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562:{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\mathrm {degrees\ Baum{\acute {e}}} &={\begin{cases}\displaystyle 145\left(1-{\frac {1}{\text{s.g.}}}\right)&{\text{for density greater than water}}\\\displaystyle {\frac {140}{\text{s.g.}}}-130&{\text{for density lesser than water}}\end{cases}}\\{\text{s.g.}}&={\begin{cases}\displaystyle {\frac {145}{145-{\text{degrees Baum}}\mathrm {\acute {e}} }}&{\text{for density greater than water}}\\\displaystyle {\frac {140}{130+{\text{degrees Baum}}\mathrm {\acute {e}} }}&{\text{for density lesser than water}}\end{cases}}\end{aligned}}}
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697:{\displaystyle {\text{s.g.}}={\begin{cases}\displaystyle {\frac {144}{144-{\text{degrees Baum}}\mathrm {\acute {e}} }}&{\text{for density greater than water}}\\\displaystyle {\frac {144}{134+{\text{degrees Baum}}\mathrm {\acute {e}} }}&{\text{for density lesser than water}}\end{cases}}}
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to water) and degrees Baumé is a function of the temperature. Different versions of the scale may use different reference temperatures. Different conversions formulae can therefore be found in various handbooks.
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Thus, the system could be understood as representing a practical spectrum of the density of liquids between −100 and 100, with values near 0 being the approximate density of water.
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and simply Baumé (the accent is not always present). One scale measures the density of liquids heavier than water and the other, liquids lighter than water. The Baumé of
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Baumé degrees (heavy) originally represented the percent by mass of sodium chloride in water at 60 °F (16 °C). Baumé degrees (light) was calibrated with 0
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industry, winemaking, industrial water treatment, metal finishing, and printed circuit board (PCB) fabrication. It is also used for caustic in refining process.
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As an example, a 2008 handbook states the conversions between specific gravity and degrees Baumé at a temperature of 60 °F (16 °C):
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Because of vague instructions or errors in translation a large margin of error was introduced when the scale was adopted. The
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scale is a result of adapting to the subsequent errors from the Baumé scale. The Baumé scale is related to the
Balling,
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Smithells, Colin J. and Al. 'Metals
Reference Book', London Butterworths Scientific Publications, 1949. Page 41
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for the measurement of density of liquids. Today the Baumé scale is still used in various industries such as
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818:'Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook (8th Edition)', McGraw-Hill, 2008. Table 1-13 (page 1-19).
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An older handbook gives the following formulae (no reference temperature being mentioned):
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Please expand the section to include this information. Further details may exist on the
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The numerator in the specific gravity calculation is commonly known as the "modulus".
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The relationship between specific gravity (s.g.; i.e., water-specific gravity, the
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This definition, with two different moduli, is the
American standard of Baumé.
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of various liquids. The unit of the Baumé scale has been notated variously as
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NIST source refers to the 144-based heavy scale as "Holland" or "old".
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scale is based on errors in early implementations of the Baumé scale.
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Boulton, Roger; Vernon
Singleton; Linda Bisson; Ralph Kunkee (1996).
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220:°Bé (light) being the density of 10% NaCl in water by mass and 10
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the Baumé scale was generally used in industrial chemistry and
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about how the scales are merged -- source NIST65 may be useful.
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856:"59. UNITED STATES STANDARD BAUME HYDROMETER SCALES"
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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239:fluids known (except some liquid metals), such as
257:°Bé (specific gravity, 0.615) would be among the
235:°Bé (specific gravity, 3.325) would be among the
250:°Bé would be approximately the density of water.
27:Tool used for measuring the density of liquids
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224:°Bé (light) set to the density of water.
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
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891:Principles and Practices of Winemaking
140:scales developed by French pharmacist
839:"NEW BAUME SCALE FOR SUGAR SOLUTIONS"
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227:Consider, at near room temperature:
58:adding citations to reliable sources
863:CIRCULAR OF THE Bureau of Standards
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261:fluids known, such as liquid
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191:is missing information
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189:This section
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150:degrees Baumé
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142:Antoine Baumé
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136:is a pair of
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69:"Baumé scale"
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65:Find sources:
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43:This article
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746:pharmacology
742:World War II
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708:Other scales
661:degrees Baum
616:degrees Baum
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522:degrees Baum
477:degrees Baum
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110:October 2010
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52:Please help
47:verification
44:
18:Degree Baumé
714:API gravity
273:Conversions
172:Definitions
166:API gravity
134:Baumé scale
909:Categories
806:References
766:Brix scale
164:is 0. The
138:hydrometer
80:newspapers
671:´
626:´
612:−
532:´
487:´
473:−
418:−
377:−
343:´
197:talk page
915:Oenology
760:See also
259:lightest
237:densest
146:density
94:scholar
898:
822:
754:starch
322:
263:butane
255:
248:
246:Near 0
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859:(PDF)
842:(PDF)
777:Notes
724:and '
722:Plato
101:JSTOR
87:books
896:ISBN
820:ISBN
718:Brix
587:s.g.
444:s.g.
413:s.g.
385:s.g.
253:−100
231:+100
132:The
73:news
732:Use
654:134
650:144
609:144
605:144
515:130
511:140
470:145
466:145
421:130
410:140
366:145
158:Bé°
56:by
911::
861:.
830:^
720:,
156:,
154:B°
152:,
668:e
657:+
623:e
596:{
591:=
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457:{
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370:(
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354:=
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325:B
319:s
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