973:, near Nerchinsk. This group, sentenced to hard labor, included principal leaders of the Decembrist movement as well as the members of the United Slavs. Siberian Governor-General Lavinsky argued that it was easiest to control a large, concentrated group of convicts, and Emperor Nicholas I pursued this policy in order to maximize surveillance and to limit revolutionaries’ contact with local populations. Concentration facilitated the guarding of prisoners, but it also allowed the Decembrists to continue to exist as a community. This was especially true at Chita. The move to Petrovsky Zavod, however, forced Decembrists to divide into smaller groups; the new location was compartmentalized with an oppressive sense of order. Convicts could no longer congregate casually. Although nothing could destroy the Decembrists’ conception of fraternity, Petrovsky Zavod forced them to live more private lives. Owing to a number of imperial sentence reductions, exiles started to complete their labor terms years ahead of schedule. The labor was of minimal travail; Stanislav Leparsky, commandant of Petrovsky Zavod, failed to enforce Decembrists’ original labor sentences, and criminal convicts carried out much of the work in place of the revolutionaries. Most Decembrists left Petrovsky Zavod between 1835 and 1837, settling in or near Irkutsk, Minusinsk, Kurgan, Tobol’sk, Turinsk, and Yalutorovsk. Those Decembrists who had already lived in or visited Siberia, such as Dimitri Zavalishin, prospered upon leaving Petrovsky Zavod's confines, but most found it physically arduous and more psychologically unnerving than prison life.
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other foreign languages, arts and crafts, and musical instruments. They established "academies" made up of libraries, schools, and symposia. In their settlements, Decembrists were fierce advocates of education, and founded many schools for natives, the first of which opened at
Nerchinsk. Schools were also founded for women, and soon exceeded capacity. Decembrists contributed greatly to the field of agriculture, introducing previously unknown crops such as vegetables, tobacco, rye, buckwheat, and barley, and advanced agricultural methods such as hothouse cultivation. Trained doctors among the political exiles promoted and organized medical aid. The homes of prominent exiles like Prince Sergei Volkonsky and Prince Sergei Trubetskoi became social centers of their locales. All throughout Siberia, the Decembrists sparked an intellectual awakening: literary writings, propaganda, newspapers, and books from European Russia began to circulate the eastern provinces, the local population developing a capacity for critical political observation. The Decembrists even held a certain influence within Siberian administration; Dimitry Zavalishin played a critical role in developing and advocating Russian Far East policy. Although the Decembrists lived in isolation, their scholarly activities encompassed Siberia at large, including its culture, economy, administration, population, geography, botany, and ecology. Despite restricted circumstances, the Decembrists accomplished an extraordinary amount, and their work was deeply appreciated by Siberians.
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lieutenant. Not only were political and social activities carefully monitored and prevented, there was interference regarding religious convictions. Local clergy accused Prince
Shakhovskoi of "heresy", due to his interest in natural sciences. Authorities investigated and restrained other Decembrists for not attending church. The regime thoroughly censored all correspondences, especially communication with relatives. Messages were scrupulously reviewed by both officials in Siberia and the Third Division of the political intelligence service at Saint Petersburg. This screening process necessitated dry, careful wording on the part of Decembrists. In the words of Bestuzhev, correspondence bore a "lifeless ... imprint of officiality." Under the settlement regime, allowances were extremely meager. Certain Decembrists, including the Volkonskys, the Murav’yovs, and the Trubetskoys, were rich, but the majority of exiles had no money, and were forced to live off a mere 15
1024:'s reforms and salon fashion), wearing peasant dress and socialising with many of his peasant associates with whom he worked the land at his farm in Urik. Maria, equally, established schools, a foundling hospital and a theater for the local population. Sergei returned after 30 years of his exile had elapsed, though his titles and land remained under royal possession. Other exiles preferred to remain in Siberia after their sentences were served, preferring its relative freedom to the stifling intrigues of Moscow and Saint Petersburg, and after years of exile there was not much for them to return to. Many Decembrists thrived in exile, in time becoming landowners and farmers. In later years, they became idols of the populist movement of the 1860s and the 1870s as the Decembrists' advocacy of reform (including the abolition of serfdom) won them many admirers, including the writer
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including the right of husbands to live with their wives in privacy. Decembrists managed to gain transfers and allowances through persuasive petitions as well as through the intervention of family members. This process of petitioning, and the resultant concessions made by the tsar and officials, was and would continue to be a standard practice of political exiles in
Siberia. The chain of bureaucratic procedures and orders linking Saint Petersburg to Siberian administration was often circumvented or ignored. These breaks in bureaucracy afforded exiles a small capacity for betterment and activism.
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financially inhibited, others had no family, and many were weak with old age. To many, Siberia had become home. Those that did return to
European Russia did so with enthusiasm for the enforcement of the Emancipation Reforms of 1861. The exile of the Decembrists led to the permanent implantation of an intelligentsia in Siberia. For the first time, a cultural, intellectual, and political elite came to Siberian society as permanent residents; they integrated with the country and participated alongside natives in its development.
721:, where they refused to swear allegiance to the new tsar, Nicholas I, proclaiming instead their loyalty to Konstantin. They expected to be joined by the rest of the troops stationed in Saint Petersburg, but they were disappointed. The revolt was hampered when it was deserted by its supposed leader Prince Trubetskoy. His second-in-command, Colonel Bulatov, also vanished from the scene. After a hurried consultation, the rebels appointed Prince Eugene Obolensky as a replacement leader.
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change on the regime. Their dissatisfaction forced
Nicholas I to turn his attention inward to address the issues of the empire. He included many Decembrists who had joined his forces on the Senate Square and did not ultimately support the revolt in spite of their participation in Decembrist meetings into his government (such as Benkendorf, appointed to supervise the human rights, Muraviev-Vilensky and others). In 1826, Speransky was appointed by Nicholas I to head the
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1020:("Decembrist wife") is a Russian symbol of the devotion of a wife to her husband. Maria Volkonskaya, the wife of the Decembrist leader Sergei Volkonsky, notably followed her husband to his exile in Irkutsk. Despite the spartan conditions of this banishment, Sergei Volkonsky and his wife Maria took opportunities to celebrate the liberalising mode of their exile. Sergei took to wearing an untrimmed beard (rejecting
906:. The journey eastward was fraught with hardship, yet for some it offered refreshing changes in scenery and peoples following imprisonment. Decembrist Nikolay Vasil’yevich Basargin was unwell when he set out from Saint Petersburg, but he recovered his strength on the move; his memoirs depict the journey to Siberia in a cheerful light, full of praise for the "common people" and commanding landscapes.
441:, the reform of ecclesiastic education, and strengthening the government's role in the country's economic development. Speransky's role increased greatly in 1808. From then until 1812, when they feared him as a liberal similar to Napoleon and his invasion, Speransky developed plans for the reorganization of Russia's government. Because of increasing hostility, he was forced to flee into exile.
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548:, and to liberate all peasants without the consent of Russian landlords. They would not be able to influence a government based in Warsaw. Yakushkin intended to kill the emperor even before the revolution. When the society consisting of Russian landlords had refused to kill the emperor based on such rumors, Yakushkin left the society. The more liberal
838:. It took two weeks for the Southern Society to learn of the events in the capital. Meanwhile, other members of the leadership were arrested. The Southern Society, and a nationalistic group called the United Slavs, discussed revolt. When learning of the location of some of the arrested men, the United Slavs freed them by force. One of the freed men,
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and the parliaments in Russia and
Finland would be established in 1905. Finland had a parliament since Alexander I, but the number of electors was limited. The Russian Constitution of 1905 was called "The basic laws" as the Decembrists had called it. Though defeated, the Decembrists did effect some
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Despite extensive restrictions, limitations, and hardships, Decembrists believed that they could improve their situation through personal initiative. A constant stream of petitions came out of
Petrovsky Zavod addressed to General Leparskii and Emperor Nicholas I. Most of the petitions were written by
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Not all
Decembrists could identify with Basargin's positive experience. Because of their lower social standing, "soldier-Decembrists" experienced the emperor's vengeance in full. Sentenced by court-martial, many of these "commoners" received thousands of lashes. Those that survived went to Siberia on
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During their time in exile, the
Decembrists fundamentally influenced Siberian life. Their presence was most definitely felt culturally and economically, political activity being so far removed from the "pulse of national life" so as to be negligible. While in Petrovsky Zavod, Decembrists taught each
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was considered from the very beginning; for that purpose, a majority of the nobility was to be invited in order to petition the
Emperor about it. This was later thought of on many occasions, but we soon came to realize that the nobility could not be persuaded. And as time went on we became even more
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the throne from Konstantin. On December 26th, Northern Society members led a force of approximately 3,000 troops into Senate Square to prevent the loyalty-swearing ceremony and to rally additional soldiers and officers to their cause. This group of rebels, although disorganized due to indecision and
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who had cast aside social privileges and comfort to follow their husbands into exile. These wives joined under the leadership of Princess Mariia Volkonskaia, and by 1832, through relentless petitions, managed to secure for their men formal cancellation of labor requirements, and several privileges,
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to the north. However, they were targeted by the artillery and suffered many casualties. As the ice was broken by the cannon fire, many sank. The revolt in the north came to an end. There was a rumor that during the nighttime, police and loyal army units were detached to clean the city and the Neva
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For hours, there was a stand-off between the 3,000 rebels and the 9,000 loyal troops stationed outside the Senate building, with some desultory shooting from the rebel side. A vast crowd of civilian on-lookers began fraternizing with the rebels but did not join the action. Eventually, Nicholas (the
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confederation-advocating revolutionaries of the "Society of United Slavs". The majority of Decembrists were not members of illegal organizations similar to the participants of palace revolutions. Some were members of the Union of Prosperity only, sympathetic to an official, pro-governmental fairly
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The Siberian population met the Decembrists with great hospitality. Natives played central roles in keeping lines of communication open among Decembrists, friends, and relatives. Most merchants and state employees were also sympathetic. To the masses, the Decembrist exiles were "generals who had
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3 January] 1826, the rebels met defeat, and the surviving leaders were sent to Saint Petersburg to stand trial with the northern leaders. The Decembrists were taken to the Winter Palace to be interrogated, tried, and convicted. Kakhovsky was executed by hanging, together with four other
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public, and Nicholas stepped forward to assume the throne, the Northern Society acted. With the capital in temporary confusion, and one oath to Konstantin having already been sworn, the society scrambled in secret meetings to convince regimental leaders not to swear allegiance to Nicholas. These
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of serfdom in Baltic provinces. They also supported equality before the law. The Southern Society, under Pestel's influence, was more radical and wanted to abolish the monarchy, establish a republic, similar to the Union of Salvation, and contrary to the Union of Salvation plans, to redistribute
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Upon arrival at places of settlement, exiles had to comply with extensive regulations under a strict governmental regime. Local police watched, regulated, and notated every move that Decembrists attempted to make. Dimitri Zavalishin was thrown into prison for failing to remove his hat before a
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and realization of the suffering of peasant soldiers resulted in Decembrist officers and sympathizers being attracted to reform changes in society. They displayed their contempt of court by rejecting the court lifestyle, wearing their cavalry swords at balls (to indicate their unwillingness to
334:. Neither the Russian government nor the general public were initially aware of Konstantin’s renouncement, and as a result, parts of the military took a premature oath of loyalty to Konstantin. A general swearing of loyalty to the true emperor Nicholas was scheduled for 26 December [
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to the throne, the Decembrists received amnesty, and their rights, privileges were restored. Their children obtained rights, privileges and even titles of their fathers (such as princes) even if their fathers' titles were not restored. However, not all chose to return to the West. Some were
997:(about 16 hectares) of land, the allotment granted to each settler. Decembrists, with little to no knowledge of the land, attempted to eke out a living on wretched soil with next to no equipment. Financial aid from relatives and wealthier comrades saved many; others perished.
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refused to take the oath to Nicholas I." They were great figures that had suffered political persecution for their loyalty to the people. On the whole, indigenous Siberian populations greatly respected the Decembrists and were extremely hospitable in their reception of them.
603:. They envisioned that it could be replaced with a republic in the future but only according to the will of the people. They also believed there should be a legislative assembly and did not call for the execution of the imperial family. They supported the abolition of
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13 July] 1826, the first party of Decembrist convicts began its exodus to Siberia. Among this group were Prince Trubetskoi, Prince Obolensky, Peter and Andrei Borisov, Prince Volkonsky, and Artamon Muraviev, all of them bound for the mines at
1477:Горбачевский И. И. Записки. Письма. – М., 1963. Нечкина М. В. Общество соединенных славян. – М.; Л., 1927. Оксман Ю. Г. Из истории агитационно-пропагандистской литературы 20-х гг. XIX в. // Очерки из истории движения декабристов: Сб. ст. – М., 1954.
1798:", he also reformed aristocratic culture. Bureaucrats now served the state, wore European dress and had to conform to certain presentational standards (i.e., they must not wear a beard, which was associated with the old aristocracy, or the
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conservative program. But their revolt, unlike previous Romanov palace revolutions, has been considered the beginning of a revolutionary movement. The uprising was the first open breach between the government and reformist elements of the
842:, assumed leadership of the revolt. After converting the soldiers of Vasilkov to the cause, Muraviev-Apostol easily captured the city. The rebelling army was confronted by superior forces that were heavily armed with artillery loaded with
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would not agree to participate in establishing a federation. They wanted a United States-style republic or other state, with Lithuania, Belarus and Ukraine to be included in a unitary Poland (i.e., more or less the territory of the former
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was instituted between 1816 and 1819. However, internal and external unrest, which the tsar believed stemmed from political liberalization, led to a series of repressions and a return to a former government of restraint and conservatism.
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in peaceful times as threatening to the would-be Russian/United Slavic federation; they only approved the US revolutionary model. While agreeing with Pestel that the American revolutionary model could be the best form for Russia, the
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dance), and committing themselves to academic study. These new practices captured the spirit of the times as a willingness by the Decembrists to embrace both the peasant (i.e., the fundamental Russian people) and ongoing
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Russian law. Under his leadership, the committee produced a publication of the complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire, containing 35,993 enactments. This codification called the "Full Collection of Laws"
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To some extent, the Decembrists were in the tradition of a long line of palace revolutionaries of 1725–1825 who wanted to place their candidate on the throne, but many Decembrists also wanted to implement either
390:, was assassinated. The loyalists eventually opened fire with heavy artillery, scattering the rebels. In the aftermath of the coup attempt, many of the rebels were sentenced to hanging, imprisonment, or exile to
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privately renounced his claim to the throne two years prior to Alexander’s death on 1 December 1825. The line of succession therefore fell to their younger brother Nicholas, who would ascend to the throne as
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Fifteen out of 124 Decembrists were convicted of "state-crimes" by the Supreme Criminal Court, and sentenced to "exile-to-settlement". These men were sent directly to isolated locales, such as Berezov,
656:, in the future. This society joined the Southern Society and adopted its program in exchange for the recognition of the Slavic federation zeal by the Southern society in September 1825.
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620:) in Ukraine in 1823. Its never-written program was similar to that of the Southern Society but the main emphasis was on the equal federation of Russia (including Ukraine), Poland,
429:'s early liberal reformation of Russian society and politics. Liberalism was encouraged on an official level, creating high expectations during the period of rapprochement between
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Suspicion also fell on several eminent persons who were on friendly terms with the Decembrist leaders and could have been aware of their clandestine organizations, notably
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While the Northern Society scrambled in the days leading up to the revolt, the Southern Society (based in Tulchin) took a serious blow. The day before (25 December [
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Returning from exile in 1819, Speransky was appointed as the governor of Siberia, with the task of reforming local government. In 1818, the tsar asked
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that slipped on the icy cobbles and retired in disorder. Eventually, at the end of the day, Nicholas ordered three artillery pieces to open fire with
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ammunition to devastating effect. To avoid the slaughter, the rebels broke and ran. Some attempted to regroup on the frozen surface of the river
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land, taking half into state ownership and dividing the rest among the peasants. The Society of United Slavs (also known as the Slavic Union –
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799:На этом месте, 13/25 Июля 1826 года, были казнены Декабристы П. Пестель, К. Рылеев, П. Каховский, С. Муравьев-Апостол, М. Бестужев-Рюмин.
556:. It did not have revolutionary plans and the society was called the Union of Prosperity. It was still considered illegal and similar to
508:. They worked to free any slaves and serfs from all countries in Russia immediately. Pestel and his followers opposed the United States'
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Pestel was supported by Yakushkin when there were rumors that the emperor had intended to transfer the capital from Saint Petersburg to
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533:, or of the Faithful and True Sons of the Fatherland. The society acquired a revolutionary cast after it was joined by the idealistic
1405:Дружинин Н. М. Революционное движение в России в XIX веке. М., 1985. С.323. Нечкина М. В. Движение декабристов. Т.1. М., 1955. С.134.
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After spending most of the day in fruitless attempts to parley with the rebel force, Nicholas ordered a cavalry charge by
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Andrew A. Gentes, "Other Decembrists: The Chizov Case and Lutskii Affair as Signifiers of The Decembrists in Siberia",
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Andrew A. Gentes, "Other Decembrists: The Chizov Case and Lutskii Affair As Signifiers of The Decembrists in Siberia",
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Andrew A. Gentes, "Other Decembrists: The Chizov Case and Lutskii Affair As Signifiers of The Decembrists in Siberia",
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Andrew A. Gentes, "Other Decembrists: The Chizov Case and Lutskii Affair as Signifiers of The Decembrists in Siberia",
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Andrew A. Gentes, "Other Decembrists: The Chizov Case and Lutskii Affair As Signifiers of The Decembrists in Siberia",
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A similar liberal reaction followed the Crimean War in 1854 and resulted in the emancipation of the serfs in 1861.
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in 1820, the society decided to suspend activity in 1821. Two groups, however, continued to function secretly: a
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1110:, whose father served together with Decembrists in Ukraine, wrote a long poem about the Decembrist wives; and
862:. A further 31 Decembrists facing the death penalty were instead imprisoned. Other Decembrists were exiled to
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Soldaty – uchastniki zagovora i vosstaniya dekabristov (Солдаты – участники заговора и восстания декабристов)
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19 November] 1825, the royal guards swore allegiance to the presumed successor, Alexander's brother
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Wives of many Decembrists, as well as some nieces and sisters, followed their husbands into exile. The term
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and Prince Eugene Obolensky. The political aims of the more moderate Northern Society were a British-style
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convinced, when the Ukrainian nobility absolutely rejected a similar project of their military governor.
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The First Russian Revolution, 1825: The Decembrist movement, its origins, development, and significance
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The first Russian revolution, 1825: the Decembrist movement, its origins, development, and significance
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building in the presence of a large civilian crowd. A standoff ensued, during which Nicholas' envoy,
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David Moon. "The Abolition of Serfdom in Russia". Harlow: Pearson Education Limited, 2001. Page xiv
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When Peter introduced a more systematic form of administration in the Russian Empire through the "
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may also have influenced Decembrists, as they did other nations. The constitution written by
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394:. The individuals who participated in the conspiracy and coup attempt became known as the
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Inscription on the monument to the Decembrists at the execution site in Saint Petersburg.
437:. During his early years in the regime, Speransky helped inspire the organization of the
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Rabow-Edling, Susanna (May 2007). "The Decembrists and the Concept of a Civic Nation".
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Baumann, Robert (2009). "The Decembrist Revolt and its Aftermath: Values in Conflict".
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efforts culminated in the Decembrist Revolt. The leaders of the society elected Prince
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1961:]. Translated by Garnett, Constance. New York: The Modern Library. p. 75.
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placed the profiles of executed Decembrists on the cover of his radical periodical
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started writing a novel on that liberal movement, which would later evolve into
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717:, Grenadier Life Guards Regiment, and Naval Equipage of the Guard) assembled in
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1432:"Павел Иванович Пестель | Государственное управление в России в портретах"
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14 December], a group of officers commanding about 3,000 men (elements of
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dissension among its leaders, confronted troops loyal to Nicholas outside the
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1993:, in: Dekabristy i ih vremya (Декабристы и их время), vol. 4. Moscow: VOPSP.
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1213:(3): 21–32 – via Arthur D. Simons Center for Interagency Cooperation.
1082:, and formed the basis for the "Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire" (
652:, i.e. all Slavic & Vlach countries with the exception of Bulgaria and
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Grey, Ian. (1973) "The Decembrists: Russia's First Revolutionaries, 1825"
1538:"Декабрист Евгений Оболенский о подготовке восстания на Сенатской площади"
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Her Sovereign Majesty Empress Maria Theodorovna's Chevalier Guard Regiment
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This article is about the Russian revolt. For the Argentinian revolt, see
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The Shadow of the Winter Palace: Russia's Drift to Revolution, 1825–1917
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and Alexander. The major advocate for reform in Alexander's regime was
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river, as many of the dead, dying, and wounded had been cast into it.
560:. (The small Order of Russian knights, excepting its prominent member
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13 December]), acting on reports of treason, the police arrested
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Russia's Failed Revolutions: From the Decembrists to the Dissidents
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Of all those exiled, the largest group of prisoners was sent to
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804:"At this place, 13/25 July 1826, were executed the Decembrists
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with the rebels. Miloradovich was fatally shot in the back by
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Wars of succession involving the states and peoples of Europe
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revolutionaries, nobles, and military officials, organized a
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Wars of succession involving the states and peoples of Asia
2099:, 294 p. (Translation from the Russian by Cynthia Carlile.)
1876:, 1825 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1937), 256–260
1850:, 1825 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1937), 252–255
1837:, 1825 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1937), 243–247
1717:, 1825 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1937), 231–232
1576:. London: James R. Osgood, McIlvaine & Co. p. 280.
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Conspiracy Against the Tsar: A Portrait of the Decembrists
1743:(Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1974), 303–304
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new tsar) appeared in person at the square and sent Count
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14 December] 1825, following the sudden death of
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Whittock, Michael. "Russia's December Revolution, 1825"
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Notes of Prince S.P. Trubetskoy (Saint Petersburg, 1906)
1657:
1655:
1653:
1863:, 1825 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1937), 259
1824:, 1825 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1937), 244
1772:, 1825 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1937), 243
1730:, 1825 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1937), 233
1704:, 1825 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1937), 228
1647:, 1825 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1937), 213
1634:, 1825 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1937), 227
1445:в 20:42, Александр Федотиков 12 09 2016 (4 July 2020).
628:, Transylvania, Hungary (including Slovakia, Slovenia,
377:, it sought to convince the military that Nicholas was
1691:(Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1974), 209
1678:(Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1974), 274
1590:(Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1974), 210
1382:
The Decembrist Pavel Pestel: Russia's First Republican
689:
When Emperor Alexander I died on 1 December [
1526:Материалы следственного дела С. И. Муравьёва-Апостола
1413:
1411:
1313:"The Declaration of Independence: A View from Russia"
783:
Monument to the Decembrists at the execution site in
412:
373:. To seize control of the government and implement a
279:
583:, in which Pestel was the outstanding figure, and a
291:'Uprising of the Decembrists') was a failed
27:
1825 revolt and attempted coup in the Russian Empire
1447:"Общество соединённых славян – народные декабристы"
737:while delivering a public address, then stabbed by
587:, based at Saint Petersburg, led by guard officers
37:"Decembrist" redirects here. For other uses, see
2124:(Sept 1973), Vol. 23 Issue 9, pp 656–663 online.
1366:"Опыт США и конституционные проекты декабристов"
1150:or a moderate conservatism contrary to the more
745:, led by Lieutenant Nikolay Panov, entered the
477:
48:
1154:, centralizing program of Pavel Pestel or the
1130:(The Decembrists), about the revolt, with the
1052:would continue for almost a century, although
1048:With the failure of the Decembrists, Russia's
624:(including Bessarabia) with the attachment of
2165:Sherman, Russell & Pearce, Robert (2002)
2107:Natasha's Dance: a Cultural History of Russia
1936:"Декабристы: Становление // Николай Троицкий"
1751:
1749:
797:
8:
1252:A People's History of the Russian Revolution
854:leading Decembrists: Pavel Pestel; the poet
616:) was established in Novohrad-Volynsky (now
479:The desirability of granting freedom to the
1463:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1106:addressed poems to his Decembrist friends;
425:At first, many officers were encouraged by
1301:Pestel, quoted in A.G. Mazour (1937), p. 8
910:foot, chained alongside common criminals.
421:Union of Salvation and Union of Prosperity
45:
741:. At the same time, a rebelling squad of
552:created a new charter similar to that of
490:United States Declaration of Independence
347:confusing transition into Nicholas' reign
2227:Online Museum of the Decembrist movement
1885:Arthur Jacobs and Stanley Sadie (1996)
1190:
2174:The Decembrist myth in Russian culture
2021:Nechkina, Militsa (1984, in Russian).
2002:. Stanford University Press. Reissue:
1456:
1274:Sherman, R and Pearce, R (2002) Pg. 23
1067:His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery
1035:On 26 August 1856, with the ascent of
749:but failed to seize it and retreated.
446:Count Nikolay Nikolayevich Novosiltsev
2270:Rebellions against the Russian Empire
1224:Riasanovsky, Nicholas (2 July 2024).
7:
1226:"Ascent to the Throne of Nicholas I"
1200:
1198:
1196:
1194:
435:Count Mikhail Mikhailovich Speransky
117:Decembrists executed or deported to
1987:Gabayev, G. S. (1932, in Russian).
969:, transferred three years later to
709:On the morning of 26 December [
504:. But the Decembrists were against
1311:Bolkhovitinov, Nikolai N. (1999).
1163:, which would subsequently widen.
460:Meanwhile, the experiences of the
25:
674:Decembrist Revolt, a painting by
525:In 1816, several officers of the
32:Decembrist revolution (Argentina)
1379:O'Meara, P. (17 February 2016).
365:to replace the Russian Empire's
219:
208:
198:
188:
178:
142:
62:
1514:The Shadow of the Winter Palace
1501:The Shadow of the Winter Palace
1488:The Shadow of the Winter Palace
1317:The Journal of American History
1254:. Pluto Press. pp. 27–51.
858:; Sergey Muravyov-Apostol; and
529:founded a society known as the
488:Historians have noted that the
475:identified reasons for reform:
448:to draw up a constitution. The
327:Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich
137:Northern Society of Decembrists
68:Decembrists at Peter's Square (
2260:Politics of the Russian Empire
1084:Svod Zakonov Rossiskoy Imperii
520:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
338:14 December] 1825 in
1:
2040:The Russian empire, 1801–1917
1904:www.encyclopediaofukraine.com
1785:, Vol. 13, No. 2, (2007): 139
1759:, Vol. 13, No. 2, (2007): 137
1665:, Vol. 13, No. 2, (2007): 136
1616:, Vol. 13, No. 2, (2007): 135
1603:, Vol. 13, No. 2, (2007): 140
2300:Revolutions during the 1820s
2131:, Stanford University Press.
1953:Dostoyevsky, Fyodor (1879).
1887:The Wordsworth Book of Opera
1874:The First Russian Revolution
1861:The First Russian Revolution
1848:The First Russian Revolution
1835:The First Russian Revolution
1822:The First Russian Revolution
1770:The First Russian Revolution
1728:The First Russian Revolution
1715:The First Russian Revolution
1702:The First Russian Revolution
1645:The First Russian Revolution
1632:The First Russian Revolution
1574:Siberia and the Exile System
1556:The First Russian Revolution
1136:Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy
1058:officially abolished in 1861
506:slavery in the United States
56:Revolutions during the 1820s
2219:Decembrist exile in Siberia
2214:Decembrist exile in Irkutsk
2043:. Oxford University Press.
1124:produced an opera entitled
715:Life-Guards Moscow Regiment
697:. When Konstantin made his
666:Russian interregnum of 1825
579:, a small garrison town in
469:from intellectuals abroad.
413:
280:
39:Decembrist (disambiguation)
2316:
2265:1825 in the Russian Empire
1419:Russia: A Complete History
772:
663:
562:Alexander von Benckendorff
502:United States Constitution
500:was highly similar to the
88:14 December] 1825
36:
29:
2202:Union of Salvation (film)
2190:(Aug 1957) 7#8 pp530–537.
2172:Trigos, Ludmilla. (2009)
2169:, Hodder & Stoughton.
2151:10.1080/00905990701254391
2083:, New York, Viking Press.
1560:Stanford University Press
1395:– via Google Books.
1076:Polnoye Sobraniye Zakonov
803:
798:
775:Chernigov Regiment revolt
550:Mikhail Muravyov-Vilensky
405:
311:on 26 December [
269:
240:
155:
130:
76:
61:
53:
1996:Mazour, Anatole (1937).
1516:. London, Penguin: 13–18
1512:Edward Crankshaw (1978)
1503:. London, Penguin: 15–16
1499:Edward Crankshaw (1978)
1490:. London, Penguin: 14–16
1486:Edward Crankshaw (1978)
1069:, a committee formed to
860:Mikhail Bestuzhev-Ryumin
849:On 15 January [
515:Polish patriotic society
439:Ministry of the Interior
322:Alexander’s brother and
2255:19th-century rebellions
2024:Dekabristy (Декабристы)
1572:Kennan, George (1891).
1250:Faulkner, Neil (2017).
982:Chita, Zabaykalsky Krai
967:Chita, Zabaykalsky Krai
840:Sergey Muravyov-Apostol
678:showing the killing of
597:constitutional monarchy
593:Prince S. P. Trubetskoy
371:constitutional monarchy
299:military and political
1959:The Brothers Karamazov
1174:The Brothers Karamazov
1138:. It premiered at the
985:
893:Decembrists in Siberia
827:
787:
686:
567:After a mutiny in the
527:Imperial Russian Guard
486:
281:Vosstaniye dekabristov
156:Commanders and leaders
84:26 December [
2179:Ulam, Adam B. (1981)
1900:"Decembrist movement"
1811:Figes, O (2002) p. 97
1417:Peter Neville (2003)
979:
897:On 25 July [
883:Aleksander Griboyedov
793:
782:
773:Further information:
673:
644:, the Czech lands of
345:In the midst of this
270:Восстание декабристов
2295:Nicholas I of Russia
2280:December 1825 events
2138:Nationalities Papers
2127:Mazour, A.G. (1937)
1148:classical liberalism
1120:. In the Soviet era
727:Mikhail Miloradovich
680:Mikhail Miloradovich
640:), Croatia, Serbia,
450:abolition of serfdom
388:Mikhail Miloradovich
342:, Saint Petersburg.
226:Mikhail Miloradovich
2097:Progress Publishers
1955:Бра́тья Карама́зовы
1872:Anatole G. Mazour,
1859:Anatole G. Mazour,
1846:Anatole G. Mazour,
1833:Anatole G. Mazour,
1820:Anatole G. Mazour,
1768:Anatole G. Mazour,
1726:Anatole G. Mazour,
1713:Anatole G. Mazour,
1700:Anatole G. Mazour,
1643:Anatole G. Mazour,
1630:Anatole G. Mazour,
1554:Anatole G. Mazour,
1207:InterAgency Journal
1176:(1879), written by
1167:Cultural references
1078:) was presented to
822:M. Bestuzhev-Ryumin
818:S. Muravyov-Apostol
569:Semenovsky Regiment
494:American Revolution
317:Emperor Alexander I
307:. It took place in
113:Government victory
18:Decembrist uprising
2035:Seton-Watson, Hugh
1739:G. R. V. Barratt,
1687:G. R. V. Barratt,
1674:G. R. V. Barratt,
1586:G. R. V. Barratt,
1558:, 1825 (Stanford:
1368:. 3 December 2011.
1339:– via JSTOR.
1178:Fyodor Dostoyevsky
1088:Konstantin Kavelin
1003:Decembrists' wives
986:
828:
788:
706:as interim ruler.
687:
531:Union of Salvation
332:Emperor Nicholas I
70:Georg Wilhelm Timm
2250:Conflicts in 1825
2245:Decembrist revolt
2057:978-0-19-822152-4
2016:978-0-8047-0081-8
1142:on 23 June 1953.
1104:Alexander Pushkin
879:Alexander Pushkin
769:Arrests and trial
739:Yevgeny Obolensky
704:Sergei Trubetskoy
411:
367:autocratic regime
290:
278:
257:Decembrist Revolt
253:
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167:Yevgeny Obolensky
163:Sergei Trubetskoy
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49:Decembrist Revolt
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1096:Alexander Herzen
1011:
887:Aleksey Yermolov
856:Kondraty Ryleyev
825:
801:
800:
796:The text reads:
785:Saint Petersburg
660:At Senate Square
634:Carpatho-Ukraine
585:Northern Society
573:Southern Society
467:reform movements
454:Baltic provinces
427:Tsar Alexander I
416:
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980:Decembrists in
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735:Pyotr Kakhovsky
684:Pyotr Kakhovsky
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599:with a limited
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498:Nikita Muravyov
462:Napoleonic Wars
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2275:Conspiracies
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2222:(in Russian)
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836:Pavel Pestel
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1350:A. Etkind.
1134:written by
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1026:Leo Tolstoy
1018:Dekabristka
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638:Zakarpattia
614:Pan-Slavism
575:, based at
396:Decembrists
293:coup d'état
2239:Categories
2176:(Springer)
2109:, London,
2095:, Moscow,
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1451:histerl.ru
1230:Britannica
1185:References
1156:pan-Slavic
1127:Dekabristi
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810:K. Ryleyev
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554:Tugendbund
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1459:cite news
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