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aims to make disasters less likely to happen. The approach, also called DRR or disaster risk management, also aims to make disasters less damaging when they do occur. DRR aims to make communities stronger and better prepared to handle disasters. In technical terms, it aims to make them more resilient
456:
A series of waves hitting shores strongly, mainly caused by the displacement of a large volume of a body of water, typically an ocean or a large lake, usually caused by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, underwater explosions, landslides, glacier calvings, meteorite impacts and other disturbances above
938:
Between 2016 and 2020 the total reported economic losses amounted to $ 293 billion. This figure is likely to be an underestimation. It is very challenging to measure the costs of disasters accurately, and many countries lack the resources and technical capacity to do so. Over the 40 year period from
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has caused these hazards to become more unreliable, frequent and severe. They thus contribute to disaster risks. Countries contributing most to climate change are often at the lowest risk of feeling the consequences. As of 2019, countries with the highest vulnerability per capita release the lowest
898:
This definition includes indirect losses of life caused after the initial onset of the disaster. These could be the effects of diseases such as cholera or dysentery arising from the disaster. This definition is still commonly used. However it is limited to the number of deaths, injuries, and damage
208:
Disasters are events that have an effect on people. A hazard that overwhelms or injures a community is considered a disaster. The international disaster database EM-DAT defines a disaster as โa situation or event that overwhelms local capacity, necessitating a request for external assistance at the
167:
When a disaster happens, the response includes actions like warning and evacuating people, rescuing those in danger, and quickly providing food, shelter, and medical care. The goal is to save lives and help people recover as quickly as possible. In some cases, national or international help may be
204:
The UN defines a disaster as "a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society at any scale". It results from hazards in places where people live in exposed or vulnerable conditions. Some human failures make communities vulnerable to climate hazards. These are poor planning or
725:
Human-made disasters are serious harmful events caused by human actions and social processes. Technological hazards also fall into this category. That is because they result in human-instigated disasters. Human-made hazards are sometimes called anthropogenic hazards. Examples include
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The response phase focuses on keeping people safe, preventing the next disasters and meeting people's basic needs until more permanent and sustainable solutions are available. The governments where the disaster has happened have the main responsibility for addressing these needs.
144:
harder than people in wealthy countries. Over 95% of deaths from disasters happen in low-income countries, and those countries lose a lot more money compared to richer countries. For example, the damage from natural disasters is 20 times greater in developing countries than in
792:
may be caused locally by drought, flood, fire or pestilence. In modern times there is plenty of food globally. Long-lasting local shortages are generally due to government mismanagement, violent conflict, or an economic system that does not distribute food where needed.
912:
Like other definitions this looks beyond the social aspects of the disaster impacts. It also focuses on losses. This raises the need for emergency response as an aspect of the disaster. It does not set out quantitative thresholds or scales for damage, death, or injury.
907:
an event, concentrated in time and space, in which a community undergoes severe danger and incurs such losses to its members and physical appurtenances that the social structure is disrupted and the fulfilment of all or some of the essential functions of the society is
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In 2023, natural hazard-related disasters resulted in 86,473 fatalities and affected 93.1 million people. Whilst the number of deaths was much higher than the 20-year average of 64,148, the number affected was much lower than the 20-year average of 175.5 million.
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Climate change and environmental degradation are sometimes called socio-natural hazards. These are hazards involving a combination of both natural and human factors. All disasters can be regarded as human-made, because of failure to introduce the right
1006:
Disaster risk reduction progress score for some countries in 2011. The score of 5 is best. Assessments include four indicators that reflect the degree to which countries have prioritised disaster risk reduction and the strengthening of relevant
951:
According to a UN report, 91% of deaths from hazards from 1970 to 2019 occurred in developing countries. These countries already have higher vulnerability and lower resilience to these events, which exacerbates the effects of the hazards.
209:
national or international level; it is an unforeseen and often sudden event that causes great damage, destruction and human suffering.โ The effects of a disaster include all human, material, economic and environmental losses and impacts.
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refers to the actions taken directly before, during, or immediately after a disaster. The objective is to save lives, ensure health and safety, and meet the subsistence needs of the people affected. It includes warning and evacuation,
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1038:. People from local communities, agencies or federal governments can all propose DRR strategies. DRR policies aim to "define goals and objectives across different timescales and with concrete targets, indicators and time frames."
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with transport, temporary shelter, and food. Or it can involve establishing semi-permanent settlements in camps and other locations. It may also involve initial repairs to damage to infrastructure, or diverting it.
212:
The scale of a disaster matters. Small-scale disasters only affect local communities but need help beyond the affected community. Large-scale disasters affect wider society and need national or international help.
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L. Bull-Kamanga; K. Diagne; A. Lavell; E. Leon; F. Lerise; H. MacGregor; A. Maskrey; M. Meshack; M. Pelling (1 April 2003). "From everyday hazards to disasters: the accumulation of risk in urban areas".
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An event involving the significant release of radioactivity to the environment or a reactor core meltdown and which leads to major undesirable consequences to people, the environment, or the facility
258:
Some researchers distinguish between recurring events like seasonal flooding and unpredictable one-off events. Recurring events often carry an estimate of how often they occur. Experts call this the
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It is usual to divide disasters into natural or human-made. Recently the divide between natural, man-made and man-accelerated disasters has become harder to draw. Some manufactured disasters such as
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3422:
2786:
930:
The
Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT) records statistics about disasters related to natural hazards. For 2023, EM-DAT recorded 399 disasters, which was higher than the 20-year average of 369.
2022:
306:
The sudden, drastic flow of snow down a slope, occurring when either natural triggers, such as loading from new snow or rain, or artificial triggers, such as explosives or backcountry skiers.
833:
and other forms of obstructions, riots, sabotage and other forms of crime, and which is intended to be a demonstration to the public and the government, but can escalate into general chaos
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The escape of solids, liquids, or gases that can harm people, other living organisms, property or the environment, from their intended controlled environment such as a container.
3390:
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1091:. Emergency response aims to provide immediate help to keep people alive, improve their health and support their morale. It can involve specific but limited aid, such as helping
3385:
2657:
3352:
2451:
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and
Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
1645:
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and
Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
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are often present in this phase of the disaster management cycle. This is particularly so in countries where the government does not have the resources for a full response.
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1915:
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is a case in point. Experts examine these cascading events to see how risks and impacts can amplify and spread. This is particularly important given the increase in
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Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of
Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
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2683:
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2566:
2514:
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156:(DRR) aims to make communities stronger and better prepared to handle disasters. It focuses on actions to reduce risk before a disaster occurs, rather than on
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A prolonged period of excessively hot weather relative to the usual weather pattern of an area and relative to normal temperatures for the season (see also
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1831:
3703:
2866:
2841:
2781:
2771:
482:
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Ara Begum, R., R. Lempert, E. Ali, T.A. Benjaminsen, T. Bernauer, W. Cramer, X. Cui, K. Mach, G. Nagy, N.C. Stenseth, R. Sukumar, and P. Wester, 2022:
1639:
Ara Begum, R., R. Lempert, E. Ali, T.A. Benjaminsen, T. Bernauer, W. Cramer, X. Cui, K. Mach, G. Nagy, N.C. Stenseth, R. Sukumar, and P. Wester, 2022:
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2015:
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603:
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A study by
Sheehan and Hewitt in 1969 defined major disasters as conforming to the following criteria, based on the amount of deaths or damage:
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are caused by people. Nowadays, it is hard to separate natural and human-made disasters because human actions can make natural disasters worse.
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2153:
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1992:
1953:
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is an event that causes serious harm to people, buildings, economies, or the environment, and the affected community cannot handle it alone.
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2826:
2138:
Nature, Tourism and
Ethnicity as Drivers of (De)Marginalization: Insights to Marginality from Perspective of Sustainability and Development
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was already challenged in 1976. Human choices in architecture, fire risk, and resource management can cause or worsen natural disasters.
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1959:
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Geological phenomenon which includes a range of ground movement, such as rock falls, deep failure of slopes and shallow debris flows
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2209:
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The shaking of the Earth's crust, caused by underground volcanic forces of breaking and shifting rock beneath the Earth's surface
2567:
Report of the open-ended intergovernmental expert working group on indicators and terminology relating to disaster risk reduction
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3519:
3465:
2897:
858:
1818:
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2682:, the United Nations Platform for Space-based Information for Disaster Management and Emergency Response], a project of the
1079:, providing immediate assistance, assessing damage, continuing assistance, and the immediate restoration or construction of
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are examples of man-made disasters: they kill people, cause pollution, and damage property. One example of this is of the
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Report of the open-ended intergovernmental expert working group on indicators and terminology for disaster risk reduction
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Report of the open-ended intergovernmental expert working group on indicators and terminology for disaster risk reduction
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Flash flooding: Small creeks, gullies, dry streambeds, ravines, culverts or even low-lying areas flood quickly (see also
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could be used. At the same time the type of hazard would be specified. A disaster happens when a natural or human-made
38:
3541:
3509:
3001:
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1419:
702:
2412:
The Report of the
Midterm Review of the Implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015โ2030.
2227:"Pandemic and Typhoon: Positive Impacts of a Double Disaster on Mental Health of Female Students in the Philippines"
3531:
3501:
3337:
2890:
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248:
149:. This is because low-income countries often do not have well-built buildings or good plans to handle emergencies.
2446:
2140:, Perspectives on Geographical Marginality, vol. 3, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 59โ78,
1640:
3626:
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amount of emissions per capita, and yet still experience the most heightened droughts and extreme precipitation.
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351:
161:
62:
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146:
1647:. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, pp. 121โ196, doi:10.1017/9781009325844.003.
1875:"Beyond 'natural-disasters-are-not-natural': the work of state and nature after the 2010 earthquake in Chile"
1847:
1551:"Beyond 'natural-disasters-are-not-natural': the work of state and nature after the 2010 earthquake in Chile"
1463:
1343:"Beyond 'natural-disasters-are-not-natural': the work of state and nature after the 2010 earthquake in Chile"
152:
To reduce the damage from disasters, it is important to be prepared and have fit for purpose infrastructure.
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231:. A specific hazard may also spawn a secondary disaster that increases the impact. A classic example is an
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Fires that originate in uninhabited areas and which pose the risk to spread to inhabited areas (see also
680:
164:
measures are similar in that they aim to reduce vulnerability of people and places to natural hazards.
927:
The effects of a disaster include all human, material, economic and environmental losses and impacts.
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2972:
1939:"Factors determining human casualty levels in earthquakes: mortality prediction in building collapse"
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1198:
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Caused by summer or winter storms, lightning or construction equipment digging in the wrong location
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848:
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228:
141:
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Zibulewsky, Joseph (April 14, 2001). "Defining disaster: the emergency department perspective".
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610:. It typically causes economic damage. How bad the damage is depends on how well people are
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634:. It results from the combination of the hazard and the exposure of a vulnerable society.
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403:
185:
134:
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Urban
Ecology: An International Perspective on the Interaction Between Humans and Nature
2325:(Report). Natural Hazards Research Working Paper, No. 11. Toronto: University of Toronto
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Waking the Giant: How a changing climate triggers earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanoes
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the effects of disasters. This means DRR can make risky events fewer and less severe.
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Some things can make natural disasters worse. Examples are inadequate building norms,
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The intentional release or dissemination of biological agents as a means of coercion
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775:
591:
435:
252:
126:
2594:"Aster, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, "A Greek-English Lexicon", at Perseus"
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3286:
3172:
3105:
3084:
3079:
2957:
2580:"Dus, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, "A Greek-English Lexicon", at Perseus"
2453:. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, pp. 121โ196,
2145:
1084:
1034:
together. It is possible to include DRR in almost all areas of development and
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735:
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1254:
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needed to support recovery. This can happen, for example, through the work of
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2476:. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, pp. 35-115, doi: 10.59327/IPCC/AR6-9789291691647
1687:
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3291:
3239:
3154:
3149:
3144:
2947:
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2383:(illustrated ed.). Springer Science & Business Media. p. 588.
1873:
Gould, Kevin A.; Garcia, M. Magdalena; Remes, Jacob A.C. (1 December 2016).
1759:
1549:
Gould, Kevin A.; Garcia, M. Magdalena; Remes, Jacob A.C. (1 December 2016).
1341:
Gould, Kevin A.; Garcia, M. Magdalena; Remes, Jacob A.C. (1 December 2016).
1176:
583:
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An electrical discharge caused by lightning, typically during thunderstorms
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122:
106:
94:
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A severe snowstorm characterized by very strong winds and low temperatures
227:
Complex disasters, where there is no single root cause, are more common in
1819:#NoNaturalDisasters โ Changing the discourse of natural disaster reporting
1014:
or less vulnerable. When DRR is successful, it makes communities less the
683:. An adverse event only becomes a disaster if it occurs in an area with a
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17:
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661:" are floods, heat waves, wildfires, tropical cyclones, and the like.
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236:
2473:
2450:
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2353:. Routledge Physical Environment Series (first ed.). Routledge.
1615:"Don't Call It 'Smog' in Beijing, Call It a 'Meteorological Disaster"
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1150:
830:
789:
697:
627:
527:
439:
110:
2424:
2544:
1946:
Proceedings of the tenth world conference on earthquake engineering
1121:
843:
Even with strict building fire codes, people still perish in fires
679:
systems. This makes them more vulnerable to natural disasters than
467:
The release of hot magma, volcanic ash and/or gases from a volcano
3060:
3014:
2667:
United
Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
2636:
United
Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
2425:"Concept Note: International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction 2023"
1235:. International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
1055:
1001:
968:
900:
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701:
543:
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364:
Rain occurring when outside surface temperature is below freezing
345:
179:
98:
72:
1832:
Vulnerability Analysis and The Explanation Of 'Natural' Disasters
1710:
Vulnerability Analysis and The Explanation Of 'Natural' Disasters
622:
is unsuitable and should be abandoned. Instead, the simpler term
3197:
2623:
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
2323:
A Pilot Survey of Global Natural Disasters the Past Twenty Years
1061:
838:
739:
579:
331:
217:
81:, one of the worst disasters in the history of the United States
2886:
2693:
2529:"Climate hazards and disasters: the need for capacity building"
2509:
2507:
2277:
At Risk โ Natural hazards, people's vulnerability and disasters
2202:
At Risk โ Natural hazards, people's vulnerability and disasters
2016:"Humans cause 96% of wildfires that threaten homes in the U.S."
1937:
Coburn, Andrew W.; Spence, Robin JS; Pomonis, Antonios (1992).
376:
Effects of climate change ยง Heat waves and temperature extremes
1985:"Wildfire Causes and Evaluations (U.S. National Park Service)"
1158:
1143:
284:. However experts have questioned this term for a long time.
2689:
2675:
1506:
CRED. 2023 Disasters in Numbers: Climate in Action. (2024).
903:(1984) defined a disaster in a more qualitative fashion as:
2351:
Environmental Hazards: Assessing Risk and Reducing Disaster
829:
A disturbance caused by a group of people that may include
408:
The sudden eruption of carbon dioxide from deep lake water
2275:
Blaikie, Piers, Terry Cannon, Ian Davis & Ben Wisner.
2132:
Zorn, Matija (2018), Pelc, Stanko; Koderman, Miha (eds.),
1260:. Addis Ababa: Emergency Humanitarian Action. March 2002.
2648:
2639:
2427:. United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. 2023
2225:
Cueto, Lavinia Javier; Agaton, Casper Boongaling (2021).
2626:
2200:
B. Wisner; P. Blaikie; T. Cannon & I. Davis (2004).
1756:
Mapping Vulnerability: Disasters, Development and People
1179:
sense of a calamity blamed on the position of planets.
526:
after a natural hazard event. Some examples of natural
42:
1842:
1840:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1720:
1718:
70:
Event resulting in major damage, destruction or death
2658:
Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters
1508:
https://files.emdat.be/reports/2023_EMDAT_report.pdf
1275:– via World Health Organization International.
939:1980-2020 losses were estimated at $ 5.2 trillion.
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1083:. An example of this would be building provisional
2645:United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction
1754:G. Bankoff; G. Frerks; D. Hilhorst, eds. (2003).
2134:"Natural Disasters and Less Developed Countries"
1030:. So development efforts often consider DRR and
3699:International Association of Emergency Managers
2177:Principles of Emergency planning and Management
1848:"Why natural disasters aren't all that natural"
1789:"Why natural disasters aren't all that natural"
1520:"Why natural disasters aren't all that natural"
1464:"Why natural disasters aren't all that natural"
1420:"Who's getting the worst of natural disasters?"
1312:"Why natural disasters aren't all that natural"
614:and how strong the buildings, roads, and other
2447:Chapter 1: Point of Departure and Key Concepts
1641:Chapter 1: Point of Departure and Key Concepts
486:Economic loss risk for six natural disasters:
2898:
2705:
2684:United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs
2663:Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System
2344:
2342:
2340:
1989:NPS.gov Homepage (U.S. National Park Service)
1908:"There's No Such Thing as a Natural Disaster"
1584:"There's No Such Thing as a Natural Disaster"
1376:"There's No Such Thing as a Natural Disaster"
1204:List of accidents and disasters by death toll
1132:
618:are. Scholars have been saying that the term
8:
975:are naturally occurring phenomena. However,
797:Disasters without links to natural hazards
637:Nowadays it is hard to distinguish between
26:
3704:International Disaster and Risk Conference
3322:
3313:
3129:
3056:
2930:
2905:
2891:
2883:
2879:
2712:
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2527:McBean, Gordon; Rodgers, Caroline (2010).
1712:. Disasters, Development and Environment.
1255:"Disasters & Emergencies: Definitions"
2569:. United Nations General Assembly (UNGA).
2517:. United Nations General Assembly (UNGA).
2252:
2242:
2069:
1890:
1834:. Disasters, Development and Environment.
1566:
1453:. United Nations General Assembly (UNGA).
1358:
224:have been wrongly attributed to nature.
3714:International Disaster Emergency Service
2487:"Disaster risk reduction progress score"
1613:Didi Kirsten Tatlow (15 December 2016).
795:
653:also affects how often disasters due to
288:Disasters with links to natural hazards
286:
133:also affects how often disasters due to
32:This is an accepted version of this page
1726:"Natural Hazards | National Risk Index"
1287:"Natural Hazards | National Risk Index"
1220:
205:development, or a lack of preparation.
28:
2654:EM-DAT International Disaster Database
2046:"China's great famine: 40 years later"
1445:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1406:"World Bank: Disaster Risk Management"
2468:
2466:
2025:from the original on 10 December 2020
2014:DeWeerdt, Sarah (15 September 2020).
1965:from the original on 12 November 2020
1799:from the original on 29 November 2020
1530:from the original on 29 November 2020
1502:
1500:
1498:
1322:from the original on 29 November 2020
566:. Additional natural hazards include
7:
1948:. Vol. 10. pp. 5989โ5994.
1918:from the original on 22 January 2021
1594:from the original on 22 January 2021
1386:from the original on 22 January 2021
1267:from the original on 6 November 2015
1175:("bad star" in Greek) comes from an
444:Tropical cyclones and climate change
3727:
3693:List of civil defense organisations
1995:from the original on 1 January 2021
2113:from the original on 18 April 2022
57:
3371:Structural failures and collapses
2377:"Megacities as Global Risk Areas"
2044:Smil, Vaclav (18 December 1999).
338:Wildfire ยง Climate change effects
3726:
2321:Hewitt, K.; Sheehan, L. (1969).
2301:education.nationalgeographic.org
1048:This section is an excerpt from
994:This section is an excerpt from
518:is the very harmful impact on a
474:This section is an excerpt from
140:Disasters usually hit people in
3709:Disaster Accountability Project
2179:. Harpended: Terra publishing.
923:Natural disaster ยง Impacts
891:at least 100 people injured, or
859:Nuclear and radiation accidents
602:. A natural disaster can cause
291:
2279:, Wiltshire: Routledge, 2003,
1138:. This in turn comes from the
778:also fall into this category.
667:of people and poor choices on
434:, and a spiral arrangement of
1:
1492:. Retrieved October 21, 2023.
1422:54Pesos.org, 4 October 2008
79:1906 San Francisco earthquake
3617:Emergency population warning
3310:Unrelated to natural hazards
3267:Potentially hazardous object
2665:โ a joint initiative of the
1906:Smith, Neil (11 June 2006).
1879:Journal of Political Ecology
1660:Environment and Urbanization
1582:Smith, Neil (11 June 2006).
1555:Journal of Political Ecology
1490:National Library of Medicine
1374:Smith, Neil (11 June 2006).
1347:Journal of Political Ecology
1166:
1151:
692:Unrelated to natural hazards
438:that produce heavy rain and
3510:Crowd collapses and crushes
2414:UNDRR: Geneva, Switzerland.
2379:. In Marzluff, John (ed.).
2146:10.1007/978-3-319-59002-8_4
2099:. Oxford University Press.
894:at least $ 1 million damage
426:center, a closed low-level
3769:
2472:IPCC, 2023: Sections. In:
1680:10.1177/095624780301500109
1159:
1144:
1101:Humanitarian organisations
1047:
993:
920:
695:
473:
269:
266:Related to natural hazards
249:Fukushima nuclear disaster
170:humanitarian organisations
60:
3722:
3627:Earthquake warning system
2882:
2787:Great Britain and Ireland
2459:10.1017/9781009325844.003
2062:10.1136/bmj.319.7225.1619
1418:Luis Flores Ballesteros.
1032:climate change adaptation
956:Effects of climate change
888:At least 100 people dead,
849:Hazardous material spills
352:Effects of climate change
162:climate change adaptation
160:after the event. DRR and
63:Disaster (disambiguation)
2204:. Wiltshire: Routledge.
1426:3 September 2017 at the
276:Disasters with links to
247:plant on the coast. The
147:industrialized countries
39:latest accepted revision
3581:Earthquake preparedness
3576:Disaster risk reduction
3520:Environmental disasters
1830:Cannon, Terry. (1994).
1708:Cannon, Terry. (1994).
1171:), "star". So the word
1122:
1066:2001 Gujarat earthquake
1011:Disaster risk reduction
996:Disaster risk reduction
989:Disaster risk reduction
984:Prevention and response
677:disaster risk reduction
657:hazards happen. These "
428:atmospheric circulation
198:Gustaf Wilhelm Finnberg
154:Disaster risk reduction
3672:List of disaster films
3622:Emergency Alert System
3586:Hurricane preparedness
2375:Kraas, Frauke (2008).
2093:McGuire, Bill (2012).
1133:
1068:
1008:
910:
722:
612:prepared for disasters
511:
201:
109:are caused by natural
82:
2373:Smith 1996 quoted in
2349:Smith, Keith (1992).
2175:D. Alexander (2002).
1852:www.preventionweb.net
1468:www.preventionweb.net
1229:"What is a disaster?"
1059:
1005:
921:Further information:
905:
705:
685:vulnerable population
681:high income countries
485:
183:
158:response and recovery
76:
3637:Emergency management
2533:WIREs Climate Change
1991:. 27 November 2018.
1795:. 26 November 2020.
1526:. 26 November 2020.
1318:. 26 November 2020.
1199:Emergency management
784:emergency management
748:industrial accidents
715:September 11 attacks
673:developing countries
645:disasters. The term
632:vulnerable community
280:are commonly called
229:developing countries
176:Definition and types
142:developing countries
115:Human-made disasters
61:For other uses, see
3542:Terrorist incidents
2671:European Commission
2609:in Etymology online
2231:Behavioral Sciences
2056:(7225): 1619โ1621.
1892:10.2458/v23i1.20181
1854:. 14 September 2017
1672:2003EnUrb..15..193B
1568:10.2458/v23i1.20181
1470:. 14 September 2017
1360:10.2458/v23i1.20181
798:
744:transport accidents
675:do not have proper
422:characterized by a
289:
194:Great Fire of Turku
29:Page version status
3642:Hurricane response
3488:Disease of despair
3398:Civilian radiation
2918:list by death toll
2244:10.3390/bs11050064
1821:(16 November 2018)
1629:on 1 January 2022.
1620:The New York Times
1209:Lists of disasters
1142:pejorative prefix
1069:
1009:
796:
760:nuclear explosions
723:
719:World Trade Center
512:
287:
239:. This results in
202:
83:
35:
3740:
3739:
3647:Crisis management
3564:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3496:
3495:
3305:
3304:
3282:Geomagnetic storm
3255:
3254:
3121:
3120:
3048:
3047:
2992:Soil liquefaction
2914:Natural disasters
2491:Our World in Data
2155:978-3-319-59002-8
2106:978-0-19-959226-5
1955:978-90-5410-060-7
1194:Disaster recovery
1127:which comes from
1077:search and rescue
1072:Disaster response
1050:Disaster response
1043:Disaster response
1036:humanitarian work
877:
876:
764:nuclear radiation
756:terrorist attacks
750:, power outages,
721:in New York City.
711:terrorist attacks
669:land use planning
560:volcanic activity
556:tropical cyclones
488:tropical cyclones
471:
470:
463:Volcanic eruption
418:Rapidly rotating
282:natural disasters
123:terrorist attacks
91:Natural disasters
47:18 September 2024
16:(Redirected from
3760:
3730:
3729:
3612:Humanitarian aid
3408:Military nuclear
3403:Civilian nuclear
3323:
3314:
3214:Tropical cyclone
3208:Tornado outbreak
3130:
3057:
3010:Pyroclastic flow
3002:Volcano eruption
2931:
2907:
2900:
2893:
2884:
2880:
2714:
2707:
2700:
2691:
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2118:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2073:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2011:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1964:
1943:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1903:
1897:
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1844:
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1828:
1822:
1817:Kevin Blanchard
1815:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1785:
1774:
1773:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1730:hazards.fema.gov
1722:
1713:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1654:
1648:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1623:. Archived from
1610:
1604:
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1291:hazards.fema.gov
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1147:
1146:
1136:
1125:
1116:is derived from
899:in money terms.
799:
707:Airplane crashes
647:natural disaster
620:natural disaster
516:natural disaster
476:Natural disaster
414:Tropical cyclone
394:Lightning strike
290:
272:Natural disaster
241:coastal flooding
190:Academy building
184:Painting of the
137:hazards happen.
21:
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3677:
3656:
3605:Countermeasures
3600:
3556:
3552:Nightclub fires
3515:Economic crises
3492:
3483:Opioid epidemic
3432:
3357:
3301:
3251:
3218:
3182:Cyclonic storms
3177:
3159:
3117:
3113:Limnic eruption
3089:
3063:
3044:
3032:Natural erosion
3026:
2996:
2970:
2962:
2920:
2911:
2871:
2723:
2718:
2669:(OCHA) and the
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2013:
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2008:
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1983:
1982:
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1428:Wayback Machine
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1222:
1217:
1185:
1110:
1105:
1104:
1060:Relief camp at
1053:
1045:
1040:
1039:
1028:climate hazards
999:
991:
986:
958:
945:
936:
934:Economic losses
925:
919:
882:
880:Major disasters
766:. Catastrophic
717:in 2001 at the
700:
694:
689:
688:
665:marginalization
659:climate hazards
655:extreme weather
608:damage property
530:events include
479:
457:or below water
404:Limnic eruption
278:natural hazards
274:
268:
178:
135:extreme weather
77:Ruins from the
71:
66:
55:
54:
53:
52:
51:
50:
34:
22:
15:
12:
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5:
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3558:
3557:
3555:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3528:
3527:
3525:Sacrifice zone
3517:
3512:
3506:
3504:
3498:
3497:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
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3469:
3468:
3458:
3457:
3456:
3451:
3440:
3438:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3430:
3428:Infrastructure
3425:
3423:Mast and tower
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3394:
3393:
3383:
3378:
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3167:
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3160:
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3147:
3142:
3136:
3134:
3127:
3126:Meteorological
3123:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3097:
3095:
3091:
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3019:
3018:
3017:
3006:
3004:
2998:
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2995:
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2989:
2984:
2982:Seismic hazard
2978:
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2777:Czech Republic
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2617:External links
2615:
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2558:
2545:10.1002/wcc.77
2539:(6): 871โ884.
2519:
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2478:
2462:
2438:
2416:
2410:UNDRR (2023).
2403:
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2185:
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2006:
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1954:
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1898:
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1666:(1): 193โ204.
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1081:infrastructure
1054:
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1024:Climate change
1000:
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985:
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977:climate change
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270:Main article:
267:
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235:that causes a
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131:Climate change
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14:
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10:
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3697:
3694:
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3689:Civil defense
3687:
3686:
3684:
3682:Organizations
3680:
3673:
3669:
3668:Disaster film
3666:
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3652:Disaster area
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3454:Famine scales
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3421:
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3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3392:
3391:by death toll
3389:
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943:Human impacts
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243:, damaging a
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19:
3596:Survival kit
3418:Levee breach
3272:Impact event
3260:Astronomical
3194:Thunderstorm
3189:Bomb cyclone
3053:Hydrological
3022:Volcanic ash
2987:Seismic risk
2935:Mass wasting
2720:
2602:
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2561:
2536:
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2494:. Retrieved
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2481:
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2380:
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2327:. Retrieved
2316:
2304:. Retrieved
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2115:. Retrieved
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2039:
2027:. Retrieved
2019:Anthropocene
2018:
2009:
1997:. Retrieved
1988:
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1967:. Retrieved
1945:
1932:
1920:. Retrieved
1911:
1901:
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1868:
1856:. Retrieved
1851:
1826:
1813:
1801:. Retrieved
1792:
1755:
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1737:. Retrieved
1729:
1704:
1663:
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1635:
1626:the original
1618:
1608:
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1532:. Retrieved
1523:
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1472:. Retrieved
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1458:
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1388:. Retrieved
1379:
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1324:. Retrieved
1315:
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1294:. Retrieved
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1281:
1269:. Retrieved
1249:
1237:. Retrieved
1233:www.ifrc.org
1232:
1223:
1177:astrological
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1164:
1157:) "bad" and
1149:
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1120:
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1085:storm drains
1070:
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950:
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926:
911:
906:
897:
883:
839:Fire (urban)
825:Civil unrest
815:Bioterrorism
807:
802:
788:
780:
776:bioterrorism
724:
646:
642:
638:
636:
623:
619:
604:loss of life
513:
432:strong winds
424:low-pressure
420:storm system
275:
257:
226:
215:
211:
207:
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166:
151:
139:
114:
90:
86:
84:
67:
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46:
37:This is the
31:
3732:WikiProject
3632:Evacuations
3569:Preparation
3478:Biosecurity
3353:Spaceflight
3287:Solar flare
3173:Megadrought
3133:Temperature
3106:Megatsunami
3085:Storm surge
3080:Flash flood
2958:Debris flow
2847:South Korea
2827:Philippines
2817:New Zealand
2117:29 December
2029:29 December
1999:29 December
1969:29 December
1922:29 December
1803:29 December
1598:29 December
1534:29 December
1390:29 December
1326:29 December
1271:26 November
1129:Old Italian
1018:because it
772:nuclear war
728:criminality
572:dust storms
540:earthquakes
496:earthquakes
332:Fire (wild)
103:earthquakes
3413:Oil spills
3363:Industrial
2968:Earthquake
2926:Geological
2757:Bangladesh
2607:"Disaster"
2431:17 October
1215:References
1189:Act of God
1064:after the
1016:vulnerable
908:prevented.
786:measures.
752:oil spills
696:See also:
643:human-made
630:impacts a
616:structures
584:ice storms
576:firestorms
552:landslides
548:heat waves
532:avalanches
504:landslides
442:(see also
322:Earthquake
233:earthquake
192:after the
119:oil spills
95:avalanches
3753:Disasters
3343:Shipwreck
3326:Transport
3318:Accidents
3297:Hypernova
3292:Supernova
3240:Firestorm
3155:Heat wave
3150:Ice storm
3145:Cold wave
2948:Avalanche
2943:Landslide
2876:Disasters
2802:Indonesia
2752:Australia
2721:Disasters
2680:UN-SPIDER
2676:UN-SPIDER
2640:ReliefWeb
2632:ReliefWeb
2553:1757-7780
2396:23 August
2306:7 January
2237:(5): 64.
1885:(1): 93.
1760:Routledge
1688:0956-2478
1561:(1): 93.
1353:(1): 93.
1112:The word
1108:Etymology
1020:mitigates
596:tornadoes
588:sinkholes
568:blizzards
564:wildfires
524:community
508:volcanoes
384:Landslide
370:Heat wave
302:Avalanche
222:acid rain
186:Cathedral
107:wildfires
18:Disasters
3747:Category
3532:Military
3502:Man-made
3473:Pandemic
3461:Epidemic
3338:Maritime
3247:ARkStorm
3235:Wildfire
3140:Blizzard
3040:Sinkhole
2857:Thailand
2837:Portugal
2822:Pakistan
2728:Overview
2686:(UNOOSA)
2297:"Famine"
2263:33946801
2111:Archived
2080:10600969
2023:Archived
1993:Archived
1960:Archived
1916:Archived
1797:Archived
1696:17439273
1592:Archived
1528:Archived
1424:Archived
1384:Archived
1320:Archived
1262:Archived
1183:See also
1173:disaster
1134:disastro
1123:dรฉsastre
1114:disaster
1093:refugees
973:cyclones
965:droughts
963:such as
803:Disaster
624:disaster
600:tsunamis
536:droughts
492:droughts
312:Blizzard
296:Profile
293:Example
188:and the
87:disaster
43:reviewed
3386:Nuclear
3230:Derecho
3204:Tornado
3165:Drought
3101:Tsunami
2953:Mudflow
2867:Vietnam
2842:Romania
2782:Estonia
2772:Croatia
2745:by cost
2656:of the
2634:of the
2496:4 April
2329:21 June
2254:8147095
2071:1127087
1668:Bibcode
1239:21 June
961:Hazards
917:Impacts
831:sit-ins
808:Profile
790:Famines
671:. Many
639:natural
520:society
452:Tsunami
440:squalls
237:tsunami
111:hazards
3591:Safety
3444:Famine
3437:Health
3376:Bridge
2852:Sweden
2832:Poland
2762:Canada
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2449:. In:
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1296:8 June
971:, and
969:floods
774:, and
758:, and
698:Hazard
628:hazard
544:floods
528:hazard
506:, and
500:floods
200:, 1827
105:, and
99:floods
3661:Media
3547:Riots
3223:Other
3094:Other
3061:Flood
3015:Lahar
2812:Malta
2807:Japan
2797:India
2792:Haiti
2767:China
2735:Lists
2649:UNDRR
1963:(PDF)
1942:(PDF)
1912:Items
1692:S2CID
1588:Items
1380:Items
1265:(PDF)
1258:(PDF)
1167:aster
1160:แผฯฯฮฎฯ
901:UNDRO
740:fires
580:hails
346:Flood
196:, by
117:like
93:like
3537:Wars
3466:list
3449:List
3333:Rail
3198:Hail
3066:List
2973:List
2627:IFRC
2549:ISSN
2498:2024
2433:2023
2398:2017
2385:ISBN
2355:ISBN
2331:2017
2308:2024
2281:ISBN
2259:PMID
2206:ISBN
2181:ISBN
2163:2022
2150:ISBN
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2101:ISBN
2076:PMID
2031:2020
2001:2020
1971:2020
1950:ISBN
1924:2020
1860:2022
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1764:ISBN
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1734:FEMA
1684:ISSN
1600:2020
1536:2020
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1392:2020
1328:2020
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1273:2017
1241:2017
1062:Bhuj
709:and
641:and
598:and
562:and
220:and
218:smog
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3348:Air
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