446:, introduced in 1983, used the same bus (with slight exception). The 8-bit PC and XT bus was extended with the introduction of the IBM AT in 1984. This used a second connector for extending the address and data bus over the XT, but was backward compatible; 8-bit cards were still usable in the AT 16-bit slots. Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) became the designation for the IBM AT bus after other types were developed. Users of the ISA bus had to have in-depth knowledge of the hardware they were adding to properly connect the devices, since memory addresses, I/O port addresses, and DMA channels had to be configured by switches or jumpers on the card to match the settings in driver software.
215:
913:
830:
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133:
767:) that fit into the slot. They establish the electrical contact between the electronics on the card and on the motherboard. Peripheral expansion cards generally have connectors for external cables. In the PC-compatible personal computer, these connectors were located in the support bracket at the back of the cabinet. Industrial backplane systems had connectors mounted on the top edge of the card, opposite to the backplane pins.
157:
195:
877:, or risers. Daughterboards are also sometimes used to expand the basic functionality of an electronic device, such as when a certain model has features added to it and is released as a new or separate model. Rather than redesigning the first model completely, a daughterboard may be added to a special connector on the main board. These usually fit on top of and parallel to the board, separated by
179:
33:
149:
778:, around one to seven expansion cards can be added to a computer system. 19 or more expansion cards can be installed in backplane systems. When many expansion cards are added to a system, total power consumption and heat dissipation become limiting factors. Some expansion cards take up more than one slot space. For example, many
296:
Expansion cards allow the capabilities and interfaces of a computer system to be extended or supplemented in a way appropriate to the tasks it will perform. For example, a high-speed multi-channel data acquisition system would be of no use in a personal computer used for bookkeeping, but might be a
861:
is an expansion card that attaches to a system directly. Daughterboards often have plugs, sockets, pins or other attachments for other boards. Daughterboards often have only internal connections within a computer or other electronic devices, and usually access the motherboard directly rather than
551:
models, Tandy
Computer designed the PLUS expansion interface, an adaptation of the XT-bus supporting cards of a smaller form factor. Because it is electrically compatible with the XT bus (a.k.a. 8-bit ISA or XT-ISA), a passive adapter can be made to connect XT cards to a PLUS expansion connector.
297:
key part of a system used for industrial process control. Expansion cards can often be installed or removed in the field, allowing a degree of user customization for particular purposes. Some expansion cards take the form of "daughterboards" that plug into connectors on a supporting system board.
715:) would qualify as expansion buses, as they exposed both read and write capabilities of the system's internal bus. However, the expansion modules attached to these interfaces, though functionally the same as expansion cards, are not technically expansion cards, due to their physical form.
568:
detection lines (Power Good, Memory Check, I/O Channel Check). Again, PCjr sidecars are not technically expansion cards, but expansion modules, with the only difference being that the sidecar is an expansion card enclosed in a plastic box (with holes exposing the connectors).
866:. Such boards are used to either improve various memory capacities of a computer, enable the computer to connect to certain kinds of networks that it previously could not connect to, or to allow for users to customize their computers for various purposes such as gaming.
453:
bus, developed for the PS/2 in 1987, was a competitor to ISA, also their design, but fell out of favor due to the ISA's industry-wide acceptance and IBM's licensing of MCA. EISA, the 32-bit extended version of ISA championed by
369:
Vacuum-tube based computers had modular construction, but individual functions for peripheral devices filled a cabinet, not just a printed circuit board. Processor, memory and I/O cards became feasible with the development of
289:) to add functionality to a computer system. Sometimes the design of the computer's case and motherboard involves placing most (or all) of these slots onto a separate, removable card. Typically such cards are referred to as a
592:
standard acts like it is either a USB 2.0 peripheral or a PCI Express 1.x x1 device. ExpressCard 2.0 adds SuperSpeed USB as another type of interface the card can use. Unfortunately, CardBus and
ExpressCard are vulnerable to
497:
bus was introduced in 1991 as a replacement for ISA. The standard (now at version 3.0) is found on PC motherboards to this day. The PCI standard supports bus bridging: as many as ten daisy-chained PCI buses have been tested.
735:
made no provision for expansion cards, and may only have provided IC sockets on the board for limited changes or customization. Since reliable multi-pin connectors are relatively costly, some mass-market systems such as
667:
or other ROM are problematic, although video cards conforming to VESA Standards may be used for secondary monitors. DEC Alpha, IBM PowerPC, and NEC MIPS workstations used PCI bus connectors. Both Zorro II and NuBus were
556:. This may have been electrically comparable to the XT bus; it most certainly had some similarities since both essentially exposed the 8088 CPU's address and data buses, with some buffering and latching, the addition of
412:. Many of these computers were also passive backplane designs, where all elements of the computer, (processor, memory, and I/O) plugged into a card cage which passively distributed signals and power between the cards.
520:
bus in 1997 as a dedicated video acceleration solution. AGP devices are logically attached to the PCI bus over a PCI-to-PCI bridge. Though termed a bus, AGP usually supports only a single card at a time
374:. Expansion cards make processor systems adaptable to the needs of the user by making it possible to connect various types of devices, including I/O, additional memory, and optional features (such as a
675:
Other computer buses were used for industrial control, instruments, and scientific systems. One specific example is HP-IB (or
Hewlett Packard Interface Bus) which was ultimately standardized as
711:
included expansion buses in some form; In the case of at least the
Genesis, the expansion bus was proprietary. In fact, the cartridge slots of many cartridge-based consoles (not counting the
797:. (There is a "low profile PCI card" standard that specifies a much smaller bracket and board area). The group of expansion cards that are used for external connectivity, such as
1529:
600:
One notable exception to the above is the inclusion of a single internal slot for a special reduced size version of the desktop standard. The most well known examples are
2055:
740:
had no expansion slots and instead used a card-edge connector at the edge of the main board, putting the costly matching socket into the cost of the peripheral device.
608:. Such slots were usually intended for a specific purpose such as offering "built-in" wireless networking or upgrading the system at production with a discrete GPU.
532:
has been replacing both PCI and AGP. This standard, approved in 2004, implements the logical PCI protocol over a serial communication interface. PC/104(-Plus) or
577:
Laptops are generally unable to accept most expansion cards intended for desktop computers. Consequently, several compact expansion standards were developed.
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794:
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platform which incorporates PCI bus hardware provided there is a software driver for that type. PCI video cards and any other cards that contain their own
869:
Daughterboards are sometimes used in computers in order to allow for expansion cards to fit parallel to the motherboard, usually to maintain a small
552:
Another feature of PLUS cards is that they are stackable. Another bus that offered stackable expansion modules was the "sidecar" bus used by the IBM
1522:
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Some cards are "low-profile" cards, meaning that they are shorter than standard cards and will fit in a lower height computer chassis such as
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355:
from 2003 which abstracts the interconnect into high-speed communication "lanes" and relegates all other functions into software protocol.
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The primary purpose of an expansion card is to provide or expand on features not offered by the motherboard. For example, the original
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in part because they project upward from the board and allow expansion cards to be placed above and parallel to the motherboard.
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expansion card standard is an evolution of the PC card standard to make it into a compact version of the PCI bus. The original
506:
connector, is a PCI format that attaches peripherals to the Host PCI Bus via PCI to PCI Bridge. Cardbus is being supplanted by
50:
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ports. In this case, the motherboard provides basic functionality but the expansion card offers additional or enhanced ports.
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on the market as of 2010 are dual slot graphics cards, using the second slot as a place to put an active
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port. An expansion card can be installed to offer multiple RS232 ports or multiple and higher bandwidth
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hard disk controller card provided graphics capability and hard drive interface respectively. Some
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Standard, were late 1980s expansion buses that were tied but not exclusive to the 80386 and 80486
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did not have on-board graphics or hard drive capability. In that case, a graphics card and an
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4B single-board computer with "TV Hat" card (for DVB-T/T2 television reception) attached
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1423:"Data Transmission at High Rates via Kapton Flexprints for the Mu3e Experiment"
1389:
IEEE Std. 100 Authoritative
Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms, Seventh Edition
1351:
438:(ISA) bus with the IBM PC in 1981. At that time, the technology was called the
382:, were made of multiple cards communicating through, and powered by, a passive
237:
housing one or more expansion cards with enough bandwidth to drive a mid-range
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In the case of expansion of on-board capability, a motherboard may provide a
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expansion card standard is essentially a compact version of the ISA bus. The
408:, developed 1974–1975, which later became a multi-manufacturer standard, the
17:
2015:
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unless the laptop has an IOMMU that is configured to thwart these attacks.
190:
computer using a 16-pin gold plated edge connector first introduced in 1959
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One edge of the expansion card holds the contacts (the edge connector or
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industry white-paper. Proprietary local buses (q.v. Compaq) and then the
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Network
Daughterboard (NDB). Commonly integrates: bus interfaces logic,
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M.J. Memon, What Is A Daughterboard. Easy Tech Junkie. Sep. 24, 2011.
902:
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for its
Macintosh series until 1995, when they switched to a PCI Bus.
129:
Circuit board for connecting to a computer system to add functionality
1901:
1674:
728:
680:
471:
455:
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piggyback board, adds additional memory to some EMS and EEMS boards
304:, notable expansion buses and expansion card standards include the
148:
1251:"Eurotherm Parker SSD Link Hardware L5341 | Automation Industrial"
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Generally speaking, most PCI expansion cards will function on any
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are often added for expansion on small form factor boards such as
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1119:(for handheld computers and high speed cameras and camcorders)
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644:. Apple used a proprietary system with seven 50-pin-slots for
431:
238:
26:
378:) to the central processor. Minicomputers, starting with the
923:
Some mezzanine card interface standards include the 400 pin
1410:
https://www.easytechjunkie.com/what-is-a-daughterboard.htm
140:
digital I/O expansion card using a large square chip from
1250:
942:
Examples of daughterboard-style expansion cards include:
927:(FMC); the 172 pin High-Speed Mezzanine Card (HSMC); the
679:(aka GPIB). Some well-known historical standards include
1366:"PCI Mechanical Working Group ECN: Low Profile PCI Card"
837:
server platform that acts as a RAID controller based on
691:(specific to Sun's SPARCStations), and numerous others.
949:
piggyback board, adds memory beyond 64 KB, up to 256 KB
2043:
1987:
1946:
1937:
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1623:
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672:, requiring no hardware configuration by the user.
57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1192:, an industrial mezzanine standard for modular I/O
434:introduced what would retroactively be called the
564:provided by Intel add-on chips, and a few system
281:(also referred to as a bus slot) on a computer's
1436:"High Speed Mezzanine Card (HSMC) Specification"
616:Most other computer lines, including those from
825:A sound card with a MIDI daughterboard attached
339:also from 1981, IBM's patented and proprietary
1035:List of device bit rates § Computer buses
423:co-existed with multi-manufacturer standards.
225:in December 2015 multiplexes up to 4-lanes of
2056:History of computing hardware (1960s–present)
1523:
343:(MCA) from 1987 that never won favour in the
319:computer from 1977 (unique to Apple), IBM's
315:, the 50-pin expansion slots of the original
8:
1503:Computer expansion slots listing and pinouts
397:, in 1973. The first company to establish a
1943:
1555:
1530:
1516:
1508:
1447:Market Looks to EGA as De Facto Standard,
636:, offered their own expansion buses. The
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
419:implementations for systems such as the
1460:Product Comparison: 16-Bit EMS Memory,
1242:
937:GreenSpring Computers Mezzanine modules
351:(PCI) that displaced ISA in 1992, and
648:, then later used both variations on
7:
2061:List of pioneers in computer science
55:adding citations to reliable sources
2097:Printed circuit board manufacturing
1111:Communications and networking riser
809:cards, are commonly referred to as
393:to feature expansion slots was the
1350:. Artofhacking.com. Archived from
1020:and Magnetics onto a single board.
991:Serial ATA connector daughterboard
25:
1069:Peripheral Component Interconnect
997:Access control List daughterboard
982:Communication daughterboard (CDC)
349:Peripheral Component Interconnect
1226:CRUVI FPGA daughtercard standard
233:1.2 and can support an external
167:backplane which housed both the
163:from March 1976 with an 18-slot
31:
1031:List of computer bus interfaces
1009:Raspberry Pi "HAT add-on board"
1006:Beaglebone "cape" daughterboard
986:Server Management daughterboard
144:to handle the PCI bus interface
42:needs additional citations for
1075:Industry Standard Architecture
935:; IndustryPacks (VITA 4), the
885:due to being stacked like the
436:Industry Standard Architecture
365:Bus (computing) § History
321:Industry Standard Architecture
308:from 1974 associated with the
210:expansion cards from the 1980s
1:
2051:History of computing hardware
705:Nintendo Entertainment System
478:bus that copies the ISA bus.
273:that can be inserted into an
1919:Network interface controller
965:Network interface controller
873:. This form are also called
347:market, the vastly improved
1716:Refreshable braille display
1658:Refreshable braille display
931:(PMC); XMC mezzanines; the
881:, and are sometimes called
528:support issues). From 2005
184:IBM Standard Modular System
2113:
2092:Motherboard expansion slot
1081:Micro Channel architecture
1028:
362:
341:Micro Channel architecture
323:(ISA) introduced with the
206:package as often found in
1481:. Raspberry Pi Foundation
1063:Accelerated Graphics Port
947:Enhanced Graphics Adapter
646:Apple II peripheral cards
174:and many expansion boards
1475:"Add-on boards and HATs"
1412:. Accessed Oct. 15, 2021
1319:"LEOPARD 486SLC2 REV. B"
1231:Board-to-board connector
1101:(for notebook computers)
1095:(for notebook computers)
970:CPU Socket daughterboard
745:single serial RS232 port
573:External expansion buses
485:chipsets along with the
221:connector introduced by
1825:Central processing unit
979:AD/DA/DIO daughter-card
973:Bluetooth daughterboard
933:Advanced Mezzanine Card
774:of the motherboard and
1093:CardBus/PC card/PCMCIA
920:
899:sample-based synthesis
842:
826:
813:cards (or I/O cards).
733:single-board computers
427:IBM PC and descendants
242:
211:
191:
186:expansion cards in an
175:
153:
145:
1175:Chinese language card
994:Robotic daughterboard
915:
832:
824:
759:Physical construction
650:Processor Direct Slot
481:Intel launched their
389:The first commercial
271:printed circuit board
217:
197:
181:
159:
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135:
2087:Computer peripherals
1425:. 2014. p. 43 to 44.
879:spacers or standoffs
833:A daughterboard for
404:was Altair with the
275:electrical connector
51:improve this article
1157:FPGA Mezzanine Card
976:Modem daughterboard
967:(NIC) daughterboard
925:FPGA Mezzanine Card
701:video game consoles
695:Video game consoles
376:floating point unit
372:integrated circuits
1170:Compatibility card
961:RAID daughterboard
929:PCI Mezzanine Card
921:
843:
827:
493:CPUs in 1993. The
333:tube expansion bus
302:personal computing
243:
212:
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152:PCI expansion slot
146:
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1969:Analog audio jack
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1105:Audio/modem riser
958:ADD daughterboard
901:cards) are often
770:Depending on the
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16:(Redirected from
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1595:Optical trackpad
1560:Pointing devices
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1325:. Archived from
1323:ArtOfHacking.com
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1309:
1308:
1303:. Archived from
1301:ArtOfHacking.com
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1281:. Archived from
1279:ArtOfHacking.com
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1001:Arduino "shield"
909:in this manner.
313:operating system
253:(also called an
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66:"Expansion card"
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1354:on 16 May 2013.
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1307:on 16 May 2013.
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953:Expanded memory
883:mezzanine cards
859:piggyback board
855:mezzanine board
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761:
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516:introduced the
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263:peripheral card
255:expansion board
235:docking station
229:and 8-lanes of
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1451:, Aug 19, 1985
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612:Other families
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464:VESA Local Bus
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363:Main article:
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279:expansion slot
267:accessory card
251:expansion card
198:Configuration
142:PLX Technology
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1464:, Sep 7, 1987
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1421:Jens Kröger.
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1397:0-7381-2601-2
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1329:on 2014-10-17
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580:The original
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136:Example of a
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68: –
67:
63:
62:Find sources:
56:
52:
46:
45:
40:This article
38:
34:
29:
28:
19:
18:Daughter card
1928:
1907:Power MOSFET
1890:Power supply
1859:Data storage
1795:Flash memory
1773:Optical disc
1755:data storage
1483:. Retrieved
1478:
1469:
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1430:
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1404:
1388:
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1373:. Retrieved
1371:. Pcisig.com
1360:
1352:the original
1342:
1331:. Retrieved
1327:the original
1322:
1313:
1305:the original
1300:
1291:
1283:the original
1278:
1269:
1258:. Retrieved
1254:
1245:
1201:Physics card
1196:Network card
1180:Host adapter
1117:CompactFlash
1041:PCI Extended
941:
922:
917:Raspberry Pi
882:
868:
864:computer bus
858:
854:
851:daughtercard
850:
846:
844:
841:1078 chipset
811:input/output
788:
786:with a fan.
769:
762:
742:
722:
719:Applications
709:Sega Genesis
703:such as the
698:
674:
658:
615:
599:
579:
576:
542:
512:
502:, using the
480:
448:
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415:Proprietary
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399:
388:
368:
299:
295:
278:
266:
262:
259:adapter card
258:
254:
250:
244:
204:through-hole
202:in a 16-pin
200:DIP switches
161:Altair 8800b
113:
104:
94:
87:
80:
73:
61:
49:Please help
44:verification
41:
2006:Serial port
1997:(IEEE 1394)
1974:DisplayPort
1964:Thunderbolt
1837:Motherboard
1800:Memory card
1768:Floppy disk
1610:Touchscreen
1399:, page 284
1139:(Commodore
1099:ExpressCard
1047:PCI Express
907:sound cards
875:riser cards
871:form factor
772:form factor
699:Many other
634:Atari, Inc.
590:ExpressCard
530:PCI Express
508:ExpressCard
406:Altair 8800
353:PCI Express
283:motherboard
231:DisplayPort
2076:Categories
1753:Removable
1738:Sound card
1668:Sound chip
1663:Sound card
1653:Microphone
1543:components
1375:2012-11-17
1333:2012-11-17
1260:2024-01-02
1238:References
1221:Video card
1211:Riser card
1133:computers)
862:through a
765:pin header
713:Atari 2600
618:Apple Inc.
595:DMA attack
558:interrupts
543:For their
474:bus is an
291:riser card
285:(see also
169:Intel 8080
107:April 2023
77:newspapers
2016:PS/2 port
2011:Game port
1924:Fax modem
1763:Disk pack
1615:Trackball
1578:Light pen
1462:InfoWorld
1449:InfoWorld
1438:. p. 2-3.
1275:"MB-54VP"
1255:l5341.com
1206:POST card
1151:Macintosh
1053:Mini PCIe
1025:Standards
895:Wavetable
887:mezzanine
784:heat sink
626:Commodore
606:Mini PCIe
470:bus. The
410:S-100 bus
384:backplane
337:BBC Micro
327:in 1981,
306:S-100 bus
287:backplane
247:computing
172:mainboard
1995:FireWire
1988:Obsolete
1954:Ethernet
1733:Speakers
1631:Keyboard
1605:Touchpad
1540:computer
1434:Altera.
1190:M-Module
1164:See also
835:Inventec
753:Ethernet
749:Ethernet
707:and the
677:IEEE-488
642:Zorro II
602:Mini-PCI
538:Mini-ITX
534:Mini PCI
510:format.
476:embedded
421:Apple II
402:standard
400:de facto
395:Micral N
317:Apple II
227:PCIe 3.0
188:IBM 1401
182:Rack of
2044:Related
1947:Current
1788:Blu-ray
1726:Plotter
1721:Printer
1704:Monitor
1680:Softcam
1588:Optical
1485:19 June
1297:"NX586"
1149:(Apple
1129:-based
1125:(1990s
1043:(PCI-X)
939:; etc.
903:mounted
897:cards (
891:theatre
799:network
685:STD Bus
586:CardBus
582:PC Card
549:1000 HX
545:1000 EX
500:CardBus
491:Pentium
489:-based
483:PCI bus
359:History
335:on the
269:) is a
91:scholar
1902:MOSFET
1842:Memory
1709:Screen
1675:Webcam
1538:Basic
1479:GitHub
1395:
1049:(PCIe)
988:(SMDC)
729:ST-506
725:IBM PC
681:VMEbus
632:, and
523:Legacy
504:PCMCIA
472:PC/104
456:Compaq
449:IBM's
444:IBM XT
442:. The
440:PC bus
325:IBM PC
93:
86:
79:
72:
64:
2021:eSATA
1939:Ports
1624:Other
1583:Mouse
1369:(PDF)
1233:(BTB)
1185:i-RAM
1159:(FMC)
1147:NuBus
1141:Amiga
1137:Zorro
1127:SPARC
1113:(CNR)
1107:(AMR)
1089:(VLB)
1083:(MCA)
1077:(ISA)
1071:(PCI)
1065:(AGP)
889:of a
807:modem
654:NuBus
640:used
638:Amiga
630:Amiga
622:Tandy
566:fault
514:Intel
460:PC 97
380:PDP-8
345:clone
329:Acorn
277:, or
249:, an
223:Intel
165:S-100
98:JSTOR
84:books
1979:HDMI
1895:SMPS
1883:SSHD
1877:NVMe
1873:SATA
1852:BIOS
1487:2020
1393:ISBN
1123:SBus
1033:and
793:and
791:HTPC
776:case
689:SBus
665:BIOS
652:and
560:and
554:PCjr
547:and
526:BIOS
310:CP/M
70:news
2031:VGA
2026:DVI
1959:USB
1912:VRM
1869:SSD
1864:HDD
1847:RAM
1783:DVD
1646:GPU
1131:Sun
1058:M.2
1018:PHY
1014:LLC
905:on
857:or
839:LSI
805:or
803:SAN
795:SFF
747:or
661:CPU
604:or
562:DMA
518:AGP
495:PCI
468:CPU
451:MCA
432:IBM
417:bus
331:'s
300:In
265:or
245:In
239:GPU
208:ISA
138:PCI
53:by
2078::
1875:/
1778:CD
1477:.
1321:.
1299:.
1277:.
1253:.
1016:,
893:.
853:,
849:,
845:A
801:,
687:,
683:,
628:,
624:,
620:,
540:.
487:P5
386:.
261:,
257:,
1879:)
1871:(
1531:e
1524:t
1517:v
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1378:.
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1153:)
1143:)
521:(
241:.
120:)
114:(
109:)
105:(
95:·
88:·
81:·
74:·
47:.
20:)
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