233:
festivals, sacrifices, or theatre performances. As chief magistrate he also possessed considerable judicial powers, including holding his outgoing predecessor to account, and chairing the assembly when it was functioning as a public court. In the event that the deme as a whole was involved in a court case, he was responsible for representing it before the
232:
were to convene and chair the local assembly, and supervise the execution of its resolutions, as well as their engraving in public view. Along with the treasurers he supervised the deme's landed properties and their rent, as well as expenditure; along with the priests he was responsible for religious
341:. It is unclear whether it was held by a single person or a college of holders. The office survived into the Roman period, where it was reduced to a largely symbolic role supervising public religious acts and festivals. Its holders included the
213:; these too eventually came to be elected by lot from among the entire Athenian citizen body. In some demes, the office was eponymous, i.e. it was used for dating, along with the names of the
1336:
493:
were restricted to
Constantinople and were reduced to a purely ceremonial role as integral parts of the administration: their personnel had court ranks, and were paid salaries by the
467:). The Blues and Greens were the most important, with the Whites and Reds as their respective junior partners. In Late Antiquity, they were widespread across the
274:
service. He also had fiscal duties, supervising confiscations and maintaining the registers of confiscated property, as well as collecting (before 387/86 BC) the
1363:
878:
110:. Largely concerned with ceremonial in the early centuries, from the 11th century the title was applied to various administrative positions in
1295:
1373:
839:
597:
1286:
472:
107:
539:
1265:
The
Imperial Administrative System of the Ninth Century – With a Revised Text of the Kletorologion of Philotheos
564:
119:
471:, and even played an important political role, both as leading ceremonial acclamations to the emperor in the
1368:
535:
929:
484:
367:
604:
conductors, whereas G. Manojlovic considered them as military commanders of a militia recruited by the
1305:
769:
512:
of 899, only the Blues and Greens survived, separated further into those "of the city" (πολιτικοὶ,
399:
187:), initially by direct vote, but by the end of the 4th century, he was usually elected by lot. The
53:
262:), which he kept sealed at his own residence, as well as registers of those citizens eligible for
874:
270:. It is unclear whether he was also responsible for maintaining registers of those eligible for
873:. The continuity with their 9th–10th century forebears is unclear. The title survived into the
1291:
1281:
1269:
618:
381:
277:
214:
181:. The office lasted for one year, and was elected from the members of the deme (the δημώται,
1322:
468:
136:
99:
87:
31:
633:
387:
93:
1263:
877:, charged with various administrative duties in Constantinople: according to a letter of
904:
585:), but this is most likely an anachronism. In popular usage, they are sometimes called
480:
430:
342:
174:
111:
83:
75:
44:
1357:
834:
575:
507:
475:, and as organizing factors in urban riots in the empire's great cities, notably the
440:
439:) came to be used for the associations responsible for the organization of games and
393:
263:
925:
are mentioned as following behind those of all the other officials in processions.
250:, he was also charged with maintaining up to date the deme's register of citizens (
1326:
596:
Their exact role is unclear: in view of their ceremonial role in later centuries,
74:, is a title historically given to officials related to civic administration. In
888:
868:
496:
476:
244:
Occupying a crucial position at the interface between the deme and the
Athenian
178:
1273:
1259:
206:
1312:(in French). Paris: Editions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.
832:
The actual personnel of the
Hippodrome were not part of their staff. In the
588:
106:
was the leader of one of the racing factions (then known as "demes") of the
984:
982:
860:
443:. There were usually four, known by their colours as the Blues (Βένετοι,
303:
114:, until the end of the empire. In modern usage, the term is used for the
625:
356:
309:
271:
267:
236:
194:
17:
857:
that appear in seals also hold offices in the administration, such as
933:
920:
914:
898:
892:
882:
866:
858:
852:
843:
823:
802:
790:
784:
767:
752:
740:
725:
713:
698:
686:
655:
639:
631:
623:
611:
605:
601:
586:
569:
557:
543:
542:
for the Greens. All of these were grouped under the generic label of
529:
523:
513:
505:
494:
488:
462:
456:
450:
444:
434:
411:
336:
330:
326:
317:
313:
301:
295:
275:
257:
245:
234:
227:
218:
210:
198:
188:
182:
168:
156:
140:
59:
1151:, "Demarchos" (A. Kazhdan, M. McCormick, A.-M. Talbot), pp. 602–603.
1035:
1033:
78:
the title was given to the elected chief magistrate of each of the
345:
291:
200:
115:
86:. In later literature, the term was used as a translation of the
335:
was originally an important office, standing at the head of the
146:
79:
63:
534:, a role which was entrusted to senior military officials: the
1167:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1157:
908:
903:) of the city. In the mid-14th century book of ceremonies of
817:
808:
796:
778:
761:
746:
734:
719:
707:
692:
680:
649:
405:
251:
162:
150:
1340:. Band IV, Halbband 8, Corniscae–Demodoros. col. 2706–2712.
380:
Greek writers also commonly used the term to translate the
1349:(in French). Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.
1184:
1182:
1180:
891:
and bread production, while later in the 14th century the
1317:
Rhodes, Peter J.; Tinnefeld, Franz (2008). "Demarchos".
1310:
Les listes de préséance byzantines des IXe et Xe siècles
392:, probably influenced by the title's use in Naples and
1337:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1115:
1113:
308:, possibly charged with judicial matters, whereas in
562:
is first securely attested in 602. The 10th-century
622:and seals of office, holding the dignities such as
366:). The office survived at least until the time of
1290:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
1100:
1098:
1096:
974:
848:are recorded, as well as for their subalterns.
616:was a government official, as attested in the
145:was the highest magistrate in each of the 139
1334:von Schoeffer, Valerian (1901). "Demarchoi".
1087:
1075:
1063:
1051:
1039:
1024:
1012:
1000:
988:
953:
8:
644:records their staff of subaltern officials:
1231:
1171:
789:), specifically the officials known as the
661:
397:
385:
91:
329:, originally a Greek colony in Italy, the
1107:, "Factions" (M. McCormick), pp. 773–774.
938:assumed the role of military commanders.
1243:
879:Patriarch Athanasius I of Constantinople
730:) for the acclamations during ceremonies
1203:, "Geitoniarches" (A. Kazhdan), p. 826.
946:
487:and the crisis of the 7th century, the
322:was responsible for religious affairs.
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
842:, the ceremonies of promotion for the
887:were responsible for supervising the
7:
1219:
1188:
1119:
970:
968:
966:
964:
962:
1268:. London: Oxford University Press.
282:tax from property-owning citizens.
1347:Pseudo-Kodinos, Traité des Offices
1287:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
801:) of the Blues and Greens and the
25:
774:), whose exact duties are unclear
522:, and the "suburban" (περατικοὶ,
294:in the 6th century BC, where the
1364:Administration of Constantinople
840:Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos
1200:
1148:
1104:
881:(1289–1293 and 1303–1309), two
580:
372:
361:
350:
290:The office is also attested in
197:was initially appointed by the
760:a 'neighbourhood supervisor' (
610:. By the mid-9th century, the
394:other Greek cities of the area
30:For people with the name, see
1:
1327:10.1163/1574-9347_bnp_e314030
930:final siege of Constantinople
1345:Verpeaux, Jean, ed. (1966).
934:
921:
915:
899:
893:
883:
867:
859:
853:
844:
824:
803:
791:
785:
768:
753:
741:
726:
714:
699:
687:
656:
640:
638:in the court hierarchy. The
632:
624:
612:
606:
587:
570:
558:
544:
530:
524:
514:
506:
495:
489:
473:Hippodrome of Constantinople
463:
457:
451:
445:
435:
412:
337:
331:
318:
302:
300:was appointed alongside the
296:
276:
258:
246:
235:
228:
226:The responsibilities of the
219:
199:
189:
183:
169:
157:
141:
108:Hippodrome of Constantinople
975:Rhodes & Tinnefeld 2008
897:administered the quarters (
27:Official title in antiquity
1390:
909:
818:
809:
797:
779:
762:
747:
735:
720:
708:
693:
681:
650:
540:Domestic of the Excubitors
406:
252:
163:
151:
29:
851:In the 11th century, the
600:suggested that they were
48:
813:) of the Whites and Reds
757:), whose role is obscure
745:) and the 'first ones' (
565:Patria of Constantinople
259:lēxiarchikon grammateion
66:'; plural δήμαρχοι,
1374:Ancient Athenian titles
538:for the Blues, and the
536:Domestic of the Schools
253:ληξιαρχικόν γραμματεῖον
816:the ordinary members (
461:), and Reds (Ῥούσιοι,
398:
386:
92:
552:History and functions
483:. However, after the
449:), Greens (Πράσινοι,
368:Constantine the Great
177:after the reforms of
1306:Oikonomides, Nicolas
433:, the term "demes" (
205:(i.e., the Athenian
1234:, pp. 326–327.
1191:, pp. 105–106.
455:), Whites (Λευκοὶ,
400:tribunicia potestas
1282:Kazhdan, Alexander
1088:von Schoeffer 1901
1076:von Schoeffer 1901
1064:von Schoeffer 1901
1054:, cols. 2709–2710.
1052:von Schoeffer 1901
1040:von Schoeffer 1901
1025:von Schoeffer 1901
1015:, cols. 2707–2708.
1013:von Schoeffer 1901
1001:von Schoeffer 1901
991:, cols. 2706–2707.
989:von Schoeffer 1901
954:von Schoeffer 1901
875:Palaiologan period
718:) and a composer (
413:dēmarchikē exousia
404:was thus rendered
382:Roman magistrature
209:), as was that of
1319:Brill's New Pauly
777:the charioteers (
619:Taktikon Uspensky
504:According to the
407:δημαρχικὴ ἐξουσία
266:as rowers in the
215:eponymous archons
173:) that comprised
70:), anglicized as
57:
16:(Redirected from
1381:
1350:
1341:
1330:
1321:. Brill Online.
1313:
1301:
1277:
1247:
1241:
1235:
1232:Oikonomides 1972
1229:
1223:
1217:
1204:
1198:
1192:
1186:
1175:
1172:Oikonomides 1972
1169:
1152:
1146:
1123:
1117:
1108:
1102:
1091:
1085:
1079:
1073:
1067:
1061:
1055:
1049:
1043:
1037:
1028:
1022:
1016:
1010:
1004:
998:
992:
986:
977:
972:
957:
951:
937:
924:
918:
912:
911:
902:
896:
886:
872:
864:
856:
847:
827:
821:
820:
812:
811:
806:
800:
799:
794:
788:
782:
781:
773:
765:
764:
756:
750:
749:
744:
738:
737:
729:
723:
722:
717:
711:
710:
702:
696:
695:
691:) and a notary (
690:
684:
683:
675:
672:
669:
666:
663:
659:
653:
652:
643:
637:
629:
615:
609:
592:
584:
582:
573:
561:
547:
533:
527:
517:
511:
500:
492:
485:Muslim conquests
469:Byzantine Empire
466:
460:
454:
448:
438:
415:
409:
408:
403:
391:
376:
374:
365:
363:
354:
352:
340:
334:
321:
307:
299:
281:
261:
255:
254:
249:
240:
231:
222:
204:
192:
186:
172:
166:
165:
160:
154:
153:
144:
137:Classical Athens
100:Byzantine Empire
97:
52:
50:
32:Demarchos (name)
21:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1379:
1378:
1354:
1353:
1344:
1333:
1316:
1304:
1298:
1280:
1258:
1255:
1250:
1242:
1238:
1230:
1226:
1218:
1207:
1199:
1195:
1187:
1178:
1170:
1155:
1147:
1126:
1118:
1111:
1103:
1094:
1086:
1082:
1074:
1070:
1062:
1058:
1050:
1046:
1038:
1031:
1023:
1019:
1011:
1007:
999:
995:
987:
980:
973:
960:
952:
948:
944:
907:, the banners (
673:
670:
667:
664:
634:prōtospatharios
579:
554:
427:
422:
420:Byzantine usage
388:tribunus plebis
371:
360:
349:
288:
133:
128:
94:tribunus plebis
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1387:
1385:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1369:Ancient Attica
1366:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1342:
1331:
1314:
1302:
1296:
1284:, ed. (1991).
1278:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1248:
1246:, p. 196.
1236:
1224:
1222:, p. 106.
1205:
1193:
1176:
1174:, p. 326.
1153:
1124:
1122:, p. 105.
1109:
1092:
1080:
1068:
1056:
1044:
1029:
1017:
1005:
993:
978:
958:
945:
943:
940:
905:pseudo-Kodinos
830:
829:
814:
775:
758:
731:
704:
677:
671:the second one
583: 408–450
553:
550:
481:Constantinople
431:Late Antiquity
426:
423:
421:
418:
375: 306–337
364: 117–138
343:Roman emperors
287:
284:
217:of the entire
132:
129:
127:
126:Ancient Greece
124:
112:Constantinople
76:ancient Athens
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1386:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1348:
1343:
1339:
1338:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1297:0-19-504652-8
1293:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1261:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1245:
1244:Verpeaux 1966
1240:
1237:
1233:
1228:
1225:
1221:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1081:
1077:
1072:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1018:
1014:
1009:
1006:
1002:
997:
994:
990:
985:
983:
979:
976:
971:
969:
967:
965:
963:
959:
955:
950:
947:
941:
939:
936:
932:in 1453, the
931:
926:
923:
917:
906:
901:
895:
890:
885:
880:
876:
871:
870:
863:
862:
855:
849:
846:
841:
837:
836:
835:De ceremoniis
826:
815:
805:
793:
787:
776:
772:
771:
770:geitoniarchēs
759:
755:
743:
732:
728:
716:
705:
701:
689:
688:chartoularios
679:a secretary (
678:
658:
647:
646:
645:
642:
641:Klētorologion
636:
635:
628:
627:
621:
620:
614:
608:
603:
599:
594:
593:(διοικηταὶ).
591:
590:
577:
576:Theodosius II
572:
568:refer to two
567:
566:
560:
556:The title of
551:
549:
546:
541:
537:
532:
526:
521:
516:
510:
509:
508:Klētorologion
502:
499:
498:
491:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
465:
459:
453:
447:
442:
441:chariot races
437:
432:
424:
419:
417:
414:
402:
401:
395:
390:
389:
383:
378:
369:
358:
347:
344:
339:
333:
328:
323:
320:
315:
311:
306:
305:
298:
293:
285:
283:
280:
279:
273:
269:
265:
264:naval service
260:
248:
242:
239:
238:
230:
224:
221:
216:
212:
208:
203:
202:
196:
191:
185:
180:
176:
171:
159:
148:
143:
138:
130:
125:
123:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
96:
95:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
55:
46:
42:
41:
33:
19:
1346:
1335:
1318:
1309:
1285:
1264:
1239:
1227:
1196:
1090:, col. 2712.
1083:
1078:, col. 2711.
1071:
1066:, col. 2710.
1059:
1047:
1042:, col. 2709.
1027:, col. 2708.
1020:
1008:
1003:, col. 2707.
996:
956:, col. 2706.
949:
927:
850:
833:
831:
810:μικροπανίτης
804:mikropanitēs
798:φακτιονάριος
792:faktionarios
763:γειτονιάρχης
682:χαρτουλάριος
617:
598:Alan Cameron
595:
563:
555:
519:
503:
428:
379:
353: 79–81
324:
289:
243:
225:
134:
120:municipality
103:
88:Roman office
71:
67:
39:
38:
36:
1260:Bury, J. B.
928:During the
889:grain trade
869:logariastēs
838:of Emperor
528:), under a
518:), under a
497:praipositos
477:Nika revolt
396:. The term
286:Other usage
223:of Athens.
179:Cleisthenes
1358:Categories
1274:1046639111
942:References
754:ta prōteia
748:τὰ πρωτεῖα
733:a master (
657:deutereuōn
651:δευτερεύων
648:a deputy (
545:dēmokratai
531:dēmokratēs
425:Background
207:city-state
1220:Bury 1911
1189:Bury 1911
1120:Bury 1911
935:dēmarchoi
922:dēmarchoi
919:) of the
916:phlamoula
900:geitoniai
894:dēmarchoi
884:dēmarchoi
854:dēmarchoi
845:dēmarchoi
786:hēniochoi
613:dēmarchos
589:dioikētai
571:dēmarchoi
559:dēmarchos
525:peratikoi
520:dēmarchos
515:politikoi
332:dēmarchos
319:dēmarchos
297:dēmarchos
229:dēmarchos
190:dēmarchos
142:dēmarchos
104:dēmarchos
98:. In the
68:dēmarchoi
40:dēmarchos
1308:(1972).
1262:(1911).
910:φλάμουλα
861:symponos
727:melistēs
721:μελιστής
706:a poet (
700:notarios
694:νοτάριος
464:Rhousioi
452:Prasinoi
304:basileus
278:eisphora
268:triremes
161:, sing.
49:δήμαρχος
1253:Sources
825:dēmōtai
819:δημῶται
780:ἡνίοχοι
715:poiētēs
709:ποιητής
665:
626:hypatos
446:Venetoi
357:Hadrian
310:Eretria
272:hoplite
237:Heliaia
195:Piraeus
184:dēmotai
72:Demarch
62:of the
56:
18:Demarch
1294:
1272:
742:archōn
602:claque
574:under
458:Leukoi
355:) and
327:Naples
314:Euboea
211:Oropus
175:Attica
139:, the
131:Athens
84:Attica
60:archon
736:ἅρχων
607:dēmoi
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346:Titus
338:polis
292:Chios
247:polis
220:polis
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170:dēmos
164:δήμος
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152:δήμοι
147:demes
118:of a
116:mayor
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45:Greek
1292:ISBN
1270:OCLC
865:and
662:lit.
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384:of
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325:In
312:on
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90:of
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