883:
1377:
1060:
1395:. The two of them were told a prophecy pertaining to their future where Britannicus was told that he would never succeed his father and that Titus would. The two were so close that when Britannicus was poisoned, Titus – who was present – tasted it and was nearly killed. "When Titus came of age, the beauty and talents that had distinguished him as a child grew even more remarkable." Titus was extremely adept at the arts of "war and peace." He made a name for himself as a colonel in Germany and Britain; however, he really flourished as a commander under his father in Judea and when he took over the siege of Jerusalem. Titus' near six-month
268:
1194:
616:. The calendar at the time had already used the same system of solar years and lunar months that our current calendar uses. Caesar updated the calendar so as to minimize the number of lost days due to the prior calendar's imprecision regarding the exact amount of time in a solar year. Caesar also renamed the fifth month (also the month of his birth) in the Roman calendar July, in his honor (Roman years started in March, not January as they do under the current calendar). Suetonius says that Caesar had planned on invading and conquering the
1073:(full name: Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus) was the grandson of Mark Antony, brother of Germanicus, and the uncle of Caligula. He was descended from both the Julian and the Claudian clans, as was Caligula. He was about 50 years old at the time of Caligula's murder. He never held public office until late in his life, mainly due to his family's concerns as to his health and mental abilities. Suetonius has much to say about Claudius' apparent disabilities, and how the imperial family viewed them, in the "Life of Augustus".
714:
2123:
1440:
1273:
1134:
624:
1077:
within direct family of
Caligula, the last emperor. A soldier checking the room noticed feet sticking out from underneath the curtains, and upon pulling back the curtains discovered a terrified Claudius. He acclaimed Claudius the new emperor and took him to the rest of the soldiers, where they carried him out of the palace on a litter. Claudius was taken to the Praetorian camp, where he was quickly proclaimed emperor by the troops.
964:
84:
1364:); according to Suetonius, Vespasian's son (and the next emperor), Titus, criticized Vespasian for levying a fee for the use of public toilets in the streets of Rome. Vespasian then produced some coins and asked Titus to sniff them, and then asked Titus whether they smelled bad. When Titus said that the coins did not smell bad, Vespasian replied: "And yet they come from urine".
186:
43:
2493:
953:
944:, as this he had done many times previously to others. Tiberius had no living children when he died, although his (probable) natural grandson, Tiberius Julius Caesar Nero (Gemellus), and his adopted grandson, Gaius Caesar Caligula, both survived him. Tiberius designated both as his joint heirs, but seems to have favored Caligula over Gemellus, due to Gemellus' youth.
1044:. During the sacrifice, blood splattered on his clothes. Suetonius even suggested that Caligula's name itself was a predictor of his assassination, noting that every caesar named Gaius, such as the dictator Gaius Julius Caesar, had been assassinated (a statement which is not entirely accurate; Julius Caesar's father died from natural causes, as did Augustus).
1097:, a funny limp, as well as several personal habits like a bad stutter and excessive drooling when overexcited. Suetonius found much delectation in recounting how the pitiable Claudius was ridiculed in his imperial home due to these ailments. In his account of Caligula, Suetonius also includes several letters written by Augustus to his wife,
1241:
1505:. The revolt was quickly suppressed, but from then on, Suetonius informs us, Domitian's already suspicious temper grew steadily worse. Those closest to him suffered the most, and after a reign of terror at the imperial court Domitian was murdered in 96 AD; the group that killed him, according to Suetonius, included his wife,
854:. Much of what is known about this battle was written in this book. According to Suetonius, this battle "almost wrecked the empire." It is from Suetonius where we get the reaction of Augustus upon learning of the defeat. Suetonius writes that Augustus hit his head against a wall in despair, repeating,
1008:
Upon the death of
Tiberius, Caligula became emperor. Initially the Romans loved Caligula due to their memory of his father. But most of what Suetonius says of Caligula is negative, and describes him as having an affliction that caused him to suddenly fall unconscious. Suetonius believed that Caligula
901:
in his rebellion against
Octavian. Upon the resumption of peace, Octavian took an interest in Livia, and requested that the couple divorce so that he could marry her, making Tiberius his stepson. Tiberius's adolescence and marriages are recorded, with Suetonius noting Tiberius's displeasure at being
549:
Suetonius begins this section with Caesar's father's death when he himself was aged sixteen. Suetonius then narrates that period describing Caesar's disengagement with a wealthy girl called
Cossutia, engagement with Cornelia during the civic strife. He also narrated Caesar's conquests, especially in
1155:
One characteristic of Nero that
Suetonius describes was Nero's enjoyment of music. Suetonius describes Nero as being a gifted musician. Nero would often give great concerts with attendance compelled for upper-class Romans. These concerts would last for hours on end, and some women were rumored to
1076:
The assassination of
Caligula caused great terror in the palace and, according to Suetonius, Claudius, being frightened by the sounds of soldiers scouring the palace for further victims, hid behind some curtains on a balcony nearby. He was convinced that he would be murdered as well because he was
1108:
Suetonius discusses several omens that foretold the assassination of
Claudius. He mentions a comet that several Romans had seen shortly before the assassination. As mentioned earlier, comets were believed to foretell the deaths of significant people. Per Suetonius, Claudius, under suggestions from
600:
Suetonius describes Caesar's gift at winning the loyalty and admiration of his soldiers. Suetonius mentions that Caesar commonly referred to them as "comrades" instead of "soldiers." When one of Caesar's legions took heavy losses in a battle, Caesar vowed not to trim his beard or hair until he had
1857:"In." indicates that the manuscript is believed to originate around the beginning of that century. "Med." indicates towards the middle and "Ex." indicates towards the end. Otherwise the number indicates first (1/2) or second half (2/2) of the century or one of the quarters of the century (1-4/4).
1308:
Suetonius finally describes the assassination of
Vitellius. According to Suetonius, Vitellius was dragged naked by Roman subjects, tied to a post, and had animal waste thrown at him before he was killed. However, unlike the prior two emperors, it was not the next emperor who killed Vitellius. The
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1351:
Suetonius presents
Vespasian's early imperial actions, the reimposition of discipline on Rome and her provinces and the rebuilding and repair of Roman infrastructure damaged in the civil war, in a favourable light, describing him as 'modest and lenient' and drawing clear parallels with Augustus.
581:
them (this was the standard punishment for piracy during this time). He spent the remainder of his time in captivity addressing them as subordinates, participating in their games and exercises, and forcing them to listen to his speeches and poetry. After being released a little more than a month
1513:. The Senate, which had always hated him, quickly condemned his memory and repealed his acts, and Domitian joined the ranks of the tyrants of considerable accomplishments but evil memory. He was the last of the Flavian emperors, and his murder marked the beginning of the period of the so-called
1120:
His personal and moral failings aside however, most modern historians agree that
Claudius generally ruled well. They cite his military success in Britannia as well as his extensive public works. His reign came to an end when he was murdered by eating from a dish of poisoned mushrooms, probably
925:
Augustus began a long (and at times successful) tradition of adopting an heir, rather than allowing a son to succeed an emperor. Suetonius quotes from the will Augustus left. Suetonius suggests that not only was Tiberius not thought of highly by Augustus, but Augustus expected Tiberius to fail.
1263:
According to Suetonius, Otho suffered a fate similar to the fate Galba had suffered. It was the loyalists of another aspiring emperor (in this case, the next emperor Vitellius) who wanted to kill him. Suetonius claims that one night Otho realized that he would soon be murdered. He contemplated
1184:
Suetonius describes Nero's suicide, and remarks that his death meant the end of the reign of the Julio-Claudians (because Nero had no heir). According to Suetonius, Nero was condemned to die by the Senate. When Nero knew that soldiers had been dispatched by the Senate to kill him, he committed
1116:
Suetonius paints Claudius as a ridiculous figure, belittling many of his acts and attributing his good works to the influence of others. Thus the portrait of Claudius as the weak fool, controlled by those he supposedly ruled, was preserved for the ages. Claudius' dining habits figure in the
791:
After describing the military campaigns of Augustus, Suetonius describes his personal life. A large section of the entire book is devoted to this. This is partly because after Actium, the reign of Augustus was mostly peaceful. It has also been noted by several sources that the entire work of
667:
predicted the assassination. One such omen was a vivid dream Caesar had the night before his assassination. The day of the assassination, Suetonius claims that Caesar was given a document describing the entire plot. Caesar took the document, but did not have a chance to read it before he was
1355:
Suetonius describes avarice as Vespasian's only serious failing, documenting his tendency for inventive taxation and extortion. However, he mitigates this failing by suggesting that the emptiness of state coffers left Vespasian little choice. Moreover, intermixed with accounts of greed and
1088:
gives a more detailed account of this. He also went farther than Caesar, and made Britain subject to Roman rule. Caesar had "conquered" Britain, but left the Britons alone to rule themselves. Claudius was not as kind. The invasion of Britain was the major military campaign under his reign.
1255:
Suetonius used a similar method to describe the life of Otho as he had used to describe the life of Galba. Suetonius describes Otho's family, and their history and nobility. And just as Suetonius had done with prior caesars, he includes a list of omens regarding Otho's reign and suicide.
932:
Despite the lurid tales, modern history looks upon Tiberius as a successful and competent emperor who at his death left the state treasury much richer than when his reign began. Thus Suetonius' treatment of the character of Tiberius, like Claudius', must be taken with a pinch of salt.
1474:
for some important posts was also an innovation. The empire's finances, which the recklessness of Titus had thrown into confusion, were restored despite building projects and foreign wars. Deeply religious, Domitian built temples and established ceremonies and even tried to enforce
1454:, second son of Vespasian, and third emperor of the Flavian dynasty. Recorded as having gained the throne through deliberately letting his brother die of a fever. During Titus' rule he had caused dissent and had sought the throne through rebellion. From the beginning of his reign
993:('little boots') was a nickname given to him by his father's soldiers, because as a boy he would often dress in miniature battle gear and 'drill' the troops (without knowing the commands, but the troops loved him all the same and pretended to understand him). Caligula's father,
1028:
He would call people to his palace in the middle of the night. When they arrived, he would hide and make strange noises. At other times, he would have people assassinated, and then call for them. When they did not show up, he would remark that they must have committed suicide.
1414:
As emperor, he tried to be magnanimous and always heard petitions with an open mind. And after going through a day having not granted any favors, he commented that "I have wasted a day." During his reign he finished what would be the most enduring reminder of his family: the
822:, several Roman senators dreamt that a king would be born, and would rescue the republic. 63 BC was also the year Augustus was born. One other omen described by Suetonius suggests that Julius Caesar decided to make Augustus his heir after seeing an omen while serving as the
639:
Suetonius then includes a description of Caesar's appearance and personality. Suetonius says that Caesar was semi-bald. Due to embarrassment regarding his premature baldness, Caesar combed his hair over and forward so as to hide this baldness. Caesar wore a senator's
1020:
in Latin doubles as the word that the legionaries of the time used to call the 'huts' that the soldiers erected during the night while on campaign). He once had a walkway built from his palace to a temple so that he could be closer to his "brother," the Roman god
601:
avenged the deaths of his soldiers. Suetonius describes an incident during a naval battle. One of Caesar's soldiers had his hand cut off. Despite the injury, this soldier still managed to board an enemy ship and subdue its crew. Suetonius mentions Caesar's famous
501:
The book still provides valuable information on the heritage, personal habits, physical appearance, lives, and political careers of the first Roman emperors mentioning key details which other sources omit. For example, Suetonius is the main source on the lives of
484:
The book can be described as racy, overly sensationalist, packed with gossip, drama, and sometimes humor. The book relies heavily on hearsay and rumor, and at times the author subjectively expresses his opinion and knowledge. Several important events are omitted.
1225:
Most of this book describes Galba's ascension to the throne and his assassination, along with the usual side notes regarding his appearance and related omens. Suetonius does not spend much time describing either any accomplishments nor any failures of his reign.
1431:), having only reigned for "two years, two months and twenty days." At the time of his death, he " back the curtains, gazed up at the sky, and complained bitterly that life was being undeservedly taken from him – since only a single sin lay on his conscience."
494:, as well as the senators' views of the emperor. That resulted in biases, both conscious and unconscious. Suetonius lost access to the official archives shortly after beginning his work. He was forced to rely on secondhand accounts when it came to
1356:'stinginess' are accounts of generosity and lavish rewards. Finally Suetonius gives a brief account of Vespasian's physical appearance and penchant for comedy. This section of the work is the basis for the famous expression "Money has no odor" (
1259:
Suetonius spends most of the book describing the ascension of Otho, his suicide, and the other usual topics. Suetonius suggests that as soon as Otho ascended the throne, he started defending himself against competing claims to the throne.
1367:
Having contracted a 'bowel complaint,' Vespasian tried to continue his duties as emperor from what would be his deathbed, but on a sudden attack of diarrhea he said "An emperor ought to die standing," and died while struggling to do so.
909:
The early successes of Tiberius in his legal, political, and military career are recounted, including his command of several Roman armies in Germany. It was his leadership in these German campaigns that convinced Augustus to
582:
later, following the payment of the ransom of 50 talents, Caesar shortly raised an army entirely on his own (despite holding no command or public office), captured the pirates, and crucified them, recovering the 50 talents.
1423:, a great fire in Rome, and one of the worst plagues "that had ever been known." These catastrophes did not destroy him. Rather, as Suetonius remarks, he rose up like a father caring for his children. And although he was
597:. Upon viewing this statue, Suetonius reports that Caesar fell to his knees, weeping. When asked what was wrong, Caesar sighed, and said that by the time Alexander was his (Caesar's) age, he had conquered the whole world.
1092:
According to Suetonius, Claudius suffered from ill health all of his life until he became emperor, when his health suddenly became excellent. Nonetheless, Claudius suffered from a variety of maladies, including fits and
1462:, partly because of his lack of political skills, but also because of his own nature. Having led a solitary early life, Domitian was suspicious of those around him, a difficult situation which gradually got worse.
1101:, expressing concern for the imperial family's reputation should Claudius be seen with them in public. Suetonius goes on to accuse Claudius of cruelty and stupidity, assigning some of the blame to his wives and
655:
and subsequent dictatorship. Suetonius describes Caesar as taking steps so that others would not refer to him as king. Political enemies at the time had claimed that Caesar wanted to bring back the much reviled
813:
Suetonius describes certain omens and dreams that predicted the birth of Augustus. One dream described in the book suggested that his mother, Atia, was a virgin impregnated by a Roman god. In 63 BC, during the
705:. However, Suetonius himself asserts that Caesar said nothing, apart from a single groan, as he was being stabbed. Instead Suetonius reports that Caesar exclaimed, "Why, this is violence!" as the attack began.
918:, before returning to Rome some time before the death of Augustus. The ascent of Tiberius to the throne was possible because the two grandsons that Augustus had died before Augustus, and the last grandson,
1465:
Domitian's provincial government was so carefully supervised that Suetonius admits that the empire enjoyed a period of unusually good government and security. Domitian's policy of employing members of the
1390:
was the elder son of Vespasian, and second emperor of the Flavian dynasty. As Suetonius writes: "The delight and darling of the human race." Titus was raised in the imperial court, having grown up with
833:
Suetonius includes a section regarding the only two military defeats Rome suffered under Augustus. Both of these defeats occurred in Germany. The first defeat was inconsequential. During the second, the
1498:, the Dacians invaded the empire in 85 AD. The war ended in 88 in a compromise peace which left Decebalus as king and gave him Roman "foreign aid" in return for his promise to help defend the frontier.
1548:, quotes the dedication (from the now-lost prologue) to Septicius Clarus, then prefect of the Praetorian cohort. This allows the book to be dated to 119–121 AD, when Septicius was Praetorian prefect.
1537:
from the 13th century or earlier. The presence of certain errors in some copies but not others suggests that the nineteen books can be split into two branches of transmission of roughly equal size.
1533:. It is missing the prologue and the first part of the life of Julius Caesar, as are all other surviving copies of the book. Including the Tours manuscript, there are nineteen surviving copies of
663:
Finally, Suetonius describes Caesar's assassination. Shortly before his assassination, Caesar told a friend that he wanted to die a sudden and spectacular death. Suetonius believes that several
803:. Augustus had originally wanted Julia, his only child, to provide for him a male heir. Due to difficulties regarding an heir, and Julia's promiscuity, Augustus banished Julia to the island of
1264:
suicide, but decided to sleep one more night before carrying out a suicide. That night he went to bed with a dagger under his pillow. The next morning he woke up and stabbed himself to death.
768:. Antony had been Octavian's last surviving rival, but committed suicide after his defeat at Actium. It was after this victory in 31 BC that Octavian became master of the Roman world and
929:
After briefly mentioning military and administrative successes, Suetonius tells of perversion, brutality and vice and goes into depth to describe depravities he attributes to Tiberius.
1298:, and that Vespasian basically controlled history when he ascended to the throne. Anything written about Vitellius during the Flavian dynasty would have to paint him in a bad light.
1166:, and then had sex with him as though he were a woman. Suetonius quotes one Roman who lived around this time who remarked that the world would have been better off if Nero's father
2019:
ed. H. E. Butler, M. Cary. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1927. Reissued with new introduction, bibliography and additional notes by G.B. Townend. Bristol: Bristol Classical Press, 1982.
882:
810:
According to Suetonius, Augustus lived a modest life, with few luxuries. Augustus lived in an ordinary Roman house, ate ordinary Roman meals, and slept in an ordinary Roman bed.
760:
of the other generals who wanted to succeed Julius Caesar as the master of the Roman world. Suetonius includes descriptions of these civil wars, including the final one against
651:
as saying, "Beware the boy with the loose clothes, for one day he will mean the ruin of the Republic." This quote referred to Caesar, as he had been a young man during Sulla's
1113:, tried to shift this deadly fate from himself to others by various fictions, resulting in the execution of several Roman citizens, including some senators and aristocrats.
1376:
1016:
and as they prepared to invade Britain, one rumour had it that he had them pick seashells on the shore (evidence shows that this could be a fabrication as the word for
1059:
807:
and considered having her executed. Suetonius quotes Augustus as repeatedly cursing his enemies by saying that they should have "a wife and children like mine."
453:
was considered very significant in antiquity and remains a primary source on Roman history. The book discusses the significant and critical period of the
862:, give me back my legions!') This defeat was one of the worst Rome suffered during the entire Principate. The result was the establishment of the rivers
1159:
Nero's eccentricities continued in the tradition of his predecessors in mental and personal perversions. According to Suetonius, Nero had one boy named
1344:'s imperial pretensions. Suetonius then briefly recounts the escalating military support for Vespasian and even more briefly the events in Italy and
898:
1290:
This book gives an unfavorable picture of Vitellius; however it should be remembered that Suetonius' father was an army officer who had fought for
2321:
1167:
936:
Tiberius died of natural causes. Suetonius describes widespread joy in Rome upon his death. There was a desire to have his body thrown down the
2339:
1408:
1218:
Suetonius includes a brief description of Galba's family history. Suetonius describes Galba as being of noble birth, and born into a noble
1040:
was assassinated. Lightning was an event of immense superstition in the ancient world. The day of the assassination, Caligula sacrificed a
2144:
2550:
1530:
1032:
Suetonius describes several omens that predicted the assassination of Caligula. He mentions a bolt of lightning that struck Rome on the
101:
56:
569:
Suetonius describes an incident that would become one of the most memorable of the entire book. As a young man, Caesar was captured by
2545:
1025:, as Caligula believed himself to be a living deity. He would also have busts of his head replace those on statues of different gods.
612:
Suetonius later describes Caesar's major reforms upon defeating Pompey and seizing power. One such reform was the modification of the
2166:
2039:
1899:, even borrowing phrases from Suetonius' physical description of Augustus in his own description of the character and appearance of
1012:
He reports that Caligula married his sister, threatened to make his horse consul, and that he sent an army to the northern coast of
1005:
Germanicus as his heir, with the hope that Germanicus would succeed him. Germanicus died before he could succeed Tiberius in 19 AD.
874:. Rome would never again push its territory deeper into Germany. Suetonius suggests that Augustus never fully got over this defeat.
247:
229:
167:
70:
196:
1193:
1177:." Suetonius recounts how Nero, while watching Rome burn, exclaimed how beautiful it was, and sang an epic poem about the sack of
772:(emperor). His declaration of the end of the Civil Wars that had started under Julius Caesar marked the historic beginning of the
1156:
give birth during them, or men faking death to escape (Nero forbade anyone from leaving the performance until it was completed).
440:, at that time Hadrian's personal secretary, and is the largest among his surviving writings. It was dedicated to a friend, the
148:
267:
120:
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at the time. The death of Vitellius and subsequent ascendance of his successor ended the worst year of the early principate.
746:
105:
2398:
1148:
in a similar fashion to that of Caligula—it begins with a recounting of how Nero assumed the throne ahead of Claudius' son
2555:
2540:
573:. Amused at the lowness of the initial ransom they sought to ask for him, Caesar insisted that they raise his price to 50
127:
570:
2535:
984:, contain little, if anything, about Caligula. Presumably most of what existed regarding his reign was lost long ago.
2137:
2131:
211:
1047:
Caligula was an avid fan of gladiatorial combats; he was assassinated shortly after leaving a show by a disgruntled
134:
2439:
1886:
is a collective biography, partly fictionalized, of Roman emperors and usurpers of the second and third centuries.
1396:
871:
835:
652:
207:
94:
2429:
2233:
Smith, Clement Lawrence (1901). "A Preliminary Study of Certain Manuscripts of Suetonius' Lives of the Caesars".
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742:
498:(with the exception of the letters of Augustus, which had been gathered earlier) and does not quote the emperor.
2148:
1482:
Domitian personally took part in battles in Germany. The latter part of his reign saw increasing trouble on the
1252:. Otho's reign was only a few months. Therefore, the book on Otho is short, much as the book on Galba had been.
713:
585:
It is from Suetonius that we first learn of another incident during the life of Julius Caesar. While serving as
1219:
756:
Augustus) finished the civil wars started by his great-uncle, Julius Caesar. One by one, Octavian defeated the
116:
1352:
Vespasian is further presented as being extraordinarily just and with a preference for clemency over revenge.
2482:(English translation of Alexander Thomson, M.D., Revised and corrected by T. Forester, Esq., A.M. – includes
1920:
602:
476:, using the same group, were a popular subject in art in many different media from the Renaissance onwards.
62:
1949:
Many artists created series of paintings or sculptures based on the lives of the Twelve Caesars, including
1439:
566:, Suetonius quotes Caesar during a battle that he nearly lost, "That man does not know how to win a war."
2446:
1330:
1310:
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488:
Although he was never a senator himself, Suetonius took the side of the Senate in most conflicts with the
444:
2507:
1942:. For centuries, collecting a coin of each of the twelve caesars has been a challenge for collectors of
1424:
1125:
in an attempt to have her own son from a previous marriage, the future emperor Nero, ascend the throne.
1122:
922:– although originally designated co-rule with Tiberius – was later deemed morally unsound by Augustus.
897:, and recounts his birth father's career as a military officer both under Caesar and as a supporter of
551:
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2320:
Henderson, John (2014). ""Was Suetonius' Julius a Caesar?"". In Power, Tristan; Gibson, Roy K (eds.).
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Galba was able to ascend to the throne because Nero's death meant the end of Julio-Claudian dynasty.
701:
672:
533:
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delves more deeply into personal details and gossip relative to other contemporary Roman histories.
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1022:
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594:
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biography, notably his immoderate love of food and drink, and his affection for the city taverns.
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with an orange belt. Caesar is described as routinely wearing loose clothes. Suetonius quotes the
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1960:
1514:
1333:. Suetonius documents an early reputation for honesty but also a tendency toward avariciousness.
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and then descends into a recounting of various atrocities the young emperor allegedly performed.
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903:
441:
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One of the reasons Domitian failed to crush the Dacians was a revolt in Germany by the governor
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141:
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Suetonius opens his book on Tiberius by highlighting his ancestry as a member of the patrician
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2479:
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In the book of the last of the short-lived emperors, Suetonius briefly describes the reign of
914:
Tiberius and to make him his heir. According to Suetonius, Tiberius retired at a young age to
859:
827:
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family. Suetonius also includes a brief list of omens regarding Galba and his assassination.
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We learn from Suetonius that Claudius was the first Roman commander to invade Britain since
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by his contemporary Tacitus having been lost). Suetonius made a reference in this work to "
2434:
1939:
1506:
1476:
1404:
1322:
937:
800:
689:). This specific wording varies slightly from the more famous quote, "Even you, Brutus?" (
617:
2209:
1868:
served as a model for the biographies of 2nd- and early 3rd-century emperors compiled by
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was made in Tours in the late 8th or early 9th century AD, and is currently held in the
1955:
1869:
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1326:
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Suetonius includes a brief description of the family history of Vitellius, and related
1002:
911:
823:
738:
684:
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613:
606:
458:
31:
1876:, does not survive, but it was a source for a later biographical collection, known as
609:), on his way to Rome to start a Civil War against Pompey and ultimately seize power.
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2383:
2306:
1981:
1906:
1400:
1081:
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For most of the work, Suetonius refers to Caligula by his actual first name, Gaius.
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558:. Several times Suetonius quotes Caesar. Suetonius includes Caesar's famous decree, "
374:
370:
2255:
1483:
997:, was loved throughout Rome as a brilliant military commander and example of Roman
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773:
757:
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691:
574:
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1911:
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and the expulsion of Jews from Jerusalem. The resulting period is known as the
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Suetonius says that others have claimed that Caesar reproached the conspirator
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1337:
1302:
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It is in Suetonius we find the beginnings of the legend that Nero "fiddled as
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Suetonius describes a strained relationship between Augustus and his daughter
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753:
718:
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454:
850:) were defeated by the West-Germanic resistance to Roman imperialism, led by
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Food and the memory: papers of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery 2000
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1459:
1407:(roughly from 70 till 1948). Titus had a love affair with the Jewish queen
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and follows with a brief summary of his military and political career under
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Suetonius begins by describing the humble antecedents of the founder of the
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About this time, Suetonius has exhausted all his imperial archival sources.
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and consultations with oracles follows which Suetonius suggests furthered
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next emperor and his followers had been waging a war against the Jews in
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Biographies of Julius Caesar and the first 11 Roman emperors by Suetonius
2522:(New English translation with in-depth name index (2010) by A. S. Kline)
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comes from Suetonius. Other contemporary Roman works, such as those of
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214:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
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562:" (I came, I saw, I conquered). In discussing Caesar's war against
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ed. Harlan Walker (Totnes: Prospect Books, 2001) pp. 62–88.
1988:
C. Suetoni Tranquilli opera, vol. I: De vita Caesarum libri VIII
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2210:"The Lives of the Twelve Caesars, by C. Suetonius Tranquillus;"
1984:. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1957, revised by James B. Rives, 2007
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Before he died, Julius Caesar had designated his great-nephew,
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ed. Charles L. Murison. London: Bristol Classical Press, 1992.
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According to Suetonius, Galba was killed by Otho's loyalists.
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36:
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Cornell University Library Historical Monographs Collection.
2357:"The Transmission of Suetonius's Caesars in the Middle Ages"
2280:"The Transmission of Suetonius's Caesars in the Middle Ages"
432:
The work, written in AD 121 during the reign of the emperor
2101:
ed. Brian W. Jones. Bristol: Bristol Classical Press, 1996.
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ed. B.H. Warmington. London: Bristol Classical Press, 1999.
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ed. J. Mottershead. Bristol: Bristol Classical Press, 1986.
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ed. John M. Carter. Bristol: Bristol Classical Press, 1982.
1882:, which now forms a kind of sequel to Suetonius' work. The
1329:, Claudius and Nero and his suppression of the uprising in
682:
30:"Twelve Caesars" redirects here. For the Swedish band, see
1593:
Wolfenbüttel, Herzog August Bibliothek 4573 Gud. lat. 268
2059:
ed. Hugh Lindsay. London: Bristol Classical Press, 1993.
2052:
ed. Hugh Lindsay. London: Bristol Classical Press, 1995.
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Vatican, Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana Reg. lat. 833
203:
2364:
Transactions of the American Philological Association
2287:
Transactions of the American Philological Association
2094:
ed. A. W. Braithwaite. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1927.
1649:
Florence, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana Plut. 66.39
385:. The subjects consist of: Julius Caesar (d. 44 BC),
1812:
Florence, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana Plut. 64.8
1621:
Florence, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana Plut. 68.7
363:"About the Life of the Caesars"), commonly known as
1607:Vatican, Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana lat. 1904
676:
577:, and promised that one day he would find them and
469:, whose surviving works document a similar period.
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328:
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281:
108:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1826:Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France lat. 6116
1784:Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France lat. 5802
1635:Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France lat. 5801
1579:Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France lat. 6115
1552:Extant manuscripts (ninth to thirteenth centuries)
2484:Lives Of The Grammarians, Rhetoricians, And Poets
1170:had married someone more like the castrated boy.
2323:Suetonius the Biographer: Studies in Roman Lives
2106:C. Suetonius Tranquillus, Divus Titus: Kommentar
1938:Suetonius' work has had a significant impact on
906:, in order to marry Augustus's daughter Julia.
1990:, ed. Maximilianus Ihm. Leipzig: Teubner, 1908.
1540:References to the book appear in older works.
902:forced by Augustus to divorce his first wife,
2005:. (London: Penguin, 1979), pp. 296–302.
1963:, a collection of twelve 16th-century silver
1893:modelled himself on Suetonius in writing the
1208:is short. Galba was the first emperor of the
780:. Octavian at this point was given the title
8:
260:
1728:Oxford, Bodleian Library Lat. class. d. 39
1419:. His reign was tainted by the eruption of
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988:
781:
71:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1996:by J. C. Rolfe. London: Heinemann, 1913–4.
1490:, a tribe occupying roughly what is today
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259:
2332:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199697106.003.0005
2326:. Oxford Scholarship Online. p. 81.
2254:
2167:Learn how and when to remove this message
2064:Suetonius' Life of Caligula: a commentary
976:Most of what is known about the reign of
248:Learn how and when to remove this message
230:Learn how and when to remove this message
168:Learn how and when to remove this message
2130:This article includes a list of general
2030:Phillips, Darryl Alexander, ed. (2023).
1840:San Marino, Huntington Library HM 45717
1714:London, British Library Royal 15 C. iii
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2180:A. Dalby, 'Dining with the Caesars' in
1872:. This collection, apparently entitled
1742:London, British Library Royal 15 C. iv
788:("the venerable") by the Roman Senate.
745:, was the daughter of Caesar's sister,
2235:Harvard Studies in Classical Philology
2189:Suetonius: the scholar and his Caesars
1994:Suetonius, with an English translation
1854:As identified and assigned in Kaster.
1770:Cambridge, University Library Kk.5.24
1051:captain, as well as several senators.
2034:. New York: Oxford University Press.
1927:), made a widely read translation of
1756:Soissons, Bibliothèque municipale 19
1677:Montpellier, Faculté de médecine 117
7:
733:(who would be named Augustus by the
369:, is a set of twelve biographies of
106:adding citations to reliable sources
2108:. Königstein am Taunus: Hain, 1981.
1909:, famous for his historical novels
1798:Durham, Cathedral Library C.III.18
1411:, whom he brought briefly to Rome.
1294:and against Vitellius at the first
2136:it lacks sufficient corresponding
1971:Complete editions and translations
1348:that culminated in his accession.
593:, Caesar once visited a statue of
465:; comparisons are often made with
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2457:Suetonius' works at Latin Library
2397:Markowitz, Mike (15 March 2016).
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52:This article has multiple issues.
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2355:Kaster, Robert A (Spring 2014).
2278:Kaster, Robert A (Spring 2014).
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1531:Bibliothèque nationale de France
741:son and heir. Octavius' mother,
737:after becoming emperor), as his
571:pirates in the Mediterranean Sea
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2498:The Lives of the Twelve Caesars
2475:The Lives of the Twelve Caesars
2441:The Lives of the Twelve Caesars
1144:Suetonius portrays the life of
675:, saying "You too, my child?" (
436:, was the most popular work of
93:needs additional citations for
60:or discuss these issues on the
1546:De magistratibus populi Romani
1509:, and possibly his successor,
1399:ended with the destruction of
856:Quintili Vare, legiones redde!
605:(the border between Italy and
514:(the relevant sections of the
1:
2510:De vita Caesarum libri III–VI
2399:"Coins of the Twelve Caesars"
1976:Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus,
1525:The oldest surviving copy of
1336:A detailed recounting of the
302:'On the Life of the Caesars')
2445:(Latin and translation from
1764:Presumably of French origin
1708:Location it was transcribed
1573:Location it was transcribed
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532:he mentions Christians (see
2501:public domain audiobook at
2032:Suetonius' Life of Augustus
1168:Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus
383:Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus
210:the claims made and adding
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2551:2nd-century books in Latin
2191:. London: Duckworth, 1983.
2066:. Brussels: Latomus, 1994.
2003:The Twelve Caesars (Titus)
1544:, in his 6th-century book
1121:supplied by his last wife
1063:Bronze and marble bust of
836:Battle of Teutoburg Forest
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29:
2546:2nd-century history books
1210:Year of the Four Emperors
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2520:at Poetry in Translation
2508:Gai Suetoni Tranquilli
2430:The Lives of the Caesars
1181:while playing the lyre.
870:as the natural northern
524:", which could refer to
2256:2027/mdp.39015074725345
2151:more precise citations.
838:, three Roman legions (
603:crossing of the Rubicon
2447:Loeb Classical Library
2085:Galba, Otho, Vitellius
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1931:, first published in
1643:Chartres or Le Mans?
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2556:Books about monarchs
2541:Biographies in Latin
2187:A. Wallace-Hadrill,
1521:Manuscript tradition
1494:. Led by their king
1470:rather than his own
1458:ruled as a complete
1417:Flavian Amphitheater
872:border of the empire
764:that ended with the
752:Octavian (not yet re
534:Historicity of Jesus
457:from the end of the
117:"The Twelve Caesars"
102:improve this article
1896:Life of Charlemagne
1722:London, St. Paul's
1503:Antonius Saturninus
1450:Younger brother of
1296:Battle of Bedriacum
1250:Marcus Salvius Otho
1084:a century earlier.
595:Alexander the Great
292:Original title
262:
261:The Twelve Caesars
2536:Biographical books
2518:The Twelve Caesars
2465:Works by Suetonius
1978:The Twelve Caesars
1961:Aldobrandini Tazze
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2408:. Retrieved
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2113:Bibliography
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2017:Divus Iulius
2016:
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1856:
1853:
1830:s. XII med.
1788:s. XII med.
1681:s. XII med.
1653:s. XII med.
1557:Alpha branch
1545:
1539:
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1484:lower Danube
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1244:Bust of Otho
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735:Roman Senate
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692:et tu, Brute
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158:October 2009
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100:Please help
95:verification
92:
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54:Please help
51:
2410:31 December
2149:introducing
2097:Suetonius,
2090:Suetonius,
2083:Suetonius,
2076:Suetonius,
2069:Suetonius,
2062:D. Wardle,
2055:Suetonius,
2048:Suetonius,
2022:Suetonius,
2015:Suetonius,
2001:Suetonius.
1944:Roman coins
1912:I, Claudius
1901:Charlemagne
1844:s. XII ex.
1816:s. XII 2/2
1774:s. XII 2/2
1732:s. XII 3/4
1718:s. XII in.
1692:Beta branch
1685:Clairvaux?
1667:s. XII 2/2
1625:s. XII 2/2
1393:Britannicus
1175:Rome burned
1150:Britannicus
1086:Cassius Dio
942:Tiber River
844:Legio XVIII
762:Mark Antony
747:Julia Minor
697:Shakespeare
480:Historicity
381:written by
2530:Categories
2460:(in Latin)
2449:(1914) by
2219:2021-10-18
2196:References
2132:references
1959:, and the
1921:dramatized
1834:Normandy?
1802:s. XI ex.
1792:Chartres?
1639:s. XI/XII
1615:Flavigny?
1611:s. XI 1/2
1601:Eichstätt
1597:s. XI 3/4
1583:s. IX 1/2
1542:John Lydus
995:Germanicus
840:Legio XVII
816:consulship
805:Pandateria
778:Pax Romana
776:, and the
719:Glyptothek
653:Social War
455:Principate
220:March 2013
204:improve it
128:newspapers
57:improve it
2384:162389359
2307:162389359
2241:: 19–58.
1935:in 1957.
1861:Influence
1778:England?
1496:Decebalus
1486:from the
1342:Vespasian
1317:Vespasian
1285:Vitellius
1278:Vitellius
1268:Vitellius
1220:patrician
1185:suicide.
1164:castrated
1123:Agrippina
1111:Messalina
1109:his wife
848:Legio XIX
770:imperator
552:Civil War
512:Vespasian
438:Suetonius
419:Vespasian
415:Vitellius
323:Biography
286:Suetonius
208:verifying
63:talk page
2503:LibriVox
2404:CoinWeek
2099:Domitian
2071:Claudius
2057:Caligula
2050:Tiberius
1874:Caesares
1820:France?
1760:s. XIII
1750:England
1746:s. XIII
1736:England
1704:Century
1629:France?
1569:Century
1479:by law.
1472:freedmen
1460:autocrat
1456:Domitian
1445:Domitian
1443:Bust of
1435:Domitian
1429:Domitian
1409:Berenice
1380:Bust of
1276:Bust of
1197:Bust of
1137:Bust of
1103:freedmen
1071:Claudius
1065:Claudius
1055:Claudius
1042:flamingo
990:Caligula
978:Caligula
958:Caligula
956:Bust of
948:Caligula
888:Tiberius
886:Bust of
878:Tiberius
852:Arminius
784:Augustus
709:Augustus
658:monarchy
627:Bust of
591:Hispania
587:quaestor
554:against
522:Chrestus
508:Claudius
504:Caligula
496:Claudius
491:princeps
463:Domitian
459:Republic
427:Domitian
399:Claudius
395:Caligula
391:Tiberius
387:Augustus
375:emperors
309:Language
2486:. 1796)
2145:improve
1923:by the
1919:(later
1891:Einhard
1671:France
1657:France
1492:Romania
1488:Dacians
1425:deified
1023:Jupiter
1003:adopted
982:Tacitus
895:Claudii
758:legions
739:adopted
695:) from
631:in the
579:crucify
575:talents
467:Tacitus
434:Hadrian
377:of the
202:Please
142:scholar
2382:
2338:
2305:
2265:310421
2263:
2134:, but
2038:
1980:, tr.
1951:Titian
1587:Tours
1331:Judaea
1311:Judaea
1161:Sporus
999:pietas
970:caliga
916:Rhodes
868:Danube
846:, and
820:Cicero
723:Munich
673:Brutus
629:Pompey
526:Christ
517:Annals
334:AD 121
282:Author
276:, 1477
144:
137:
130:
123:
115:
2380:S2CID
2360:(PDF)
2303:S2CID
2283:(PDF)
2261:JSTOR
1511:Nerva
1452:Titus
1388:Titus
1382:Titus
1372:Titus
1346:Egypt
1338:omens
1303:omens
1206:Galba
1199:Galba
1189:Galba
1099:Livia
1018:shell
912:adopt
864:Rhine
801:Julia
754:named
665:omens
642:tunic
423:Titus
407:Galba
357:Latin
319:Genre
313:Latin
149:JSTOR
135:books
2412:2016
2336:ISBN
2078:Nero
2036:ISBN
1915:and
1292:Otho
1236:Otho
1179:Troy
1146:Nero
1139:Nero
1129:Nero
1014:Gaul
866:and
743:Atia
530:Nero
472:The
411:Otho
403:Nero
361:lit.
300:lit.
121:news
2478:at
2467:at
2433:at
2372:doi
2368:144
2328:doi
2295:doi
2291:144
2251:hdl
2243:doi
1953:'s
1925:BBC
826:of
818:of
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589:in
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104:by
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