436:, and the abduction of US soldiers. Gezmiş, Yusuf Aslan and İnan were sentenced to death on 9 October for violating the Turkish Criminal Code's 146th article, which concerns attempts to "overthrow Constitutional order". According to legal procedure at that time, a death sentence had to be endorsed by Parliament before being sent to the President of the Republic for final assent. In March and April 1972 the sentence was placed before Parliament and in both readings the sentence was overwhelmingly approved. Prime Minister at that time was
354:'s visit to Turkey, but was later released. On 16 March 1969 he was arrested again for participating in right-wing and left-wing armed conflicts and imprisoned until 3 April. Gezmiş was re-arrested after leading Istanbul University Law Faculty students on a protest of the reformation bill on 31 May 1969. The university was temporarily closed, and Gezmiş was injured in the conflict. Although Gezmiş was under surveillance, he escaped from hospital and went to
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or a relative of a soldier, demanding a ransom for the US soldiers by 6 p.m. Since a driver of the THKO was captured, a second note delivered to a
Turkish news agency prolonged the deadline by 12 hours, this time demanding the release of the driver. After releasing the hostages, he and Yusuf Aslan
338:
Gezmiş became increasingly politically active, established the
Revolutionary Jurists Association in January 1966 and was involved into the student-organised occupation of Istanbul University in June 1968. After the occupation was forcibly subdued, he spearheaded protests against the arrival of the
484:
in order to impede the confirmation by the parliament should be cancelled, and the
Constitutional Court overturned the decision made by the parliament. But the Parliament again constituted and reaffirmed the death sentence. In attempt to stop the execution of Gezmiş and two other prisoners, 11
599:
While the executions of Deniz Gezmiş, Yusuf Aslan, and Hüseyin İnan under the 1970 military junta dealt a blow to the morale of the Left in Turkey, in the long run, they established the three youths as symbols under which the
Turkish Left would gather. The conflict between the Right and Left
346:
As he increased his involvement with the Worker's Party of Turkey, and began to advocate for a
National Democratic Revolution, his ideas started to circulate and inspire a growing revolutionary student base. On 28 November 1968, he was arrested again after protesting US
135:
703:
607:
In 2015, Gezmiş's family founded the "Deniz Gezmiş Freedom and
Independence Foundation" in order to "keep alive the memory of Deniz Gezmiş and his friends and the values they contributed to the revolutionary
539:
Long live a fully independent Turkey. Long live the great ideology of
Marxism-Leninism. Long live the Turkish and Kurdish peoples' fight for independence. Damned be imperialism. Long live the workers and the
261:
He was born to an inspector of primary education and syndicalist Cemil Gezmiş and a primary school teacher
Mukaddes Gezmiş. He was educated in various Turkish cities. He spent most of his childhood in
343:
in
Istanbul, when several US soldiers were harmed and pushed into the sea on 17 July 1968. Deniz Gezmiş was arrested for these actions on 30 July 1968, and released on 20 October of the same year.
397:
In
December 1970, Gezmiş and his comrades opened fire on two police officers guarding the US embassy in Ankara, injuring them both. In the following month, he was involved in a bank robbery.
408:
from the TUSLOG/The United States Logistics Group headquartered in Balgat, Ankara. Three young men delivered a news agency a note confirming the authorship of the THKO together with an
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kidnapped three technicians. They brought the technicians to Kizildere where they were surrounded by armed forces on 30 March 1972. All in the group including the hostages, except for
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729:
Haydar Seçkin Çelik (2022). "Resurgence of the Cold War state of mind: the debate on constitutional tolerance of socialism vis-à-vis the emerging left in Turkey (1967–1971)".
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385:. While scouting for information on Soviet intelligence, Ames recruited one of Gezmiş' roommates, who gave him information about the membership and activities of
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592:, who had initially actively supported the executions, told a journalist who was interviewing him that the executions were "a mishap which occurred during the
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following an armed stand-off with law enforcement officers Following Gezmiş was brought to Ankara and presented to the Turkish minister
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1435:– Aşık Kiraz reading the lyrics, 27 October 2014 (Written explanations and lyrics are in English on the page.)
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continued to escalate within the 1970s with the Cold War in the backdrop, and would ultimately lead to the
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Their trial began on 16 July 1971. They were accused for participating in a robbery of the Emek branch of
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in 1966. In the summer of 1968, he and around 15 other students founded the Revolutionary Student Union (
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training. In 1969, Gezmiş led a group of students who "violently disrupted" a lecture American scholar
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Broken Masculinities: Solitude, Alienation, and Frustration in Turkish Literature after 1970
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The Army and the Radical Left in Turkey: Military Coups, Socialist Revolution and Kemalism
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The Army and the Radical Left in Turkey: Military Coups, Socialist Revolution and Kemalism
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Soviet Eastern Policy and Turkey, 1920–1991: Soviet Foreign Policy, Turkey and Communism
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Hotels and highways : the construction of modernization theory in Cold War Turkey
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magazine had very significant effects on his adoption of socialism. After joining the
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1163:"Unseen photos of revolutionary student leader revealed after 50 years – Turkey News"
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During the 1960s, Gezmiş crossed paths with the infamous American Soviet/Russian
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on 6 May 1972 in Ankara Central Prison along with Hüseyin İnan and Yusuf Aslan.
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20th-century Turkish Marxist-Leninist revolutionary and political activist
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Those who were executed on 6 May 1972 requested to be buried alongside
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The person who took the photograph of "Deniz with Parka", wrote a book
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Turkey's ever present past: Stories from Turkish Republican History
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ideas. Gezmiş and companions are considered by some as "Turkey's
1203:"1971–1972: Last Days of Young Revolutionaries before Execution"
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In 1980, former prime minister Nihat Erim was assassinated by
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18:
265:, where his father grew up. He graduated from high school in
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in the late 1960s. He was one of the founding members of the
704:"Deniz Gezmiş ve arkadaşları: Türkiye'nin Che Guevara'ları"
327:). He also founded the Revolutionary Jurists Organisation (
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signed the decision to execute Gezmiş. He was executed by
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revolutionary, student leader, and political activist in
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Third-Party Interventions in Intrastate Disputes Project
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Photographs of Deniz Gezmiş that emerged 50 years later
1397:– Hürriyet (Kelebek), Ali Dağlar, 25 May 2013 (Turkish)
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voted in favor of it. He and his colleagues within the
1051:. Vanderbilt Television News Archive. 17 March 1971
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1226:. Central European University Press. p. 221.
1143:"Şarkışla'ya Düşürmesin Allah – O Gece Yaşananlar"
1012:Rebel land : among Turkey's forgotten peoples
1074:"4 U.S. Airmen Kidnapped By Extremists in Turkey"
464:gave votes in favor of the executions, shouting,
527:His last request was to drink tea and listen to
291:Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine
578:in Ankara, but their last wish was not granted.
537:
448:opposed the sentence, but others, amongst them
246:)(27 February 1947 – 6 May 1972) was a Turkish
1273:BİA Haber Merkezi – İstanbul (31 March 2007).
1045:"NBC Evening News for Wednesday, Mar 17, 1971"
659:"Middle East/North Africa/Persian Gulf Region"
289:The identification of Deniz Gezmiş, issued by
1410:– Metehan Akbulut, 26 February 2022 (Turkish)
400:On 4 March 1971, he and other members of the
8:
472:), who had been executed in 1961 after the
293:and given during guerrilla training in 1969
1429:– Haberler.com, 11 February 2021 (Turkish)
963:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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1484:Istanbul University Faculty of Law alumni
1423:– Metehan Akbulut, 4 March 2022 (Turkish)
1298:, Tekin Yayınevi, 2002, 14. Basım, s. 86.
631:"The 68 generation, Deniz Gezmiş, and us"
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1309:"Nihat Erim | prime minister of Turkey"
618:
1248:"Demirel: Denizler'i milli irade astı"
956:
559:Gezmiş's grave in Karşıyaka Cemetery,
509:and a signature campaign initiated by
1489:Burials at Karşıyaka Cemetery, Ankara
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1479:Workers' Party of Turkey politicians
1469:People executed by Turkey by hanging
935:. Stanford, California. p. 83.
764:
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47:adding citations to reliable sources
462:AP (Adalet Partisi – Justice Party)
389:(DEV-GENÇ), a Marxist youth group.
1009:De Bellaigue, Christopher (2009).
402:People's Liberation Army of Turkey
256:People's Liberation Army of Turkey
14:
1474:20th-century executions by Turkey
1401:Who Wrote Lament of Deniz Gezmiş?
903:(3). Ankara University: 249–262.
513:and other Turkish intellectuals.
507:Grand National Assembly of Turkey
487:People's Liberation Party – Front
466:"Three from us, three from them!"
356:Palestine Liberation Organization
777:. London: I.B. Tauris. pp.
23:
491:Turkey People's Liberation Army
34:needs additional citations for
1494:Politicians arrested in Turkey
667:University of Central Arkansas
1:
1334:"Deniz Gezmiş ve arkadaşları"
978:Suzal, Savas (2 March 1997).
745:10.1080/14682745.2022.2100354
1366:"Deniz Gezmiş Vakfı kuruldu"
1342:. 6 May 2013. Archived from
1201:Çelebi, Semra (6 May 2009).
980:"Disislerinde CIA Köstebegi"
333:Devrimci Hukukçular Kuruluşu
1220:Gunay-Erkol, Cimen (2016).
687:Deniz Gezmiş'in babası öldü
545:Last words of Deniz Gezmiş.
440:. Some politicians such as
404:(THKO) kidnapped four U.S.
269:where he first encountered
1525:
1107:"2 Arrested in Kidnapping"
827:Ulus, Özgür Mutlu (2010).
802:Silverman, Reuben (2015).
769:Ulus, Özgür Mutlu (2010).
1414:What Happened That Night?
1372:(in Turkish). 28 May 2015
864:. Routledge. p. 92.
478:Republican People's Party
132:
1504:Executed revolutionaries
1459:People from Ayaş, Ankara
1406:27 February 2022 at the
1152:. Retrieved 5 March 2022
835:. I.B. Tauris. pp.
325:Devrimci Öğrenci Birliği
1509:Turkish revolutionaries
1313:Encyclopædia Britannica
413:were captured alive in
305:Workers Party of Turkey
243:[dˈɛnizɡˈɛzmiʃ]
1433:Lament of Deniz Gezmiş
1015:. London: Bloomsbury.
929:Adalet, Begüm (2018).
860:Gokay, Bulent (2006).
563:
548:
480:(CHP) appealed to the
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239:Turkish pronunciation:
1370:www.cumhuriyet.com.tr
890:"Terrorism in Turkey"
806:. Libra. p. 97.
558:
529:Concierto de Aranjuez
315:), he studied law at
297:Gezmiş reported that
288:
1419:4 March 2022 at the
1275:"Kızıldere Katliamı"
1148:4 March 2022 at the
1141:(26 February 2022).
657:Mullenbach, Mark J.
535:'s guitar concerto.
516:On 3 May, President
482:Constitutional Court
313:Türkiye İşçi Partisi
197:Execution by hanging
43:improve this article
1499:Executed communists
1296:İdam Gecesi Anıları
1167:Hürriyet Daily News
918:on 30 October 2008.
710:on 17 December 2011
372:Istanbul University
317:Istanbul University
207:Istanbul University
193:Cause of death
1169:. 12 February 2021
1111:The New York Times
1078:The New York Times
636:Turkish Daily News
602:1980 military coup
564:
295:
1464:Anti-revisionists
1233:978-615-5225-25-3
1113:. 17 March 1971.
1022:978-1-4088-1089-7
942:978-1-5036-0555-8
871:978-1-134-27549-6
485:militants of the
423:Haldun Menteşoğlu
277:and compañeros".
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1080:. 5 March 1971.
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629:(6 April 2008).
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450:Süleyman Demirel
425:and the public.
393:Arrest and trial
387:Devrimci Gençlik
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