386:
2553:, p. 243: A donative inscription of Harihara II states (Upādhyāy 1945: 23–24), “Śrī Saṅgameśvara was in the laudable Yadu family known as Yādavas, who are praiseworthy because of being born in the lineage of the Moon (Soma).” Another inscription affirms, “Lord Viṣṇu himself descended in the form of Saṅgam with the purpose of being born in the Moon (Candra) lineage.” Elsewhere Saṅgam was praised by saying that he adorned the Yadu lineage with his virtues the way the arrival of spring increases the beauty of all the seasons. Such claims make it clear that the founder of the Vijayanagar empire considered himself a Yādava.
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communities. Ranging below these are the various artisan and service groups – goldsmiths, blacksmiths, potters, barbers, washermen etc. This linkage of caste with profession is unique to the Indian caste system. Ambedkar had described caste as a "graded hierarchy" with a ascending ladder of status and a descending degree of contempt; Phule had talked of how the "ignorant Kunbi looked down on the ignorant Mahar, the ignorant Mahar scorned the ignorant Mang" – these were expressions of this hierarchy of caste, in which every group tried to claim a higher status than another.
2565:, p. 237,243: The history of South India shows clearly that all the southern royal dynasties who arose from pastoralist, cowherd groups gained Kshatriya status by claiming to be Moon lineage Kshatriyas, by taking Yadu as their ancestor, and by continually keeping alive their pride in being 'Yadavas'. Many dynasties in South India, from the Pallavas to the Yadavarayas, were originally members of pastoralist, cowherd groups and belonged to Kuruba lineages.
1623:
traditional occupation is cattle rearing and weaving of woolens. The 'Dhangad' and the 'Dhangar' are two distinct communities having no ethnic affinity at all. The
Dhangars who are shepherds have been notified as Nomadic tribe in the State of Maharashtra. Therefore, there is no printing mistake in the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Amendment) Act, 1976 through which the Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order, 1950 was amended.
977:. However, they were initially worshiped as a form of Shiva and underwent vaishnavization process to be worshiped as a form Vishnu. Yadava dynasties worshiped Vishnu and Shiva as a unity which are seen in the forms like Vithoba-Biroba, Vitthal-Birappa and Virupaksha-Vitthal. Emperors of Vijayanagara were devoted to both Virupaksha (earlier worshiped as Birappa) and Vitthal and built/extended their temples at both
3013:, p. 47:P. M. Chandorkar, using both literary and epigraphic sources has argued that the modern Ahirs and Gavlis - until recently cattle-keepers - should be identified with the Yadavas and Abhiras of the classical Sanskrit texts. He also notes that Khandesh, on the margin of the central Indian forests, was earlier known as the land of the Ahirs, and the local Marathi dialect continued to be called Ahirani.
249:, between 4000 and 10000 BC. The density and distribution patterns of the different groups of Dhangars seem to have been guided by the suitability of the region for the sustenance of the animals that they traditionally maintained and the products of those animals on which the specific groups subsisted. Ethno-historic investigations among the Dhangars suggest that the Kannade,
1164:, insisted cowherds, herdsmen and milksellers all over India to call themselves Yadav, adopt the last name "Yadav", and practice vegetarianism and teetotalism. Various communities, all over India, who were traditionally involved in cattle related occupations enthusiastically followed these recommendations. They claimed descendancy from the
3272:
As recent as on 17 January 2019, the
Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute (SCSTRTI) wrote a letter to the Principal Secretary to the Government of Uttar Pradesh stating the difference between Dhangar and Gaderia, and that the Hindi version of the word Dhangar is धंगड़
1479:
Gaja Nach, which literally means the dance of elephant, is a traditional dance of the
Dhangars. Since it is considered auspicious, the dance is also performed at the time of temple festivals. The dancers also hold colorful scarves which when moved in a swaying manner suggest the fanning of elephant's
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or Skanda, has especially one feature in common with other gods, namely that they all have two wives. One of his wife comes from the settled advanced communities who were either agricultural, but with a propensity towards cattle keeping, or the once influential merchant groups. The second wife of the
671:, especially southern Maharashtra – are continued to be called "Yāḍavas" in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. Similar to them, several royal families who enhanced the magnificence of Vitthal's worship are called "Yādavas". These families elevated their traditional pastoralist god (Vitthal) into a form of
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Another example of castes' successful efforts to raise their sacred status to twice-born are the Sagar
Rajputs of Poona district. Previously they were considered to be Dhangars—shepherds by occupation and Shudras by traditional varna. However, when their economic strength increased and they began to
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caste. But most of them had become powerful ruling families of importance. Their political power and their lowly origin had to be reconciled by assuming a higher status for themselves. In such cases
Yaduvamsha came in very handy and hence most of the dynasties professed to belong to Yaduvamsha. This
2347:
While the bulk of
Shivaji's men were naturally Marathas, they included not only the allied castes of Dhangars and Gowalas, shepherds and herdsmen, but many who had no claim to kinship. For example Shivaji's famous infantry was composed largely of Bhandaris and Kolis. The Ramoshis... who afterwards
1335:
and backward classes. While the social status of
Dhangars outside Konkan region is on par with Marathas and Kunbis, in Konkan Dhangars are ranked below them. The status was determined by the essential economic importance of their occupation. Dhangars were seasonal migrants to Konkan and while they
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There are two distinct communities having similar nomenclature, one is
Dhangad which is a sub-group of Oraon, a Scheduled Tribe appearing at S.No..36 of the List of Scheduled Tribes. The traditional occupation of this community is cultivation. There is another community known as 'Dhangar' whose
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There is a great hierarchy among the OBCs. The group considering themselves "highest" are the mainly peasant castes (Jats and Kurmis in north India, Kunbis in
Maharashtra, Vellalas in south India, etc); close to these are the herding (Yadavas, Dhangars, Korbis) and gardening (Malis, Sainis)
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as per the
Gazette notification issued in 1950 by the President/Indian Government. Therefore, the Gadaria community's धनगर cannot be included in the SC category since they are not a sub-caste in Dhangar and rather belong to the OBC category in the state of Uttar Pradesh.
377:
and Zende reared only Sheep. However, Hatkars in Sangli district also maintained cattle and some Zendes used to maintain ponies. Thellaris herded both sheep and cattle. Sangars were weavers of woolen blankets. In the past, some Dhangars were
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of Maharashtra. It is believed that this inscription has its origin between the first and the third century AD. Multiple theories have been proposed for the origin of the word Dhangar. It may be associated with a term for "cattle wealth".
651:-Dhangars underwent an occupational change from cattle keeping to sheep pastoralism because of the operational advantages offered by the sheep/goat pastoral system in the semi-arid grasslands. The original worshippers of pastoralist god
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would mean cowstall, sheepfold, a measure of land sufficient for sheepfold, cattle pound, a hamlet, a village, a place. He observes that Hatti-Karas are descendants of Patti-Janas, people who were settled in the south of
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origin and has Dhangar roots. He is still worshiped by Dhangars in his original pastoralist form. In Dhangar traditions he survives as a Gavli cowherd and continues his relationship with Dhangar's renowned popular god
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formed the infantry of Haidar and Tipu in Mysore, were relied an for the capture of the hill forts, while the outcaste Mahars and Mangs served in his artillery, and in the garrisons of these forts - Patrick Cadell
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The political, social, and religious history of the medieval period allows us to conclude that most of the royal families who connected themselves with Yadava clan, and who connected their god (
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acquire land, they found a genealogist to trace their ancestry back to a leading officer in Shivaji's army, changed their names from Dhangars to Sagar Rajputs, and donned the sacred thread.
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Dhangari Ovi is a type of folk singing, which is about women's work songs and the epic-length performances of Dhangars, in which sung verses alternate with narrative passages in prose.
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and Biroba are considered brothers by Dhangars and they worship them as inseparable companions. However, Initially they were worshiped independently among Dhangars. Present day
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The claim to "Yaduvamsha" was very popular in ancient and medieval India. Many dynasties were eager to associate themselves with the Yaduvamsha in which was born the great hero
141:
maintains that it is derived from Sanskrit word Dhang which means hill. Syed Siraj-Ul-Hassan noted that some people of his time believed the term to come from the Sanskrit "
30:
This article is about the pastoral community in Maharashtra and Goa. For the similarly-named tribe and language found in Jharkhand, West Bengal, Odisha and Chhattisgarh -
643:(Kuruba) engage in sheep/goat and cattle pastoralism, in that they either herd exclusively sheep, or a mixed herd of sheep and goats, or cattle. According to Sontheimer,
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2095:
566:(cowherds) practise hypergamy, each group taking wives from the one below, causing a superfluity of women at the top and a scarcity at the bottom of the social scale.
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965:) and became the principal deity of the state during their reign. Moreover, Biroba/Birappa has been exclusively a god of the Dhangars and Kurubas. On the other hand,
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Traditionally being shepherds, cowherds, buffalo keepers, blanket and wool weavers, butchers and farmers, the Dhangars were late to take up modern-day education. In
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in the Puranas. Secondly, the Puranas family were "Yādavas" and the South Indian pastoralists were "Yāḍavas". The difference between "ḍ" and "d" is subtle, and so
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was called Bara-Hatti which means country of twelve Hatkar-Dhangars. These twelve tribes later formed three sub-divisions and one half-division. These three being
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3171:
1084:. They are not completely identical and share many common features. Historically, they may be traced back to a prototype god who made his appearance in the early
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575:
1366:. When Brahmins are not easily available, the elders of the caste perform the ceremonies. The marriage ceremonies of Dhangars do not differ much from those of
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At present, the Dhangar community gets 3.5 per cent quota in government jobs and education under Nomadic Tribe (C) category, which comes under OBC category.
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1627:
On 17 January 2019, the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute (SCSTRTI) wrote a letter to the Principal Secretary to the
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The archaeological evidence and ethnographic data suggest that the contemporary Dhangar castes are the result of more than one migration from North-West
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1507:. The Dhangar community's population in Maharashtra is around 1.5 crore, which is 13% of the total 11.25 crore (112.5 million) population of the state.
3342:
The Dhangars come under nomadic tribe category within the larger OBC quota in Maharashtra, but were promised reservation under scheduled tribes in 2014
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As one example among thousands, a small caste living partly in the Nira Valley was formerly known as Shegar Dhangar and more recently as Sagar Rajput
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is considered the best breed of ponies in Deccan. It is believed that their superior excellence is due to the Dhangar's practice of castrating them.
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of Dhangars. Historians such as P. M. Chandorkar has used epigraphical evidence to argue that Ahirs and Gavlis are representative of the ancient
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885:, his original center of worship, is still surrounded by many Dhangar settlements and displays numerous marks of previous Kannada influence.
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1441:) communities. Ranging below these are the various artisan and service groups – goldsmiths, blacksmiths, potters, barbers, washermen etc.
1618:
According to the 27th report of Standing Committee on Labour and Welfare with regards to SCs and STs order (Second Amendment) Bill, 2002:
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in Goa, Karnataka, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Delhi. In Maharashtra, they are classified as a
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4104:
3256:"Adivasis and the Indian State: Deliberately misclassified as SC, Dhangar tribe in UP is being deprived of its constitutional rights"
2471:"Prehistoric Background to Pastoralism in the Southern Deccan in the Light of Oral Traditions and Cults of Some Pastoral Communities"
1291:, at one point ruled by the Abhiras, was formerly known as the land of the Ahirs, and Ahirs in the present day Khandesh region speak
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2636:""GIVE ME BACK MY BLANKET!" : VARKARI SAINTS STRIVING FOR THEIR BODIES (Metaphor and Metonymy in the Construction of Divinity)"
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Prof. Prabhu N Kokane,"Socio-Legal" Identification of Scheduled Castes/Tribes & Backward Classes (2007). Nanded, Maharashtra.
997:, under their care, grew from a small pastoral deity site to a major temple complex. Furthermore, Yadava Kings (Yadavarayas) of
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1113:, the pastoral class of Indian population was divided into two groups. First group was called cattle graziers which included
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27th report of Standing Committee on Labour and Welfare with regards to SCs and STs order (Second Amendment) Bill, 2002
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comes from the word Hatta-Desa, the settlement of Hatti-Karas. After the 12th century AD, the civil strife between the
1628:
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Dandekar, Ajay (August 1991). "Landscapes in Conflict: Flocks, Hero-stones, and Cult in Early Medieval Maharashtra".
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was afraid of them. It is on the historical record that for restraining the Hatkars, Nizam had sought help from the
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Malhotra, K., 1980a, "Inbreeding among the four Dhangar castes of Maharashtra. India". Collegium antropologicum, 3.
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1343:, were previously identified as shepherd by occupation and Shudra by Varna but later they changed their surname to
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or cowherd. To this original cause may perhaps be ascribed that great simplicity of manner which distinguishes the
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Saksena, R.N., and Chinchalkar, "Dhangars and Gadariyas: The Most backward divisions of Indian tribes and caste".
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Malhotra, K., 1984, "Population structure among the Dhangar caste cluster of Maharashtra", in J.R. Lukacs (ed.),
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1161:
294:
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4174:
3649:
2150:"The ecological basis of the geographical distribution of the Dhangars a pastoral caste cluster of Maharashtra"
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784:, two factors made it easy for medieval South Indian pastoralist groups to associate themselves to the famous
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belonged. First, by occupation these South Indian groups were herdsmen, cattle herders, just like the famous
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1390:
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and some were tenure-holders, holding lands either by a share or by paying a lump sum for a certain period.
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2296:"The Marginalization of a Dalit Martial Race in Late Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth-Century Western India"
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Prasad Satyanarain. "Modern education among the tribals of Bihar in the second half of the 19th century".
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had good and enduring relationships with farmers they provided only a valuable supplement to agriculture.
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1989:"ETYMOLOGY OF PLACE-NAMES PAṬṬI-HAṬṬI: Some observations on the History of Mahārāṣṭra & Karṇāṭaka"
1947:"ETYMOLOGY OF PLACE-NAMES PAṬṬI-HAṬṬI: Some observations on the History of Mahārāṣṭra & Karṇāṭaka"
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is the favorite god of the caste and is worshiped every Sunday and on Saturday – the light sixth of
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631:(derived from Danagara/Hattikara) refers to shepherd and Gavli means cowherd/milkman. Similarly in
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and Yaduvan means goat/sheep-herd. He further claims that Yadava is the original word and mythical
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3359:"Maharashtra Dhangar community to launch statewide agitation to press for quota under ST category"
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The Gavli or Dange Dhangars found in the coastal strip practiced cattle/buffalo/sheep herding and
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1515:, had said that "The situation of the Dhangars in some areas of the state was worse than that of
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Murthy, M.L.K. (1 February 1993). "Ethnohistory of pastoralism: A study of Kuruvas and Gollas".
273:, Zende, Thellari and Dange trace their origin to a single caste in the remote past, Shegars or
3894:
The Quotidian Revolution: Vernacularization, Religion, and the Premodern Public Sphere in India
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816:. This may not be altogether without any specific reason. It is difficult to find undisputably
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Social movements and social transformation: a study of two backward classes movements in India
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also claimed Yadava lineage. This claim legitimized the process of Aryanization. According to
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571:
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921:, where Virupa means strange looking or ugly, indicating the strange three eyes of Shiva and
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is derived from Yadava by back-formation. Similarly, Kuri means goat or sheep in Kannada and
17:
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2111:"Haptoglobin and acid phosphatase gene distributions in the Dhangars of Maharashtra, India"
149:, the word Danagãra means cowherd and is derived from Dana which means cattle. Dana is the
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745:, the capital of Seuna Yadavas, was founded by a king who was a Dhangar Gavli. Moreover,
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Malhotra, K., 1980b, "Matrimonial distances among four Dhangar castes of Maharashtra",
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Sacred Places of a Lifetime: 500 of the World's Most Peaceful and Powerful Destinations
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refers to the two parts, Hatak for Marhätta and Karnatak for Karnätaka, in one of his
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during the Middle Ages. This region was called Hatta-Desa. He theorizes that the word
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society consist of different allied castes of several denominations such as Ahir in
237:(wool and blanket weaver)/Sangar. All sub-castes fall in either of these divisions.
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3497:"Maharashtra Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis promises quota for Dhangar community"
1584:
1544:
1457:
1340:
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1263:, call themselves Dhangar gadaria. In North India the gadaria, who call themselves
1223:. On the other hand, Dhangar society in India includes Dhangars in Maharashtra and
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31:
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Presented to both Houses of Parliament by command of her majesty (10 July 1893).
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means eyes. Birappa, also known as Virappa, and Biroba are honorific versions of
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1184:, a cowherd, is the hero-god of Abhiras. This effort was part of the process of
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or Bande Dhangar is a distinct sub-caste from them. Hatkars were in the army of
448:
393:
318:
266:
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108:
60:
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and Aryanization. Soon, the adoption of the name Yadav began to take traction.
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The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity
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and are closely related to the Ladshe and Dange who have supposedly come from
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claim that they have nothing to do with the Dhangars and are descendants from
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2004:
1962:
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1831:"Patterns of Variation in a Caste-Cluster of Dhangars of Maharashtra, India"
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145:" ("cattle herder") but dismissed that etymology as being "fictitious". In
4124:
Sociology of Animal Husbandry: Studies Made in Five Villages in Karanataka
176:) is Gavli (milkman/cowherd) and Hatti means cattle pen or fold. Patti in
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Alternative Krishnas: Regional and Vernacular Variations on a Hindu Deity
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3334:"Maharashtra's OBC communities not happy with HC ruling on Maratha quota"
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god, often regarded as a concubine, comes from the pastoral communities.
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Dhangars were also known for producing fine breeds of cattle and ponies.
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Baviskar, B.S., "Co-operatives and caste in Maharashtra: A case study".
4175:"A Family Affair: Krishna comes to Pandharpur and makes Himself at Home"
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The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India, Volume IV of IV
2012:
1970:
554:" in its narrower use is applied to a society in which Rajputs or quasi-
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version of the word Dhangar is धंगड़ (Dhangad), which is classified as
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1228:
1169:
1142:
1130:
1025:
966:
942:
890:
878:
869:
865:
849:
845:
825:
817:
789:
769:
761:
718:
702:
686:
676:
652:
551:
532:
520:
480:
436:
432:
428:
314:
310:
306:
278:
258:
146:
4037:
India's Silent Revolution: The Rise of the Lower Castes in North India
1092:) literature of the second to fourth century AD in which he is called
1032:, they increased the splendor of the worship of Malhar, who was their
701:
power and epigraphic evidence suggests that Seunas too emerged from a
5491:
5456:
5307:
5277:
5214:
5152:
5137:
5117:
5040:
4982:
4977:
4902:
4897:
4871:
4826:
4811:
4806:
4765:
4750:
4689:
4659:
4654:
4644:
4634:
4629:
4594:
4574:
4548:
4477:
4426:
1592:
1548:
1469:
1430:
1370:
1344:
1320:
1256:
1146:
1134:
1061:
1049:
1037:
974:
958:
910:
886:
874:
829:
797:
738:
722:
672:
648:
640:
628:
616:
555:
541:
508:
488:
452:
444:
408:
404:
389:
374:
370:
366:
362:
354:
270:
254:
250:
226:
173:
165:
87:
2311:
985:, and Virabhadra temple at Lepakshi. Similarly, during the reign of
949:
respectively. According to the traditional sources, founders of the
3472:"Demands for quotas from new groups add to Maharashtra govt's woes"
1830:
201:'s capital) split this land into two, into Marhätta and Karnätaka.
5585:
5496:
5476:
5466:
5403:
5361:
5269:
5219:
5190:
5030:
5020:
4942:
4937:
4917:
4876:
4851:
4745:
4694:
4669:
4614:
4604:
4553:
4487:
4472:
1596:
1583:
category. On the other hand, Dhangad (cultivators), also known as
1536:
1438:
1426:
1418:
1414:
1268:
1248:
1236:
1232:
1192:
1157:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1081:
1013:
978:
914:
706:
664:
563:
559:
528:
524:
492:
476:
468:
464:
427:
Dhangars are noted for their martial qualities. A large number of
384:
286:
246:
230:
112:
104:
56:
4366:
3820:
The Myth of the Lokamanya: Tilak and Mass Politics in Maharashtra
3571:
Ministry of Tribal Affairs, Government of India (December 2002).
2452:
section: Kingship and Kshatriyization of the Pastoral Communities
1758:"Ecology of a pastoral caste: Gavli Dhangars of peninsular India"
1267:, were at one time a wing of Dhangar society. Ahir is one of the
4786:
4699:
4609:
4579:
4452:
1165:
1153:
813:
785:
612:
440:
416:
365:
and Zade herded sheep and wove woolen blankets. Dhangar, Hande,
350:
5234:
4370:
3880:
Caste in India: its Nature, Function and Origins, third edition
3798:
The Politics of the Urban Poor in Early Twentieth-Century India
1725:
Global Encyclopaedic Enthnography Of Indian Muslim(3 Vols. Set)
1591:
in the states of Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and
741:) means Gavli (cowherd). According to the traditional sources,
5273:
4082:. Ministry of Information & Broadcasting, Govt. of India.
2421:
2419:
1410:
1244:
1224:
217:
Initially there were twelve tribes of Dhangar, and they had a
68:
4145:
The Experience of Hinduism: Essays on Religion in Maharashtra
4100:
A social history of the Deccan, 1300–1761: eight Indian lives
3704:
Rise of a Folk God: Vitthal of Pandharpur South Asia Research
833:
claim gave them a higher status they very much liked to have.
168:-Dhangar) is a compound of two words of the same meaning. In
1231:, and Kuruba both in Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. However,
3310:
Central Commission for Backward Classes (20 October 2020).
3288:
Central Commission for Backward Classes (20 October 2020).
3232:
Central Commission for Backward Classes (20 October 2020).
3210:
Central Commission for Backward Classes (20 October 2020).
3188:
Central Commission for Backward Classes (20 October 2020).
3166:
Central Commission for Backward Classes (20 October 2020).
3144:
Central Commission for Backward Classes (20 October 2020).
3122:
Central Commission for Backward Classes (20 October 2020).
2614:
2612:
2610:
2090:
Central Commission for Backward Classes (20 October 2020).
1563:
in those respective states while Bharwad is classified as
1452:(literally "father swordsman"), the guardian deity of the
1001:
enhanced the worship of Venkateshwara and built/extended
153:
of Dhana, which comes from Go-dhana which means cattle in
3946:
on 5 December 2020 – via Government of Maharashtra.
3083:
Inside-Outside: Two Views of Social Change in Rural India
2974:"Govt gives another push to get ST tag for Dhangar-Gouly"
1894:
1892:
1799:"Govt gives another push to get ST tag for Dhangar-Gouly"
1659:
community's धनगर (Dhangar) should not be included in the
1527:
Dhangar vs Dhangad issue in Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra
483:
in large numbers and were known for their bravery in the
467:
Dhangars or "shepherds with the spears" and were perhaps
4058:
Southern India: A Guide to Monuments Sites & Museums
1921:
1919:
1647:, as per the Gazette notification issued in 1950 by the
4362:
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
2695:
2693:
2510:
2508:
2394:
2392:
2235:
2233:
2220:
2218:
1695:
Singh, K. S.; India, Anthropological Survey of (1998).
1425:
in south India, etc.), close to these are the herding (
1251:
of Maharashtra prefer to be known as Ahir Dhangars and
1129:. The second group was called shepherds which included
1040:
of Khandoba was substantially enlarged by Holkar queen
99:). Some Gavlis live in forested hill tracts of India's
1152:
In the early 1920s, the leaders from the North Indian
860:, a scholar of the religious traditions of Maharashtra
607:
origin, meaning "herder". Yadu means goat or sheep in
3603:
The castes and tribes of H.E.H. the Nizam's dominions
2913:
2911:
79:
in southern Maharashtra, Goa and northern Karnataka,
2640:
Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute
2017:जयदेवी जयदेवी जयवेद माते, हाटक कर्नाटक करुणा कल्लोळी
1993:
Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute
1951:
Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute
1405:, The group considering themselves "highest" in the
5573:
5547:
5511:
5444:
5428:
5412:
5391:
5375:
5349:
5316:
5285:
5173:
5063:
5008:
4955:
4885:
4779:
4718:
4567:
4531:
4440:
4404:
3205:
3203:
3080:Baviskar, B. S.; Attwood, D. W. (30 October 2013).
2581:. The Mysore University, Mysore, 1935. p. 68.
1080:. All of these gods are said to be incarnations of
1028:, who were of Dhangar origin, came to power in the
713:mentions that, because of the civil strife between
623:Danagara/Hattikara/Gavli means cowherd/milkman, in
265:and might have migrated to the present habitats in
3849:This Fissured Land: An Ecological History of India
3817:
941:" are honorific suffixes indicating fatherhood in
487:. "Naik" and "Rao" were the titles given to them.
221:amongst brothers of one family. The nation around
2790:. National Geographic Society. pp. 123–124.
2075:Critical Enquiry Vol.VI Issue IV. Oct.- Dec. 2014
1499:but in 2014 were seeking to be reclassified as a
1358:for religious and ceremonial purposes, and these
3975:Gonds Of The Central Indian Highlands, Volume II
3139:
3137:
2469:Sontheimer, Günther D.; Murty, M. L. K. (1980).
1068:and northwestern Andhra Pradesh are devotees of
507:, belonged to the Hatkar Dhangar sub-caste, the
1982:
1980:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1620:
973:are derived from the same god and are forms of
842:
810:
548:
517:
4308:, Vol. I No 4, Calcutta, 1958, pp. 22–25.
3999:A Dictionary of the Economic Products of India
3161:
3159:
5246:
4382:
4226:Environment and Ethnicity in India, 1200-1991
3942:. Maharashtra State Gazetteer. Archived from
1722:Mishra, N. K. Singh and A. P. (August 2008).
639:is synonymous with Gavli but both Gollas and
576:William Wyse Professor of Social Anthropology
540:Colonel Tone, Commander of a regiment in the
447:Dhangars, who are found mainly in the former
42:. For the town in Sagar district, India, see
8:
3931:– via Anthropological Survey of India.
3644:– via Anthropological Survey of India.
3305:
3303:
3249:
3247:
527:or farmer, The Dhangar or shepherd, and the
4107:, vol. 8, Cambridge University Press,
2837:"Yadavas hail restoration of 'Golla Mirasi"
2085:
2083:
2081:
1631:stating the difference between Dhangar and
1362:are received on terms of equality by other
961:origin. Virupaksha was their family deity (
679:and accorded high prestige to his worship.
471:or mounted troopers during the time of the
5253:
5239:
5231:
5005:
4437:
4389:
4375:
4367:
3824:. University of California Press. p.
2601:
2251:
2063:
1531:Dhangar (shepherds) is a sub-caste of the
1315:varna in hindu varna system. According to
917:. Virupaksha is a sanskritized version of
697:respectively. Furthermore, Hoysalas was a
519:"The three great tribes which compose the
4247:(1989). Sontheimer, Gunther-Dietz (ed.).
3283:
3281:
3227:
3225:
3183:
3181:
2929:
2464:
2462:
2460:
1476:are other popular gods amongst Dhangars.
4276:. Routledge (Taylor and Francis Group).
3327:
3325:
3109:
3046:
2822:
2747:
2629:
2627:
2526:
2410:
2185:
2148:Gadgil, Madhav; Malhotra, K. C. (1981).
1940:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1898:
1883:
1667:category in the state of Uttar Pradesh.
1409:category are mainly the peasant castes (
1377:Affirmative action: Reservation in India
1295:dialect which is continued to be called
1096:. Murukan, who is later identified with
1016:worshiped by Dhangars in Maharashtra is
828:. Most of the dynasties belonged to the
749:are traditionally called "Gavli Kings".
689:were originally pastoralists, and ruled
4026:. Archaeological Survey of India, 2014.
3433:
3409:
2892:General Report on Census of India, 1891
2877:
2684:
1687:
1468:is worshiped daily in every household.
4079:Celebration of life:Indian folk dances
3918:People of India: Maharashtra, Volume 1
3655:The Tribes and Castes of Bombay, Vol 1
3631:People of India: Maharashtra, Volume 2
3421:
3352:
3350:
3034:
2998:
2941:
2383:
2371:
2359:
2239:
1925:
1910:
1859:
4304:Chaubey Ganesh, "The Dhangar Songs",
3954:Pastoralists and Nomads in South Asia
3546:Government of India (31 March 2020).
3521:Government of India (31 March 2020).
3470:Kulkarni, Dhaval (10 February 2014).
3457:
3445:
3062:Land Tenure and Peasant in South Asia
2865:
2810:
2771:
2759:
2735:
2723:
2711:
2699:
2672:
2618:
2578:The Mysore Tribes and Castes Volume 1
2562:
2550:
2514:
2499:
2398:
2224:
2197:
1327:though 15 percent resembles those of
1227:, Gadaria in North India, Bharwad in
562:(farmers), Dhangars (shepherds), and
269:at different points of time. Whereas
132:" is inscribed in a Buddhist cave in
7:
3548:2011 Census of India Scheduled Tribe
3523:2011 Census of India Scheduled Caste
3022:
3010:
2538:
2209:
2173:
1559:. Gadaria, Kuruba are classified as
1460:day – with offerings of sweetmeats.
1076:in Andhra Pradesh are worshipers of
705:-speaking background. In one of his
515:say that he was a Khutekar Dhangar.
103:. However, there are many distinct
4023:Socio-economic Archaeology of India
3190:Central List of OBCs Madhya Pradesh
2917:
1871:
1495:, the Dhangars are classified as a
1339:The Shegar Dhangars, also known as
913:are the same god and are a form of
725:(Hatta-Desa) was split into Hatak (
4105:The New Cambridge History of India
3234:Central List of OBCs Uttar Pradesh
3086:. SAGE Publications. p. 389.
2835:Rangarajan, A. d. (12 June 2020).
1728:. Global Vision Publishing House.
1663:category and rather belong to the
824:dynasties, particularly after the
25:
4250:Pastoral Deities in Western India
4127:. Associated Publishing Company.
4040:. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers.
3852:. University of CaliforniaPress.
3707:. Oxford University Press, 2011.
3357:Jog, Sanjay (21 September 2020).
3254:Nangal, Preeti (29 August 2019).
1829:Malhotra, K. C. (December 2001).
1307:The Dhangars are the main stream
411:named Gowdia who owned cattle in
55:are caste of people found in the
3939:Maharashtra: Land and its people
3290:Central List of OBCs Uttarakhand
3212:Central List of OBCs Chattisgarh
3059:Frykenberg, Robert Eric (1984).
2954:Rao, M. S. A. (29 August 1964).
2092:Central List of OBCs Maharashtra
1587:, Dhanka and Dom, are listed as
852:, arose from pastoralist groups.
838:Historian A. V. Narasimha Murthy
752:Apart from Seunas and Hoysalas,
587:Relationship with Deccan Yadavas
491:were a dread to others and even
415:. Similarly, Dhangar or Khilari
407:, was pioneered by a Dhangar of
883:Temple of Vitthal at Pandharpur
317:-Dhangar, having migrated from
38:(Kurukh language dialect), see
4002:. Cambridge University Press.
3978:. Concept Publishing Company.
3801:. Cambridge University Press.
3780:. Cambridge University Press.
3658:. Asian Educational Services.
3606:. Asian Educational Services.
3600:Hassan, Syed Siraj ul (1989).
3379:Omvedt, Gail (10 April 2012).
3332:Ghoge, Ketaki (28 June 2019).
3146:Central List of OBCs Karnataka
2109:Malhotra, K. C. (April 1977).
1756:Malhotra, K. C. (March 1982).
1:
5436:Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhu
5286:Maratha and associated groups
4412:Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhu
4273:Nomads in the Sedentary World
3897:. Columbia University Press.
2988:– via Associated Press.
2960:Economic and Political Weekly
1813:– via Associated Press.
1513:Chief Minister of Maharashtra
1385:, Dhangars are classified as
443:Dhangars. On the other hand,
333:, the remaining groups speak
172:, the meaning of Hatti-Kara (
18:Dhangar Scheduled tribe issue
5622:Social groups of Maharashtra
3816:Cashman, Richard I. (1975).
3777:Caste, Conflict and Ideology
3168:Central List of OBCs Gujarat
2784:National Geographic (2008).
2300:The Journal of Asian Studies
1677:List of Kurubas and Dhangars
1655:. They recommended that the
1607:Dhangad or Dom is listed as
655:– the Gollas and Kurubas of
403:, a mixture with a breed of
5326:Chitrapur Saraswat Brahmins
4253:. Oxford University Press.
4229:. University of Cambridge.
3774:O'Hanlon, Rosalind (2002).
3685:. Sundeep Prakashan, 1978.
2956:"Caste and the Indian Army"
1701:. Oxford University Press.
1629:Government of Uttar Pradesh
1579:category within the larger
1551:caste in Karnataka and the
1323:of Dhangars are similar to
1279:mentioned in the classical
1048:. Similar to Dhangars, the
499:. While some sources claim
329:and probably migrated from
5648:
5331:Kudaldeshkar Gaud Brahmins
5009:Immigrant Jain communities
3883:. Oxford University Press.
3312:Central List of OBCs Delhi
2762:, p. 237,239,240,267.
2440:10.1177/025764309300900102
2294:Constable, Philip (2001).
2157:South Asian Anthropologist
2043:10.1177/025764309100700207
1674:
1575:, the Dhangars come under
858:Ramchandra Chintaman Dhere
423:Role in the Maratha Empire
75:. They are referred to as
29:
5341:Rajapur Saraswat Brahmins
4358:Pastoral People Worldwide
4142:Zelliot, Eleanor (1988).
4097:Eaton, Richard M (2005),
3951:Sontheimer, G.D. (1975).
2634:Glushkova, Irina (2000).
2273:. Library of Alexandria.
1235:is a distinct caste from
1162:All-India Yadav Mahasabha
993:the temple of Vitthal at
619:means shepherd. While in
392:used by Dhangar tribe of
95:in northern Maharashtra (
4441:Agricultural communities
4323:The People of South Asia
4316:South Asian Anthropology
4121:Vignesha, M. S. (1993).
4055:Michell, George (2014).
3795:Gooptu, Nandini (2001).
3578:(Report). Archived from
3553:(Report). Archived from
3528:(Report). Archived from
3314:(Report). Archived from
3292:(Report). Archived from
3236:(Report). Archived from
3214:(Report). Archived from
3192:(Report). Archived from
3170:(Report). Archived from
3148:(Report). Archived from
3126:(Report). Archived from
3124:Central List of OBCs Goa
3065:. Manohar. p. 197.
2897:(Report). Archived from
2094:(Report). Archived from
1835:Collegium Antropologicum
1105:Relationship with Yadavs
599:etymology. According to
40:Dhangar (disambiguation)
4301:, XVIII:2:1969:148-166.
4171:Novetzke, Christian Lee
3889:Novetzke, Christian Lee
3753:Erdosy, George (1995).
1567:in Gujarat, in India's
1397:category. According to
1259:(Madhya Pradesh), like
1160:community, who founded
580:University of Cambridge
233:or Dange (cowherd) and
44:Dhangar, Madhya Pradesh
27:Shepherd caste in India
5336:Gaud Saraswat Brahmins
5298:Gomantak Maratha Samaj
4741:Gomantak Maratha Samaj
4532:Mercantile communities
3936:Pathak, A. S. (2009).
3679:The Shepherds of India
2932:, p. 189,194-196.
1625:
1199:, Thetwar and Raot in
1156:and the Maharashtrian
953:, who belonged to the
889:worship these gods as
863:
841:
584:
547:
396:
164:, Hatakara-Dhanagara (
85:in Andhra Pradesh and
5539:Mangalorean Catholics
5083:Maharashtrian Muslims
4539:Gaud Saraswat Brahmin
4299:Sociological Bulletin
4032:Jaffrelot, Christophe
3972:Mehta, B. M. (1984).
3921:. Popular Prakashan.
3759:. Walter de Gruyter.
3634:. Popular Prakashan.
3628:Bhanu, B. V. (2004).
3365:on 10 November 2020.
3340:on 10 November 2020.
2267:(28 September 2020).
1987:Joshi, S. B. (1952).
1945:Joshi, S. B. (1952).
1569:system of reservation
1505:system of reservation
1383:system of reservation
1347:and started wearing
388:
309:. On the other hand,
297:, a mixed dialect of
261:were originally from
241:Historical migrations
5627:Social groups of Goa
4339:, XXV:2: 1977:14–17.
4332:, LI:4:1971:365-393.
4270:Wink, Andre (2001).
4223:Guha, Sumit (2006).
4205:. Delhi: Macmillan.
4076:Jiwan, Pani (2000).
4018:Dhavalikar, Madhukar
3152:on 22 December 2018.
2265:Russell, Robert Vane
2098:on 10 November 2020.
1665:Other Backward Class
1581:Other Backward Class
1561:Other Backward Class
1407:Other Backward Class
1395:Other Backward Class
1393:, which comes under
1387:Other Backward Class
1283:works. Furthermore,
1111:1891 Census of India
1003:Venkateshwara Temple
595:does not have known
505:Maratha Indore state
353:, Halmat, Khutekar,
347:shifting cultivation
5581:Caste system in Goa
5519:Bombay East Indians
5503:Siddis of Karnataka
5203:Bombay East Indians
4886:Nomadic communities
4568:Artisan communities
3957:. O. Harrassowitz.
3913:Singh, Kumar Suresh
3728:The World of Nomads
3723:Shashi, Shyam Singh
3674:Shashi, Shyam Singh
3585:on 24 October 2020.
3560:on 7 November 2013.
3535:on 20 October 2020.
3318:on 20 October 2020.
3296:on 20 October 2020.
3240:on 20 October 2020.
3218:on 20 October 2020.
3196:on 20 October 2020.
3174:on 20 October 2020.
3130:on 20 October 2020.
3001:, p. 29,44,47.
2904:on 28 October 2020.
2575:Iyer, L.K. (1988).
2115:Journal of Genetics
1698:India's Communities
951:Vijayanagara Empire
756:'s founders of the
754:Vijayanagara Empire
601:Franklin Southworth
558:, at the top, with
550:In fact, the word "
497:British Indian army
191:Yadavas of Devagiri
139:Bhagwan Lal Indraji
5383:Chitpavan Brahmins
5303:Naik Maratha Samaj
5198:Marathi Christians
5128:Muslim Chhaparband
5064:Muslim communities
4780:Tribal communities
4719:Priest communities
4353:Dhangar gotra list
3875:Hutton, John Henry
3501:The Economic Times
3387:on 15 October 2020
2980:. 9 September 2020
2978:The Times of India
2944:, p. 205–210.
2813:, p. 241-245.
2774:, p. 238-242.
2726:, p. 243-244.
2714:, p. 241,242.
2621:, p. 246,247.
2502:, p. 237-238.
2428:Studies in History
2127:10.1007/BF02984224
2031:Studies in History
1805:. 9 September 2020
1803:The Times of India
1777:10.1007/BF01531107
1317:Shyam Singh Shashi
574:, former chair of
439:footmen were West-
397:
375:Kurmar-hattikankan
323:Sanskrit and Hindi
219:division of labour
5599:
5598:
5529:Karwari Catholics
5228:
5227:
5186:Marathi Buddhists
5174:Other communities
5059:
5058:
4951:
4950:
4405:Hindu Communities
4236:978-0-521-02870-7
4134:978-81-85211-33-6
4114:978-0-521-25484-7
4047:978-1-85065-670-8
3904:978-0-231-54241-8
3844:Guha, Ramachandra
3835:978-0-52002-407-6
3808:978-0-521-44366-1
3787:978-0-521-52308-0
3738:978-81-8382-051-6
3699:Dhere, Ramchandra
3613:978-81-206-0488-9
2797:978-1-4262-0336-7
2602:Dhavalikar (2014)
2529:, pp. 51–54.
2252:Sontheimer (1975)
2064:Sontheimer (1975)
1735:978-81-8220-297-9
1708:978-0-19-563354-2
1653:Indian Government
1611:whereas Oraon as
1509:Devendra Fadnavis
1487:Current situation
1433:) and gardening (
1172:, hence the term
1109:According to the
804:"Yāḍavas" became
772:, and rulers of
721:, the country of
603:, it might be of
572:John Henry Hutton
503:, Founder of the
501:Malhar Rao Holkar
355:Kurmar-Unnikankan
325:. Telangi speaks
293:", also known as
91:in Karnataka and
16:(Redirected from
5639:
5574:Related articles
5255:
5248:
5241:
5232:
5006:
4956:Jain communities
4438:
4391:
4384:
4377:
4368:
4287:
4264:
4240:
4216:
4192:
4166:
4164:
4162:
4138:
4117:
4093:
4072:
4051:
4027:
4013:
3989:
3968:
3947:
3932:
3908:
3884:
3870:
3868:
3866:
3839:
3823:
3812:
3791:
3770:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3718:
3694:
3684:
3669:
3645:
3624:
3622:
3620:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3577:
3568:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3552:
3543:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3527:
3518:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3507:
3493:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3482:
3467:
3461:
3455:
3449:
3443:
3437:
3431:
3425:
3419:
3413:
3407:
3401:
3400:
3394:
3392:
3383:. Archived from
3376:
3370:
3369:
3361:. Archived from
3354:
3345:
3344:
3336:. Archived from
3329:
3320:
3319:
3307:
3298:
3297:
3285:
3276:
3275:
3269:
3267:
3251:
3242:
3241:
3229:
3220:
3219:
3207:
3198:
3197:
3185:
3176:
3175:
3163:
3154:
3153:
3141:
3132:
3131:
3119:
3113:
3107:
3101:
3100:
3077:
3071:
3070:
3056:
3050:
3044:
3038:
3032:
3026:
3020:
3014:
3008:
3002:
2996:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2970:
2964:
2963:
2951:
2945:
2939:
2933:
2930:Jaffrelot (2003)
2927:
2921:
2915:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2896:
2887:
2881:
2875:
2869:
2863:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2843:. Archived from
2832:
2826:
2820:
2814:
2808:
2802:
2801:
2781:
2775:
2769:
2763:
2757:
2751:
2745:
2739:
2733:
2727:
2721:
2715:
2709:
2703:
2697:
2688:
2682:
2676:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2631:
2622:
2616:
2605:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2572:
2566:
2560:
2554:
2548:
2542:
2536:
2530:
2524:
2518:
2512:
2503:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2481:(1/2): 163–184.
2466:
2455:
2454:
2423:
2414:
2408:
2402:
2396:
2387:
2381:
2375:
2369:
2363:
2357:
2351:
2350:
2344:
2342:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2261:
2255:
2249:
2243:
2237:
2228:
2222:
2213:
2207:
2201:
2195:
2189:
2183:
2177:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2154:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2087:
2076:
2073:
2067:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2026:
2020:
2019:
1984:
1975:
1974:
1942:
1929:
1923:
1914:
1908:
1902:
1896:
1887:
1881:
1875:
1869:
1863:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1826:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1762:
1753:
1740:
1739:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1692:
1589:Scheduled Tribes
1517:Scheduled Tribes
1421:in Maharashtra,
1417:in north India,
1354:Dhangars employ
1319:, 80 percent of
1311:, they resemble
1064:in northwestern
1052:in southwestern
1046:Tukojirao Holkar
1044:and her general
1042:Ahilyabai Holkar
1012:Another form of
861:
839:
788:family from the
729:) and Karnatak (
667:and Dhangars of
582:
545:
451:, especially in
431:'s most trusted
115:is one of them.
21:
5647:
5646:
5642:
5641:
5640:
5638:
5637:
5636:
5602:
5601:
5600:
5595:
5569:
5560:Konkani Muslims
5543:
5534:Koli Christians
5512:Roman Catholics
5507:
5472:Gauda and Kunbi
5440:
5424:
5408:
5387:
5371:
5345:
5312:
5281:
5259:
5229:
5224:
5208:Koli Christians
5169:
5133:Muslim Raj Gond
5108:Deccani Muslims
5071:Konkani Muslims
5055:
5004:
4947:
4881:
4775:
4714:
4563:
4527:
4436:
4417:Marathi Brahmin
4400:
4395:
4349:
4294:
4292:Further reading
4284:
4269:
4261:
4243:
4237:
4222:
4213:
4195:
4189:
4169:
4160:
4158:
4156:
4141:
4135:
4120:
4115:
4096:
4090:
4075:
4069:
4054:
4048:
4030:
4016:
4010:
3992:
3986:
3971:
3965:
3950:
3935:
3929:
3911:
3905:
3887:
3873:
3864:
3862:
3860:
3842:
3836:
3815:
3809:
3794:
3788:
3773:
3767:
3752:
3743:
3741:
3739:
3731:. Lotus Press.
3721:
3715:
3697:
3682:
3672:
3666:
3650:Enthoven, R. E.
3648:
3642:
3627:
3618:
3616:
3614:
3599:
3596:
3591:
3590:
3582:
3575:
3570:
3569:
3565:
3557:
3550:
3545:
3544:
3540:
3532:
3525:
3520:
3519:
3515:
3505:
3503:
3495:
3494:
3490:
3480:
3478:
3469:
3468:
3464:
3456:
3452:
3444:
3440:
3432:
3428:
3420:
3416:
3408:
3404:
3390:
3388:
3381:"Who are OBCs?"
3378:
3377:
3373:
3356:
3355:
3348:
3331:
3330:
3323:
3309:
3308:
3301:
3287:
3286:
3279:
3265:
3263:
3253:
3252:
3245:
3231:
3230:
3223:
3209:
3208:
3201:
3187:
3186:
3179:
3165:
3164:
3157:
3143:
3142:
3135:
3121:
3120:
3116:
3110:Enthoven (1990)
3108:
3104:
3094:
3079:
3078:
3074:
3058:
3057:
3053:
3047:Feldhaus (1989)
3045:
3041:
3033:
3029:
3021:
3017:
3009:
3005:
2997:
2993:
2983:
2981:
2972:
2971:
2967:
2953:
2952:
2948:
2940:
2936:
2928:
2924:
2916:
2909:
2901:
2894:
2889:
2888:
2884:
2876:
2872:
2864:
2860:
2850:
2848:
2847:on 14 June 2020
2834:
2833:
2829:
2823:Novetzke (2016)
2821:
2817:
2809:
2805:
2798:
2783:
2782:
2778:
2770:
2766:
2758:
2754:
2748:Novetzke (2005)
2746:
2742:
2734:
2730:
2722:
2718:
2710:
2706:
2698:
2691:
2683:
2679:
2671:
2667:
2633:
2632:
2625:
2617:
2608:
2600:
2596:
2589:
2574:
2573:
2569:
2561:
2557:
2549:
2545:
2537:
2533:
2527:Novetzke (2016)
2525:
2521:
2513:
2506:
2498:
2494:
2468:
2467:
2458:
2425:
2424:
2417:
2411:Vignesha (1993)
2409:
2405:
2397:
2390:
2382:
2378:
2370:
2366:
2358:
2354:
2340:
2338:
2312:10.2307/2659700
2293:
2292:
2288:
2281:
2263:
2262:
2258:
2250:
2246:
2238:
2231:
2223:
2216:
2208:
2204:
2196:
2192:
2186:Enthoven (1990)
2184:
2180:
2172:
2168:
2152:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2089:
2088:
2079:
2074:
2070:
2062:
2058:
2028:
2027:
2023:
1986:
1985:
1978:
1944:
1943:
1932:
1924:
1917:
1909:
1905:
1899:Feldhaus (1989)
1897:
1890:
1884:Enthoven (1990)
1882:
1878:
1870:
1866:
1858:
1854:
1828:
1827:
1818:
1808:
1806:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1760:
1755:
1754:
1743:
1736:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1709:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1673:
1661:Scheduled Caste
1641:Scheduled Caste
1635:, and that the
1613:Scheduled Tribe
1609:Scheduled Caste
1565:Scheduled Tribe
1529:
1501:Scheduled Tribe
1489:
1447:
1403:Bharat Patankar
1381:As per India's
1379:
1305:
1285:Khandesh region
1219:, and Gopas in
1186:Sanskritization
1168:dynasty of the
1107:
955:Sangama dynasty
862:
856:
840:
837:
758:Sangama dynasty
687:Hoysala Yadavas
589:
583:
570:
546:
544:'s army in 1798
539:
463:, are known as
425:
401:Khillari cattle
343:
341:Past occupation
243:
215:
126:
121:
97:Khandesh region
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5645:
5643:
5635:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5612:Herding castes
5604:
5603:
5597:
5596:
5594:
5593:
5591:Konkani people
5588:
5583:
5577:
5575:
5571:
5570:
5568:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5551:
5549:
5545:
5544:
5542:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5524:Goan Catholics
5521:
5515:
5513:
5509:
5508:
5506:
5505:
5500:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5448:
5446:
5442:
5441:
5439:
5438:
5432:
5430:
5426:
5425:
5423:
5422:
5416:
5414:
5410:
5409:
5407:
5406:
5401:
5395:
5393:
5389:
5388:
5386:
5385:
5379:
5377:
5373:
5372:
5370:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5353:
5351:
5347:
5346:
5344:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5322:
5320:
5314:
5313:
5311:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5289:
5287:
5283:
5282:
5260:
5258:
5257:
5250:
5243:
5235:
5226:
5225:
5223:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5211:
5210:
5205:
5195:
5194:
5193:
5183:
5177:
5175:
5171:
5170:
5168:
5167:
5166:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5080:
5079:
5078:
5067:
5065:
5061:
5060:
5057:
5056:
5054:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5012:
5010:
5003:
5002:
5001:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4959:
4957:
4953:
4952:
4949:
4948:
4946:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4889:
4887:
4883:
4882:
4880:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4783:
4781:
4777:
4776:
4774:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4722:
4720:
4716:
4715:
4713:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4571:
4569:
4565:
4564:
4562:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4535:
4533:
4529:
4528:
4526:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4444:
4442:
4435:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4422:Pathare Prabhu
4419:
4414:
4408:
4406:
4402:
4401:
4398:Marathi people
4396:
4394:
4393:
4386:
4379:
4371:
4365:
4364:
4355:
4348:
4347:External links
4345:
4344:
4343:
4340:
4333:
4326:
4319:
4312:
4309:
4302:
4293:
4290:
4289:
4288:
4282:
4266:
4265:
4259:
4245:Feldhaus, Anne
4241:
4235:
4220:
4211:
4193:
4187:
4181:. SUNY Press.
4167:
4154:
4148:. SUNY Press.
4139:
4133:
4118:
4113:
4094:
4088:
4073:
4067:
4061:. Roli Books.
4052:
4046:
4028:
4014:
4008:
3990:
3984:
3969:
3963:
3948:
3933:
3927:
3909:
3903:
3885:
3871:
3858:
3840:
3834:
3813:
3807:
3792:
3786:
3771:
3765:
3750:
3737:
3719:
3713:
3695:
3670:
3664:
3646:
3640:
3625:
3612:
3595:
3592:
3589:
3588:
3563:
3538:
3513:
3488:
3462:
3460:, p. 292.
3450:
3438:
3436:, p. 117.
3434:Zelliot (1988)
3426:
3424:, p. 169.
3414:
3410:Cashman (1975)
3402:
3371:
3346:
3321:
3299:
3277:
3243:
3221:
3199:
3177:
3155:
3133:
3114:
3112:, p. 317.
3102:
3092:
3072:
3051:
3049:, p. 105.
3039:
3027:
3015:
3003:
2991:
2965:
2946:
2934:
2922:
2920:, p. 141.
2907:
2882:
2878:Michell (2014)
2870:
2868:, p. 239.
2858:
2827:
2815:
2803:
2796:
2776:
2764:
2752:
2750:, p. 116.
2740:
2728:
2716:
2704:
2702:, p. 237.
2689:
2687:, p. 170.
2685:Zelliot (1988)
2677:
2675:, p. 248.
2665:
2646:(1/4): 15–34.
2623:
2606:
2604:, p. 274.
2594:
2587:
2567:
2555:
2543:
2541:, p. 231.
2531:
2519:
2517:, p. 247.
2504:
2492:
2456:
2415:
2403:
2401:, p. 241.
2388:
2376:
2374:, p. 266.
2364:
2352:
2306:(2): 439–478.
2286:
2279:
2256:
2254:, p. 139.
2244:
2229:
2227:, p. 498.
2214:
2212:, p. 295.
2202:
2200:, p. 747.
2190:
2188:, p. 321.
2178:
2166:
2140:
2101:
2077:
2068:
2066:, p. 140.
2056:
2037:(2): 301–324.
2021:
1999:(1/4): 41–56.
1976:
1957:(1/4): 41–56.
1930:
1928:, p. 166.
1915:
1913:, p. 183.
1903:
1901:, p. 101.
1888:
1886:, p. 368.
1876:
1874:, p. 129.
1864:
1852:
1816:
1790:
1771:(1): 107–143.
1741:
1734:
1714:
1707:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1675:Main article:
1672:
1671:Notable people
1669:
1541:Madhya Pradesh
1528:
1525:
1488:
1485:
1446:
1443:
1378:
1375:
1304:
1301:
1213:Andhra Pradesh
1201:Madhya Pradesh
1176:, through the
1106:
1103:
1054:Andhra Pradesh
1030:Maratha Empire
999:Tondaimandalam
854:
835:
737:, Hatti-Kara (
657:Andhra Pradesh
588:
585:
568:
537:
523:caste are the
513:Holkar dynasty
485:Maratha Empire
473:Maratha Empire
424:
421:
342:
339:
331:Andhra Pradesh
242:
239:
214:
211:
125:
122:
120:
117:
93:Gavli Dhangars
73:Madhya Pradesh
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5644:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5609:
5607:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5578:
5576:
5572:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5552:
5550:
5546:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5516:
5514:
5510:
5504:
5501:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5449:
5447:
5443:
5437:
5434:
5433:
5431:
5427:
5421:
5418:
5417:
5415:
5411:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5396:
5394:
5390:
5384:
5381:
5380:
5378:
5374:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5354:
5352:
5348:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5323:
5321:
5319:
5315:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5290:
5288:
5284:
5279:
5275:
5271:
5267:
5266:social groups
5263:
5262:Ethnic groups
5256:
5251:
5249:
5244:
5242:
5237:
5236:
5233:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5200:
5199:
5196:
5192:
5189:
5188:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5178:
5176:
5172:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5085:
5084:
5081:
5077:
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5072:
5069:
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5066:
5062:
5052:
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5047:
5044:
5042:
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5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5013:
5011:
5007:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4965:
4964:
4963:Marathi Jains
4961:
4960:
4958:
4954:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
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4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4890:
4888:
4884:
4878:
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4868:
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4858:
4855:
4853:
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4800:
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4782:
4778:
4772:
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4759:
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4752:
4749:
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4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4723:
4721:
4717:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4705:Twashta Kasar
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
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4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4605:Dhobi (Parit)
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
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4499:
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4479:
4476:
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4471:
4469:
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4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
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4445:
4443:
4439:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4409:
4407:
4403:
4399:
4392:
4387:
4385:
4380:
4378:
4373:
4372:
4369:
4363:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4350:
4346:
4341:
4338:
4334:
4331:
4327:
4324:
4320:
4317:
4313:
4310:
4307:
4303:
4300:
4296:
4295:
4291:
4285:
4283:9780203037201
4279:
4275:
4274:
4268:
4267:
4262:
4260:9780195055009
4256:
4252:
4251:
4246:
4242:
4238:
4232:
4228:
4227:
4221:
4219:
4214:
4212:9780333902554
4208:
4204:
4203:
4198:
4197:Rao, M. S. A.
4194:
4190:
4188:0-7914-6415-6
4184:
4180:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4157:
4155:0-88706-662-3
4151:
4147:
4146:
4140:
4136:
4130:
4126:
4125:
4119:
4116:
4110:
4106:
4102:
4101:
4095:
4091:
4085:
4081:
4080:
4074:
4070:
4068:9788174369208
4064:
4060:
4059:
4053:
4049:
4043:
4039:
4038:
4033:
4029:
4025:
4024:
4019:
4015:
4011:
4009:9781108068765
4005:
4001:
4000:
3995:
3991:
3987:
3985:9788170228509
3981:
3977:
3976:
3970:
3966:
3964:9783447015523
3960:
3956:
3955:
3949:
3945:
3941:
3940:
3934:
3930:
3928:9788179911006
3924:
3920:
3919:
3914:
3910:
3906:
3900:
3896:
3895:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3881:
3876:
3872:
3861:
3855:
3851:
3850:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3831:
3827:
3822:
3821:
3814:
3810:
3804:
3800:
3799:
3793:
3789:
3783:
3779:
3778:
3772:
3768:
3766:9783110144475
3762:
3758:
3757:
3751:
3740:
3734:
3730:
3729:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3714:9780199777648
3710:
3706:
3705:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3681:
3680:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3665:9788120606302
3661:
3657:
3656:
3651:
3647:
3643:
3641:9788179911013
3637:
3633:
3632:
3626:
3615:
3609:
3605:
3604:
3598:
3597:
3593:
3581:
3574:
3567:
3564:
3556:
3549:
3542:
3539:
3531:
3524:
3517:
3514:
3502:
3498:
3492:
3489:
3477:
3473:
3466:
3463:
3459:
3454:
3451:
3448:, p. 63.
3447:
3442:
3439:
3435:
3430:
3427:
3423:
3422:Hassan (1989)
3418:
3415:
3412:, p. 11.
3411:
3406:
3403:
3399:
3386:
3382:
3375:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3353:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3328:
3326:
3322:
3317:
3313:
3306:
3304:
3300:
3295:
3291:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3261:
3260:Firstpost.com
3257:
3250:
3248:
3244:
3239:
3235:
3228:
3226:
3222:
3217:
3213:
3206:
3204:
3200:
3195:
3191:
3184:
3182:
3178:
3173:
3169:
3162:
3160:
3156:
3151:
3147:
3140:
3138:
3134:
3129:
3125:
3118:
3115:
3111:
3106:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3093:9788132118657
3089:
3085:
3084:
3076:
3073:
3069:
3064:
3063:
3055:
3052:
3048:
3043:
3040:
3037:, p. 34.
3036:
3035:Shashi (2011)
3031:
3028:
3025:, p. 83.
3024:
3019:
3016:
3012:
3007:
3004:
3000:
2999:Shashi (2011)
2995:
2992:
2979:
2975:
2969:
2966:
2961:
2957:
2950:
2947:
2943:
2942:Gooptu (2001)
2938:
2935:
2931:
2926:
2923:
2919:
2914:
2912:
2908:
2900:
2893:
2886:
2883:
2880:, p. 78.
2879:
2874:
2871:
2867:
2862:
2859:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2831:
2828:
2825:, p. 94.
2824:
2819:
2816:
2812:
2807:
2804:
2799:
2793:
2789:
2788:
2780:
2777:
2773:
2768:
2765:
2761:
2756:
2753:
2749:
2744:
2741:
2738:, p. 82.
2737:
2732:
2729:
2725:
2720:
2717:
2713:
2708:
2705:
2701:
2696:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2681:
2678:
2674:
2669:
2666:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2630:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2598:
2595:
2590:
2588:9780836425352
2584:
2580:
2579:
2571:
2568:
2564:
2559:
2556:
2552:
2547:
2544:
2540:
2535:
2532:
2528:
2523:
2520:
2516:
2511:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2496:
2493:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2413:, p. 47.
2412:
2407:
2404:
2400:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2386:, p. 15.
2385:
2384:Shashi (2011)
2380:
2377:
2373:
2372:Erdosy (1995)
2368:
2365:
2362:, p. 19.
2361:
2360:Hutton (1961)
2356:
2353:
2349:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2290:
2287:
2282:
2280:9781465583024
2276:
2272:
2271:
2266:
2260:
2257:
2253:
2248:
2245:
2242:, p. 52.
2241:
2240:Pathak (2009)
2236:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2206:
2203:
2199:
2194:
2191:
2187:
2182:
2179:
2176:, p. 84.
2175:
2170:
2167:
2162:
2158:
2151:
2144:
2141:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2105:
2102:
2097:
2093:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2078:
2072:
2069:
2065:
2060:
2057:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1926:Hassan (1989)
1922:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1911:Shashi (2006)
1907:
1904:
1900:
1895:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1880:
1877:
1873:
1868:
1865:
1862:, p. 47.
1861:
1860:Shashi (2011)
1856:
1853:
1848:
1844:
1841:(2): 425–42.
1840:
1836:
1832:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1804:
1800:
1794:
1791:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1765:Human Ecology
1759:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1731:
1727:
1726:
1718:
1715:
1710:
1704:
1700:
1699:
1691:
1688:
1681:
1678:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1645:Uttar Pradesh
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1624:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1577:Nomadic Tribe
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1497:Nomadic Tribe
1494:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1391:Nomadic Tribe
1388:
1384:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1352:
1350:
1349:sacred thread
1346:
1342:
1341:Sagar Rajputs
1337:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1233:Dhangar Gavli
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1207:, Idaiyan in
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
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1136:
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1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1038:Jejuri temple
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1010:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
971:Venkateshwara
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
871:
867:
859:
853:
851:
847:
834:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
809:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
750:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
683:Seuna Yadavas
680:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
597:Indo European
594:
586:
581:
577:
573:
567:
565:
561:
557:
553:
543:
536:
534:
530:
526:
522:
516:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
422:
420:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
395:
391:
387:
383:
381:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
340:
338:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
275:Sagar Rajputs
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
240:
238:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
212:
210:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
183:Narmada River
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
160:According to
158:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
135:
134:Pune district
131:
123:
118:
116:
114:
113:Dhangar Gavli
110:
106:
102:
101:Western Ghats
98:
94:
90:
89:
84:
83:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
5555:Goan Muslims
5461:
5420:Vaishya Vani
5376:Konkanasthas
5367:Bhatt Prabhu
5026:Jaiswal Jain
4928:Phase Pardhi
4761:Kudaldeshkar
4559:Vaishya Vani
4467:
4336:
4330:Man in India
4329:
4322:
4315:
4305:
4298:
4272:
4249:
4225:
4201:
4178:
4161:20 September
4159:. Retrieved
4144:
4123:
4099:
4078:
4057:
4036:
4022:
3998:
3994:Watt, George
3974:
3953:
3944:the original
3938:
3917:
3893:
3879:
3863:. Retrieved
3848:
3819:
3797:
3776:
3755:
3742:. Retrieved
3727:
3703:
3678:
3654:
3630:
3617:. Retrieved
3602:
3594:Bibliography
3580:the original
3566:
3555:the original
3541:
3530:the original
3516:
3506:20 September
3504:. Retrieved
3500:
3491:
3479:. Retrieved
3475:
3465:
3458:Dhere (2011)
3453:
3446:Jiwan (2000)
3441:
3429:
3417:
3405:
3396:
3389:. Retrieved
3385:the original
3374:
3366:
3363:the original
3341:
3338:the original
3316:the original
3294:the original
3271:
3264:. Retrieved
3259:
3238:the original
3216:the original
3194:the original
3172:the original
3150:the original
3128:the original
3117:
3105:
3097:
3082:
3075:
3066:
3061:
3054:
3042:
3030:
3018:
3006:
2994:
2982:. Retrieved
2977:
2968:
2959:
2949:
2937:
2925:
2899:the original
2885:
2873:
2866:Dhere (2011)
2861:
2849:. Retrieved
2845:the original
2840:
2830:
2818:
2811:Dhere (2011)
2806:
2786:
2779:
2772:Dhere (2011)
2767:
2760:Dhere (2011)
2755:
2743:
2736:Eaton (2005)
2731:
2724:Dhere (2011)
2719:
2712:Dhere (2011)
2707:
2700:Dhere (2011)
2680:
2673:Dhere (2011)
2668:
2643:
2639:
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