332:. Next a vacuum is applied, perhaps to attain a vacuum of 1 mm Hg (for illustrative purposes). The flask is sealed from the vacuum source, and the frozen solvent is allowed to thaw. Often, bubbles appears upon melting. The process is typically repeated a total of three cycles. The degree of degassing is expressed by the equation (1/760) for the case of initial pressure being 760 mm Hg, the vacuum being 1 mm Hg, and the total number of cycles being three.
25:
210:. This method has the advantage of being able to prevent redissolution of the gas, so it is used to produce very pure solvents. New applications are in inkjet systems where gas in the ink forms bubbles that degrade print quality, a degassing unit is placed prior to the print head to remove gas and prevent the buildup of bubbles keeping good jetting and print quality.
225:
Ultrasonic liquid processors are a commonly used method for removing dissolved gasses and/or entrained gas bubbles from various of liquids. The advantage of this method is that that ultrasonic degassing can be done in a continuous-flow mode, which makes it suitable for commercial-scale production.
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Ultrasonication and stirring during thermal regulation are also effective. This method needs no special apparatus and is easy to conduct. In some cases, however, the solvent and the solute decompose, react with each other, or evaporate at high temperature, and the rate of removal is less
193:
Generally speaking, an aqueous solvent dissolves less gas at higher temperature, and vice versa for organic solvents (provided the solute and solvent do not react). Consequently, heating an aqueous solution can expel dissolved gas, whereas cooling an organic solution has the same effect.
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Under vacuum, an equilibrium between the content of moisture and air (solved gases) in the liquid and gaseous phase is achieved. The equilibrium depends on the temperature and the residual pressure. The lower that pressure, the faster and more efficiently are water and gas removed.
206:
Gas-liquid separation membranes allow gas but not liquid to pass through. Flowing a solution inside a gas-liquid separation membrane and evacuating outside makes the dissolved gas go out through the
147:), or when bubble formation at solid-liquid interfaces becomes a problem. The formation of gas bubbles when a liquid is frozen can also be undesirable, necessitating degassing beforehand.
268:, the solution is stirred vigorously and bubbled for a long time. Because helium is not very soluble in most liquids, it is particularly useful to reduce the risk of bubbles in
316:. The latter method is particularly useful because a high concentration of ketyl radical generates a deep blue colour, indicating the solvent is fully degassed.
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can also be used for removing both oxygen and water from inert solvents such as hydrocarbons and ethers; the degassed solvent can be separated by
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Bubbling a solution with a high-purity (typically inert) gas can pull out undesired (typically reactive) dissolved gases such as
591:"Shallow-ocean methane leakage and degassing to the atmosphere: triggered by offshore oil-gas and methane hydrate explorations"
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barrels for months and sometimes years allows gases to be released from the wine and escape into the air through air-locks.
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Duward F. Shriver and M. A. Drezdzon "The
Manipulation of Air-Sensitive Compounds" 1986, J. Wiley and Sons: New York.
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and stirring under reduced pressure can usually enhance the efficiency. This technique is often referred to as
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136:, especially water or aqueous solutions. There are numerous methods for removing gases from liquids.
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347:, carbon dioxide is an undesired by-product for most wines. If the wine is bottled quickly after
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D.J. Hucknall (1991). Vacuum
Technology and Applications. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd.
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Giancarlo
Ciotoli; Monia Procesi; Giuseppe Etiope; Umberto Fracassi; Guido Ventura (2020).
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can also contribute to methane release from the ocean floor. In both cases, the volume of
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processing, which removes air and water solved in the oil. This can be achieved by:
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Unintended degassing can happen for various reasons, such as accidental release of
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ions. Although this method can be applied only to oxygen and involves the risk of
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when the compounds they are working on are possibly air- or oxygen-sensitive (
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distributing the oil into a thin layer over special surfaces (spiral rings,
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In this laboratory-scale technique, the fluid to be degassed is placed in a
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of the solute, the dissolved oxygen is almost totally eliminated. The ketyl
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is frequently used as a reductant because it reacts with oxygen to form
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Gases are removed for various reasons. Chemists remove gases from
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is sometimes effective. For example, especially in the field of
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dissolved gases. Below are methods for more selective removal.
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their wines prior to bottling. Storing the wines in steel or
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For separation of gaseous hydrocarbons from crude oil, see
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https://www.sonomechanics.com/liquid-degassing-deaeration/
179:, are used to degas materials through pressure reduction.
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The most efficient method of industrial oil degassing is
351:, it is important to degas the wine before bottling.
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uses sugar to produce alcohol and carbon dioxide. In
264:are commonly used. To maximize this process called
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
354:Wineries can skip the degassing process if they
435:released can be a significant contributor to
422:underwater exploration by the energy industry
280:If oxygen should be removed, the addition of
175:. Specialized vacuum chambers, called vacuum
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466:(includes geological and volcanic emissions)
213:The above three methods are used to remove
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385:spraying of oil in large vacuum chambers;
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
535:"Freeze-Pump-Thaw Degassing of Liquids"
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16:Removal of dissolved gases from liquids
270:high-performance liquid chromatography
7:
521:"Degassing electrorheological fluid"
47:adding citations to reliable sources
589:Zhang Yong; Zhai Wei-Dong (2015).
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328:and flash-frozen, usually with
34:needs additional citations for
420:during human activity such as
128:, is the removal of dissolved
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424:. Natural processes such as
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608:10.3389/fmars.2015.00034
542:University of Washington
475:Polymer devolatilization
392:etc) in vacuum chambers.
320:Freeze-pump-thaw cycling
426:tectonic plate movement
202:Membrane degasification
493:Degassing of Liquids:
693:Gas-liquid separation
688:Laboratory techniques
629:Nature Communications
276:Addition of reductant
230:Sparging by inert gas
173:vacuum degasification
401:Unintended degassing
236:Sparging (chemistry)
221:Ultrasonic degassing
43:improve this article
642:2020NatCo..11.2305C
449:Degas conductivity
183:Thermal regulation
151:Pressure reduction
145:air-free technique
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99:November 2016
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41:Please help
36:verification
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636:(1): 2305.
416:) from the
262:inert gases
161:Henry's law
58:"Degassing"
682:Categories
481:References
464:Outgassing
345:winemaking
282:reductants
260:and other
234:See also:
187:See also:
169:Sonication
157:solubility
69:newspapers
298:reduction
189:Deaerator
177:degassers
122:Degassing
668:32385247
443:See also
266:sparging
250:Nitrogen
208:membrane
141:solvents
659:7210894
638:Bibcode
407:methane
302:radical
294:sulfate
134:liquids
83:scholar
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601:: 34.
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418:seabed
379:vacuum
306:sodium
258:helium
242:oxygen
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538:(PDF)
341:Yeast
304:from
254:argon
132:from
130:gases
90:JSTOR
76:books
664:PMID
573:ISBN
556:ISBN
308:and
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155:The
62:news
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