280:"deposition from the exercise of ministry if the person is ordained" does not amount to defrocking, but merely removes the right to the exercise of ministry by ordained persons. These powers are given to the diocesan bishop (in most cases) subject to appeal to a diocesan court, or the diocesan court may exercise primary jurisdiction when the bishop asks it to (for diocesan bishops the provincial metropolitan is given primary jurisdiction, for metropolitans the provincial House of Bishops is given jurisdiction, for the primate it is the national House of Bishops). All these powers are subject to appeal to courts of appeal and on matters of doctrine to the Supreme Court of the Anglican Church of Canada (Appendix 4, General Synod Canon XVIII - Discipline). General Synod 2007 clarified deposition, including forbidding the practice of suspending the licence in cases where discipline proceedings could be commenced instead (Resolution A082).
338:). A United Methodist elder or deacon may only have their credentials revoked through voluntary surrender or church trial. A minister who enters the status of honorable location retains their ordination credentials unless they voluntarily surrender them, while a minister who is involuntarily located may or may not, at the discretion of the Board of Ordained Ministry of their Annual Conference, retain their credentials of ordination. As a general rule, elders may only lose their credentials through voluntary surrender or action of a church court. Ministers who are found not competent to exercise their office may be suspended from ministry, but only for the duration of the incompetence. The
118:, (which is a solemn vesture of an archbishop,) then said he, "Which of you hath a pall, to take off my pall;" which imported as much as they, being his inferiors, could not degrade him. Whereunto one of them said, in that they were but bishops, they were his inferiors, and not competent judges; but being the pope's delegates, they might take his pall. And so they did, and so proceeding took every thing in order from him, as it was put on. Then a barber clipped his hair round about, and the bishop scraped the tops of his fingers where he had been anointed... Last of all they stripped him out of his gown into his jacket, and put upon him a poor
294:, the relevant canon provides for a bishop, priest or deacon to relinquish or be deposed from, or prohibited from functioning in, Holy Orders. Upon relinquishing or being deposed from Holy Orders, the relinquished or deposed person ceases to have any right, privilege or advantage attached to the relevant order(s) (of bishop, priest or deacon), and, if wholly relinquished or deposed, is considered, except for any Church law relating to a Church Tribunal, to be a lay person for the purposes of the Church. Where a person in Holy Orders has been prohibited from functioning, the prohibition has effect according to its terms.
269:, for instance, states that "No person who has been admitted to the order of bishop, priest, or deacon can ever be divested of the character of his order..." though the church has processes to allow any clergy (by own volition or otherwise) to cease to function in the role. Anglican clergy are generally licensed to preach and administer sacraments by the bishop of the diocese in question; however if a bishop suspends this licence, the deacon or priest may no longer exercise their respective ministerial functions lawfully in that diocese. Within the Church of England The
31:
287:, Title IV "Ecclesiastical Discipline", there are three modes of depriving a member of clergy from exercising ministerial rights: inhibition, suspension, or deposition. Inhibitions and suspensions are temporary. Clergy who are deposed are "deprived of the right to exercise the gifts and spiritual authority of God's word and sacraments conferred at ordination." (Title IV, Canon 15, Of Terminology Used in This Section, Deposition).
166:) at the priest's own request. New regulations issued in 2009 regarding priests who abandon their ministry for more than five years and whose behaviour is a cause of serious scandal have made it easier for bishops to secure laicization of such priests even against the priests' wishes. Once a priest or bishop is laicized, they do not lose what is conferred to them through the graces imparted to them that relate to the
154:("acts of the power of orders") or are exercises of his power of governance or of rights and functions attached to the office he holds. As a censure, suspension is meant to cease when the censured person shows repentance. Laicization, on the contrary, is a permanent measure, whereby for a sufficient reason a cleric is from then on juridically treated as a layman. Laicization is sometimes imposed as a punishment (
222:, he can be suspended from exercising all clerical functions. If, disregarding his suspension, he continues to liturgize or does not repent of his actions, he may be permanently deposed from the sacred orders (in common parlance, "laicized"). Strictly speaking, the deposition can be appealed at the
69:, but may also be done at their request for personal reasons, such as running for civil office, taking over a family business, declining health or old age, desire to marry against the rules for clergy in a particular church, or an unresolved dispute. The form of the procedure varies according to the
182:
theologians believe that ordination to the priesthood does not confer an indelible character on the person's soul and that laicization could remove the ordained status completely. From the time of laicization all actions of a former cleric that would have been considered sacred are normally
80:
of clergy and ministers. These rituals are generally no longer practiced and were sometimes separate from dismissals from ordained ministry, leading some to contend that modern use of "defrocking" is inaccurate. However, others maintain "defrocking" as a common synonym for laicization, one
237:, the permanent act of excommunication, against a member of the church or a former cleric is usually imposed by the decision of the synod of bishops or the ecclesiastical council. In such cases, this not only defrocks the former cleric but also banishes him from entering an
145:
clergy may be dismissed from the clerical state, an action known as "laicization". The term "defrocking" is not normally used within the
Catholic Church, although journalistic reports on laicization of Catholic clergy sometimes use it. Laicization differs from
205:
Forced laicization or removal from sacred orders is a form of ecclesiastical punishment, imposed by the ruling bishop of a cleric for certain transgressions. According to the canonical procedure, if the cleric is found guilty of an infringement of a
97:
church, priests were publicly defrocked or "degraded" by having their vestments ceremonially removed. The procedure was intended to evoke shame and humiliation in the subject. A description of the degradation of
Archbishop
189:
of a cleric may come as a result of a request for removal from sacred orders, or as an ecclesiastical punishment. In the first case, very often, the cleric may ask to be laicized in order to enter a second
792:
729:
Constitution & Canons, Together with the Rules of Order, For the government of the
Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America, Otherwise Known as The Episcopal Church
198:
or the death of his spouse. In this case, the man remains in good standing with the Church but is no longer a cleric. Laicization of a bishop can only be done by the convening of a
764:
727:
867:
126:'s gown, full bare and nearly worn, and as evil-favouredly made as one might lightly see, and a townsman's cap on his head; and so delivered him to the secular power".
713:
882:
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outlines the specific rules for each option. Elders and deacons may not simply be defrocked by a bishop, but only through ecclesiastical due process.
877:
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150:. The latter is a censure prohibiting certain acts by a cleric, whether the acts are of a religious character deriving from his
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is defrocked, his ministerial credentials are removed. Defrocking is usually the result of blatantly disobeying the
30:
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is the removal of their rights to exercise the functions of the ordained ministry. It may be grounded on
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provides for a range of sanctions up to a lifelong ban from the exercise of ministry.
76:
The words "defrocking" or "unfrocking" refers to the ritual removal of the frock-like
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500:
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of the former cleric from the church for a certain period, or indefinitely. The
261:, defrocking is extremely rare and often impossible. Different provinces in the
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94:
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735:. New York: Church Publishing Incorporated. 2006. p. 171. Archived from
672:. The Anglican Diocese of Eastern Newfoundland & Labrador. Archived from
242:
215:
107:
77:
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700:"Resolution Number: A082, Subject: Canon XVII - The Licensing of Clergy"
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standards. A defrocked clergyman is prohibited from celebrating the
226:, but, in modern practice, the bishop's decision is usually final.
229:
Laicization as an ecclesiastical punishment may carry with it the
155:
66:
29:
484:"'Defrocking' priests: the media keep asking the wrong question"
649:
Handbook of the
General Synod of the Anglican Church of Canada
754:"Holy Orders (Removal from Exercise of Ministry) Canon 2017"
617:"Some Theological and Canonical Considerations (see sec. 8)"
415:"Theodore McCarrick will continue to be a Catholic priest"
106:
in 1556, based on eye-witness accounts, was recorded by
469:
Foxe's book of martyrs : an edition for the people
793:"Creech found guilty; loses ministerial credentials"
667:"Appendix 4, General Synod Canon XVIII - Discipline"
698:The Anglican Church of Canada, General Synod 2007.
283:According to the constitutions and canons of the
472:. New York: Eaton & Mains. pp. 378–379.
787:
785:
61:, disciplinary problems, or disagreements over
265:handle this differently; the canon law of the
795:. The United Methodist Church. Archived from
322:of the United Methodist Church and violating
8:
162:), or it may be granted as a favour (Latin,
819:"United Methodists Move to Defrock Lesbian"
712:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
378:Our Sunday Visitor's Catholic Encyclopedia
439:Ayris, Paul; Selwyn, David, eds. (1999).
868:Canon law of the Eastern Orthodox Church
27:Removal of clergy from ordained ministry
841:The United Methodist Book of Discipline
368:
705:
600:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
593:
442:Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar
285:Episcopal Church in the United States
7:
466:Berry, William Grinton, ed. (1907).
413:Schmalz, Mathew (20 February 2019).
883:Major orders in the Catholic Church
863:Canon law of the Anglican Communion
340:United Methodist Book of Discipline
770:from the original on 30 March 2021
655:(15th ed.). 2007. p. 86.
114:...when they came to take off his
25:
249:, and being blessed by a priest.
81:particularly popular in English.
376:Stravinskas, Peter M.J. (1991).
878:Laicized Roman Catholic priests
398:(3rd ed.). New York City:
817:Banerjee, Neela (2004-12-03).
615:Scouteris, Prof. Constantine.
445:. Boydell Press. p. 274.
271:Clergy Discipline Measure 2003
1:
619:. Orthodox Research Institute
501:Code of Canon Law, canon 1333
34:Defrocking of patriarch Nikon
761:Anglican Church of Australia
637:Church of England Canon C1.2
292:Anglican Church of Australia
909:
888:Clergy removed from office
134:
278:Anglican Church of Canada
873:Catholic penal canon law
168:Sacrament of Holy Orders
506:March 29, 2008, at the
488:www.catholicculture.org
304:United Methodist Church
357:Loss of clerical state
241:church, receiving the
137:Loss of clerical state
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71:Christian denomination
35:
396:A Catholic Dictionary
112:
33:
320:Order and Discipline
224:ecclesiastical court
183:considered invalid.
59:criminal convictions
402:. p. 140, 505.
276:Similarly, in the
263:Anglican Communion
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400:Macmillan Company
267:Church of England
174:Eastern Orthodoxy
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683:23 September
681:. Retrieved
674:the original
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621:. Retrieved
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585:. Retrieved
581:the original
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553:laicization"
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532:. Retrieved
528:the original
524:laicization"
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424:18 December
259:Anglicanism
253:Anglicanism
187:Laicization
131:Catholicism
95:Renaissance
73:concerned.
51:laicization
47:degradation
852:Categories
828:2007-07-12
803:2007-07-12
587:2009-10-04
551:pro gratia
534:2014-01-18
363:References
352:Cashiering
328:sacraments
306:, when an
247:sacraments
245:and other
220:discipline
208:sacred vow
200:Holy Synod
194:after the
164:pro gratia
152:ordination
148:suspension
43:unfrocking
39:Defrocking
18:De-frocked
893:Methodism
858:Canon law
774:5 January
522:ad poenam
298:Methodism
243:Eucharist
216:canon law
160:ad poenam
108:John Foxe
78:vestments
765:Archived
708:cite web
596:cite web
504:Archived
394:(1962).
346:See also
324:Biblical
239:Orthodox
235:anathema
192:marriage
178:Certain
91:Medieval
63:doctrine
302:In the
290:In the
196:divorce
89:In the
85:History
623:25 May
449:
316:deacon
312:bishop
212:heresy
124:beadle
120:yeoman
104:heresy
55:clergy
768:(PDF)
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314:, or
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