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Descriptive interpretation

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Any non-empty set may be chosen as the domain of a descriptive interpretation, and all n-ary relations among the elements of the domain are candidates for assignment to any predicate of degree n.
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is the only interpretation. - the world is an interpretation (or model) of these sciences, only insofar as these sciences are true.
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Under this interpretation the sentences discussed above would represent the following English statements:
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which assigns values to the logical variables. We might for example make the following assignments:
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The Concept and the Role of the Model in Mathematics and Natural and Social Sciences
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to model reality.: the aim of these attempts is to construct a
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Introduction to Symbolic Logic and its Applications
616: 542: 507: 485: 463: 430: 399: 377: 336: 314: 292: 255: 222: 38:) if at least one of the undefined symbols of its 693: 8: 363:)): "Somebody made everybody hit somebody." 601: 599: 700: 686: 583: 581: 579: 535: 500: 478: 456: 423: 392: 370: 329: 307: 285: 248: 215: 208:): "Plato made Socrates hit Aristotle." 575: 7: 654: 652: 502: 480: 458: 394: 372: 331: 309: 287: 250: 217: 64:logico-mathematical interpretation 42:becomes, in the interpretation, a 14: 656: 619:Elementary Logic, Second Edition 278:)): "Socrates hates somebody." 70:: a formal interpretation is a 1: 672:. You can help Knowledge by 241:)): "Everybody is sleeping." 729:Interpretation (philosophy) 68:descriptive interpretations 60:mathematical interpretation 750: 651: 190:): "Socrates is sleeping." 91:descriptive interpretation 72:descriptive interpretation 32:descriptive interpretation 15: 50:Introduction to Semantics 30:, an interpretation is a 508:{\displaystyle \exists } 486:{\displaystyle \forall } 464:{\displaystyle \exists } 400:{\displaystyle \exists } 378:{\displaystyle \forall } 337:{\displaystyle \exists } 315:{\displaystyle \forall } 293:{\displaystyle \exists } 256:{\displaystyle \exists } 223:{\displaystyle \forall } 625:Oxford University Press 431:{\displaystyle \wedge } 55:logical interpretations 615:Mates, Benson (1972). 544: 509: 487: 465: 432: 401: 379: 338: 316: 294: 257: 224: 76:logical interpretation 36:factual interpretation 18:Interpretation (logic) 545: 543:{\displaystyle \lor } 510: 488: 466: 433: 402: 380: 339: 317: 295: 258: 225: 161:Sentential variables: 112:A sentence is either 89:, Carnap said, use a 534: 499: 477: 455: 422: 391: 369: 328: 306: 284: 247: 214: 156:Hαβγ: α made β hit γ 128:Individual constants 540: 505: 483: 461: 428: 397: 375: 334: 312: 290: 253: 220: 180:: "It is raining." 150:Fα: α is sleeping 87:empirical sciences 681: 680: 741: 724:Formal languages 702: 695: 688: 660: 653: 643: 642: 622: 612: 606: 603: 594: 585: 549: 547: 546: 541: 514: 512: 511: 506: 492: 490: 489: 484: 470: 468: 467: 462: 437: 435: 434: 429: 406: 404: 403: 398: 384: 382: 381: 376: 343: 341: 340: 335: 321: 319: 318: 313: 299: 297: 296: 291: 262: 260: 259: 254: 229: 227: 226: 221: 169:"It is raining." 45:descriptive sign 749: 748: 744: 743: 742: 740: 739: 738: 734:Semantics stubs 709: 708: 707: 706: 649: 647: 646: 639: 614: 613: 609: 604: 597: 586: 577: 572: 532: 531: 497: 496: 475: 474: 453: 452: 420: 419: 389: 388: 367: 366: 326: 325: 304: 303: 282: 281: 245: 244: 212: 211: 153:Gαβ: α hates β 110: 74:if it is not a 34:(also called a 20: 12: 11: 5: 747: 745: 737: 736: 731: 726: 721: 711: 710: 705: 704: 697: 690: 682: 679: 678: 661: 645: 644: 637: 607: 595: 588:Carnap, Rudolf 574: 573: 571: 568: 567: 566: 539: 504: 482: 460: 450: 427: 396: 374: 364: 333: 311: 289: 279: 252: 242: 219: 209: 191: 181: 171: 170: 158: 157: 154: 151: 141: 140: 137: 134: 122:interpretation 109: 106: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 746: 735: 732: 730: 727: 725: 722: 720: 717: 716: 714: 703: 698: 696: 691: 689: 684: 683: 677: 675: 671: 668:article is a 667: 662: 659: 655: 650: 640: 638:0-19-501491-X 634: 630: 626: 621: 620: 611: 608: 602: 600: 596: 593: 589: 584: 582: 580: 576: 569: 564: 560: 556: 552: 537: 529: 525: 521: 517: 495: 473: 451: 448: 444: 440: 425: 417: 413: 409: 387: 365: 362: 358: 354: 350: 346: 324: 302: 280: 277: 273: 269: 265: 243: 240: 236: 232: 210: 207: 203: 199: 195: 192: 189: 185: 182: 179: 176: 175: 174: 168: 165: 164: 163: 162: 155: 152: 149: 148: 147: 145: 138: 135: 132: 131: 130: 129: 125: 123: 119: 115: 107: 105: 102: 100: 96: 95:formal system 92: 88: 84: 79: 77: 73: 69: 65: 61: 58:(also called 57: 56: 51: 47: 46: 41: 40:formal system 37: 33: 29: 25: 24:Rudolf Carnap 22:According to 19: 674:expanding it 663: 648: 623:. New York: 618: 610: 591: 562: 558: 554: 550: 527: 523: 519: 515: 493: 471: 446: 442: 438: 415: 411: 407: 385: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 322: 300: 275: 271: 267: 263: 238: 234: 230: 205: 201: 197: 193: 187: 183: 177: 172: 166: 160: 159: 143: 142: 139:c: Aristotle 127: 126: 121: 117: 113: 111: 103: 90: 81:Attempts to 80: 75: 71: 67: 63: 59: 53: 49: 43: 35: 31: 21: 627:. pp.  133:a: Socrates 713:Categories 144:Predicates 97:for which 83:axiomatize 16:See also: 719:Semantics 666:semantics 538:∨ 503:∃ 481:∀ 459:∃ 426:∧ 395:∃ 373:∀ 332:∃ 310:∀ 288:∃ 251:∃ 218:∀ 120:under an 136:b: Plato 108:Examples 570:Sources 99:reality 635:  66:) and 664:This 118:false 28:logic 26:, in 670:stub 633:ISBN 114:true 85:the 116:or 62:or 715:: 631:. 629:56 598:^ 590:, 578:^ 146:: 78:. 701:e 694:t 687:v 676:. 641:. 563:z 561:, 559:y 557:, 555:x 553:( 551:H 530:) 528:z 526:, 524:a 522:( 520:G 518:( 516:z 494:y 472:x 447:z 445:, 443:a 441:( 439:G 418:) 416:x 414:( 412:F 410:( 408:z 386:x 361:z 359:, 357:y 355:, 353:x 351:( 349:H 347:( 345:z 323:y 301:x 276:z 274:, 272:a 270:( 268:G 266:( 264:z 239:x 237:( 235:F 233:( 231:x 206:c 204:, 202:a 200:, 198:b 196:( 194:H 188:a 186:( 184:F 178:p 167:p

Index

Interpretation (logic)
Rudolf Carnap
logic
formal system
descriptive sign
logical interpretations
axiomatize
empirical sciences
formal system
reality



Carnap, Rudolf


Elementary Logic, Second Edition
Oxford University Press
56
ISBN
0-19-501491-X
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semantics
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expanding it
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Semantics

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