227:(Frenchmen's children). In the northern part of Germany black people were so rare that most people had never seen one. Nazi Germans considered mixed race children, like Massaquoi, a threat to the racial purity they sought. Many black and mixed race children were rounded up and sterilized or used for scientific experiments. Some were held in concentration camps and some simply "disappeared." Massaquoi was fortunate enough not to be detained by the Nazis and explains that, "blacks were so few in numbers that they were relegated to low-priority status in the Nazis' lineup for extermination."
458:
233:
was established in 1926 to recruit soldiers, but in 1933 it transitioned to a new role teaching children loyalty to Hitler and Nazism. In German schools like the one
Massaquoi attended, children were taught "love for Hitler, obedience to state authority, militarism, racism, and anti-Semitism." When
27:
234:
Massaquoi describes his longing to be a "good German" like he was taught in school, and is greatly disappointed when he is told he cannot join the Hitler Youth like his classmates who all "had cool uniforms and they did exciting things — camping, parades, playing drums."
174:
to
Hamburg. When his father and grandfather went back to Liberia in 1929, his mother decided to stay in Germany. She made her living working as a nurse, and she and the little boy had to move from the elegant villa to a modest cold-water apartment in the workers' quarter
520:
282:
413:
353:
505:
515:
137:
500:
530:
490:
249:(Negro, Negro, Chimney Sweep), was a great success in Germany, remaining on top of the bestselling list of the German weekly
92:
495:
510:
171:
262:
377:
535:
525:
255:
for a couple of months. A screenplay has been adapted from the book and movie shooting started in 2005. The film
257:
197:
German was obliged to be a member. Because he was underweight, he was not drafted to join the German Army.
348:
26:
318:
223:
452:
382:
293:
141:
133:
99:
87:
441:
405:
343:
287:
154:
457:
229:
In the book, Hans
Massaquoi describes his childhood dream to join the Hitler Youth. The
437:
117:
484:
322:
210:
184:
465:
298:
230:
188:
176:
251:
214:
194:
180:
205:
In the 1930s only a few black people lived in
Germany, most of them in the
167:
106:
446:
218:
163:
162:. He was born in 1926 as son of a German mother and a law student from
159:
378:"Hans Massaquoi dies at 87; wrote of growing up black in Nazi Germany"
268:
was run first on
October 1 and 2 in 2006 as a two-parter on German
217:
France had recruited troops from its
African colonies, mainly from
166:, the only independent black African state at that time apart from
206:
179:. He was shunned but was never a target of Nazi persecution like
152:
In his 1999 autobiography the author, former managing editor of
269:
221:. These children in the French-occupied Rhineland were called
100:
187:
were. He was rebuffed when he applied for membership in the
20:
Destined to witness: growing up black in Nazi
Germany
129:
Destined to
Witness: Growing Up Black in Nazi Germany
118:
Destined to witness: growing up black in Nazi
Germany
112:
98:
86:
78:
68:
60:
52:
44:
36:
8:
19:
319:"Growing Up as a Black Kid in Nazi Germany"
456:
25:
18:
470:Library of Congress Information Bulletin
283:The Autobiography of an African Princess
414:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
354:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
310:
193:(Hitler Youth), while every young male
158:, tells the story of his growing up in
372:
370:
448:Neger, Neger, Schornsteinfeger (2006)
209:area, children of German mothers and
7:
238:Translation to German and screenplay
521:Works about German-American culture
466:"Growing Up Black in Nazi Germany"
14:
140:) is an autobiographical book by
464:Fischer, Audrey (March 2000).
247:Neger, Neger, Schornsteinfeger
16:1999 book by Hans J. Massaquoi
1:
344:"Blacks During the Holocaust"
506:African diaspora in Germany
48:Germany during World War II
552:
170:. His grandfather was the
516:Liberian-American history
70:Published in English
24:
501:Hamburg in World War II
172:Liberian consul-general
531:German autobiographies
491:1999 non-fiction books
410:Holocaust Encyclopedia
406:"Indoctrinating Youth"
349:Holocaust Encyclopedia
286:, written by his aunt
496:World War II memoirs
511:Books about Liberia
438:Destined to witness
258:Destined to Witness
245:, in German titled
243:Destined to Witness
21:
386:. January 22, 2013
383:Los Angeles Times
294:Rhineland Bastard
213:soldiers. During
142:Hans J. Massaquoi
125:
124:
543:
536:Massaquoi family
526:American memoirs
477:
460:
442:Internet Archive
425:
424:
422:
420:
402:
396:
395:
393:
391:
374:
365:
364:
362:
360:
340:
334:
333:
331:
329:
315:
288:Fatima Massaquoi
266:
102:
40:Hans J Massaquoi
29:
22:
551:
550:
546:
545:
544:
542:
541:
540:
481:
480:
463:
434:
429:
428:
418:
416:
404:
403:
399:
389:
387:
376:
375:
368:
358:
356:
342:
341:
337:
327:
325:
317:
316:
312:
307:
278:
260:
240:
228:
224:Franzosenkinder
203:
150:
71:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
549:
547:
539:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
483:
482:
479:
478:
461:
444:
433:
432:External links
430:
427:
426:
397:
366:
335:
309:
308:
306:
303:
302:
301:
296:
291:
277:
274:
239:
236:
211:French-African
202:
199:
149:
146:
138:978-0060959616
123:
122:
114:
110:
109:
104:
96:
95:
90:
84:
83:
82:xvi, 443 pages
80:
76:
75:
72:
69:
66:
65:
62:
58:
57:
54:
50:
49:
46:
42:
41:
38:
34:
33:
30:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
548:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
488:
486:
475:
471:
467:
462:
459:
454:
450:
449:
445:
443:
440: at the
439:
436:
435:
431:
415:
411:
407:
401:
398:
385:
384:
379:
373:
371:
367:
355:
351:
350:
345:
339:
336:
324:
323:Vice Magazine
320:
314:
311:
304:
300:
297:
295:
292:
289:
285:
284:
280:
279:
275:
273:
271:
267:
264:
259:
254:
253:
248:
244:
237:
235:
232:
226:
225:
220:
216:
212:
208:
200:
198:
196:
192:
191:
190:Hitler Jugend
186:
182:
178:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
156:
147:
145:
143:
139:
135:
131:
130:
120:
119:
115:
111:
108:
105:
103:
97:
94:
91:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
67:
63:
59:
56:Autobiography
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
35:
28:
23:
473:
469:
447:
417:. Retrieved
409:
400:
388:. Retrieved
381:
357:. Retrieved
347:
338:
326:. Retrieved
313:
299:Nazi Germany
281:
272:TV channel.
256:
250:
246:
242:
241:
231:Hitler Youth
222:
204:
189:
153:
151:
128:
127:
126:
116:
261: [
252:Der Spiegel
215:World War I
485:Categories
305:References
201:Background
93:0688171559
31:Book cover
419:March 30,
390:March 30,
359:March 30,
64:W. Morrow
61:Publisher
276:See also
168:Ethiopia
107:41464909
219:Senegal
177:Barmbek
164:Liberia
160:Hamburg
148:Content
45:Subject
455:
328:May 5,
136:
121:online
37:Author
265:]
207:Rhine
195:Aryan
155:Ebony
79:Pages
53:Genre
476:(3).
453:IMDb
421:2016
392:2016
361:2016
330:2016
185:Roma
183:and
181:Jews
134:ISBN
113:Text
101:OCLC
88:ISBN
74:1999
451:at
270:ZDF
487::
474:59
472:.
468:.
412:.
408:.
380:.
369:^
352:.
346:.
321:.
263:de
144:.
423:.
394:.
363:.
332:.
290:.
132:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
