42:
543:
378:
225:
136:
104:, with the objective of improving responsiveness through decentralization. The consolidation had in fact started in Katanga in 1912 and Orientale in 1913, but Congo-Kasai did not formally become a vice-government until 1919. Each of the new provinces was made up of several of the existing districts. The colonial administrators felt the need to assign the many diverse ethnic groups to defined territories, where before they had often been mobile. The districts were divided into territories, which in turn were divided into sectors, and many chiefdoms were recognized. Several of the smallest might be combined into one sector, while the largest chiefdoms were split across sectors.
17:
132:(Équateur). The number of districts was reduced to 15, with 102 territories. Provincial boundaries remained fairly stable until after independence in 1960. There continued to be frequent adjustments to district and territory boundaries, mostly to recognise sectional and tribal divisions. By 1956 there were 26 districts and 135 territories.
107:
The original four provinces had considerable autonomy, but in 1933 they were reorganized into six provinces, named after their capitals, and the central government assumed more control. The Congo-KasaĂŻ and
Orientale provinces were both split, and some other adjustments were made to form six provinces
32:
in 1908, each administered by a district commissioner. In 1914 they were distributed among four large provinces, with some boundary changes. In 1933 the provinces were restructured into six, again with boundary changes. The number of districts fluctuated between 12 and 26 through splits and
251:
Katanga had been made into a vice governorship general, and divided into Lomami (including part of the old Kasai), Tanganika-Moero, Haut-Luapula and Lulua (including part of the old Kasai)
41:
542:
377:
224:
135:
1084:
1079:
385:
By 1926 the districts had been organized into four large provinces, with some boundary changes. Apart from boundary adjustments, the district-level changes were:
1368:
550:
In 1933 the number of provinces was increased to six, while the number of districts was reduced to 16. This provincial breakdown would last until after the
1406:
864:
551:
1381:
1301:
248:
Kasai had been divided into
Sankuru to the north and a smaller Kasai to the south. Part of the district had been reassigned to Katanga
1265:
1074:
77:
in 1910, which was called a vice-government general. Otherwise, the Free State districts were maintained until 28 March 1912. An
960:
434:
93:
16:
577:
459:
270:
167:
1319:"Les nouvelles provinces de la République Démocratique du Congo : construction territoriale et ethnicités"
643:
518:
355:
117:
559:
109:
829:
704:
661:
602:
129:
121:
849:
395:
Lowa and
Maniema had been combined into a new Maniema, losing part of their territory to Kivu to the east.
1039:
784:
677:
636:
626:
620:
608:
523:
486:
360:
310:
197:
125:
73:, reducing the number to twelve. Parts of the Stanley Falls and Lualaba districts were combined to form
1044:
975:
965:
844:
759:
454:
275:
265:
172:
162:
1059:
980:
909:
904:
887:
834:
724:
66:
1002:
992:
953:
899:
814:
799:
719:
667:
567:
476:
466:
412:
300:
260:
157:
97:
70:
1377:
1297:
1291:
1272:
1253:
997:
926:
892:
872:
809:
794:
471:
295:
1350:
1330:
1054:
1049:
1034:
985:
970:
948:
943:
921:
839:
819:
774:
764:
744:
739:
672:
654:
613:
590:
584:
508:
491:
481:
449:
444:
427:
335:
325:
305:
285:
280:
245:
Stanleyville had been divided into a smaller
Stanleyville, and Lowa, Ituri, Maniema and Kivu
202:
192:
177:
113:
101:
74:
29:
1012:
914:
877:
769:
714:
572:
513:
439:
417:
350:
345:
290:
212:
182:
62:
54:
699:
236:Équateur had been divided into a smaller Équateur to the south, and Lulonga to the north.
1318:
1007:
938:
931:
882:
789:
749:
734:
709:
595:
528:
496:
422:
404:
365:
340:
320:
207:
89:
1400:
649:
631:
501:
330:
315:
239:
187:
58:
53:. At first the structure of districts was retained. In 1910 the western districts of
50:
1335:
1370:
Mongala : Jonction des territoires et bastion d'une identité supra-ethnique
149:
1257:
392:
Moyen-Congo had been merged into Bas-Congo (south) and Lac LĂ©opold II (north)
389:
A new urban district of LĂ©opoldville had been created around the capital city
1019:
148:
In 1910 there were 12 districts. Clockwise, starting from the mouth of the
1252:(in French and Dutch), Belgium: Institut Royal Colonial Belge, 1948–1963,
1024:
1029:
20:
Belgian Congo c. 1954 showing the main language groups in each region
28:
were the primary administrative divisions when
Belgium annexed the
541:
376:
223:
134:
49:
The Congo Free State was annexed by
Belgium in 1908 to become the
40:
15:
867:
became independent. As of 2008 the provinces and districts were:
1266:"DĂ©coupage administratif de la RĂ©publique DĂ©mocratique du Congo"
1204:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1194:
33:
consolidations, first rising, then falling, then rising again.
88:
of 28 July 1914 grouped the districts into the provinces of
1142:
1140:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1157:
1155:
554:
became independent in 1960. The new organization was:
81:
of 28 March 1912 divided the Congo into 22 districts.
1355:, University of California Press, GGKEY:TQ2J84FWCXN
1208:
1250:Atlas général du Congo / Algemene atlas van Congo
1085:Provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
1080:Districts of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
69:were consolidated into one administrative unit,
232:In 1912 there were 22 districts. Changes were:
8:
1271:(in French). UNOCHA and PNUD. Archived from
242:had been divided into Bas-Uele and Haut-Uele
1185:
1146:
1131:
1114:
1102:
1334:
45:Districts of the Congo Free State in 1895
1352:Political Awakening in the Belgian Congo
1173:
1161:
1095:
1376:, Musée royal de l’Afrique centrale,
1317:Bruneau, Jean-Claude (30 June 2009),
1232:
1220:
7:
865:Republic of the Congo (LĂ©opoldville)
863:Further changes were made after the
552:Republic of the Congo (LĂ©opoldville)
1290:Brass, William (8 December 2015),
14:
1075:Districts of the Congo Free State
1367:Omasombo Tshonda, Jean (2015),
1407:Districts of the Belgian Congo
1296:, Princeton University Press,
26:Districts of the Belgian Congo
1:
1293:Demography of Tropical Africa
1336:10.4000/espacepolitique.1296
691:The districts in 1954 were:
546:1933 provinces and districts
381:1926 provinces and districts
255:The districts in 1912 were:
108:named after their capitals;
399:The new organization was¨:
1423:
1264:Blaes, X. (October 2008).
1349:Lemarchand, René (1964),
1209:Atlas général du Congo
547:
382:
229:
140:
46:
21:
545:
380:
227:
138:
44:
19:
1323:L'Espace Politique
548:
383:
230:
141:
98:Orientale Province
47:
22:
1383:978-9-4922-4416-1
1303:978-1-4008-7714-0
1117:, pp. 62–63.
859:Post-independence
687:Districts in 1954
538:Districts in 1933
373:Districts in 1926
228:Districts in 1912
139:Districts in 1910
1414:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1375:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1345:
1344:
1343:
1338:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1277:
1270:
1260:
1236:
1230:
1224:
1218:
1212:
1206:
1189:
1183:
1177:
1171:
1165:
1159:
1150:
1144:
1135:
1129:
1118:
1112:
1106:
1100:
922:Kasai-Occidental
128:(Orientale) and
30:Congo Free State
1422:
1421:
1417:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1412:
1411:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1373:
1366:
1358:
1356:
1348:
1341:
1339:
1316:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1289:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1268:
1263:
1248:
1244:
1239:
1231:
1227:
1219:
1215:
1207:
1192:
1186:Lemarchand 1964
1184:
1180:
1172:
1168:
1160:
1153:
1147:Lemarchand 1964
1145:
1138:
1132:Lemarchand 1964
1130:
1121:
1115:Lemarchand 1964
1113:
1109:
1103:Lemarchand 1964
1101:
1097:
1093:
1071:
1066:
861:
856:
689:
684:
644:Costermansville
540:
535:
519:Tanganika-Moero
375:
370:
356:Tanganika-Moero
222:
217:
146:
118:Costermansville
39:
12:
11:
5:
1420:
1418:
1410:
1409:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1393:
1382:
1364:
1346:
1314:
1302:
1287:
1261:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1237:
1225:
1223:, p. 285.
1213:
1190:
1178:
1166:
1151:
1136:
1119:
1107:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1016:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
990:
989:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
958:
957:
956:
951:
946:
939:Kasai-Oriental
936:
935:
934:
929:
919:
918:
917:
912:
907:
897:
896:
895:
890:
885:
880:
869:
860:
857:
855:
854:
853:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
830:Elisabethville
824:
823:
822:
817:
812:
804:
803:
802:
797:
792:
787:
779:
778:
777:
772:
767:
762:
754:
753:
752:
747:
742:
737:
729:
728:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
705:Lac Leopold II
702:
693:
688:
685:
683:
682:
681:
680:
675:
670:
662:Elisabethville
659:
658:
657:
652:
641:
640:
639:
634:
629:
618:
617:
616:
611:
603:Coquilhatville
600:
599:
598:
593:
582:
581:
580:
578:Lac LĂ©opold II
575:
570:
565:
556:
539:
536:
534:
533:
532:
531:
526:
521:
516:
506:
505:
504:
499:
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
464:
463:
462:
460:Lac LĂ©opold II
457:
452:
447:
442:
432:
431:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
401:
397:
396:
393:
390:
374:
371:
369:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
283:
278:
273:
271:Lac LĂ©opold II
268:
263:
257:
253:
252:
249:
246:
243:
237:
221:
220:1912 districts
218:
216:
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
168:Lac LĂ©opold II
165:
160:
154:
145:
144:1910 districts
142:
130:Coquilhatville
122:Elisabethville
38:
35:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1419:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1385:
1379:
1372:
1371:
1365:
1354:
1353:
1347:
1337:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1315:
1305:
1299:
1295:
1294:
1288:
1278:on 2010-04-01
1274:
1267:
1262:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1246:
1241:
1234:
1229:
1226:
1222:
1217:
1214:
1210:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1191:
1188:, p. 65.
1187:
1182:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1149:, p. 64.
1148:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1134:, p. 63.
1133:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1111:
1108:
1105:, p. 62.
1104:
1099:
1096:
1090:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
995:
994:
991:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
963:
962:
959:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
941:
940:
937:
933:
930:
928:
925:
924:
923:
920:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
902:
901:
898:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
875:
874:
871:
870:
868:
866:
858:
851:
850:Luapula-Moero
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
827:
825:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
807:
805:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
782:
780:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
757:
755:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
732:
730:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
697:
696:LĂ©opoldville
695:
694:
692:
686:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
665:
663:
660:
656:
653:
651:
648:
647:
645:
642:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
624:
622:
619:
615:
612:
610:
607:
606:
604:
601:
597:
594:
592:
589:
588:
586:
583:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
563:
562:
561:
558:
557:
555:
553:
544:
537:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
511:
510:
507:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
469:
468:
465:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
437:
436:
433:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
408:
407:
406:
403:
402:
400:
394:
391:
388:
387:
386:
379:
372:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
258:
256:
250:
247:
244:
241:
238:
235:
234:
233:
226:
219:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
156:
155:
153:
152:, they were:
151:
143:
137:
133:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
105:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
82:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
51:Belgian Congo
43:
36:
34:
31:
27:
18:
1387:, retrieved
1369:
1357:, retrieved
1351:
1340:, retrieved
1326:
1322:
1307:, retrieved
1292:
1280:. Retrieved
1273:the original
1249:
1228:
1216:
1181:
1176:, p. 8.
1174:Bruneau 2009
1169:
1164:, p. 7.
1162:Bruneau 2009
1110:
1098:
1040:Haut-Katanga
862:
785:Stanleyville
700:LĂ©opoldville
690:
678:Haut-Katanga
637:Kibali-Ituri
627:Stanleyville
623:(Orientale)
621:Stanleyville
609:Congo-Ubangi
564:LĂ©opoldville
560:LĂ©opoldville
549:
524:Haut-Luapula
487:Stanleyville
409:LĂ©opoldville
398:
384:
361:Haut-Luapula
311:Stanleyville
254:
231:
198:Stanleyville
147:
126:Stanleyville
110:LĂ©opoldville
106:
86:arrêté royal
85:
83:
79:arrêté royal
78:
48:
25:
23:
1045:Haut-Lomami
976:Nord-Ubangi
845:Haut-Lomami
605:(Équateur)
405:Congo-KasaĂŻ
266:Moyen-Congo
163:Moyen-Congo
150:Congo River
124:(Katanga),
90:Congo-KasaĂŻ
1389:2020-08-18
1342:2020-08-08
1329:(2009–1),
1282:2011-11-22
1233:Blaes 2008
1221:Brass 2015
1091:References
1060:Tanganyika
981:Sud-Ubangi
910:Cataractes
905:Bas-Fleuve
888:Mai-Ndombe
835:Tanganyika
781:Orientale
725:Cataractes
664:(Katanga)
67:Cataractes
1359:19 August
1309:20 August
1258:681334449
1020:Nord-Kivu
1003:Haut-Uele
993:Orientale
954:Tshilenge
900:Bas-Congo
815:Nord-Kivu
800:Haut-Uele
756:Equateur
720:Bas-Congo
668:Tanganika
568:Bas-Congo
477:Haut-Uele
467:Orientale
413:Bas-Congo
301:Haut-Uele
261:Bas-Congo
158:Bas-Congo
116:(Kasai),
71:Bas-Congo
1401:Category
1069:See also
1025:Sud-Kivu
998:Bas-Uele
966:Équateur
961:Équateur
893:Plateaux
873:Bandundu
826:Katanga
810:Sud-Kivu
795:Bas-Uele
760:Equateur
587:(Kasai)
472:Bas-Uele
455:Équateur
435:Équateur
296:Bas-Uele
276:Équateur
173:Équateur
120:(Kivu),
94:Équateur
1242:Sources
1055:Lualaba
1050:Kolwezi
1035:Katanga
1030:Maniema
986:Tshuapa
971:Mongala
949:Sankuru
944:Kabinda
840:Lualaba
820:Maniema
775:Tshuapa
765:Mongala
745:Kabinda
740:Sankuru
673:Lualaba
655:Maniema
646:(Kivu)
614:Tshuapa
591:Sankuru
585:Lusambo
509:Katanga
492:Maniema
482:Aruwimi
450:Lulonga
445:Bangala
428:Sankuru
336:Sankuru
326:Maniema
306:Aruwimi
286:Bangala
281:Lulonga
203:Katanga
193:Aruwimi
178:Bangala
114:Lusambo
102:Katanga
75:Katanga
37:History
1380:
1300:
1256:
1013:Tshopo
915:Lukaya
878:Kwango
770:Ubangi
731:Kasai
715:Kwango
573:Kwango
514:Lomami
440:Ubangi
418:Kwango
351:Lomami
346:Kwango
291:Ubangi
213:Kwango
183:Ubangi
63:Matadi
55:Banana
1374:(PDF)
1276:(PDF)
1269:(PDF)
1008:Ituri
932:Lulua
927:KasaĂŻ
883:Kwilu
806:Kivu
790:Ituri
750:Kasai
735:Lulua
710:Kwilu
596:Kasai
529:Lulua
497:Ituri
423:Kasai
366:Lulua
341:Kasai
321:Ituri
208:Kasai
1378:ISBN
1361:2020
1311:2020
1298:ISBN
1254:OCLC
650:Kivu
632:Uele
502:Kivu
331:Kivu
316:Lowa
240:Uele
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