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progress”. Kyrgyzstan was selected as a pilot country for the Global Action Plan for
Healthy Lives and Wellbeing for All (GAP) in the WHO European region, signing a joint statement of partnership to pledge commitment to supporting the national health priorities – in the case of Kyrgyzstan, these priorities are well-articulated in the Health 2030 policy programme. The GAP coordination efforts focused on four priority accelerator areas: - Sustainable financing for health - Primary health care - Determinants of health - Data and digital health To support these priorities, the country-level Development Partner Coordination Council for Health (DPCC) meets on a quarterly basis and is coordinated by WHO. The United National Development System Inter-agencry SDG Work Group also works to support by meeting on a monthly basis to coordinate efforts from United Nations bodies to advance the 2030 agenda and advocate with key stakeholders and government.
521:'s health system has suffered increasing shortages of health professionals and medicine. Kyrgyzstan must import nearly all its pharmaceuticals. The increasing role of private health services has supplemented the deteriorating state-supported system. In the early 2000s, public expenditures on health care decreased as a percentage of total expenditures, and the ratio of population to number of doctors increased substantially, from 296 per doctor in 1996 to 355 per doctor in 2001. A national primary-care health system, the
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system at the time. Based on this evaluation, Kyrgyzstan’s
Ministry of Health established a working group in 2017 to design a service framework and roadmap for the development of CVD care systems under the coordination of the WHO Regional Office for Europe and the WHO Country Office in Kyrgyzstan. Healthy Person - Prosperous Country is aiming for universal health coverage by 2030. To address issues in fragmentation of clinical pathways and lack of effective guideline implementation, the programme incorporates
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resulting from exposure to air pollution in children because it leads to acute lower respiratory infections, as well as chronic conditions like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Prenatal exposure to air pollution can also predispose people to cardiovascular disease later in life, and high levels of air pollution could contribute to cardiovascular disease as the leading cause of death in
Kyrgyzstan (see table in Health Challenges section).
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radicalisation and child labour as climate-related poverty increases. Lifelong impacts of these threats on children include reduced physical and cognitive development and long-term mental and physical health complications and, as a result, lower lifetime earning potential, as well as a greater reliance on functioning public services such as school and hospitals equipped with sufficient electricity for lighting and heating, and water for sanitation.
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income. In regards to the right to health amongst the adult population, the country achieves only 90.3% of what is expected based on the nation's level of income. Kyrgyzstan falls into the "very bad" category when evaluating the right to reproductive health because the nation is fulfilling only 55.0% of what the nation is expected to achieve based on the resources (income) it has available.
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442:. Generally, this is due to its central position in a large continental landmass, the high contribution of weather and climate related activities due to its economy, its very high reliance on water resources for food and energy production, a rugged, steep, and often unproductive topography, and its limited ability to cope with climate change due to limited resource availability.
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system under the
Mandatory Health Insurance Fund (MHIF), which covers a defined package of publicly covered services called the State-Guaranteed Benefits Programme (SGBP) Only 69% of the population was covered by the MHIF in 2019, and many services require co-payments. This is a decline in coverage
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Exposure to air pollution prenatally can alter neurological responses and impair cognition throughout life. Children’s lungs are also especially vulnerable to air pollution, and function of the lungs can be permanently altered during fetal or early post-natal life. There is a large burden of disease
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Climate change will likely reduce the national budget due to these impacts on
Kyrgyzstan's agricultural and energy industries, and therefore also investments in services to protect its population from health impacts of climate change. Public services like schools, health centres, and social support
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To address health challenges in the country, several strategies are also working in tandem with the
Healthy Person - Prosperous Country programme to adapt the global SDG targets related to health and wellbeing to the national context. These include the National Development Strategy for the Kyrgyz
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In 2016, WHO reviewed heart attack and stroke services in
Kyrgyzstan, and demonstrated that most patents were not diagnosed or treated on time due to fragmentation of clinical pathways and lack of clear implementation of guidelines recommendations, despite CVD being a priority of the health reform
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Decision-making around health policy is primarily within of the
Ministry of Health, which is responsible for national health policies, health protection, and health insurance, though external development officers like WHO have been supporting health system reform. Under the current Healthy Person-
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Air pollution is the biggest environmental risk factor for premature death and ill-health of children and adults in
Kyrgyzstan. A 2023 study on the health and social impacts of air pollution on women and children in Bishkek found that air pollution levels in Bishkek were far above those known to
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in 2019. Almost two thirds of this goes towards medical devices and pharmaceuticals which are either excluded from the SGBP pr require large co-payments. The rest is due to co-payments for inpatient services and a smaller proportion to outpatients and dental services. In terms of social security
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The Human Rights
Measurement Initiative finds that Kyrgyzstan is fulfilling 81.2% of what it should be fulfilling for the right to health based on its level of income. When looking at the right to health with respect to children, Kyrgyzstan achieves 98.4% of what is expected based on its current
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There have been around US$ 200 million in investments to address climate change since Kyrgyzstan’s independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. The money came from government, development banks, multilateral and bilateral sources, and primarily targeted agriculture, water management, and natural
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Kyrgyzstan heavily relies on its glacial meltwater for agriculture and energy, which is a seasonal process in which glaciers and snowfields amass snow and ice throughout the winter, then release it as water into streams, rivers, and lakes as it melts during spring and summer. Hydroelectric power
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In 2019, Kyrgyzstan ranked 48 out of 162 countries in the Global SDG Index and Dashboards Report, which ranks countries by an aggregate SDG index of overall performance. In SDG 3, the goal targeting health and wellbeing, 71.6% of targets were achieved in Kyrgyzstan, considered “moderately good
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UNICEF started the Healthy Environments for Healthy Children (HEHC) Global framework in 2021, which includes identifying air pollution as the leading environmental risk for mortality and burden of disease among children. From this, an online course on children’s environmental health is being
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Prosperous Country programme of health system reform (2019-2030) the national Public Health Coordinating Council is being revised, with the goal of strengthening the role of local authorities to improve coordination and intersectoral cooperation in implementing successful health programmes.
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There have been four major health reforms since Kyrgyzstan's independence from the Soviet Union in 1991: Manas (1996-2005), Manas Taalimi (2006-2011), Den Sooluk (2012-2016, then extended to 2018), and now the current health reform programme is known as Healthy Person - Prosperous Country
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Children are most vulnerable to climate impacts, which include a higher susceptibility to vector-borne diseases, undernutrition, respiratory infections caused by air pollution, physical danger associated with flooding and landslides and a higher risk of abuse, exploitation, trafficking,
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Republic 2018-2040 and the Development Programme of the Kyrgyz Republic 2018-2022: Unity. Trust. Creation. The Kyrgyz Government joined the International Health Partnership for UHC based on commitments in implementing the national SDG policy framework. They also signed the
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Moldoisaeva S, Kaliev M, Sydykova A, Muratalieva E, Ismailov M, Madureira Lima J, Rechel B, Zimmermann, J (2022), Kyrgyzstan: Health System Summary, 2022. WHO Regional Office for Europe on behalf of the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, Copenhagen
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are entirely provided by private organizations, though some pharmacies have a contract with the MHIF. The MHIF pools state budget funds, mandatory health insurance contributions, external donor funds and patient co-payments before allocating funds to providers.
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services essential to children’s rights and wellbeing (and health) are already underfunded, especially in areas most at risk from climate threat. The situation is likely to get worse as water/energy resources become scarce and competition for funding increases.
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plants generate 90% of the country’s national electrical production. Combined with agriculture, electricity production comprises 20-25% of the GDP, making the country highly dependent on glaciers for its economic health, as well as food and energy security.
525:, was adopted in 1996 to restructure the Soviet system that Kyrgyzstan inherited. The number of people participating in this program has expanded gradually, and province-level family medicine training centers now retrain medical personnel. A mandatory
466:. All types of farming are extremely susceptible to climate change due to direct impact of rising temperatures, increases in rainfall variability, intensive agriculture and secondary impacts of higher temperatures on glacial meltwater availability.
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Evaluating risk factors is also important in determining the primary health challenges facing the country. In Kyrgyzstan, the factors that most influence the burden of disease in DALYs are malnutrition, air pollution, and high blood pressure.
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since 2016, when 76% were covered. Insured patients are fully covered for all primary care services, but the 31% of the population who are not covered, as well as patients who require services outside the SGBP, must pay entirely
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The maternal morality rate rose by more than 15% to 62 deaths per 1000,000 births from 2008 to 2009. According to non-governmental studies, things are worse than the official data indicate.
544:(HIV) have been very low (830 cases were officially reported as of February 2006, but the actual number was estimated at 10 times that many). The concentration of HIV cases in Kyrgyzstan’s
246:
The biggest cause of death in Kyrgyzstan is cardiovascular disease (CVD). Respiratory diseases and TB (including COVID-19) cause the next highest number of deaths, followed by
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are public, salaried employees administered by the Minister of Health at either regional, district, or city level. Some organizations have mixed public-private ownership, like
168:(Europe), the life expectancy at birth is 76.3 as of 2021, improved from 72.5 years in 2000, and the healthy life expectancy in 2021 is 66, improved from 63.7 years in 2000.
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funding, collection of all funds by the tax authorities is being piloted in two districts, which would replace several smaller social security bodies like The Social Fund.
316:(DALYs). Looking at DALYs instead of deaths, the impact of maternal and neonatal disorders and musculoskeletal disorders also become more important challenges to address.
924:"D+C 2011/7-8 – Focus – Azimova/Abazbekova: Tough labour conditions for Central Asia's female health workers - Development and Cooperation - International Journal"
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resource management. However, children have not been targets of specific climate change investments despite being most vulnerable to impacts of climate change.
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A service framework and roadmap for the development of care systems for heart attack and stroke in Kyrgyzstan. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2018
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External development assistance has been declining, from 15.7% in 2004 to 2.3% in 2019. Voluntary health insurance is virtually non-existent.
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Towards a healthier Kyrgyz Republic. Health and sustainable development progress report. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2020
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of health services and increased public health agency interaction to improve intersections with other sectors, like
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and prison populations makes an increase in HIV incidence likely. More than half of the cases have been in
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has also increased, from 58.7 years in 200 to 63.4 years in 2021. In the rest of Kyrgyzstan’s
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developed that could assist in training health workers on diseases related to air pollution.
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Over 60% of the Kyrgyz population lives rurally, with most dependent on natural resources via
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397:. Various pilots to improve the integration of services are also in process, including for
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826:"Health and Social Impacts of Air Pollution on Women and Children in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan"
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Largely because of drug shortages, in the late 1990s and early 2000s the incidence of
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with a population of 6,630,631 in 2022 and a projected increase of 42% by 2050. The
768:"Climate Landscape Analysis for Children in Kyrgyzstan: UNICEF Working Paper, 2017"
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at birth in 2021 was 71.2 years, an increase of 6.23 years from 66 years in 2000.
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Kyrgyzstan is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change in
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in 2018, a great demonstration of commitment to taking action towards
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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have major adverse health effects in urban populations.
855:"Exposure of children to PM2.5 air pollution in Bishkek"
726:"Kyrgyzstan adopts new health strategy for 2019–2030"
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552:, which is on a major narcotics trafficking route.
59:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
509:Historical health in Kyrgyzstan as of early 2010s
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587:"Health data overview for the Kyrgyz Republic"
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320:Highest Burden of Disease in DALYs, 2021
119:Learn how and when to remove this message
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250:and chronic respiratory diseases.
1045:"Kyrgyzstan - HRMI Rights Tracker"
1021:"Kyrgyzstan - HRMI Rights Tracker"
997:"Kyrgyzstan - HRMI Rights Tracker"
973:"Kyrgyzstan - HRMI Rights Tracker"
179:Kyrgyzstan has a single mandatory
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793:"Climate Change & Resilience"
312:in Kyrgyzstan, a good measure is
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357:Maternal and neonatal disorders
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1411:British Indian Ocean Territory
529:fund was established in 1997.
411:Sustainable Development Goal 3
314:disability-adjusted life years
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728:. WHO Europe. 23 January 2019
420:United Nations Global Compact
341:Respiratory infections and TB
308:When it comes to the biggest
275:Respiratory infections and TB
262:Number of deaths per 100,000
542:human immunodeficiency virus
496:Action on Climate and Health
413:: Good Health and Well-being
405:, and mental health care.
291:Chronic respiratory diseases
299:Diabetes and kidney disease
150:lower-middle income country
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953:humanrightsmeasurement.org
897:Kyrgyzstan country profile
215:The village drug store in
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904:Federal Research Division
424:universal health coverage
365:Musculoskeletal disorders
230:) accounted for 46.3% of
226:Private spending (mostly
1160:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
139:Life expectancy at birth
18:Disability in Kyrgyzstan
1421:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
333:Cardiovascular diseases
162:Healthy life expectancy
267:Cardiovascular disease
254:Causes of Death, 2021
228:out-of-pocket payments
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68:"Health in Kyrgyzstan"
464:irrigated agriculture
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197:health care providers
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1480:Health in Kyrgyzstan
1335:United Arab Emirates
773:. UNICEF Kyrgyzstan.
391:vertical integration
53:improve this article
1362:limited recognition
901:Library of Congress
534:infectious diseases
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474:Impact on Children
434:Climate and Health
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797:UNICEF Kyrgyzstan
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242:Health Challenges
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1400:Dependencies
1330:Turkmenistan
1295:Saudi Arabia
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51:Please help
46:verification
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1459:Asia portal
1360:States with
1280:Philippines
1220:South Korea
1215:North Korea
1110:Afghanistan
682:GBD Compare
456:pastoralism
1340:Uzbekistan
1315:Tajikistan
1230:Kyrgyzstan
1210:Kazakhstan
1130:Bangladesh
1120:Azerbaijan
1054:2022-03-18
1030:2022-03-18
1006:2022-03-18
982:2022-03-18
958:2022-03-18
934:2011-09-06
566:References
519:Kyrgyzstan
203:services.
166:WHO region
146:Kyrgyzstan
79:newspapers
1426:Hong Kong
1380:Palestine
1305:Sri Lanka
1300:Singapore
1180:Indonesia
368:2,051.33
360:2,517.69
352:3,209.97
349:Neoplasms
344:4,431.18
336:5,427.81
283:Neoplasms
248:neoplasms
1474:Category
1449:Category
1370:Abkhazia
1320:Thailand
1275:Pakistan
1255:Mongolia
1250:Maldives
1245:Malaysia
1145:Cambodia
853:UNICEF.
824:UNICEF.
791:UNICEF.
766:UNICEF.
678:"VizHub"
591:WHO Data
399:HIV/AIDS
1345:Vietnam
1260:Myanmar
1240:Lebanon
1170:Georgia
1125:Bahrain
1115:Armenia
513:In the
460:rainfed
286:125.31
278:142.61
270:246.03
93:scholar
1390:Taiwan
1325:Turkey
1290:Russia
1225:Kuwait
1205:Jordan
1195:Israel
1155:Cyprus
1140:Brunei
1135:Bhutan
684:. IHME
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294:55.94
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1350:Yemen
1310:Syria
1285:Qatar
1265:Nepal
1200:Japan
1175:India
1165:Egypt
1150:China
858:(PDF)
771:(PDF)
325:Cause
259:Cause
148:is a
100:JSTOR
86:books
1270:Oman
1235:Laos
1190:Iraq
1185:Iran
865:2024
833:2024
804:2024
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690:2024
598:2024
462:and
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409:UN
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