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168:(PTZ), for security, surveillance, and/or monitoring purposes. Such cameras are designed to be small, easily hidden, and able to operate unattended; those used in industrial or scientific settings are often meant for use in environments that are normally inaccessible or uncomfortable for humans, and are therefore hardened for such hostile environments (e.g.
390:
With the advent of digital video capture, the distinction between professional video cameras and movie cameras has disappeared as the intermittent mechanism has become the same. Nowadays, mid-range cameras exclusively used for television and other work (except movies) are termed professional video
407:. The discs were unplayable with the technology of the time although later advances allowed the video to be recovered in the 1980s. The first experiments with using tape to record a video signal took place in 1951. The first commercially released system was Quadruplex videotape produced by
132:(EFP). Such cameras generally offer extremely fine-grained manual control for the camera operator, often to the exclusion of automated operation. They usually use three sensors to separately record red, green and blue.
85:, military/tactical, and industrial operations where surreptitious or remote viewing is required. In the second mode the images are recorded to a storage device for archiving or further processing; for many years,
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in 1956. Two years later Ampex introduced a system capable of recording colour video. The first recording systems designed to be mobile (and thus usable outside the studio) were the
725:
154:), and similar applications. Since the transition to digital video cameras, most cameras have in-built recording media and as such are also camcorders.
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technique that was first proposed in 1972. Practical digital video cameras were enabled by DCT-based video compression standards, including the
81:
images directly to a screen for immediate observation. A few cameras still serve live television production, but most live connections are for
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Early video could not be directly recorded. The first somewhat successful attempt to directly record video was in 1927 with
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While some video cameras have built in lenses others use interchangeable lenses connected via a range of mounts. Some like
265:, supplanted the Nipkow system by the 1930s. These remained in wide use until the 1980s, when cameras based on solid-state
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Matsumoto, Kazuya; et al. (1985). "A new MOS phototransistor operating in a non-destructive readout mode".
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318:. The first semiconductor image sensor was the charge-coupled device, invented at Bell Labs in 1969, based on
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or other recording device in one unit; these are mobile, and were widely used for television production,
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Video cameras are used primarily in two modes. The first, characteristic of much early broadcasting, is
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and monitoring tasks in which unattended recording of a situation is required for later analysis.
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practical, since the output of the sensor is digital so it does not need conversion from analog.
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and used in experimental broadcasts through the 1910s–1930s. All-electronic designs based on the
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gave a boost to digital video cameras. By the early 21st century, most video cameras were
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SPIE Proceedings Vol. 1900: Charge-Coupled
Devices and Solid State Optical Sensors III
668:(12 July 1993). Blouke, Morley M. (ed.). "Active pixel sensors: are CCDs dinosaurs?".
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systems starting with the Sony DV-2400 in 1967. This was followed in 1981 by the
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was the primary format used for this purpose, but was gradually supplanted by
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system where the tape recorder was built into the camera making a camcorder.
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industry but have since become widely used for a variety of other purposes.
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in 1985, which led to the development of the CMOS active-pixel sensor at
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Special camera systems are used for scientific research, e.g. on board a
280:(CMOS sensor) eliminated common problems with tube technologies such as
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776:"A Review of the Pinned Photodiode for CCD and CMOS Image Sensors"
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101:. Recorded video is used in television production, and more often
55:
29:
357:. The most important compression algorithm in this regard is the
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Practical digital video cameras were also enabled by advances in
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Audiovisual
Quality Assessment and Prediction for Videotelephony
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331:
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use. Such cameras are often tuned for non-visible radiation for
564:"1960: Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) Transistor Demonstrated"
672:. Charge-Coupled Devices and Solid State Optical Sensors III.
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302:(MOS) technology, which originates from the invention of the
443:
come from still photography. A further set of mounts like
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Buckingham, David; Willett, Rebekah; Pini, Maria (2011).
676:. International Society for Optics and Photonics: 2–14.
241:
The earliest video cameras were based on the mechanical
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Camera used for electronic motion picture acquisition
314:
image sensors, including the CCD and later the CMOS
113:
Modern video cameras have numerous designs and use:
872:"How I Came Up With the Discrete Cosine Transform"
843:Intelligent Multimedia Data Hiding: New Directions
435:are designed for movie cameras while others like
66:. Video cameras were initially developed for the
960:Home Truths?: Video Production and Domestic Life
539:The Electronics Revolution: Inventing the Future
909:"'Phonovision': 1927-28 « the Dawn of TV"
952:
950:
8:
780:IEEE Journal of the Electron Devices Society
963:. University of Michigan Press. p. 9.
840:Huang, Hsiang-Cheh; Fang, Wai-Chi (2007).
805:
803:
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658:
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529:
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326:active-pixel sensor was later invented at
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172:, high heat, or toxic chemical exposure).
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310:in 1959. This led to the development of
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833:
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158:often have 360° recording capabilities.
189:have built-in video cameras and even
7:
986:"The RedShark Guide to Lens Mounts"
621:Japanese Journal of Applied Physics
193:can capture video in 4K resolution.
128:-based or mobile in the case of an
447:exist for applications like CCTV.
25:
595:Scientific charge-coupled devices
462:Digital single-lens reflex camera
306:(MOS field-effect transistor) at
38:camera, formerly manufactured by
1025:
1013:
984:Rhodes, Phil (4 February 2018).
929:"A History of Videotape, Part 1"
345:, due to the impractically high
182:a live video feed to a computer.
376:introduced from 1988 onwards.
1:
1030:The dictionary definition of
927:Marsh, Alex (27 July 2017).
890:10.1016/1051-2004(91)90086-Z
816:. Springer. pp. 11–13.
598:. SPIE Press. pp. 3–4.
542:. Springer. pp. 245–8.
810:Belmudez, Benjamin (2014).
774:; Hondongwa, D. B. (2014).
130:electronic field production
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592:James R. Janesick (2001).
118:Professional video cameras
62:, which records images on
877:Digital Signal Processing
793:10.1109/JEDS.2014.2306412
472:Professional video camera
359:discrete cosine transform
336:Jet Propulsion Laboratory
300:metal–oxide–semiconductor
162:Closed-circuit television
148:electronic news gathering
77:, where the camera feeds
54:instrument that captures
846:. Springer. p. 41.
536:Williams, J. B. (2017).
120:, such as those used in
572:Computer History Museum
284:and streaking and made
206:artificial intelligence
178:are video cameras that
138:combine a camera and a
726:"Active Pixel Sensors"
374:video coding standards
164:(CCTV) generally uses
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482:Television production
477:Recording at the edge
271:charge-coupled device
224:and heat sensing) or
166:pan–tilt–zoom cameras
122:television production
33:
1022:at Wikimedia Commons
641:10.1143/JJAP.24.L323
457:Digital movie camera
191:high-end smartphones
18:Digital video camera
682:1993SPIE.1900....2F
633:1985JaJAP..24L.323M
316:active-pixel sensor
278:active-pixel sensor
568:The Silicon Engine
381:digital television
379:The transition to
355:uncompressed video
152:citizen journalism
58:, as opposed to a
44:
1018:Media related to
970:978-0-472-05137-3
935:. Duke University
853:978-3-540-71169-8
823:978-3-319-14166-4
700:10.1117/12.148585
605:978-0-8194-3698-6
549:978-3-319-49088-5
492:Video camera tube
363:lossy compression
343:video compression
298:image sensors is
251:Vladimir Zworykin
247:video camera tube
228:(for medical and
212:research, and in
150:(ENG) (including
126:television studio
16:(Redirected from
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870:(January 1991).
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401:John Logie Baird
353:requirements of
322:technology. The
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259:Philo Farnsworth
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772:Fossum, Eric R.
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752:on 9 March 2019
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722:Fossum, Eric R.
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691:10.1.1.408.6558
666:Fossum, Eric R.
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467:FireWire camera
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385:digital cameras
263:image dissector
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230:video astronomy
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75:live television
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993:. Retrieved
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937:. Retrieved
932:
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875:
868:Ahmed, Nasir
862:
842:
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786:(3): 33–43.
783:
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754:. Retrieved
747:the original
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627:(5A): L323.
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269:such as the
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103:surveillance
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91:optical disc
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60:movie camera
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939:11 February
423:Lens mounts
405:Phonovision
296:solid-state
243:Nipkow disk
202:space probe
187:smartphones
144:home movies
97:, and then
1044:Categories
933:Bitstreams
884:(1): 4–5.
577:August 31,
518:References
497:Videograph
255:Iconoscope
249:, such as
136:Camcorders
68:television
36:Flip video
1055:Recording
756:8 October
686:CiteSeerX
649:108450116
487:Three-CCD
391:cameras.
361:(DCT), a
351:bandwidth
338:in 1993.
308:Bell Labs
198:satellite
170:radiation
124:, may be
95:hard disk
87:videotape
79:real time
990:RedShark
743:18831792
724:(2007).
708:10556755
451:See also
437:Canon EF
413:Portapak
289:workflow
218:infrared
210:robotics
83:security
995:3 March
678:Bibcode
629:Bibcode
445:S-mount
433:Arri PL
417:Betacam
328:Olympus
237:History
214:medical
176:Webcams
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