Asia
5006:
4599:
4405:
4277:
4275:
4091:
4089:
4087:
3853:
3851:
3849:
3847:
3845:
3828:. Pasig: Anvil Publishing, Inc. p. 378.
3606:The Impact of Spanish Rule in the Philippines
3113:Conquistas de las Islas Filipinas (1565–1615)
2885:, July 28, 1953 – Bamboo Breeze – Vol.6, No.3
2864:Conquistas de las Islas Filipinas (1565–1615)
2760:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2091:had the choice to not obey the wishes of the
1929:The "authority, power, and influence" of the
1842:History of Spanish slavery in the Philippines
1115:in pre-colonial principalities in the Visayas
670:by various early chroniclers) could become a
574:
8:
5447:Pre-Spanish Indian traditions of Philippines
5356:Tamil language loanwords in Tagalog language
3708:
3706:
3704:
3702:
3700:
3698:
3652:
3650:
2860:el monte, entitulada Santa Rosa de Hapitan."
2752:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2576:
1699:Paramount rulers in early Philippine history
843:could be equated to royal princes, European
5211:had Indianized Hindu and Buddhist influence
2978:"Austronesian Comparative Dictionary: Datu"
2693:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2658:. Quezon City: Punlad Research House, Inc.
1910:and the aristocratic class at the top of a
1358:), was referred to by the Spaniards as the
783:in some areas of Mindanao and the Visayas.
681:In large coastal polities such as those in
5646:Dr. Josephine Acosta Pasricha (Indologist)
5439:
5378:
5277:
5160:
5013:
4999:
4991:
4606:
4592:
4584:
4412:
4398:
4390:
3864:Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs
3860:"Filipino Identity: The Haunting Question"
3677:Malacañang Presidential Museum and Library
1898:In some cases, such as the more developed
1137:In more affluent and powerful territorial
1006:, with their rule being sanctioned by the
581:
567:
31:
16:Noble title in the pre-Spanish Philippines
5457:National Assembly of the Philippines Hall
5307:Visa requirements for Philippine citizens
4108:, The National Archives (United Kingdom).
3875:
2444:Recorded list of Datus in the Philippines
2385:, i.e., direct lineage of ordination and
1857:, a female tribal leader equivalent to a
874:The oldest historical records mentioning
757:in the most Islamized areas of Mindanao;
628:in several other Austronesian languages.
5567:Dang Cecilio (Binibining Pilipinas 1979)
5551:Foreign citizens residing in Philippines
4118:Conde de Jolo, List of Spanish Nobility.
3401:
3399:
2409:History of the Philippines (before 1521)
2284:in the Catholic parts of the Philippines
2004:who ruled these principalities (such as
1331:class. One could be born as part of the
786:Proof of Filipino royalty and nobility (
5667:Titles of national or ethnic leadership
5452:Filipino pre-colonial styles and titles
5263:Nanak Darbar Indian Sikh Temple, Iloilo
4257:, siendo hereditario el cargo de jefe.
3434:, lib. vi, tit. VII, ley xvi. Also cf.
2825:
2823:
2539:
2537:
2533:
2496:
2330:unconstitutional under Philippine law.
974:The Moro societies of Mindanao and Sulu
951:in Moro and Lumad societies in Mindanao
597:A pre-colonial couple belonging to the
45:Pre-colonial history of the Philippines
43:
4066:. University of Hawaii Press. p.
4042:
4032:
3262:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
3255:
2335:Indigenous Peoples' Rights Act of 1997
1975:was often passed on through heredity.
5687:History of the Philippines (900–1565)
5576:Venus Raj (Binibining Pilipinas 2010)
5413:Business process outsourcing to India
5295:Visa requirements for Indian citizens
5185:Cainta historic settlement of Indians
4319:Political Sciences (Ciência Política)
1830:over the members of their barangays.
1636:of early Philippine polities were a "
1564:. It helped create and perpetuate an
1457:Costume of a family belonging to the
1325:belonged or could come from) was the
1246:To maintain the purity of bloodline,
642:History of the Philippines (900-1565)
7:
5504:(fingernail dance of Sulu and Sabah)
5393:from Haryana imported to Philippine
5209:Religion in pre-colonial Philippines
5180:Indian settlement in the Philippines
4421:Head offices of state and government
3182:, Quezon City: 1998, pp. 102 and 112
1925:Membership in the aristocratic class
1786:The noble or aristocratic nature of
1407:– principal in lineage or parentage.
3800:. Quezon City: New Day Publishers.
3717:. Quezon City: New Day Publishers.
3376:The Real Academia Espaňola defines
2079:in the 1570s initially referred to
1717:or inter-polity alliance groups in
1235:free men, neither chiefs nor slaves
831:in central and northern Luzon, and
5641:Dr. Juan R. Francisco (Indologist)
5336:Indianized ancient Filipino script
4247:y se reconocía capacidad para ser
3990:The Philippine Islands (1493–1898)
3977:The Philippine Islands (1493–1898)
3566:The Philippine Islands (1493–1898)
3468:The Philippine Islands (1493–1898)
3440:The Philippine Islands (1493–1898)
3381:Curtain, Quezon City: 1998, p. 99.
3336:The Philippine Islands (1493–1898)
3305:The Philippine Islands (1493–1898)
3279:The Philippine Islands (1493–1898)
3227:, Quezon City: 1998, pp. 112- 118.
2845:. Madrid: 1993, HIDALGUIA, p. 232.
1621:against the exercise of sovereign
1129:(royal) couple as depicted in the
14:
4333:(Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2012
3520:, Quezon City: 1998, pp. 117–118.
3092:, Quezon City: 1998, pp. 127–147.
2280:Heirs to the precolonial rank of
1650:-class. Although the position of
1450:barangays of the Spanish Empire.
1179:datu class) were compared by the
492:The Philippine Islands, 1493–1898
5546:Ethnic groups in the Philippines
4974:
4965:
4964:
1816:sovereign princes and principals
5702:Social class in the Philippines
5253:Deities of Philippine mythology
5044:Tabon Caves Garuda Gold Pendant
4179:Cracks in the Parchment Curtain
3659:Succesos de las Islas Filipinas
3518:Cracks in the Parchment Curtain
3438:and James Alexander Robertson,
3292:Cracks in the Parchment Curtain
3225:Cracks in the Parchment Curtain
3180:Cracks in the Parchment Curtain
3158:Cracks in the Parchment Curtain
3090:Cracks in the Parchment Curtain
2862:Gaspar de San Agustin, O.S.A.,
2807:Cracks in the Parchment Curtain
2043:Popular portrayal as "monarchs"
2028:Foreign recognition of nobility
1681:could exercise their authority:
1364:. Loarca, and the canon lawyer
1306:as traders more than warriors.
1217:as his seafaring warriors. The
1030:The Lumad societies of Mindanao
601:or nobility as depicted in the
5586:Ramon Bagatsing (Manila mayor)
5541:Indian surnames in Philippines
5536:List of Filipino-Indian people
5054:Laguna Copperplate Inscription
4932:British Indian Ocean Territory
4265:during the Spanish period was
2945:, Vols. 1 and 2, Chapter VIII.
2811:Datu during the Spanish Regime
2321:Article VI, Section 31 of the
2205:(an Austrian who was then the
1982:, Antonio de Morga noted this
1980:Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas
1675:Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas
1427:by gold, and not by lineage).
1339:through personal achievement.
481:Laguna Copperplate Inscription
1:
3794:Scott, William Henry (1992).
3713:Scott, William Henry (1984).
2835:de Caidenas y Vicent, Vicente
646:In early Philippine history,
463:Primary sources and artifacts
23:. For the town in Nepal, see
4181:, Quezon City: 1998, p. 139.
3294:, Quezon City: 1998, p. 113.
3111:Mamuel Merino, O.S.A., ed.,
3001:A History of the Philippines
1646:the barangay's aristocratic
1593:Power (social and political)
1419:imitators scornfully called
137:Commoners, serfs, and slaves
5636:José W. Diokno (politician)
5463:behind the president's seat
5285:India–Philippines relations
5243:Hinduism in the Philippines
5220:Buddhism in the Philippines
5092:Maynila (historical entity)
2785:Vicente de Cadenas y Vicent
2404:Hinduism in the Philippines
2071:The Spanish expeditions of
1643:monarchic political systems
650:and a small group of their
5718:
5626:Sharmaine Arnaiz (actress)
5616:Melanie Marquez (director)
5290:Tourism in the Philippines
5258:Philippine folk literature
5227:Hinduism in Southeast Asia
5215:Buddhism in Southeast Asia
4317:Cf. also Paulo Bonavides,
4060:Junker, Laura Lee (1999).
4023:Robertson, James Alexander
3953:. GCF Books, Quezon City.
3877:10.1177/186810341303200103
3657:Morga, Antonio de (1609).
2881:February 19, 2020, at the
1839:
1696:
1586:
1335:, but could also become a
925:
763:among the Tagalog people;
744:. The titles used by such
635:
556:History of the Philippines
18:
5596:Cassandra Ponti (actress)
5591:Raymond Bagatsing (actor)
5502:Pangalay or Daling Daling
5442:
5402:Philippine Carabao Center
5381:
5280:
5163:
4960:
4449:Non-Government recognized
3156:Cf. William Henry Scott,
3088:Cf. William Henry Scott,
3043:October 28, 2008, at the
2424:Tondo (historical polity)
2370:Precolonial polities and
1731:Confederation of Madja-as
1346:during the Spanish period
1275:(meaning: pure as gold).
932:Mandala (political model)
5461:ancient Hindu saint Manu
5141:Tondo (Historical State)
5126:Sultanate of Maguindanao
4681:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
4331:Annuario Pontificio 2012
3945:Demetrio, Francisco R.;
3447:. Juan de Ariztia, ed.,
3417:. OCLC 23424678, p. 356.
3147:(1998), pp. 157–158, 164
3133:(1998), pp. 157–158, 164
3034:Mindanao Land of Promise
2963:Casparis, J.G., (1956),
2896:Sultanate of Maguindanao
2813:and also the section on
2449:Sultanate of Maguindanao
1719:early Philippine history
1654:could be inherited, the
1241:Francisco Ignatio Alcina
5611:Gardo Versoza (actress)
5601:Chanda Romero (actress)
5386:Maritime Southeast Asia
5148:Battle of Manila (1762)
5034:Maritime Southeast Asia
4942:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
4536:Historic (Royal titles)
3947:Cordero-Fernando, Gilda
3608:in www.seasite.niu.edu.
3109:de toda aquella isla...
2998:Tan, Samuel K. (2008).
2603:10.1023/A:1022611908759
2429:Malay styles and titles
2270:The descendants of the
2243:performing in the 2018
2207:Austro-Hungarian Empire
2197:The title of "honorary
2077:Miguel López de Legazpi
1496:(elected leader of the
5606:Dawn Zulueta (actress)
4383:June 26, 2011, at the
3858:Mulder, Niels (2013).
3740:Asian Folklore Studies
2464:Non-sovereign monarchy
2318:
2251:
1993:
1887:
1865:
1764:is referred to as the
1688:
1464:
1294:
1134:
1079:, Subanon, Tagakaolo,
1056:
1049:) and female shamans (
995:
616:Philippine archipelago
606:
381:Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram
56:
5631:Zia Marquez (actress)
4444:Government recognized
3673:"Pre-colonial Manila"
3516:William Henry Scott,
3449:Recapilación de leyes
3432:Recapilación de leyes
3428:Ley de Junio 11, 1594
3367:, Paris: 1846, p. 53.
3290:William Henry Scott,
3223:William Henry Scott,
3178:William Henry Scott,
3004:. UP Press. pp.
2309:A 1926 photograph of
2308:
2235:
1944:Hereditary succession
1849:
1609:Anthropologists like
1456:
1372:. All members of the
1289:
1183:to the titled lords (
1122:
1037:
981:
882:inscriptions such as
596:
511:Cultural achievements
391:Sultan Muwallil Wasit
306:Azim ud-Din I of Sulu
55:
5248:Philippine mythology
5082:Kedatuan of Madja-as
4856:United Arab Emirates
3935:. OCLC 925966, p. 4.
3047:on October 28, 2008)
2711:Scott, William Henry
2414:Rajahnate of Maynila
2383:apostolic succession
1828:absolute sovereignty
1133:of the 16th century.
878:are the 7th-century
605:of the 16th century.
75:Maginoo, Ginu, Tumao
5131:Sultanate of Buayan
5065:in Philippines and
4883:limited recognition
3572:., Vol. XL, p. 218.
2506:Classless societies
2434:Rajahnate of Butuan
2317:tribes in Mindanao.
2158:political structure
2010:Maguindanao Polangi
2008:, Ranau Gandamatu,
1912:divinely sanctioned
1794:to the position of
1758:Zamboanga Peninsula
1721:, such as those in
1623:political authority
1615:William Henry Scott
1583:Political functions
1562:Indigenous nobility
1547:cabezas de barangay
1499:cabezas de barangay
1490:. For example, the
1087:, Teduray and Ubo.
992:William Howard Taft
958:Zamboanga Peninsula
311:Batarah Shah Tengah
5459:has the statue of
5312:Filipinos in India
5097:Kingdom of Namayan
5063:Indianized kingdom
4467:Gobernador General
4267:Cabeza de Barangay
3617:on October 1, 2007
2941:Antonio de Morga,
2876:The Olongapo Story
2767:Asian Perspectives
2474:Philippine shamans
2319:
2252:
2113:sovereign monarchy
2073:Ferdinand Magellan
1996:Material affluence
1986:through heredity:
1866:
1804:aristocratic class
1760:, the most senior
1465:
1444:Philip II of Spain
1423:(man with gold or
1295:
1161:in ancient Malay;
1135:
1057:
996:
863:took the title of
607:
301:Agustin de Legazpi
172:Political entities
57:
5697:Filipino nobility
5682:Feudalism in Asia
5654:
5653:
5518:
5517:
5431:
5430:
5322:
5321:
5195:
5194:
5136:Sultanate of Sulu
5102:Rajahnate of Cebu
5087:Kingdom of Butuan
4988:
4987:
4925:other territories
4615:Hinduism in Asia
4581:
4580:
4481:Military Governor
4339:978-88-209-8722-0
4077:978-0-8248-2035-0
4019:Blair, Emma Helen
3064:. April 22, 2009.
3015:978-971-542-568-1
2911:on March 25, 2012
2900:Sultanate of Sulu
2454:Sultanate of Sulu
2439:Rajahnate of Cebu
2323:1987 Constitution
2245:Kaamulan Festival
2203:Baron de Overbeck
2111:The concept of a
2075:in the 1520s and
1863:Kaamulan Festival
1589:Elective monarchy
1411:The Spanish term
1356:Juan de Plasencia
1185:señores de titulo
1165:in Javanese; and
1096:New People's Army
857:ancient barangays
591:
590:
476:Butuan Ivory Seal
326:Dayang Kalangitan
148:Alipin sa gigilid
5709:
5692:Filipino royalty
5440:
5423:Indian Companies
5379:
5302:Tourism in India
5278:
5161:
5015:
5008:
5001:
4992:
4978:
4968:
4967:
4937:Christmas Island
4623:Sovereign states
4608:
4601:
4594:
4585:
4414:
4407:
4400:
4391:
4355:
4348:
4342:
4328:
4322:
4315:
4309:
4308:
4306:
4304:
4290:
4284:
4279:
4270:
4201:
4195:
4188:
4182:
4174:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4163:
4158:on June 26, 2011
4154:. Archived from
4148:
4142:
4137:
4131:
4126:
4120:
4115:
4109:
4102:
4096:
4093:
4082:
4081:
4057:
4051:
4050:
4044:
4040:
4038:
4030:
4015:
4006:
3999:
3993:
3986:
3980:
3969:
3963:
3962:
3942:
3936:
3925:
3919:
3918:
3900:
3894:
3893:
3879:
3855:
3840:
3839:
3818:
3812:
3811:
3791:
3785:
3784:
3782:
3770:
3764:
3763:
3735:
3729:
3728:
3710:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3683:on March 9, 2016
3669:
3663:
3662:
3654:
3645:
3642:
3636:
3633:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3622:
3613:. Archived from
3599:
3593:
3579:
3573:
3559:
3553:
3547:
3541:
3530:
3521:
3514:
3508:
3505:
3496:
3486:
3480:
3477:
3471:
3461:
3452:
3436:Emma Helen Blair
3424:
3418:
3403:
3394:
3391:
3382:
3374:
3368:
3357:
3351:
3348:
3339:
3332:
3326:
3323:
3317:
3314:
3308:
3301:
3295:
3288:
3282:
3275:
3269:
3267:
3261:
3253:
3251:
3249:
3244:on June 19, 2011
3240:. Archived from
3234:
3228:
3221:
3212:
3189:
3183:
3176:
3170:
3167:
3161:
3154:
3148:
3140:
3134:
3122:
3116:
3099:
3093:
3086:
3077:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3054:
3048:
3031:
3020:
3019:
2995:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2974:
2968:
2961:
2955:
2952:
2946:
2927:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2907:. Archived from
2892:
2886:
2873:
2867:
2852:
2846:
2827:
2818:
2802:
2796:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2762:
2729:
2728:
2707:
2670:
2669:
2652:Jocano, F. Landa
2648:
2615:
2614:
2586:
2571:
2541:
2521:
2501:
2469:Federal monarchy
1508:gobernadorcillos
1493:gobernadorcillos
1432:Christianization
1366:Antonio de Morga
1265:"lubus nga datu"
1261:"potli nga datu"
1175:(members of the
984:Jamalul Kiram II
735:paramount leader
583:
576:
569:
558:
533:Paramount rulers
436:Sharif ul-Hāshim
386:Muhammad Kudarat
331:Dimasangcay Adel
78:
32:
5717:
5716:
5712:
5711:
5710:
5708:
5707:
5706:
5657:
5656:
5655:
5650:
5531:Indian Filipino
5514:
5427:
5370:
5318:
5269:
5191:
5152:
5022:
5019:
4989:
4984:
4956:
4924:
4915:
4896:Northern Cyprus
4882:
4875:
4617:
4612:
4582:
4577:
4531:
4455:
4427:
4418:
4385:Wayback Machine
4364:
4359:
4358:
4349:
4345:
4329:
4325:
4316:
4312:
4302:
4300:
4292:
4291:
4287:
4280:
4273:
4250:gobernadorcillo
4202:
4198:
4189:
4185:
4175:
4171:
4161:
4159:
4150:
4149:
4145:
4138:
4134:
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4116:
4112:
4103:
4099:
4094:
4085:
4078:
4059:
4058:
4054:
4041:
4031:
4025:, eds. (1903).
4017:
4016:
4009:
4000:
3996:
3987:
3983:
3970:
3966:
3944:
3943:
3939:
3926:
3922:
3915:
3902:
3901:
3897:
3857:
3856:
3843:
3836:
3822:de Guia, Katrin
3820:
3819:
3815:
3808:
3793:
3792:
3788:
3780:
3772:
3771:
3767:
3752:10.2307/1177951
3737:
3736:
3732:
3725:
3712:
3711:
3696:
3686:
3684:
3671:
3670:
3666:
3656:
3655:
3648:
3643:
3639:
3634:
3630:
3620:
3618:
3609:
3600:
3596:
3580:
3576:
3560:
3556:
3552:. footnote n.3.
3548:
3544:
3531:
3524:
3515:
3511:
3506:
3499:
3489:Gobernadorcillo
3487:
3483:
3478:
3474:
3462:
3455:
3425:
3421:
3404:
3397:
3392:
3385:
3375:
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3358:
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3349:
3342:
3333:
3329:
3324:
3320:
3315:
3311:
3302:
3298:
3289:
3285:
3276:
3272:
3254:
3247:
3245:
3238:"Archived copy"
3236:
3235:
3231:
3222:
3215:
3190:
3186:
3177:
3173:
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3164:
3155:
3151:
3141:
3137:
3123:
3119:
3100:
3096:
3087:
3080:
3073:
3069:
3062:Manila Bulletin
3056:
3055:
3051:
3045:Wayback Machine
3036:(archived from
3032:
3023:
3016:
2997:
2996:
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2982:
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2976:
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2524:
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2459:Taytay, Palawan
2399:
2379:heads of states
2375:
2303:
2286:
2230:
2195:
2154:political power
2130:
2093:paramount datus
2085:Martin de Goiti
2081:paramount datus
2050:
2045:
2030:
1998:
1962:paramount datus
1946:
1927:
1844:
1836:
1824:paramount datus
1812:paramount datus
1784:
1710:paramount ruler
1701:
1695:
1692:Paramount datus
1625:. Although the
1611:F. Landa Jocano
1595:
1585:
1348:
1284:
1271:inhabitants as
1187:) in Spain. As
1117:
1071:, Manguwangan,
1032:
976:
953:
942:
924:
796:
652:close relatives
644:
636:Main articles:
634:
587:
554:
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547:
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464:
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28:
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5:
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5415:
5410:
5409:
5408:
5391:Murrah buffalo
5388:
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5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5121:Rajah Sulayman
5118:
5113:
5099:
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5089:
5084:
5079:
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4520:of Maguindanao
4512:
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4499:Prime Minister
4496:
4485:Civil Governor
4478:
4475:United Kingdom
4463:
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4457:
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4362:External links
4360:
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3933:978-9711000004
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3786:
3765:
3746:(1): 109–123.
3730:
3724:978-9711002268
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2932:principalities
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2597:(4): 291–320.
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2194:
2188:
2129:
2126:
2106:hispanocentric
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2029:
2026:
2020:, Mindoro and
2006:Butuan Calinan
1997:
1994:
1948:The office of
1945:
1942:
1926:
1923:
1861:, in the 2015
1835:
1832:
1783:
1780:
1754:Subanon people
1705:paramount datu
1697:Main article:
1694:
1689:
1584:
1581:
1488:Spanish Empire
1440:Spanish Empire
1409:
1408:
1402:
1396:
1347:
1341:
1304:Martin de Rada
1299:Tagalog people
1283:
1277:
1143:principalities
1116:
1110:
1031:
1028:
975:
972:
952:
946:
940:Indian culture
923:
920:
795:
792:
771:Subanen people
638:Barangay state
633:
630:
589:
588:
586:
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578:
571:
563:
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516:Historiography
513:
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486:Monreal Stones
483:
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458:
457:
454:
453:
448:
446:Tarik Sulayman
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
416:Rajah Sulayman
413:
411:Rajah Salalila
408:
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
336:Dayang Sasaban
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
297:
294:
293:
290:
289:
286:
285:
280:
275:
270:
265:
260:
254:
253:
249:
248:
243:
238:
232:
231:
227:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
201:
196:
191:
186:
180:
179:
175:
170:
169:
166:
165:
162:
161:
158:
155:
152:
149:
146:
139:
138:
134:
133:
128:
122:
121:
117:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
80:
79:
68:
65:Social classes
63:
62:
59:
58:
48:
47:
41:
40:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5714:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5664:
5662:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5557:
5556:Indian people
5554:
5552:
5549:
5548:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5528:
5525:
5521:
5511:
5508:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5462:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5449:
5448:
5445:
5444:
5441:
5438:
5434:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5407:
5403:
5399:
5395:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5383:
5380:
5377:
5373:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5333:
5331:
5329:
5325:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5304:
5303:
5300:
5296:
5293:
5292:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5282:
5279:
5276:
5272:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5233:
5230:
5229:
5228:
5225:
5221:
5218:
5217:
5216:
5213:
5210:
5207:
5206:
5204:
5202:
5198:
5186:
5183:
5182:
5181:
5178:
5174:
5173:Greater India
5171:
5170:
5169:
5166:
5165:
5162:
5159:
5155:
5149:
5146:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5116:Rajah Matanda
5114:
5111:
5107:
5106:Rajah Humabon
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
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5016:
5011:
5009:
5004:
5002:
4997:
4996:
4993:
4981:
4977:
4973:
4971:
4963:
4962:
4959:
4953:
4950:
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4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4929:
4927:
4922:
4918:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4906:South Ossetia
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4888:
4886:
4884:
4878:
4872:
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4489:United States
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4386:
4382:
4379:
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4369:
4366:
4365:
4361:
4353:
4352:Lumen gentium
4347:
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4336:
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4012:
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3914:9789719429203
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3831:
3827:
3823:
3817:
3814:
3809:
3807:971-10-0524-7
3803:
3799:
3798:
3790:
3787:
3779:
3778:
3769:
3766:
3761:
3757:
3753:
3749:
3745:
3741:
3734:
3731:
3726:
3720:
3716:
3709:
3707:
3705:
3703:
3701:
3699:
3695:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3668:
3665:
3660:
3653:
3651:
3647:
3641:
3638:
3632:
3629:
3616:
3612:
3607:
3603:
3598:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3583:
3578:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3558:
3555:
3551:
3546:
3543:
3539:
3537:
3529:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3513:
3510:
3504:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3485:
3482:
3476:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3460:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3423:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3402:
3400:
3396:
3390:
3388:
3384:
3379:
3373:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3356:
3353:
3347:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3331:
3328:
3322:
3319:
3313:
3310:
3306:
3300:
3297:
3293:
3287:
3284:
3280:
3274:
3271:
3265:
3259:
3243:
3239:
3233:
3230:
3226:
3220:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3188:
3185:
3181:
3175:
3172:
3166:
3163:
3159:
3153:
3150:
3146:
3139:
3136:
3132:
3127:
3121:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3108:
3098:
3095:
3091:
3085:
3083:
3079:
3076:
3071:
3068:
3063:
3059:
3053:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3039:
3035:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3022:
3017:
3011:
3007:
3003:
3002:
2994:
2991:
2979:
2973:
2970:
2966:
2960:
2957:
2951:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2937:
2933:
2926:
2923:
2910:
2906:
2901:
2897:
2891:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2877:
2872:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2858:
2851:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2826:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2801:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2780:
2777:
2773:(2): 167–209.
2772:
2768:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2726:
2724:971-550-135-4
2720:
2716:
2712:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2667:
2665:971-622-006-5
2661:
2657:
2653:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2617:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2570:
2568:
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2556:
2550:
2546:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2527:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2500:
2497:
2490:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2373:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2349:
2344:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2331:
2328:
2324:
2316:
2312:
2307:
2301:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2283:
2279:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2239:
2234:
2228:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2215:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2193:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2165:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2150:
2149:
2144:
2143:
2137:
2135:
2134:not sovereign
2127:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2097:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2058:
2056:
2047:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2033:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1995:
1992:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1969:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1954:fellow member
1951:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1934:
1932:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1892:utang na loob
1886:
1884:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1872:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1768:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1734:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1711:
1706:
1700:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1682:
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1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1635:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1607:
1604:
1600:
1594:
1590:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1573:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1539:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1516:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1495:
1494:
1489:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1478:
1472:
1470:
1462:
1461:
1455:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1428:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1417:nouveau riche
1414:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1353:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1329:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1305:
1300:
1292:
1288:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1195:(lords), the
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1139:jurisdictions
1132:
1128:
1125:
1121:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1054:
1053:
1048:
1044:
1041:
1036:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
993:
989:
985:
980:
973:
971:
969:
968:Lumad peoples
965:
964:
959:
950:
947:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
921:
919:
917:
916:
911:
907:
906:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
872:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
825:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
793:
791:
789:
788:dugóng bugháw
784:
782:
778:
777:
772:
768:
767:
762:
761:
756:
755:
750:
747:
743:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
679:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
643:
639:
631:
629:
627:
626:
621:
617:
613:
612:
604:
600:
595:
584:
579:
577:
572:
570:
565:
564:
562:
561:
557:
552:
551:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
527:
524:
523:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
508:
502:
501:
494:
493:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
471:
467:
466:
460:
459:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
426:Regimo Diraja
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
406:Rajah Matanda
404:
402:
399:
397:
396:Rajah Humabon
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
376:Magat Salamat
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
346:Gugu Sarikula
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
321:Datu Sikatuna
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
298:
292:
291:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
255:
251:
250:
247:
244:
242:
241:Bo-ol/Dapitan
239:
237:
234:
233:
229:
228:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
181:
177:
176:
173:
168:
167:
159:
156:
153:
150:
147:
144:
141:
140:
136:
135:
132:
129:
127:
124:
123:
119:
118:
115:
112:
110:
107:
105:
102:
100:
97:
95:
92:
90:
87:
85:
82:
81:
76:
71:Ruling class
70:
69:
66:
61:
60:
54:
50:
49:
46:
42:
38:
34:
33:
30:
26:
22:
5677:Royal titles
5672:Noble titles
4921:Dependencies
4851:Turkmenistan
4816:Saudi Arabia
4542:
4351:
4346:
4330:
4326:
4318:
4313:
4301:. Retrieved
4298:www.wipo.int
4297:
4288:
4266:
4260:
4254:
4248:
4242:
4236:
4230:
4224:
4218:
4214:
4212:
4208:
4204:
4199:
4191:
4186:
4178:
4172:
4160:. Retrieved
4156:the original
4146:
4135:
4124:
4113:
4104:
4100:
4062:
4055:
4026:
4001:
3997:
3989:
3984:
3976:
3972:
3967:
3950:
3940:
3923:
3904:
3898:
3889:
3870:(1): 66–80.
3867:
3863:
3825:
3816:
3796:
3789:
3775:
3768:
3743:
3739:
3733:
3714:
3685:. Retrieved
3681:the original
3676:
3667:
3658:
3640:
3631:
3619:. Retrieved
3615:the original
3605:
3601:
3597:
3581:
3577:
3569:
3565:
3561:
3557:
3549:
3545:
3535:
3532:
3517:
3512:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3475:
3467:
3463:
3448:
3443:
3439:
3431:
3427:
3422:
3405:
3377:
3372:
3364:
3359:
3355:
3335:
3330:
3321:
3312:
3304:
3299:
3291:
3286:
3278:
3273:
3246:. Retrieved
3242:the original
3232:
3224:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3187:
3179:
3174:
3165:
3157:
3152:
3144:
3138:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3112:
3103:
3097:
3089:
3070:
3061:
3052:
3038:the original
3000:
2993:
2981:. Retrieved
2972:
2964:
2959:
2950:
2942:
2935:
2931:
2929:
2925:
2915:February 13,
2913:. Retrieved
2909:the original
2890:
2871:
2863:
2854:
2850:
2842:
2838:
2829:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2800:
2792:
2788:
2779:
2770:
2766:
2714:
2655:
2594:
2590:
2564:
2558:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2499:
2376:
2372:fons honorum
2371:
2363:
2361:
2338:
2333:Through the
2332:
2326:
2320:
2299:
2290:
2287:
2281:
2271:
2259:
2255:
2253:
2240:
2226:
2225:Present-day
2220:
2216:
2210:
2198:
2196:
2191:
2185:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2169:hierarchical
2166:
2146:
2140:
2138:
2131:
2121:
2117:
2110:
2098:
2092:
2088:
2080:
2070:
2065:
2061:
2059:
2051:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2001:
1999:
1989:
1979:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1961:
1957:
1949:
1947:
1937:
1935:
1930:
1928:
1920:
1915:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1897:
1890:
1888:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1870:
1867:
1858:
1854:
1837:
1823:
1819:
1811:
1807:
1799:
1795:
1787:
1785:
1775:
1771:
1767:thimuay labi
1765:
1761:
1752:; among the
1745:
1737:
1735:
1708:
1704:
1702:
1691:
1684:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1633:
1630:
1626:
1618:
1608:
1602:
1598:
1596:
1576:
1570:
1557:
1555:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1536:
1526:
1519:
1511:
1507:
1505:
1497:
1491:
1481:
1475:
1473:
1468:
1466:
1458:
1435:
1429:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1410:
1404:
1398:
1392:
1388:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1359:
1351:
1349:
1343:
1336:
1332:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1308:
1296:
1279:
1272:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1247:
1245:
1236:
1232:
1226:
1218:
1214:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1172:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1136:
1126:
1112:
1101:
1100:
1091:
1089:
1062:
1058:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1003:
999:
997:
962:
954:
948:
943:
913:
903:
899:
887:
875:
873:
868:
864:
860:
840:
836:
832:
828:
822:
798:
797:
787:
785:
780:
774:
764:
758:
752:
748:
745:
741:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
680:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
647:
645:
623:
610:
609:
608:
598:
490:
468:
401:Rajah Lontok
356:Kamal ud-Din
120:Middle class
98:
83:
29:
5621:Pepe Diokno
5406:Nueva Ecija
5049:Golden Tara
4980:Asia portal
4881:States with
4801:Philippines
4741:South Korea
4736:North Korea
4631:Afghanistan
4425:Philippines
4255:primogenito
4043:|work=
3777:Philippines
3536:principalía
3363:J. Mallat,
2514:subjugation
2358:was issued.
2272:principalía
2102:sinocentric
1577:principalía
1558:principalía
1551:principalía
1543:principalía
1469:principalía
1460:principalía
1382:principalía
1378:principales
1376:class were
1370:principales
1361:principalía
1181:Boxer Codex
1131:Boxer Codex
908:and to the
884:Telaga Batu
855:. In large
794:Terminology
603:Boxer Codex
470:Boxer Codex
431:Kabungsuwan
421:Rajah Tupas
361:Laut Buisan
295:Key figures
273:Maguindanao
25:Datu, Nepal
5661:Categories
5168:Indosphere
5110:Singhapala
4861:Uzbekistan
4836:Tajikistan
4751:Kyrgyzstan
4731:Kazakhstan
4651:Bangladesh
4641:Azerbaijan
3959:B007FR4S8G
3835:971271490X
3621:October 1,
3586:Encomienda
3211:(subjects)
3126:encomienda
3075:Chieftains
2528:References
2510:leadership
2387:succession
2267:ancestors.
2164:was lost.
2064:, meaning
2055:sovereigns
1984:succession
1966:chosen by
1904:kinadatuan
1840:See also:
1792:Succession
1638:birthright
1587:See also:
1566:oligarchic
1521:alguaciles
1155:kinadatuan
1106:indigenous
936:Indosphere
926:See also:
880:Srivijayan
849:marquesses
827:in Luzon,
769:among the
721:, several
691:Pangasinan
553:See also:
341:Gat Pangil
5157:Geography
5077:Majapahit
5072:Srivijaya
4947:Hong Kong
4901:Palestine
4826:Sri Lanka
4821:Singapore
4701:Indonesia
4571:Lakambini
4504:Aguinaldo
4439:President
4341:), p. 12.
4321:, p. 126.
4226:principes
4220:maguinoos
4162:August 3,
4045:ignored (
4035:cite book
3886:1868-1034
3687:April 27,
3378:Principal
2936:lordships
2611:141415414
2566:principes
2560:maguinoos
2479:Maharlika
2190:Honorary
2148:zarzuelas
2016:, Bohol,
1703:The term
1660:paramount
1631:paramount
1538:hidalguía
1448:tributary
1430:Upon the
1421:maygintao
1024:Maratabat
912:title of
746:paramount
739:paramount
664:maharlika
441:Sri Lumay
366:Lakandula
316:Datu Daya
145:namamahay
131:Maharlika
84:Apo, Datu
5328:Language
5274:Politics
5201:Religion
4970:Category
4891:Abkhazia
4841:Thailand
4796:Pakistan
4776:Mongolia
4771:Maldives
4766:Malaysia
4666:Cambodia
4574:Binibini
4558:Senapati
4381:Archived
4303:June 19,
4232:maguinoo
4205:Barangay
3824:(2005).
3590:Hacienda
3258:cite web
3248:July 22,
3041:Archived
2983:June 15,
2879:Archived
2713:(1994).
2654:(2001).
2545:Barangay
2397:See also
2346:members.
2249:Bukidnon
2142:comedias
1782:Nobility
1715:polities
1665:such as
1603:de facto
1533:nobility
1513:alcaldes
1228:hidalgos
1173:kadatuan
1168:kedatuan
1159:kadatuan
1127:kadatuan
1052:mabalian
928:Kedatuan
803:Mindanao
711:Cotabato
632:Overview
538:Religion
526:consorts
521:Monarchs
505:By topic
371:Lapulapu
351:Jayadewa
278:Sanmalan
252:Mindanao
246:Madja-as
184:Caboloan
154:Bulislis
99:Panglima
37:a series
35:Part of
5527:People
5510:Cuisine
5436:Culture
5375:Economy
5234:(Asura)
5027:History
4866:Vietnam
4781:Myanmar
4761:Lebanon
4691:Georgia
4646:Bahrain
4636:Armenia
4525:of Sulu
4460:Defunct
4432:Current
4423:of the
4354:, n. 8.
4262:cacique
4238:cacique
3760:1177951
3584:. also
3361:hommes.
3201:Karay-a
3107:nobleza
2857:nobleza
2419:Namayan
2162:dynasty
1772:sulotan
1762:thimuay
1756:of the
1723:Maynila
1656:maginoo
1648:Maginoo
1572:mestizo
1529:royalty
1442:. King
1425:hidalgo
1405:Maginoo
1333:maginoo
1328:maginoo
1291:Tagalog
1253:binokot
1223:knights
1177:Visayan
1163:kedaton
1124:Visayan
1081:Tasaday
1077:Mansaka
1069:Mandaya
1065:Mamanwa
1043:matanum
982:Sultan
922:History
894:of the
892:cognate
819:Visayas
811:Palawan
766:thimuay
727:dulohan
683:Maynila
668:timagua
660:nobleza
656:maginoo
620:cognate
543:Warfare
230:Visayas
209:Namayan
204:Maynila
157:Horohan
151:Bulisik
143:Aliping
114:Thimuay
5523:People
5238:Diwata
5232:Aswang
4911:Taiwan
4846:Turkey
4811:Russia
4746:Kuwait
4726:Jordan
4716:Israel
4676:Cyprus
4661:Brunei
4656:Bhutan
4568:Dayang
4548:Rajahs
4515:Sultan
4508:Marcos
4337:
4215:dattos
4074:
3957:
3931:
3911:
3884:
3832:
3804:
3758:
3721:
3413:
3209:Tinawo
3193:Agalon
3012:
2721:
2662:
2609:
2555:dattos
2484:Bagani
2311:Bagobo
2181:rajahs
2177:lakans
2022:Manila
1938:datu's
1852:Manobo
1742:sultan
1729:, the
1671:rajahs
1667:lakans
1255:, the
1219:Timawa
1210:Timawa
1201:oripun
1189:agalon
1090:Lumad
1073:Manobo
1047:magani
1040:Bagobo
1026:laws.
994:(1901)
938:, and
910:Fijian
898:terms
869:sultan
853:counts
833:sultan
817:, the
754:sultan
717:, and
707:Butuan
451:Urduja
263:Butuan
258:Buayan
219:Sandao
214:Pulilu
194:Ibalon
189:Cainta
160:Uripon
126:Timawa
109:Sultan
89:Bagani
39:on the
5396:from
5112:city)
4952:Macau
4871:Yemen
4831:Syria
4806:Qatar
4786:Nepal
4721:Japan
4696:India
4686:Egypt
4671:China
4562:Huang
4553:Lakan
4543:Datus
4493:Japan
4471:Spain
3781:(PDF)
3756:JSTOR
3006:36–37
2607:S2CID
2491:Notes
2315:Lumad
2289:last
2260:datus
2238:Lumad
2227:datus
2211:rajah
2192:datus
2173:Datus
2089:datus
2062:huang
2037:datus
2018:Panay
2002:datus
1973:datus
1968:datus
1964:were
1958:datus
1916:datus
1900:sakop
1871:kapwa
1820:datus
1808:datus
1800:datus
1788:datus
1770:, or
1750:rajah
1746:lakan
1727:Tondo
1679:datus
1663:datus
1634:datus
1627:datus
1619:datus
1599:datus
1535:, or
1436:datus
1413:seňor
1399:Ginoó
1317:, or
1315:lakan
1269:Panay
1257:datus
1248:datus
1205:datus
1197:datus
1151:sakop
1102:Datus
1092:datus
1085:Tboli
1020:Agama
1012:Datus
1008:Quran
1004:rajah
1000:datus
990:with
963:Moros
905:datuk
896:Malay
890:is a
876:datus
865:rajah
861:datus
845:dukes
837:rajah
824:lakan
815:Luzon
776:rajah
760:lakan
731:datus
723:datus
715:Lanao
703:Bohol
699:Panay
687:Tondo
666:, or
648:datus
268:Lanao
224:Tondo
178:Luzon
104:Rajah
94:Lakan
21:Datuk
4791:Oman
4756:Laos
4711:Iraq
4706:Iran
4491:and
4473:and
4335:ISBN
4305:2024
4203:Cf.
4164:2011
4106:1878
4072:ISBN
4047:help
3971:Cf.
3955:ASIN
3929:ISBN
3909:ISBN
3882:ISSN
3830:ISBN
3802:ISBN
3719:ISBN
3689:2017
3623:2007
3570:Ibid
3411:ISBN
3264:link
3250:2011
3205:Sinâ
3124:The
3010:ISBN
2985:2020
2934:and
2917:2012
2783:Cf.
2719:ISBN
2660:ISBN
2518:139.
2391:pope
2364:datu
2339:datu
2327:datu
2300:datu
2291:datu
2282:datu
2256:datu
2241:datu
2199:datu
2145:and
2122:hari
2118:Fray
2104:and
2066:king
2014:Cebu
1950:datu
1931:datu
1908:datu
1859:datu
1796:datu
1776:datu
1738:datu
1652:datu
1629:and
1591:and
1556:The
1506:The
1483:Doña
1393:punò
1389:Poón
1374:datu
1352:datu
1350:The
1344:Datu
1337:datu
1323:datu
1311:datu
1280:Datu
1273:uray
1225:and
1215:datu
1147:datu
1141:and
1113:Datu
1022:and
1016:datu
988:Sulu
949:Datu
915:ratu
900:dato
888:datu
851:and
841:datu
835:and
809:and
807:Sulu
799:Datu
781:datu
749:datu
742:datu
719:Sulu
695:Cebu
676:datu
672:datu
640:and
625:ratu
611:Datu
599:datu
283:Sulu
236:Cebu
199:Ma-i
5404:in
5400:to
5108:at
4923:and
4565:Apo
4244:don
4207:in
3872:doi
3748:doi
3491:in
3430:in
3197:Amo
3195:or
2841:in
2791:in
2599:doi
2547:in
2393:).
2247:of
1978:In
1902:or
1855:bae
1822:or
1814:as
1810:or
1707:or
1669:or
1480:or
1477:Don
1391:or
1319:apo
1263:or
1193:amo
1191:or
1153:or
1002:or
986:of
902:or
867:or
829:apo
737:or
622:of
5663::
4506:/
4483:/
4296:.
4274:^
4223:,
4217:ó
4086:^
4070:.
4068:77
4039::
4037:}}
4033:{{
4021:;
4010:^
3888:.
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3868:32
3866:.
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3754:.
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3675:.
3649:^
3604:.
3602:Cf
3588:;
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3525:^
3500:^
3464:Cf
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3256:{{
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2605:.
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2575:^
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2557:ó
2536:^
2236:A
2179:,
2175:,
2057:.
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1850:A
1725:,
1579:.
1553:.
1531:,
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1313:,
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1083:,
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1038:A
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930:,
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871:.
847:,
805:,
773:;
713:,
709:,
705:,
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693:,
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