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Arizona Limb
Salvage Alliance (SALSA). This program serves as a model for interdisciplinary care, worldwide. It was also here that Armstrong and Mills coined the term the “Toe and Flow” team. This implies the “irreducible minimum” requirements for a foot specialist and a vascular specialist in order to run a successful amputation prevention service. Working side by side in the same clinic and surgical service led to the development of the Society for Vascular Surgery's Wound, Ischemia and Foot Infection (WIfI) system, which has now been widely validated. This has helped many units develop a "common language" to describe the risk of limb threat.
38:
227:. He founded the Center for Lower Extremity Ambulatory Research (CLEAR), which rapidly became the most productive podiatric research group in the world. This program produced or recruited several key members of the field including Stephanie C. Wu, James Wrobel, Lee C. Rogers, Nicholas J. Bevilacqua, Bijan Najafi, Manish Bharara and Vickie Driver. This group produced many key works in the literature, becoming amongst the first podiatrists to be published in
305:
rather to make each event as uncomplicated as possible. This popularized the idea of diabetic foot "ulcer-free days" "hospital-free days" and "activity-rich days". This also paved the way for remote patient monitoring (RPM) to become more popular in care in this and other areas. This was also further illustrated in manuscripts in New
England Journal of Medicine, Circulation, and the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA).
318:, widely viewed as a lifetime achievement award in the field of the diabetic foot. That same year, he was also named the 2010 Honorary Fellow of the American College of Certified Wound Specialists as well as the inaugural recipient of the William S. Baer Award for Advances in Biosurgery/Biotherapy by the International Conference on Biotherapy. He was the first podiatric surgeon to become a member of the
326:. He frequently offers that these awards are more "recognitions of the importance of the problem" and of "the acknowledgement of the occupation in the care of people at risk." Armstrong is past Chair of Scientific Sessions for the ADA's Foot Care Council, and a past member of the National Board of Directors of the American Diabetes Association. He sits on the
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University
Southern California's Department of Surgery but spanning a characteristically wide interdisciplinary remit, continued the well-known SALSA acronym, was now the Southwestern Academic Limb Salvage Alliance. The goal was to continue to drive care to better "measure and manage how people move through their world."
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notable were the ability to accurately monitor activity and the refinement of offloading the diabetic foot wound. Additionally, Armstrong began a close transatlantic working relationship with
Professor Andrew JM Boulton in Manchester. This mentorship led to a period of intense activity and a PhD and MD from the
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Allison, Matthew A.; Armstrong, David G.; Goodney, Philip P.; Hamburg, Naomi M.; Kirksey, Lee; Lancaster, Kristie J.; Mena-Hurtado, Carlos I.; Misra, Sanjay; Treat-Jacobson, Diane J.; White Solaru, Khendi T.; American Heart
Association Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease; Council on Hypertension;
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Armstrong has been widely credited with popularizing the comparison of the diabetic foot to cancer. In collecting data from mortality, cost, and recurrence. Specifically, regarding remission, Armstrong and colleagues have made the case that the goal should not be to eliminate every single event, but
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In 2020, Armstrong and his frequent collaborators Joseph Mills (now of Baylor
College of Medicine) and Michael Conte of UCSF worked to develop an interdisciplinary society with the goal of advancing science and clinical care in association with limb preservation and to develop the next generation of
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After the better part of a decade at the
University of Arizona, Dr. Armstrong was recruited back to his home state of California to, in his words, "help develop a program for amputation prevention spanning Southern California and beyond." The program, centered in the Keck School of Medicine of the
85:
University of Texas Wound
Classification System, the Instant Total Contact Cast, the Diabetic Foot Surgery Classification System, the Team Approach to Amputation Prevention and Comprehensive Diabetic Foot Assessment Guidelines The concept of "the diabetic foot in remission" in an effort to maximize
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During the course of his career, Armstrong has been acknowledged with awards by numerous organizations. In response to his hundreds of lectures in more than 40 nations, worldwide, Armstrong was selected as one of the first six
International Wound Care Ambassadors. He was honored with the inaugural
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Armstrong subsequently received an invitation from Dr. Brent P. Nixon to start his own research service at the
Southern Arizona VA Healthcare System in Tucson Arizona. This program, is responsible for producing many key works in the area of diabetes care and amputation prevention. Some of the most
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Armstrong's relationship with Lavery was, by all accounts, strong from the beginning. Lavery and Armstrong wrote an astonishing 28 manuscripts in the first nine months of his fellowship. Many of those became important foundational works in epidemiology, classification and treatment of the diabetic
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As with Rosalind Franklin University, at the University of Arizona, he became the first ever podiatrist to be appointed as a tenured professor. It was also here that his interests in a merger between consumer electronics and health care began to flourish. He and Mills became the first surgeons to
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Armstrong performed his residency at the Kern Hospital for Special Surgery in Detroit, where much of his interest in the diabetic foot emerged. Additionally, it was where he became aware of the works of two influential clinician-researchers, Andrew JM Boulton, of the University of Manchester, and
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for his innovative research and education leadership that has had a major impact on clinical and translational science, specifically in the realm of implementation and dissemination of translational solutions to illness and clinical problems. He is the leading researcher in the diabetic foot and
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was created on October 9, 2020 during the DFCon 2020 symposium—nicknamed DFCONline because of its peri-pandemic virtual format. The founding leadership team of ALPS included the aforementioned Armstrong, Mills and Conte along with Stephanie Wu, Dean of the Scholl College of Podiatric Medicine at
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In 2012, Armstrong recruited Dr. Bijan Najafi from Rosalind Franklin University to help lead a mobile health program to, as he put it, "measure how we all move through and interact with our world". Dr. Najafi, previously at Rosalind Franklin University and Harvard, embarked on development of a
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Armstrong, responding to his love of the Desert Southwest, the rampant diabetic epidemic there, and his long-standing friendship with renowned vascular surgeon Professor Joseph Mills, was recruited again to Tucson and the University of Arizona. It was there he founded, with Mills, the Southern
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broad-based program called the Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP). In 2017, Armstrong was honored as a University Distinguished Outreach Professor of Surgery- the first ever in the history of the University of Arizona's Department of Surgery.
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in California and figures into many of Armstrong's anecdotes, lectures, and writings. As a child, he traveled worldwide with his family and a core group of physicians, mostly podiatrists. This influenced his later career as an ambassador for diabetic foot care and
99:, and wound healing. He and his frequent collaborators, Lawrence A. Lavery and Andrew J.M. Boulton, have together produced many key works in the taxonomy, classification and treatment of the diabetic foot. He is Professor of Surgery with Tenure and director of the
330:’s Diabetic Foot Infection Advisory Committee. In 2011, he was appointed Chair of the World Diabetic Foot Commission of the FIP, representing clinicians from more than 30 nations. Dr. Armstrong has also been conferred the title of Visiting Professor at the
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clinicians, scientists and clinician scientists in this field. This society took the "Alpine" acronym ALPS and symbolized the difficult task of interdisciplinary limb preservation. That task—compared by Armstrong and Mills with the Greek mythical figure
823:
Armstrong DG, Bharara M, White M, Lepow B, Bhatnagar S, Fisher T, Kimbriel HR, Walters J, Goshima KR, Hughes J, Mills JL (2012). "The impact and outcomes of establishing an integrated interdisciplinary surgical team to care for the diabetic foot".
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Lipsky BA, Armstrong DG, Citron DM, Tice AD, Morgenstern DE, Abramson MA (November 2005). "Ertapenem versus piperacillin/tazobactam for diabetic foot infections (SIDESTEP): prospective, randomised, controlled, double-blinded, multicentre trial".
1733:
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194:), now in its fourth edition. The two researchers credit Harkless for providing the environment for this to occur, as there had previously never existed a full-time academic podiatry faculty of this kind in an American medical school.
553:"Comprehensive foot examination and risk assessment: a report of the task force of the foot care interest group of the American Diabetes Association, with endorsement by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists"
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As part of this program, he has made efforts to develop interdisciplinary links between hospitals and clinics within the Los Angeles County Department of Health System. Most specifically, his efforts at the world-renowned
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During his cross-country move from Tucson to Chicago, Armstrong's father and greatest influence died. This led to an increasing determination by Armstrong to further advance the specialty that had literally nurtured him.
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have led to the program having Diabetic Limb Preservation taken on as a focused area of clinical and research excellence. This led to the first-ever county-wide limb preservation working group in the United States.
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in The Hague, Netherlands for a lifetime of achievement in limb preservation. Also in 2023, Armstrong received the Distinguished Investigator Award from the Association for Clinical and Translational Science
171:. His visit and subsequent acceptance into the program brought him into close proximity of the next two important members of his development, Lawrence A. Lavery, then a junior faculty member, and Professor
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in Los Angeles and later the California College of Podiatric Medicine, where he graduated with honors. It was during his college years that he met his future wife, Tania C. Armstrong, on a family trip to
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foot. Since that time, Armstrong and Lavery, nicknamed “the Lennon and McCartney of the Diabetic Foot”, have written more than 150 manuscripts, books and book chapters including the
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Mills Jl, Sr; Conte, M. S.; Armstrong, D. G.; Pomposelli, F. B.; Schanzer, A.; Sidawy, A. N.; Andros, G.; Society for Vascular Surgery Lower Extremity Guidelines Committee (2014).
216:. This meeting, the largest annual diabetic foot gathering in the world, hosts delegates from 50 countries and all 50 U.S. states in more than 10 medical and surgical disciplines.
1181:"Health Services Forms New Limb-Preservation Workgroup @WeAreLAHealth @HarborUCLA_VS @RanchoRehab @LACUSCMedCenter @KeckSchool_USC @USC #ActAgainstAmputation @ALPSLimb - DF Blog"
167:, Armstrong was prepared to return to Santa Maria to work in his father's practice. Days before graduation, he was handed a letter inviting him to apply for a fellowship at the
224:
2085:
338:
College of Medicine, the Raine Visiting Professor (first to be named twice) at University of Western Australia, University of Cincinnati during its 200th anniversary and the
323:
384:
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Rosalind Franklin University as Vice President. Ryan Crews of Scholl and Brian Lepow of Baylor College of Medicine served as founding Secretary and Treasurer, respectively.
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Miller, J. D.; Salloum, M.; Button, A.; Giovinco, N. A.; Armstrong, D. G. (2014). "How can I maintain my patient with diabetes and history of foot ulcer in remission?".
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It was also during this time that Armstrong was reacquainted with George Andros, a prominent vascular surgeon. This renewed friendship led to the development of the
869:"The Society for Vascular Surgery Lower Extremity Threatened Limb Classification System: Risk stratification based on wound, ischemia, and foot infection (WIfI)"
1999:
Deng, Pin; Shi, Hongshuo; Pan, Xuyue; Liang, Huan; Wang, Shulong; Wu, Junde; Zhang, Wei; Huang, Fasen; Sun, Xiaojie; Zhu, Hanjie; Chen, Zhaojun (2022-01-27).
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Following Lavery's departure to develop a private nationwide diabetic foot program, Armstrong remained prolific, but soon grew interested in new challenges.
314:
Georgetown Distinguished Award for Diabetic Limb Salvage. In 2010, he was the youngest ever recipient of the Roger Pecoraro Award and Lectureship from the
228:
223:
Following his tour in Tucson, Armstrong accepted an offer to serve as Professor of Surgery and Associate Dean at Scholl College of Podiatric Medicine at
661:"Treating the absence of pain while keeping people moving: worth a life’s work: An Interview with David G. Armstrong", Diabetic Management, 3:1-5, 2013
1852:"@USC Prof. David G. Armstrong gives inaugural Copeland-Meier Surgery Professorship and Lecture at 200th Anniversary year of University of Cincinnati"
359:
In 2006, Armstrong was awarded the Father of the Year Award by the National Father's Day Council and the Chicago Area American Diabetes Association.
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and the Lancet. Armstrong also became the first tenured podiatrist in the history of Rosalind Franklin University and the Scholl College.
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1814:"@UofA David G. Armstrong becomes first US podiatric surgeon named to and keynoting Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons, Glasgow"
367:
He lives in Los Angeles with his wife Tania. They have three daughters. Alexandria is now a third generation podiatric surgeon at the
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The Comparison of Diabetic Foot Complications to Another Chronic Disease-- Cancer-- and Movement Toward the Diabetic Foot in Remission
95:(born February 18, 1969) is an American podiatric surgeon and researcher most widely known for his work in amputation prevention, the
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191:
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during the COVID pandemic. The SALSA vision for merging man and machine was further outlined in his UA College of Science Lecture
339:
407:"Validation of a diabetic wound classification system. The contribution of depth, infection, and ischemia to risk of amputation"
1827:
1006:
Armstrong, David G.; Bazikian, Sebouh; Armstrong, Alexandria A.; Clerici, Giacomo; Casini, Andrea; Pillai, Anand (2024-03-04).
809:
910:"FaceTime for Physicians: Using Real Time Mobile Phone-Based Videoconferencing to Augment Diagnosis and Care in Telemedicine"
104:
455:"Evaluation of removable and irremovable cast walkers in the healing of diabetic foot wounds: a randomized controlled trial"
1975:"@USC Podiatric Surgeon Armstrong Named World's Top Ranked Expert on Diabetic Foot From 2011-2021 by Expertscape - DF Blog"
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1057:"Telehealth-guided home-based maggot debridement therapy for chronic complex wounds: Peri- and post-pandemic potential"
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756:"Negative pressure wound therapy after partial diabetic foot amputation: a multicentre, randomised controlled trial"
2143:
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Armstrong, David G.; Rankin, Timothy M.; Giovinco, Nicholas A.; Mills, Joseph L.; Matsuoka, Yoky (September 2014).
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College of Medicine as well as a Master of Science in Tissue Repair of Wound Healing at Professor Keith Harding's
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Armstrong, DG; Mills, JL (2013). "Toward a change in syntax in diabetic foot care: prevention equals remission".
1338:
Barshes, NR; Sigireddi, M; Wrobel, JS; Mahankali, A; Robbins, JM; Kougias, P; Armstrong, DG (10 October 2013).
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202:
1607:"Health Disparities in Peripheral Artery Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association"
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291:—could be made easier if there were more than one person rolling a figurative boulder up a mountain. The
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1510:"Ulcer-free, hospital-free and activity-rich days: three key metrics for the diabetic foot in remission"
602:"Ulcer-free, hospital-free and activity-rich days: three key metrics for the diabetic foot in remission"
335:
115:
Armstrong was raised with his younger brother, the late Darrin B. Armstrong, a former schoolteacher, in
1919:"Knowledge mapping of diabetic foot research based on Web of Science database: A bibliometric analysis"
2153:
1734:"Dr. David G. Armstrong Receives Georgetown Distinguished Achievement Award in Diabetic Limb Salvage"
172:
1866:"Professor David G. Armstrong Awarded Karel Bakker Limb Preservation Award at ISDF, The Hague, 2023"
37:
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1736:(Press release). Center for Lower Extremity Ambulatory Research. 30 September 2007. Archived from
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Armstrong, DG; Boulton, AJM; Bus, SA (15 June 2017). "Diabetic Foot Ulcers and Their Recurrence".
1113:"Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (ICAMP) | Department of Surgery"
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Armstrong, D. G.; Boulton AJM; Bus, S. A. (2017). "Diabetic Foot Ulcers and Their Recurrence".
951:"A Heads-Up Display for Diabetic Limb Salvage Surgery: A View Through the Google Looking Glass"
213:
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Zhao, Xiao-Peng; Li, Da; Li, Cui-Liu; Zhang, Yun-Na; Zhao, Nai-Rui; Xu, Jin-Xiu (2023-06-30).
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Armstrong, David G.; Rowe, Vincent L.; D'Huyvetter, Karen; Sherman, Ronald A. (October 2020).
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1143:"SALSA's Armstrong Named University of Arizona Distinguished Outreach Professor @UAMedTucson"
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2012:
2001:"Worldwide Research Trends on Diabetic Foot Ulcers (2004–2020): Suggestions for Researchers"
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and has produced more than 700 peer reviewed manuscripts and more than 115 book chapters.
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810:"Taking a team approach to diabetic limb salvage | Lower Extremity Review Magazine"
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wound healing as measured by h-index and impact by bibliometric studies and expertscape.
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2000:
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Armstrong, David G.; Tan, Tze-Woei; Boulton, Andrew J. M.; Bus, Sicco A. (2023-07-03).
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Armstrong, David G.; Lavery, Lawrence A.; Diabetic Foot Study Consortium (2005-11-12).
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in 2023 with a Bachelors and in 2024 with a Masters in Russian and Political Science.
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In 2023, Armstrong was honored with the Karel Bakker Limb Preservation Award at the
1340:"The system of care for the diabetic foot: objectives, outcomes, and opportunities"
248:
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1248:"Guest Editorial: are diabetes-related wounds and amputations worse than cancer?"
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1790:"Professional Membership Award Recipients | American Diabetes Association"
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Armstrong DG, Lavery LA, Frykberg RG, Wu SC, Boulton AJ (September 2006).
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Armstrong, David G.; Boulton, Andrew J. M.; Bus, Sicco A. (2017-06-15).
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247:. Additional firsts of this kind include the first documented use of
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and the first American podiatric surgeon to be named fellow of the
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and Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health (2023-06-15).
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1009:"An Augmented Vision of Our Medical and Surgical Future, Today?"
551:
Boulton AJ, Armstrong DG, Albert SF, et al. (August 2008).
105:
Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California
1207:"Rescuing Sisyphus: The team approach to amputation prevention"
672:"Doctor of Podiatric Medicine | Samuel Merritt University"
642:"Arizona Public Media | Video Shorts | Limb Salvage"
351:
2169:
Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science faculty
2128:
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Armstrong DG, Lavery LA, Wu S, Boulton AJ (March 2005).
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document a real-time surgical consultation via iPhone's
169:
University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
2123:
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Armstrong, DG; Wrobel, J; Robbins, JM (December 2007).
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National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine
908:
Armstrong DG, Giovinco N, Mills JL, Rogers LC (2011).
496:"Validation of a diabetic foot surgery classification"
369:
University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio
243:
with their colleague (and Armstrong's former fellow),
1389:
Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association
225:
Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science
1880:"Armstrong awarded ACTS Distinguished Investigator"
1467:
The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds
1205:Mills Jl, Sr; Armstrong, D. G.; Andros, G. (2010).
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National Rehabilitation Center at Rancho Los Amigos
101:
Southwestern Academic Limb Salvage Alliance (SALSA)
81:
67:
44:
28:
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1007:
405:
404:Armstrong DG, Lavery LA, Harkless LB (May 1998).
324:Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons, Glasgow
265:"Repair, Regeneration and Replacement Revisited".
86:ulcer-free, hospital-free and activity-rich days.
255:in the operating room, and the first home-based
144:. It is in honor of this that their first child
135:in Los Olivos, California, Armstrong attended
8:
1659:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
347:International Symposium on the Diabetic Foot
119:. His father, Leo N. Armstrong, was a noted
1760:"PM Hall of Fame Luncheon Shatters Records"
1551:"Diabetic Foot Ulcers and Their Recurrence"
1770:. Podiatry Management Online. 28 July 2008
1014:Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology
955:Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology
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16:American podiatric surgeon and researcher
251:in the operating room, the first use of
214:Diabetic Foot Global Conference, (DFCon)
1508:Khan, T; Armstrong, DG (1 April 2018).
600:Khan, T; Armstrong, DG (1 April 2018).
396:
207:University of Wales College of Medicine
148:A. Armstrong, later received her name.
1652:
328:Infectious Diseases Society of America
7:
2164:People from Santa Maria, California
1555:The New England Journal of Medicine
1424:The New England Journal of Medicine
1297:The New England Journal of Medicine
163:Following his surgical training in
293:American Limb Preservation Society
184:Clinical Care of the Diabetic Foot
14:
2060:Advances in Skin & Wound Care
1832:Raine Medical Research Foundation
2072:10.1097/00129334-200606000-00005
1677:"Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Review"
1265:10.1111/j.1742-481X.2007.00392.x
512:10.1111/j.1742-481X.2006.00236.x
340:Complutense University of Madrid
644:. Ondemand.azpm.org. 2009-02-11
181:American Diabetes Association's
160:Center in Carville, Louisiana.
19:For the British scientist, see
1:
2090:American Diabetes Association
1527:10.12968/jowc.2018.27.Sup4.S3
772:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67695-7
725:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67694-5
619:10.12968/jowc.2018.27.Sup4.S3
316:American Diabetes Association
2149:University of Arizona alumni
2005:Journal of Diabetes Research
1623:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001153
320:Society for Vascular Surgery
1935:10.1097/MD.0000000000034053
1828:"Visiting Professor Awards"
1252:International Wound Journal
1211:Journal of Vascular Surgery
1061:International Wound Journal
873:Journal of Vascular Surgery
500:International Wound Journal
379:, 2021), now serves at the
2190:
2058:"Notable & Quotable".
18:
2174:Occidental College alumni
1794:professional.diabetes.org
1344:Diabetic Foot & Ankle
1224:10.1016/j.jvs.2010.06.001
1026:10.1177/19322968241236458
886:10.1016/j.jvs.2013.08.003
334:College of Medicine, the
35:
1479:10.1177/1534734614545874
967:10.1177/1932296814535561
826:Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev
472:10.2337/diacare.28.3.551
424:10.2337/diacare.21.5.855
332:University of Manchester
203:University of Manchester
111:Early life and education
1694:10.1001/jama.2023.10578
383:. Nina, graduated from
117:Santa Maria, California
61:Santa Maria, California
21:David Gilford Armstrong
2119:DiabeticFootOnline.com
1979:diabeticfootonline.com
1356:10.3402/dfa.v4i0.21847
1185:diabeticfootonline.com
309:Recognition and awards
259:driven application of
2066:(5): 240. June 2006.
1567:10.1056/NEJMra1615439
1514:Journal of Wound Care
1436:10.1056/NEJMra1615439
1309:10.1056/NEJMra1615439
606:Journal of Wound Care
385:Georgetown University
336:University of Cardiff
175:, Armstrong's chief.
2018:10.1155/2022/7991031
1894:"David G. Armstrong"
173:Lawrence B. Harkless
131:After attending the
1117:surgery.arizona.edu
766:(9498): 1704–1710.
2086:"Chicago Honorees"
1898:scholar.google.com
1854:. 17 January 2019.
1816:. 15 January 2015.
1217:(3 Suppl): 1S–2S.
879:(1): 220–34.e1–2.
719:(9498): 1695–703.
137:Occidental College
93:David G. Armstrong
30:David G. Armstrong
2144:American surgeons
1561:(24): 2367–2375.
1430:(24): 2367–2375.
1303:(24): 2367–2375.
1123:on 6 January 2013
1073:10.1111/iwj.13425
838:10.1002/dmrr.2299
569:10.2337/dc08-9021
261:medicinal maggots
154:Paul Wilson Brand
90:
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55:February 18, 1969
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1882:. 18 April 2023.
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817:
812:. 7 March 2012.
808:
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686:"Diabetic Foot"
684:
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1868:. 12 May 2023.
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