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counterfeits, provide identifying information for traceability purposes (e.g. lot number, company name), determine mixing homogeneity and cross-contamination, and to detect dilution of proprietary products. Taggants are known to be widely used in the animal feed industry, plastics, inks, sheet and flexible
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opposed the mandated use of taggants in firearm propellants after tests revealed a dangerous increase in burn rates. It was claimed that a chemical incompatibility with the propellent powders would cause such an increase in pressures that many firearms would burst after using a taggant-laced powder
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These have been considered for introduction in industrial explosives so that the manufacturer and batch number can be determined if they are used illegally. The taggant must survive the detonation of the product and not be contaminated by the environment afterwards. Several different technologies
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is any chemical or physical marker added to materials to allow various forms of testing or detection. Physical taggants can take many different forms but are typically microscopic in size, included at low levels, and simple to detect. They can be utilized to differentiate authentic product from
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passed a law in 1980 requiring taggants in explosives manufactured there, and that the code must be changed every six months. So far it is the only country which requires identification taggants. Imported explosives must be tagged only if competing products are also manufactured in
Switzerland.
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that had been stored for as little as several months. However, these tests were performed on gunpowder with a taggant concentration of 500,000 parts per million (in other words, one-half), which is 2,000 times greater than the official recommended taggant concentration of 250 parts per million.
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When used as a chemical marker, taggants can be used for authentication of products and documents. Taggants are sometimes used by brand owners and governments to authenticate commonly counterfeited items. Taggants are integrated into the material of the item itself or into the packaging. Once
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470:. Contamination of the site is also cited as a problem, since different taggants might be present at a crime scene from, for example, explosives used to obtain the building materials.
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over
Scotland, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) was instrumental in effecting a worldwide requirement for placing a detection taggant in plastic bonded explosives.
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or specialised machines. They are intended to enhance the detectability of the explosive by instruments or animals thus revealing the presence of a bomb containing the
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is a cryptographic signature added to software that enables positive origin identification and integrity of programs. Software taggants use standard PKI techniques (see
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have been considered, but the most common are microscopic polymer/metallic particles. Taggant evidence was crucial in the 1980 conviction of James L. McFillin in
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for the post detonation of explosives. In 1985, Microtrace, LLC acquired the technology and began to utilize
Microtaggants for anti-counterfeiting and
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There are two types of taggant which have been considered for use with explosives. One is to help detect the presence of a
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by allowing wholesalers and pharmacists to determine the identity and dosage of individual products.
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Once integrated into an item, taggants should mark the item permanently and should not be removable
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There is a choice between four possible detection taggant chemicals which must be added to
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Taggants are uniquely encoded materials or chemistries that act as virtual "fingerprints"
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A contention claimed for opposing mandated taggants is that most terrorist attacks use
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to the containers holding each product. This technology may prevent the diversion or
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integrated, the taggants can only be verified with specially engineered readers.
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Convention on the
Marking of Plastic Explosives for the Purpose of Detection
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Taggants can be invisible to the naked eye or visible (covert or overt)
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Institute of
Explosive Manufacturers – Taggant history and background
608:"UNITED STATES of America, Appellee, v. James L. McFILLIN, Appellant"
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Taggant technology should be extremely difficult to reverse engineer
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the marker is always 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane, usually called
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637:, Karl S. Kruszelnicki, August 6, 1999. Retrieved 31 May 2016.
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for the 1979 truck bombing murder of Nathan A. Allen, Sr.
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The word 'taggant' originates from the trademarked name
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520:Common taggant anticounterfeiting applications
379:from the explosive and can be detected in the
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442:Identification (or post detonation) taggants
438:(o-MNT), and para-mononitrotoluene (p-MNT).
324:Microtaggants were originally developed by
61:Learn how and when to remove these messages
498:Common taggant anticounterfeiting features
304:in an attempt to control proliferation of
574:. International Milling Flour & Feed.
404:International Civil Aviation Organization
271:automated identification and data capture
238:Learn how and when to remove this message
220:Learn how and when to remove this message
118:Learn how and when to remove this message
587:"Validating Cross-Contamination Control"
322:"Microtaggant Identification Particles".
81:This article includes a list of general
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356:in identifying the explosive after the
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158:adding citations to reliable sources
585:Eisenberg, David (September 2006).
298:Industry Connections Security Group
87:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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460:1993 World Trade Center bombing
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50:or discuss these issues on the
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296:) and were introduced by the
610:. 12 August 1981. p. 57
531:Cigarette anticounterfeiting
426:. Other taggants in use are
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541:Fast-moving consumer goods
534:Alcohol anticounterfeiting
480:In the United States, the
424:ion mobility spectrometers
428:ethylene glycol dinitrate
294:public key infrastructure
525:Tax Stamp authentication
389:explosive to be detected
528:Banknote authentication
283:counterfeiting of drugs
259:, and pharmaceuticals.
102:more precise citations.
310:executable compression
594:Feed Industry Network
569:"Mix With Confidence"
154:improve this article
666:Explosive detection
456:homemade explosives
316:History of taggants
262:An RF taggant is a
629:Tagging Explosives
596:. Watt Publishing.
546:Building materials
543:anticounterfeiting
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676:Identifiers
634:ABC Science
614:October 29,
474:Switzerland
100:introducing
660:Categories
554:References
383:by either
381:atmosphere
368:These are
358:detonation
257:explosives
180:newspapers
83:references
47:improve it
418:or DMNB.
410:. In the
393:PanAm 103
377:evaporate
373:chemicals
267:microchip
169:"Taggant"
53:talk page
466:and the
449:Maryland
434:, ortho-
370:volatile
269:used in
671:Forgery
350:luggage
346:airport
306:malware
252:taggant
194:scholar
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432:Semtex
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85:, but
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416:DMDNB
273:(see
201:JSTOR
187:books
616:2014
420:Dogs
342:bomb
302:IEEE
275:RFID
173:news
482:NRA
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