886:
254:
371:
1183:
700:, launched its own "house band", the Tico All-Stars, playing the same style of "Nuyorican" descargas. Meanwhile, the Alegre All-Stars project was continued by Al Santiago under different names, namely Cesta All-Stars and Salsa All-Stars. In 1968, Jerry Masucci and Johnny Pacheco, the owners of New York's leading salsa label,
568:, the album features variations on mambo themes, although the focus of Tito's recordings is the percussion section, lacking a pianist to play the guajeos. The album featured guest bassist Bobby "Big Daddy" Rodríguez to play tumbaos on a couple of tracks. In 1957, Puente recorded his critically acclaimed
826:
composed by Cachao during his early career, whereas the other half consisted of Afro-Cuban descargas, as in the later stages of Cachao's career. The recording sessions featured prestigious musicians including "first generation" descarga artists such as
Alejandro "El Negro" Vivar, Alfredo "Chocolate"
628:
on Maype. Although his style has been described as leaning towards "soft mambo" and cha-cha-cha, his sessions have been praised due to
Juanito Márquez's performance on electric guitar, cited by some critics as a "mystery guitarist" due to the absence of credits on the LP. Around the same time,
409:
on piano. The sessions were recorded by engineer
Fernando Blanco in Havana and then sent for editing to New York. According to the original liner notes of Volume I, the studio doors were opened at 10:30 pm and the recordings took place throughout the night. The jams in Volume I revolve around
359:
We showed up at the Panart studios around 2 or 3 a.m., after finishing our respective gigs in various nightclubs. The
Galician owner of Panart Records brought about forty cognac bottles and fifty rum bottles. That's how Julio Gutiérrez's first descarga volume was completed. It was a true
641:'s orchestra. Cachao's influence is notable in jams such as "Descarga Cachao" and "Descarga Malanga". Around the same time, Cachao recorded a series of descarga-like tunes with Joe Cain's orchestra, which featured a mix of American and Cuban musicians. The resulting album,
494:
directed two descargas, namely "Descarga Número 1" and "Descarga Número 2" with his all-star group, All Stars Cubano, featuring Cachao on bass. O'Farrill's recordings were released by Gema as a single and later included in the multi-artist LP
704:, decided to start another project in the vein of the Alegre All-Stars but with a different approach: the music would now revolve around large-ensemble salsa played live instead of the 1950s Panart studio descarga style. The band, the
804:
and arranged by
Barretto and pianist Louie Cruz. The concert is often cited as one of the most crucial moments in the history of salsa, highlighting the importance of the descarga format in the success of the genre during the 1970s.
676:. Palmieri had already recorded one descarga tune, "Pacheco's Descarga", for the debut album of his charanga La Duboney, which featured Pacheco on flute. Pacheco later directed his own descarga session for his 1965 album
599:
with pianist Yoyo
Casteleiro, a horn section, and singers Kiko Rodríguez and Martha Rams. The album included Chico O'Farrill's "Descarga", Mario Bauzá's "Mambo Inn" and a guaracha titled "Cuban Jam Session" credited to
396:
The first series of commercially successful descarga jam sessions were recorded mostly between 1956 and 1958 at the Panart studios in Havana. The Panart descarga sessions were released in three volumes under the title
1028:(guitarist). By early 1996, the Cuban musicians had been already selected and the African musicians were about to travel to Cuba, but due to difficulties in obtaining visas they could not make it. Gold then invited
770:
on trumpet. Armenteros would later join Grupo Folklórico y
Experimental Nuevayorquino, an ensemble founded by musicologist and producer René López. The group played extended descargas with a modern salsa sound.
461:. The only musicians to participate in all three sessions were Alejandro "El Negro" Vivar (trumpet), Emilio Peñalver (tenor saxophone) and Salvador "Bol" Vivar (double bass). Another session entitled
633:
was recorded by an ensemble directed by trumpeter Carlos Arado, who like Aguiló had been a member of
Orquesta Hermanos Castro, for the label Sirena. Cachao left Cuba in 1962, staying in
1119:(2002). Described as a "serendipitous union of stellar jammers", both sessions include descargas combined with various genres ranging from son to rumba. Among the artists featured were
976:
959:. Shortly after, García brought Cachao to a recording studio to record a descarga album, partly in honour of his father (who was friends with Cachao's family) and his hometown,
309:
in Havana, credited to Andre's All Stars, is often cited as a milestone in the development of Cuban jazz, and by extension, descarga. At this time, however, the term
2494:
1209:
With the advent of salsa, descargas began to include elements from other Latin
American traditions, especially from Puerto Rico, Colombia and Panamá. An example is
2200:
273:
and his Afro-Cubans was an important factor in the development of the descarga format. In fact, pieces such as "Tangá" were commonly performed in jam sessions.
854:
introduced descarga for the first time to the mainstream jazz audience with his closing 10-minute rendition of the classic son "Pare cochero" (written by
281:
was commonly used in the music scenes of Cuba to refer to performances of jazz-influenced boleros in an improvised manner. This was part of the so-called
1079:
656:
During the early 1960s, the descarga genre was revitalized in New York by the Alegre All-Stars, an ensemble featuring the most successful artists in the
1202:. Solos are often performed by the different musicians, including the singers (if any). Simple choruses are usually repeated by the backing vocalists (
541:. Nonetheless, later in his career he would record many of these danzones ("Avance Juvenil", "Ahora sí", etc.) in an extended, descarga-like format.
940:
During the 1990s the descarga format gained worldwide popularity due to the release of several highly successful albums. In 1993, Cuban-born actor
2095:
997:
1036:
to participate in the sessions; Ry would play guitar and
Joachim African percussion. The recording sessions took place in March 1996 in Havana's
490:), has been described as a "historic recording" with a "classic rhythm section" and "the true salsa musician's bible on record". The same year,
2515:
767:
1059:
1285:, was recorded in 1952, which would make it the first recorded descarga, but the official records show all tracks were recorded in 1956.
401:; they would sell over a million copies. Volumes I (1956, yellow cover) and II (1957, blue cover) were recorded under the direction of
2599:
953:
2542:
2239:
2139:
2078:
2015:
1913:
1748:
1492:
1379:
1930:
2170:
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in 1957, but only four tracks could be recorded. The album was finished in Miami in 1964. It was the first descarga album in the
1146:
In the 2000s, Cachao achieved three more Grammys in the Tropical Latin Album category. Although the first one was awarded for a
828:
561:
1050:
664:
as music director, and they would have a major influence on the development of salsa, launching the careers of artists such as
478:
388:
1456:
2604:
1791:
1140:
1071:
1587:
1428:
1055:
925:(1986) for Tania. Both albums comprise a series of jazzy jams with a variety of themes, from heavy Afro-Cuban percussion to
894:
426:
themes; the longest track, "Opus for Dancing", lasts 10 minutes. Volume II kicks off with "Descarga caliente", a 17-minute
836:
402:
193:
1556:
1527:
1020:) decided to record a series of descarga sessions featuring established Cuban musicians together with African virtuosos
1005:
874:
866:
1697:
885:
601:
1128:
305:
who explored the combination of jazz and Cuban forms into the 1950s. In particular, Bebo's 1952 session with producer
840:
294:
897:, who replaced Juan de Marcos González as the director of the ensemble. He often includes classic descargas such as
1905:
1242:
1009:
538:
466:
2305:
1070:
went on to become an international sensation, winning the 1998 Grammy for Best Tropical Latin Album and spawning
2614:
1111:
Another Cuban all-star ensemble, Caravana Cubana, recorded and released two albums at the turn of the century,
501:
917:'s "Top 100 Independent Recordings" (June/July 2004). The same group (with additional musicians) would record
2499:
1067:
814:
762:
729:
906:
847:
831:
and Julito Collazo, as well as members of the "second generation" of descarga and salsa musicians such as
290:
1017:
800:
style and in a descarga format, which is acknowledged in the 9-minute-long "Descarga Fania", written by
588:
374:
Cachao and his band, as depicted on the March 1961 edition of the Cuban "Show" magazine. Left to right:
2035:
521:
for Ernesto Duarte's label Producciones Duarte, yielding two albums that were distributed by Kubaney:
2373:
2289:
1045:
869:
released five albums consisting exclusively of descargas. A compilation of these recordings entitled
1963:
1054:. Both albums, especially the latter, included extended descargas featuring Juan de Marcos on tres,
808:
In 1977, Cachao was brought to a studio by musicologist René López to record two new albums for the
2609:
1532:
1432:
1404:
1226:
1136:
984:
914:
898:
862:
779:
577:
553:
450:
1640:
2507:
2412:
2100:
1901:
Music from Cuba: Mongo Santamaria, Chocolate Armenteros, and Cuban Musicians in the United States
1258:
1025:
617:
302:
2131:
1347:
491:
2070:
2594:
2574:
2538:
2511:
2368:
2235:
2135:
2074:
2011:
1909:
1744:
1625:
1488:
1375:
1278:
1152:
1063:
1013:
725:
709:
638:
383:
79:
2284:
2503:
1765:
1669:
1194:
In general, descargas are long improvised pieces characterised by the inclusion of repeated
1170:
1124:
1097:
855:
661:
146:
71:
1399:
1156:(2001), with Bebo Valdés and Carlos "Patato" Valdés, the other two consisted of descargas,
329:
during the 1940s was also a catalyst of the development of descargas, with artists such as
2201:"Walfredo de los Reyes Sr. and Paquito and Tany Gil and Israel "Cachao" López – Walpataca"
1253:
1132:
1021:
988:
809:
784:
775:
705:
685:
470:
446:
334:
322:
266:
237:
165:
1210:
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performed on bass. That same year, trumpeter Rolando Aguiló released two albums entitled
386:(timbales). This picture was taken during the same photo shoot that yielded the cover of
1940:
991:, was released in 1995 and was also nominated for Best Tropical Latin Album but lost to
499:(1959). Cachao continued to record descarga sessions as a leader between 1958 and 1960:
382:(tumbadora), Alejandro "El Negro" Vivar (trumpet), Rogelio "Yeyo" Iglesias (bongos) and
2619:
2124:
2063:
1301:
1033:
992:
941:
757:
733:
669:
665:
657:
581:
438:
379:
338:
298:
262:
217:
205:
197:
2441:
2178:
1724:
Cuando salí de la Habana: cien años de música cubana por el mundo. 1898-1997, Volume 1
616:. Unlike his previous album, this one featured a heavy percussion section courtesy of
2588:
1936:
1851:
1621:
1614:
1087:
701:
693:
689:
415:
346:
326:
318:
282:
221:
157:
125:
113:
42:
34:
913:, a descarga album released by Tania Records. The album was listed as number 60 in
832:
801:
713:
697:
673:
306:
75:
2342:"Juan de Marcos González cuenta la verdadera historia del Buena Vista Social Club"
1206:). Descargas often have a "cyclical harmonic structure of relatively few chords".
1120:
454:
419:
253:
2532:
2470:
2389:
2229:
2005:
1899:
1738:
1482:
1436:
1369:
1214:
1105:
1075:
926:
766:, an LP with descargas such as "Chocolate Ice Cream" and "17.1", which featured
737:
557:
545:
473:
format and it features jazz-inspired mambos, chachachás, guajiras and montunos.
442:
431:
427:
406:
370:
342:
314:
233:
209:
201:
177:
161:
154:
150:
129:
67:
38:
2310:
2255:
1564:
1315:
1230:
1182:
949:
851:
797:
741:
717:
411:
97:
30:
2126:
Book of Salsa: A Chronicle of Urban Music from the Caribbean to New York City
2065:
Book of Salsa: A Chronicle of Urban Music from the Caribbean to New York City
1866:
1296:
1222:
1029:
612:
In 1960, Walfredo de los Reyes recorded his second descarga LP as a leader,
580:
and Julito Collazo. The album closer is a 7-minute descarga-jazz with guest
1304:, which featured Cachao on bass, so this was technically his second Grammy.
823:
518:
2534:
Listening to Salsa: Gender, Latin Popular Music, and Puerto Rican Cultures
1168:, also made of descargas, was nominated for the award in 2001 but lost to
482:, short descargas which contrasted with the extended jams in the previous
313:
began to be used in a different way to describe jam sessions based on the
2446:
2417:
1817:
1674:
1645:
1429:"Walfredo de los Reyes III: The True Story of a Drumming Legend (Part 2)"
930:
458:
173:
1186:
Bass tumbao by Cachao in the intro of "Descarga cubana", from the album
937:
featured flautist José Fajardo and percussionist Nelson "Flaco" Padrón.
684:, a jam-session recorded in February 1963 and led by prolific timbalero
1092:
960:
890:
330:
270:
213:
188:
during the 1950s. Important figures in the emergence of the genre were
2367:
Williamson, Nigel; Pride, Dominic; Spahr, Wolfgang (August 14, 1999).
948:. The following year, Cachao became the first inductee (together with
1929:
Child, John (1998). "Profile: Al Santiago". In Clarke, Donald (ed.).
1199:
1195:
634:
621:
517:(Modiner). At the same time, Cachao recorded sessions of traditional
375:
258:
225:
189:
185:
169:
109:
87:
52:
1743:(in Spanish). Madrid, Spain: La Esfera de los Libros. p. 181.
1481:
Delannoy, Luc (2005). "Apuntes de identidad: Identidades nómadas".
944:
released a documentary about the life and works of Cachao entitled
232:. From the 1960s, the descarga format was usually adapted by large
1181:
1083:
1037:
884:
423:
369:
252:
224:. Originally, descargas were promoted by record companies such as
83:
63:
1993:(4th ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. p. 742.
1991:
The Encyclopedia of Popular Music: Grenfell, Joyce - Koller, Hans
933:. Both albums include the tracks "Bocachaby" and "Walpataca II".
434:
ritual performance. Volume III (1958, red cover) was directed by
2341:
2130:. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. pp.
1218:
1164:(2011), recorded in September 2007. In addition, his 2000 album
1147:
297:, and Luis Yánez. This style was inherited by musicians such as
181:
2069:. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. p.
1726:(in Spanish). San Juan, PR: Editorial Plaza Mayor. p. 155.
1487:(in Spanish). Mexico City, Mexico: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
782:. The concert was recorded and filmed, yielding a documentary,
1101:
1528:"Desarrollo y evolución de la charanga en los Estados Unidos"
1313:
The project became a reality in 2010 with the recording of
660:
roster. The albums were produced by Al Santiago, who chose
1346:
Acosta, Leonardo (2006). "La realidad sobre la descarga".
486:
LPs. The album, credited to "Cachao y su ritmo caliente" (
2537:. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press. p. 83.
1766:"Rolando Aguiló y su Conjunto: Cuban Jam Session Vol. 1"
2040:
La Gran Enciclopedia Ilustrada del Projecto Salón Hogar
544:
Simultaneously with the Panart recordings from Havana,
265:
composition "Tangá". This tune is considered the first
1352:(in Spanish). Barranquilla, Colombia: La Iguana Ciega.
1058:(who had taken part in Estrellas de Areíto) on piano,
637:
for a year before moving to New York, where he joined
552:. It is a percussion-heavy set of descargas featuring
430:
jam, while side B features a rumba, a chachachá and a
1108:, introduced seldom seen instruments into the genre.
744:. The concert was recorded and divided into two LPs,
2010:. New York, NY: St. Martin's Press. pp. 59–60.
1229:, as well as the characteristic trombone section of
901:'s "Trombón majadero" in the reperoire of the group.
441:
and it comprises three montuno tracks combined with
1082:in 1999. The album directly combined classic Cuban
476:In 1957, Cachao recorded in the Panart studios his
269:piece. As such, the 1949 recording of this song by
119:
103:
93:
59:
48:
26:
21:
2123:
2062:
2042:(in Spanish). Fundación Educativa Héctor A. García
1613:
1374:. Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood. pp. 145–147.
1040:studios and yielded two albums released in 1997:
778:were reformed with a new lineup to perform at the
2234:(in Spanish). Raleigh, NC: Lulu. pp. 46–47.
1874:Encyclopedic Discography of Cuban Music 1925-1960
1825:Encyclopedic Discography of Cuban Music 1925-1960
1698:"Walfredo Reyes and His Orchestra – Sabor Cubano"
850:, Tito Puente in collaboration with vibraphonist
696:among others. Soon, Alegre's biggest competitor,
2256:"Maestro de Maestros - Cachao y su Descarga '86"
1400:"La Descarga Cubana: The Beginning and Its Best"
2569:Descarga número dos: el jazz en Cuba, 1950-2002
1090:with intense descarga jamming. The presence of
360:descarga: There was no written music involved.
357:
881:1980s to present: revival and critical acclaim
861:Starting in 1979, the Cuban all-star ensemble
2285:"Award Winners Show Diversity of Latin Music"
1557:"Cuban Jam Sessions in Miniature "Descargas""
576:. It features Mongo Santamaría, Willie Bobo,
8:
2223:
2221:
1876:. Florida International University Libraries
1827:. Florida International University Libraries
1371:Encyclopedia of Latin American Popular Music
1281:claimed this song, along with "Cimarrón" on
317:and other Afro-Cuban rhythms. The incipient
2562:Descarga cubana: el jazz en Cuba, 1900-1950
2159:. Bloomington, IN: Autorhouse. p. 275.
905:In 1981, Walfredo de los Reyes, Cachao and
465:took place under the direction of flautist
2508:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.A2234943
2377:. Vol. 111, no. 33. p. 104.
2293:. Vol. 107, no. 23. p. L-6.
2278:
2276:
2007:Passion and Pain: The Life of Hector Lavoe
1294:The winner of this award in 1994 had been
1080:Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature
977:Grammy Award for Best Tropical Latin Album
289:) movement spearheaded by artists such as
18:
2029:
2027:
1932:The Penguin Encyclopedia of Popular Music
1893:
1891:
1848:The Penguin Encyclopedia of Popular Music
1616:The Penguin Encyclopedia of Popular Music
1521:
1519:
345:performing extended jams with Afro-Cuban
2157:Tito Puente: When the Drums Are Dreaming
1964:"Johnny Pacheco: una invocación musical"
1363:
1361:
1359:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1335:
548:recorded a full descarga album in 1956,
2413:"Caravana Cubana - Late Night Sessions"
2390:"Caravana Cubana - Late Night Sessions"
1349:Otra visión de la música popular cubana
1331:
1270:
746:Live at the Red Garter Volumes I and II
708:, debuted in 1968 at the Red Garter in
2579:Salsa Guidebook for Piano and Ensemble
2335:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2304:Belinchón, Gregorio (March 15, 2015).
2096:"It Happened One Night at the Cheetah"
889:Buena Vista Social Club performing in
645:, was re-released on CD together with
180:. The genre is strongly influenced by
2369:"'Buena Vista' Hits Overseas As Well"
1740:Oye como va: el mundo del jazz latino
1457:"Panart Cuban Jam Sessions: LP scans"
1450:
1448:
1446:
1393:
1391:
790:Live at the Cheetah, Volumes I and II
682:Puerto Rican All-Stars featuring Kako
7:
1641:"Tito Puente - Puente in Percussion"
1213:' "Tiburón", which combines typical
971:, became a success, charting in the
893:in 2012. The image shows trombonist
748:, which were moderately successful.
1865:Díaz Ayala, Cristóbal (Fall 2013).
1816:Díaz Ayala, Cristóbal (Fall 2013).
1368:Torres, George (2013). "Descarga".
822:. Half of the recorded tracks were
2492:Lomanno, Mark (2013). "Descarga".
1962:Campo Uribe, Andrés (April 2005).
1586:Sanders, Mark (October 17, 2008).
1484:Carambola: Vidas en el jazz latino
1160:(2004) and his posthumous release
14:
2094:Rother, Larry (August 19, 2011).
1221:genre from Puerto Rico featuring
967:(the mayor). The album, entitled
228:, Maype and Gema under the label
2571:. Havana, Cuba: Ediciones Unión.
2564:. Havana, Cuba: Ediciones Unión.
2340:Lam, Rafael (October 26, 2010).
2228:Gómez Sotolongo, Andrés (2008).
1764:Watrous, Peter (March 6, 2006).
1455:Sanders, Mark (March 17, 2009).
963:, where his father was known as
796:. The performances are all in a
680:. Also in 1965, Alegre released
678:Pacheco, His Flute and Latin Jam
515:Descargas con el ritmo de Cachao
378:(bass), Gustavo Tamayo (güiro),
2394:Rhythm: Global Sounds and Ideas
2283:Lannert, John (June 10, 1995).
1510:The Complete Cuban Jam Sessions
1188:Cuban Jam Sessions in Miniature
647:Cuban Jam Sessions in Miniature
593:Cuban Jam Session Vols I and II
537:), featuring former members of
479:Cuban Jam Sessions in Miniature
389:Cuban Jam Sessions in Miniature
2581:. Petaluma, CA: Sher Music Co.
1792:"Rolando Aguiló y su Conjunto"
1722:Díaz Ayala, Cristóbal (1998).
1670:"Tito Puente - Top Percussion"
1526:Tamargo, Luis (January 1996).
1398:Salazar, Max (February 1997).
1100:, as well as Joachim Cooder's
1062:(Cachao's nephew) on bass and
979:in March 1995. The follow-up,
846:On September 18, 1977, at the
768:Alfredo "Chocolate" Armenteros
608:1960s: from Havana to New York
463:Cuban Jam Session with Fajardo
1:
2531:Aparicio, Frances R. (1998).
2306:"Andy García y su amada Cuba"
2122:Rondón, César Miguel (2008).
2061:Rondón, César Miguel (2008).
1790:Sanders, Mark (May 9, 2008).
1588:"Los mejores músicos de Cuba"
877:in 1999 to critical acclaim.
752:1970s: the peak of salsa dura
686:Francisco Ángel Bastar "Kako"
2442:"Caravana Cubana - Del Alma"
1935:(2nd ed.). London, UK:
1850:(2nd ed.). London, UK:
1846:Clarke, Donald, ed. (1998).
1612:Clarke, Donald, ed. (1990).
1004:In 1995, Nick Gold (head of
712:with a lineup that included
249:Origins: son, filin and jazz
236:ensembles, most notably the
153:consisting of variations on
16:Cuban improvised jam session
1989:Larkin, Colin, ed. (2006).
1508:Cantor-Navas, Judy (2018).
1078:which was nominated for an
629:another LP by the title of
497:Los mejores músicos de Cuba
277:During the 1940s, the term
2636:
2155:Powell, Josephine (2007).
1243:List of descarga musicians
1240:
732:among others, plus guests
511:Cuban Music in Jam Session
353:1950s: the Panart sessions
2600:20th-century music genres
2567:Acosta, Leonardo (2002).
2560:Acosta, Leonardo (2000).
2231:Al son son y al vino vino
1408:. Vol. 7, no. 1
975:Latin 50 and winning the
535:Cachao y su Típica Vol. 2
488:Cachao and his hot rhythm
124:
108:
1898:Gerard, Charley (2001).
1060:Orlando "Cachaíto" López
957:Latin Music Hall of Fame
946:Como su ritmo no hay dos
909:came together to record
774:On August 26, 1971, the
502:Jam Session with Feeling
295:César Portillo de la Luz
184:and it was developed in
2500:Oxford University Press
2469:Leaver, Robert (2002).
2388:Chao, Patricia (1999).
2036:"Biografía de la Fania"
1068:Buena Vista Social Club
1051:Buena Vista Social Club
1010:Juan de Marcos González
815:Cachao y su Descarga 77
651:From Havana to New York
566:Cuban Jam Session Vol I
539:Arcaño y sus Maravillas
55:music scene (mid-1950s)
2004:Shapiro, Mark (2007).
1737:Arteaga, José (2003).
1427:Tamargo, Luis (2001).
1191:
1129:Orlando "Maraca" Valle
981:Master Sessions Vol. 2
969:Master Sessions Vol. I
902:
873:was later reissued by
848:Monterey Jazz Festival
829:Carlos "Patato" Valdés
792:and the soundtrack to
562:Carlos "Patato" Valdés
523:Con el ritmo de Cachao
393:
362:
274:
2605:Cuban styles of music
2171:"Estrellas de Areito"
1668:Roberts, John Storm.
1185:
1006:World Circuit Records
888:
589:Walfredo de los Reyes
373:
365:Walfredo de los Reyes
256:
1908:. pp. 101–126.
1217:percussion with the
1046:Afro-Cuban All Stars
1042:A toda Cuba le gusta
895:Jesús "Aguaje" Ramos
788:, and three albums,
574:Puente in Percussion
550:Puente in Percussion
2440:Gutiérrez, Evan C.
2181:on November 8, 2015
1555:Various reviewers.
1533:Latin Beat Magazine
1512:. Craft Recordings.
1433:Latin Beat Magazine
1405:Latin Beat Magazine
1174:by Gloria Estefan.
1137:Francisco Aguabella
1113:Late Night Sessions
935:Maestro de Maestros
923:Maestro de Maestros
915:Latin Beat Magazine
907:Paquito Hechavarría
863:Estrellas de Areito
591:, the timbalero in
578:Francisco Aguabella
572:, the follow-up to
291:José Antonio Méndez
149:) is an improvised
60:Typical instruments
2495:Grove Music Online
2471:"The Soul of Cuba"
2101:The New York Times
1906:Praeger Publishers
1796:Fidel's Eyeglasses
1592:Fidel's Eyeglasses
1461:Fidel's Eyeglasses
1259:Jazz improvisation
1237:Notable performers
1192:
1141:Miguel "Angá" Díaz
1044:, credited to the
1026:Djelimady Tounkara
1024:(kora player) and
903:
527:Camina Juan Pescao
394:
303:Frank Emilio Flynn
275:
230:Cuban jam sessions
72:percussion section
2517:978-1-56159-263-0
2411:Greenberg, Adam.
1943:on March 16, 2009
1279:Francisco Fellove
1153:El Arte del Sabor
983:, which featured
867:Juan Pablo Torres
710:Greenwich Village
631:Cuban Jam Session
626:Cuban Jam Session
584:on lead trumpet.
484:Cuban Jam Session
399:Cuban Jam Session
384:Guillermo Barreto
135:
134:
27:Stylistic origins
2627:
2549:
2548:
2528:
2522:
2521:
2498:(8th ed.).
2489:
2483:
2482:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2408:
2402:
2401:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2364:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2337:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2280:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2225:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2177:. Archived from
2167:
2161:
2160:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2129:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2068:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2031:
2022:
2021:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1939:. Archived from
1926:
1920:
1919:
1904:. Westport, CT:
1895:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1871:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1822:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1734:
1728:
1727:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1636:
1630:
1629:
1619:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1567:on April 2, 2015
1563:. Archived from
1552:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1523:
1514:
1513:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1478:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1452:
1441:
1440:
1435:. Archived from
1424:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1395:
1386:
1385:
1365:
1354:
1353:
1343:
1320:
1311:
1305:
1292:
1286:
1275:
1098:Barbarito Torres
998:Abriendo Puertas
985:Paquito D'Rivera
899:Generoso Jiménez
856:Marcelino Guerra
662:Charlie Palmieri
649:under the title
602:Rafael Hernández
554:Mongo Santamaría
366:
94:Derivative forms
49:Cultural origins
19:
2635:
2634:
2630:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2625:
2624:
2615:Afro-Cuban jazz
2585:
2584:
2575:Mauleón, Rebeca
2557:
2555:Further reading
2552:
2545:
2530:
2529:
2525:
2518:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2453:
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2439:
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2434:
2424:
2422:
2410:
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2387:
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2327:
2317:
2315:
2303:
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2298:
2282:
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2274:
2264:
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2254:
2253:
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2242:
2227:
2226:
2219:
2209:
2207:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2184:
2182:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2142:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2106:
2104:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2081:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2045:
2043:
2034:Muriel, Tommy.
2033:
2032:
2025:
2018:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1973:
1971:
1968:Herencia Latina
1961:
1960:
1956:
1946:
1944:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1916:
1897:
1896:
1889:
1879:
1877:
1869:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1854:. p. 1107.
1845:
1844:
1840:
1830:
1828:
1820:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1800:
1798:
1789:
1788:
1784:
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1721:
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1638:
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1611:
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1606:
1596:
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1584:
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1554:
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1539:
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1525:
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1517:
1507:
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1502:
1495:
1480:
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1425:
1421:
1411:
1409:
1397:
1396:
1389:
1382:
1367:
1366:
1357:
1345:
1344:
1333:
1329:
1324:
1323:
1312:
1308:
1293:
1289:
1276:
1272:
1267:
1254:Afro-Cuban jazz
1250:
1245:
1239:
1180:
1022:Toumani Diabate
989:Rolando Laserie
883:
837:Nelson González
794:Our Latin Thing
785:Our Latin Thing
776:Fania All-Stars
763:Superimposition
754:
706:Fania All-Stars
688:which featured
643:Latin Explosion
620:. In addition,
610:
492:Chico O'Farrill
403:Julio Gutiérrez
368:
364:
355:
335:Dizzy Gillespie
325:scene found in
323:Afro-Cuban jazz
267:Afro-Cuban jazz
251:
246:
238:Fania All-Stars
194:Julio Gutiérrez
104:Regional scenes
17:
12:
11:
5:
2633:
2631:
2623:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2587:
2586:
2583:
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2572:
2565:
2556:
2553:
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2550:
2543:
2523:
2516:
2484:
2461:
2432:
2403:
2380:
2359:
2325:
2296:
2272:
2247:
2240:
2217:
2192:
2162:
2147:
2140:
2114:
2086:
2079:
2053:
2023:
2016:
1996:
1981:
1954:
1921:
1914:
1887:
1857:
1838:
1818:"Carlos Arado"
1808:
1782:
1756:
1749:
1729:
1714:
1689:
1660:
1631:
1620:. London, UK:
1604:
1578:
1547:
1515:
1500:
1493:
1473:
1442:
1439:on 2017-09-06.
1419:
1387:
1380:
1355:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1306:
1302:Gloria Estefan
1287:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1261:
1256:
1249:
1246:
1241:Main article:
1238:
1235:
1179:
1176:
1162:The Last Mambo
1064:Amadito Valdés
1056:Rubén González
1018:Sierra Maestra
1012:(director and
993:Gloria Estefan
882:
879:
758:Eddie Palmieri
753:
750:
734:Eddie Palmieri
726:Bobby Valentín
670:Cheo Feliciano
666:Johnny Pacheco
658:Alegre Records
639:Tito Rodríguez
609:
606:
582:Doc Severinsen
570:Top Percussion
531:El gran Cachao
356:
354:
351:
339:Charlie Parker
250:
247:
245:
242:
133:
132:
122:
121:
117:
116:
106:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
61:
57:
56:
50:
46:
45:
28:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2632:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
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2606:
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2601:
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2590:
2580:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2566:
2563:
2559:
2558:
2554:
2546:
2544:9780819563088
2540:
2536:
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2519:
2513:
2509:
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2292:
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2273:
2261:
2257:
2251:
2248:
2243:
2241:9781435746251
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2196:
2193:
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2141:9780807858592
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2080:9780807858592
2076:
2072:
2067:
2066:
2057:
2054:
2041:
2037:
2030:
2028:
2024:
2019:
2017:9781429974462
2013:
2009:
2008:
2000:
1997:
1992:
1985:
1982:
1969:
1965:
1958:
1955:
1942:
1938:
1937:Penguin Books
1934:
1933:
1925:
1922:
1917:
1915:9780275966829
1911:
1907:
1903:
1902:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1875:
1868:
1861:
1858:
1853:
1852:Penguin Books
1849:
1842:
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1826:
1819:
1812:
1809:
1797:
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1786:
1783:
1771:
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1750:9788497341394
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1622:Penguin Books
1618:
1617:
1608:
1605:
1593:
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1494:9786071612021
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1212:
1207:
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1201:
1197:
1189:
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1177:
1175:
1173:
1172:
1171:Alma Caribeña
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1125:Chucho Valdés
1122:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1094:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1072:a documentary
1069:
1066:on timbales.
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
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916:
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887:
880:
878:
876:
875:World Circuit
872:
868:
864:
859:
857:
853:
849:
844:
842:
841:Andy González
838:
834:
830:
825:
821:
817:
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811:
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799:
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787:
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749:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
702:Fania Records
699:
695:
694:Roberto Roena
691:
690:Rafael Ithier
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
654:
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583:
579:
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563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
542:
540:
536:
533:(reissued as
532:
528:
525:(reissued as
524:
520:
516:
513:(Bonita) and
512:
508:
504:
503:
498:
493:
489:
485:
481:
480:
474:
472:
468:
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296:
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288:
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272:
268:
264:
260:
255:
248:
243:
241:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
208:in Cuba, and
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
131:
127:
126:Music of Cuba
123:
118:
115:
114:New York City
111:
107:
102:
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
62:
58:
54:
51:
47:
44:
40:
36:
32:
29:
25:
20:
2578:
2568:
2561:
2533:
2526:
2493:
2487:
2478:
2474:
2464:
2452:. Retrieved
2445:
2435:
2423:. Retrieved
2416:
2406:
2397:
2393:
2383:
2372:
2362:
2350:. Retrieved
2348:(in Spanish)
2345:
2316:. Retrieved
2314:(in Spanish)
2309:
2299:
2288:
2263:. Retrieved
2260:Descarga.com
2259:
2250:
2230:
2208:. Retrieved
2204:
2195:
2183:. Retrieved
2179:the original
2174:
2165:
2156:
2150:
2125:
2117:
2105:. Retrieved
2099:
2089:
2064:
2056:
2044:. Retrieved
2039:
2006:
1999:
1990:
1984:
1972:. Retrieved
1970:(in Spanish)
1967:
1957:
1945:. Retrieved
1941:the original
1931:
1924:
1900:
1878:. Retrieved
1873:
1860:
1847:
1841:
1829:. Retrieved
1824:
1811:
1799:. Retrieved
1795:
1785:
1773:. Retrieved
1770:Descarga.com
1769:
1759:
1739:
1732:
1723:
1717:
1705:. Retrieved
1701:
1692:
1680:. Retrieved
1673:
1663:
1651:. Retrieved
1644:
1639:Bush, John.
1634:
1615:
1607:
1595:. Retrieved
1591:
1581:
1569:. Retrieved
1565:the original
1561:Descarga.com
1560:
1550:
1538:. Retrieved
1536:(in Spanish)
1531:
1509:
1503:
1483:
1476:
1464:. Retrieved
1460:
1437:the original
1422:
1410:. Retrieved
1403:
1370:
1348:
1314:
1309:
1295:
1290:
1282:
1273:
1211:Rubén Blades
1208:
1203:
1193:
1187:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1151:
1145:
1116:
1112:
1110:
1091:
1049:
1041:
1032:and his son
1003:
996:
980:
972:
968:
964:
954:
945:
939:
934:
922:
919:Walpataca II
918:
910:
904:
870:
865:directed by
860:
845:
833:Barry Rogers
827:Armenteros,
819:
813:
807:
802:Ray Barretto
793:
789:
783:
773:
761:
755:
745:
730:Larry Harlow
722:Willie Colón
714:Ray Barretto
681:
677:
674:Barry Rogers
655:
650:
646:
642:
630:
625:
613:
611:
597:Sabor cubano
596:
592:
586:
573:
569:
565:
549:
543:
534:
530:
526:
522:
514:
510:
506:
500:
496:
487:
483:
477:
475:
467:José Fajardo
462:
435:
398:
395:
387:
363:
358:
310:
307:Norman Granz
286:
278:
276:
229:
160:, primarily
142:
138:
136:
120:Other topics
76:horn section
2454:October 20,
2425:October 20,
2400:(9–11): 84.
2352:October 20,
2318:October 20,
2265:October 20,
2210:October 20,
2185:October 20,
2107:October 20,
2046:October 20,
1947:October 20,
1880:January 22,
1831:January 22,
1801:January 22,
1775:January 22,
1707:October 20,
1682:October 20,
1653:October 20,
1597:October 20,
1571:October 20,
1540:October 20,
1466:October 20,
1412:October 20,
1215:Cuban rumba
1115:(2000) and
1076:Wim Wenders
942:Andy García
921:(1985) and
738:Tito Puente
618:Los Papines
595:, recorded
558:Willie Bobo
546:Tito Puente
439:Niño Rivera
380:Tata Güines
343:Tito Puente
315:son montuno
299:Bebo Valdés
263:Mario Bauzá
218:Mario Bauzá
210:Tito Puente
206:Niño Rivera
198:Bebo Valdés
164:, but also
162:son montuno
155:Cuban music
151:jam session
141:(literally
130:Jam session
68:double bass
2610:Son cubano
2589:Categories
1974:30 January
1624:. p.
1327:References
1316:Afrocubism
1231:salsa dura
1166:Cuba linda
1016:player of
965:el alcalde
950:Celia Cruz
871:Los héroes
852:Cal Tjader
798:salsa dura
742:Richie Ray
718:Joe Bataan
614:Cuban Jazz
98:Salsa dura
31:Son cubano
2374:Billboard
2290:Billboard
1297:Mi Tierra
1223:Yomo Toro
1178:Structure
1158:Ahora sí!
1121:Pío Leyva
1030:Ry Cooder
973:Billboard
955:Billboard
952:) in the
911:Walpataca
760:released
756:In 1970,
587:In 1958,
509:(Maype),
505:(Maype),
455:guaguancó
453:, plus a
451:chachachá
420:chachachá
143:discharge
2595:Descarga
2577:(2005).
2475:The Beat
2447:AllMusic
2418:AllMusic
2346:Salsa.ch
2175:Nonesuch
1867:"Cachao"
1675:AllMusic
1646:AllMusic
1248:See also
1133:Bamboleo
1117:Del alma
931:guaracha
824:danzones
519:danzones
507:Descarga
471:charanga
459:comparsa
432:Santería
407:Peruchín
327:New York
311:descarga
279:descarga
222:New York
202:Peruchín
174:guaracha
139:descarga
22:Descarga
2311:El País
2205:Discogs
1702:Discogs
1277:Singer
1200:tumbaos
1196:guajeos
1190:(1957).
1150:album,
1096:player
1034:Joachim
961:Bejucal
891:Lorient
812:label:
810:Salsoul
780:Cheetah
564:. Like
447:guajira
436:tresero
428:montuno
412:canción
331:Machito
287:feeling
271:Machito
261:in the
244:History
214:Machito
166:guajira
147:Spanish
2541:
2514:
2450:. Rovi
2421:. Rovi
2238:
2138:
2134:–154.
2077:
2014:
1912:
1747:
1678:. Rovi
1649:. Rovi
1491:
1378:
1283:Vol. 1
1227:cuatro
1106:dumbek
1048:, and
1008:) and
635:Madrid
622:Cachao
529:) and
376:Cachao
347:motifs
259:guajeo
257:Piano
226:Panart
190:Cachao
186:Havana
170:bolero
158:themes
110:Havana
88:violin
53:Havana
2620:Salsa
2481:: 50.
1870:(PDF)
1821:(PDF)
1265:Notes
1088:filin
1084:trova
1038:EGREM
927:salsa
443:swing
424:conga
416:mambo
405:with
319:mambo
283:filin
234:salsa
178:rumba
84:flute
64:Piano
43:mambo
39:rumba
35:filin
2539:ISBN
2512:ISBN
2456:2015
2427:2015
2354:2015
2320:2015
2267:2015
2236:ISBN
2212:2015
2187:2015
2136:ISBN
2109:2015
2075:ISBN
2048:2015
2012:ISBN
1976:2021
1949:2015
1910:ISBN
1882:2016
1833:2016
1803:2016
1777:2016
1745:ISBN
1709:2015
1684:2015
1655:2015
1599:2015
1573:2015
1542:2015
1489:ISBN
1468:2015
1414:2015
1376:ISBN
1219:seis
1204:coro
1198:and
1148:jazz
1139:and
1104:and
1093:laúd
1086:and
1014:tres
987:and
929:and
839:and
818:and
740:and
728:and
698:Tico
692:and
672:and
560:and
449:and
422:and
341:and
321:and
301:and
216:and
204:and
182:jazz
176:and
112:and
80:tres
2504:doi
2132:153
1626:722
1300:by
1225:on
1102:udu
1074:by
995:'s
858:).
820:Dos
220:in
145:in
2591::
2510:.
2502:.
2479:21
2477:.
2473:.
2444:.
2415:.
2396:.
2392:.
2371:.
2344:.
2328:^
2308:.
2287:.
2275:^
2258:.
2220:^
2203:.
2173:.
2098:.
2073:.
2071:57
2038:.
2026:^
1966:.
1890:^
1872:.
1823:.
1794:.
1768:.
1700:.
1672:.
1643:.
1590:.
1559:.
1530:.
1518:^
1459:.
1445:^
1431:.
1402:.
1390:^
1358:^
1334:^
1233:.
1143:.
1135:,
1131:,
1127:,
1123:,
1001:.
843:.
835:,
736:,
724:,
720:,
716:,
668:,
653:.
604:.
556:,
445:,
418:,
414:,
349:.
337:,
333:,
293:,
240:.
212:,
200:,
196:,
192:,
172:,
168:,
137:A
128:-
86:,
82:,
78:,
74:,
70:,
66:,
41:,
37:,
33:,
2547:.
2520:.
2506::
2458:.
2429:.
2398:8
2356:.
2322:.
2269:.
2244:.
2214:.
2189:.
2144:.
2111:.
2083:.
2050:.
2020:.
1978:.
1951:.
1918:.
1884:.
1835:.
1805:.
1779:.
1753:.
1711:.
1686:.
1657:.
1628:.
1601:.
1575:.
1544:.
1497:.
1470:.
1416:.
1384:.
1319:.
457:-
392:.
285:(
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