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initiate the molecular changes leading to decidualization. The process triggers an influx of decidual leukocytes along with morphological and functional changes of ESCs. The changes in the ESCs result in the endometrium developing a secretory lining that produces a variety of proteins,
149:. After implantation of the embryo, the decidua further develops to mediate the process of placentation. In the event no embryo is implanted, the decidualized endometrial lining is shed or, as is the case with species that follow the
157:, decidualization is spontaneous and occurs as a result of maternal hormones. In non-menstruating species, decidualization is non-spontaneous, meaning it only happens after there are external signals from an implanted embryo.
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of the mother to prevent treating the fetus as genetically foreign. Outside of their immune functions, the uNK cells and dendritic cells also act as regulators of maternal spiral artery remodeling and ESC differentiation.
138:, a membrane between the fetal and maternal tissues, and allows for nutrient and gas exchange. However, decidualization-like reactions have also been observed in some species that don't display hemochorial placentation.
243:. The increased production of these ECM proteins turns the endometrium into the dense structure known as the decidua, which produces factors that promote trophoblast attachment and inhibit overly aggressive invasion.
734:
Edmondson, Nadeen; Bocking, Alan; Machin, Geoffrey; Rizek, Rose; Watson, Carole; Keating, Sarah (2008-01-02). "The
Prevalence of Chronic Deciduitis in Cases of Preterm Labor without Clinical Chorioamnionitis".
266:
The decidual reaction occurs only in humans and a few other species. The decidual reaction and decidua are not required for implantation. Evidence can be taken from the fact that in
559:
Blois, Sandra M.; Klapp, Burghard F.; Barrientos, Gabriela (2011). "Decidualization and angiogenesis in early pregnancy: unravelling the functions of DC and NK cells".
178:. These secreted factors will regulate the invasiveness of trophoblast cells that eventually form the placental connection if an embryo implants into the decidua.
320:(cAMP) to act as the initial signalling molecule to sensitize endometrial cells to progesterone. Consequently, human ESCs have been decidualized in culture with
489:
Brosens, Jan J.; Pijnenborg, Robert; Brosens, Ivo A. (November 2002). "The myometrial junctional zone spiral arteries in normal and abnormal pregnancies".
211:
ESCs are the connective tissue cells of the endometrium that are fibroblastic in appearance. However, decidualization causes them to swell up and adopt an
597:
Gellersen, Birgit; Brosens, Ivo; Brosens, Jan (2007-11-01). "Decidualization of the Human
Endometrium: Mechanisms, Functions, and Clinical Perspectives".
524:
Lash, G.E.; Robson, S.C.; Bulmer, J.N. (March 2010). "Review: Functional role of uterine natural killer (uNK) cells in human early pregnancy decidua".
99:(leukocytes), and vascular changes to maternal arteries. The sum of these changes results in the endometrium changing into a structure called the
259:. It consists of an increase in secretory functions of the endometrium at the area of implantation, as well as a surrounding stroma that becomes
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decidualization results in similar morphological changes to the human ESCs as well as upregulated production of decidualization markers such as
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cells. It also triggers the production of cellular and molecular factors that result in structural changes, or remodeling, of maternal
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Mouse models have been extensively used for the identification of the molecular factors required for and involved in decidualization.
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One of the identifying features of the decidua is the presence of large numbers of leukocytes that are mostly made up of specialized
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droplets. Furthermore, they begin secreting cytokines, growth factors, and proteins like
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The decidual reaction is seen in very early pregnancy in the generalized area where the
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uterine tissue growth. Lack of decidualization has also been linked to higher rates of
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The decidualization process is initiated by progesterone, but this requires
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Abnormalities in decidualization have been implicated in diseases such as
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134:. This allows maternal blood to come into direct contact with the fetal
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122:. Decidualization is required in some mammalian species where embryo
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Sectional plan of the gravid uterus in the third and fourth month.
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is a process that results in significant changes to cells of the
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between a mother and her fetus by mediating the invasiveness of
95:) to endometrial stromal cells (ESCs), the presence of decidual
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Emera, Deena; Romero, Roberto; Wagner, Günter (2011-11-07).
643:; page 67. Juta Academic; 3rd edition (September 5, 2008).
91:. This includes morphological and functional changes (the
198:, the decidual leukocytes play a role in suppressing the
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cell invasion of the endometrium occurs, also known as
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Decidualization plays an important role in promoting
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685:Gellersen, Birgit; Brosens, Jan J. (2014-08-20).
405:Kurjak, Asim; Chervenak, Frank A. (2006-09-25).
215:cell-like appearance due to the accumulation of
788:"Endometrial Decidualization: Of Mice and Men"
408:Textbook of Perinatal Medicine, Second Edition
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662:"Baby Who Developed Outside The Womb Is Born"
491:American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
286:, in which impaired decidualization leads to
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60:Micrograph showing decidualization of the
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860:Histopathology Uterus – Decidual reaction
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141:In humans, decidualization occurs after
103:. In humans, the decidua is shed during
16:Physiological process in the endometrium
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862:Microscopic review of decidualization
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304:of the decidua, has been linked with
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660:Nordqvist, Christian (29 May 2011).
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165:After ovulation, the high levels of
324:of cAMP and progesterone together.
561:Journal of Reproductive Immunology
188:uterine natural killer (uNK) cells
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792:Seminars in Reproductive Medicine
599:Seminars in Reproductive Medicine
207:Endometrial stromal cells (ESCs)
87:in preparation for, and during,
538:10.1016/j.placenta.2009.12.022
318:cyclic adenosine monophosphate
278:Role in diseases and disorders
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1205:Gynaecological endocrinology
381:Review of Medical Embryology
1173:Splanchnopleuric mesenchyme
1118:Splanchnopleuric mesenchyme
897:Human embryonic development
639:T. F. Kruger, M. H. Botha.
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378:Pansky, Ben (1982-08-01).
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255:contacts the endometrial
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1178:Somatopleuric mesenchyme
1090:Somatopleuric mesenchyme
899:in the first three weeks
132:hemochorial placentation
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235:(ECM) proteins such as
70:oral contraceptive pill
1062:Regional specification
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450:10.1002/bies.201100099
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40:Anatomical terminology
1168:Intraembryonic coelom
611:10.1055/s-2007-991042
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749:10.2350/07-04-0270.1
704:10.1210/er.2014-1045
641:Clinical Gynaecology
233:extracellular matrix
155:menstruating species
847:Implantation stages
268:ectopic pregnancies
182:Decidual leukocytes
852:2021-09-27 at the
666:Medical News Today
298:Chronic deciduitis
112:placenta formation
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97:white blood cells
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312:In research
292:miscarriage
237:fibronectin
145:during the
128:trophoblast
116:trophoblast
85:endometrium
62:endometrium
1199:Categories
1151:Somitomere
1038:Blastopore
1002:Trilaminar
952:Blastocyst
947:Blastocoel
942:Cavitation
932:Blastomere
671:2014-10-20
649:0702173053
362:References
253:blastocyst
213:epithelial
105:childbirth
984:Hypoblast
975:Bilaminar
812:1526-8004
757:1093-5266
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438:BioEssays
336:prolactin
261:edematous
229:prolactin
190:and some
172:cytokines
143:ovulation
89:pregnancy
1141:Paraxial
1128:Mesoderm
1110:Endoderm
1072:Ectoderm
1050:Gastrula
989:Epiblast
927:Cleavage
850:Archived
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345:See also
327:In vitro
217:glycogen
161:Overview
998:Week 3
971:Week 2
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351:Decidua
288:ectopic
257:decidua
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