Jinn - Knowledge (XXG)

1958: 66: 862: 703:(d. after 3/625) is said to have gotten his inspiration for his poetry by a friend named Misḥal ("daʿawtu khalīlī Misḥalan") and further calls him his jinni-brother ("akhī ʾl-jinnī"). Similarly, the poet Thābit (d. 54/674) who later converted to Islam and became known as "the poet of the prophet", referred to his jinni-friend as his "sharp-sighted brother from the jinn" ("wa-akhī min al-jinn al-baṣīr"). The relationship between jinn and humans can also be romantic in nature. According to one famous Arabian story, the jinni Manzur fell in love with a human woman called Habbah. He is supposed to have taught her the arts of healing. 1376:. The presentation of jinn usually combines Quranic with oral and cultural beliefs about jinn. Out of 89 films, 59 have direct references to jinn as the antagonist, 12 use other sorts of demons, while other types of horror, such as the impending apocalypse, hauntings, or ghosts, constitute only 14 films. The popularity of jinn as a choice of monster can best be explained by their affirmation in the Quran. They are still a popular trope today. A study from 2020 shows that jinn are still the favorite Horror element among teenagers. Jinn further feature in Iranian horror movies. 871: 2209:. According to F. Meier early Islam integrated many pagan deities into its system by degrading them to spirits. 1. In Islam, the existence of spirits that are neither angels nor necessarily devils is acknowledged. 2. Thereby Islam is able to incorporate non-biblical non-Quranic ideas about mythic images, that means: a. degrading deities to spirits and therefore taking into the spiritual world. b. taking daemons, not mentioned in the sacred traditions of Islam, of uncertain origin. c. consideration of spirits to tolerate or advising to regulate them." 1337: 2329:"Auch die islamischen Rechtsgelehrten haben sich wiederholt mit der Frage beschäftigt, ob die Dschinn eine Religion haben. Shchibli hält fest, dass sie in diesem Zusammenhang kontrovers diskutiert hätten, ob es schariarehtlich zulässig sei, das muslimische Ritualgebet (salat) hinter einem Dschinni zu verrichten. Zwei von Schibli angeführte hanbalitische Gewährsleute bejahen diese Zulässigkeit ohne Zögern und begründen ihren Standpunkt damit, dass nicht nur die Menschen (ins), sondern auch die Dschinn 734: 1555: 1678: 1647: 1128: 2316:"Islamic jurists have also repeatedly addressed the question of whether the jinn have a religion. Shchibli notes that in this context they had a controversial discussion about whether it was permissible under Sharia law to perform the Muslim ritual prayer (salat) behind a genie. Two Hanbali sources led by Shibli affirm this permissibility without hesitation and justify their point of view by saying that not only the humans (ins) but also the jinn are "mukallaf". 265: 2383:

The treatment of the belief in daemons in the written sources primarily consulted in the context of these studies does not differ fundamentally from the views observed in popular Islam. Popular Islam and scriptural Islam do not design separate daemonologies. This situation is explained not least by the fact that the Quran and Sunna, the two most important sources in the area of Islam for the great tradition, clearly affirm the existence of jinn."

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der Islam die Möglichkeit, nicht-biblische nicht koranische Vorstellungen von mythischen Vorstellungen sich einzuverleiben, d.h.: a. Götter zu Geistern zu erniedrigen und so ins islamische Geisterreich aufzunehmen. b. in der heiligen Überlieferung des Islams nicht eigens genannte Dämonen beliebiger Herkunft zu übernehmen. c. eine Berücksichtigung der Geister zu dulden oder gar zu empfehlen und sie zu regeln."

1511: 1533: 1423: 1724: 1981:, scholars discuss the relationship between Islamic notions of jinn and earlier Jewish and Christian ideas of supernatural beings or preternatural creatures, especially those of angels, spirits, and demons. It is widely agreed that the belief in jinn was a common element of the culture out of which the Quran came. One question has concerned the degree to Quranic jinn might be compared to 1467: 1278:. It is only when they are angered or disturbed, for example, if their children are trodden upon or hot water is thrown on them, that they take revenge on humans. For this reason, Muslims utter "destur" (permission), before doing something which might accidentally hurt jinn, such as sprinkling hot water on public grounds or into bushes, so present jinn are advised to leave the place. 1489: 566: 625:(deity) were often used interchangeably. Julius Wellhausen likewise agrees that in pre-Islamic Arabia it was assumed there are at least some friendly and helpful beings among the jinn. He distinguishes between a god and a jinni, not on the basis of morality, but on the basis of worship; the jinn are worshipped in private while the gods are worshipped in public. 1863:. Ibn Nadim explains lawful and unlawful subjugating of jinn and demons as distinct: While the former controls the jinn by the power of God's divine names, the latter pleases demons and devils by prohibited offerings and sinful acts. Al-Jāḥiẓ is another author who tells about another man allegedly controlling jinn and demons: In the 481:. Wensick advocates a purely Arabic origin of the term, asserting that according to the common Semitic view psychic and bodily affections are caused by spirits. An object reacting upon such an affect would be an incarnation of said spirit. Since these spirits are covered from the sight of humans, they would have been called jinn. 1796: 679:

When they shift into a human form however, they are said to stay partly animal and are not fully human. Although the power of jinn usually exceed those of humans, it is conceivable a man could kill a jinni in single combat, but they are feared for attacking without being seen. Some sources even speak

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in Mekka praktizierten. Gemäß F. Meier integrierte der junge Islam bei seiner raschen Expansion viele heidnische Gottheiten in sein System, indem er sie zu Dämonen degradierte. 1. Im Islam wird die Existenz von Geistern, die weder Engel noch unbedingt Teufel sein müssen, anerkannt. 2. Damit besitzt

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Though discouraged by some teachings of modern Islam, cultural beliefs about jinn remain popular among Muslim societies and their understanding of cosmology and anthropology. Affirmation on the existence of jinn as sapient creatures living along with humans is still widespread in the Middle Eastern

820:

is about the revelation to jinn. The same Surah mentions righteous jinn on one hand, and malicious jinn on the other. The jinn can neither harm nor benefit humans, for they are occupied with looking after themselves and their own place in the cosmos. This is in notable contrast to demons and devils

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Individual jinn appear on charms and talismans. They are called upon for protection or magical aid, often under the leadership of a king. Many people who believe in jinn wear amulets to protect themselves against the assaults of the jinn, sent out by sorcerers and witches. A commonly held belief is

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proves to be problematic and only serves as a makeshift here. This comparison implicitly suggests that the representations of daemonology in written sources differ from the findings documented in ethnographic, anthropological and sociologically oriented field studies. Such a view must be rejected.

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of Yemen, love was one of the most frequent cited causes of relationships between humans and jinn. Love seems to be the most frequent occasion of contact between men and jinn. A jinni meets a woman and falls in love with her, or vice versa... This possession is manifest notably when the jinni has

1697:

device. Among these were the jinn, that belonged among Solomon's army and as Solomon claimed to have control over the jinn, so did the Rūm Seljuk sultan that claimed to be the Sulaymān of his time. In fact, one of the most common representations of jinn are alongside or in association with King

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The Quran does not consider foreign mythological beings to be devils, but entities erroneously ascribed divine power to. Therefore, jinn were considered a third class of invisible beings, often neutral or morally ambiguous, not consequently equated with devils. Islam allowed to integrate local

585:. Some scholars of the Middle East hold that they originated as malevolent spirits residing in deserts and unclean places, who often took the forms of animals; others hold that they were originally pagan nature deities who gradually became marginalized as other deities took greater importance. 1896:, who saw them as shadows on the wall. He professes that jinn only obey when the individual turns away from the temptations of creation and devoting oneself towards God. The al-Shāmil gives detailed instructions for preparations of various incantations. Unlike, for example in the writings of 2347:

sexual intercourse with the person he/she possesses. In that case, the individual behaves with gestures and words as if they were having sexual intercourse, although he/she is apparently alone in the room. Besides, this person seems to suddenly lose all interest for his/her environment."

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Solomon. It was thought that King Solomon had very close ties to the jinn, and even had control over many of them. The concept that a great and just ruler has the ability to command jinn was one that extended far past only King Solomon– it was also thought that emperors, such as

1600:

neuroscience study Jalal, Simons-Rudolph, Jalal, & Hinton (2013). The study found that as many as 48% of those who experience sleep paralysis in Egypt believe it to be an assault by the jinn. Almost all of these sleep paralysis sufferers (95%) would recite verses from the

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credits the pre-Islamic Arabs with believing that the society of jinn constitutes several tribes and groups, analogous to pre-Islamic Arabian culture. Jinn could also protect, marry, kidnap, possess, and kill people. Despite being invisible, jinn are considered to have bodies

1851:. Since he locates such practises not as a branch of science or philosophy, but rather in a chapter about stories and fables, the author might not have believed in the efficiency on sorcery himself. He reports that the art of commanding jinn and demons is traced back to 1589:

The amount of Muslims believing in jinn from Bosnia and Herzegovina is higher than the general European average (30%), although only 21% believe in sorcery and 13% would wear talisman for protection against jinn; 12% support offerings and appeal given to the jinn.

1702:, could control an army of jinn in a similar way. Given this association, Jinn were often seen with Solomon in a princely or kingly context, such as the small, animal-like jinn sitting beside King Solomon on his throne illustrated in an illuminated manuscript of 1689:, the entrance gate Bab al-Hayyat made reference to jinn in the stone relief carvings of serpents; likewise, the water gate at Ayyubid Harran housed two copper sculptures of jinn, serving as talismans to ward off both snakes and evil jinn in the form of snakes. 990:. He states that seeking refuge among the jinn increases fear and anxiety, however, not because of the jinn, but due to the psychological dependence of the individual towards external powers. By that, he refers to seeking refuge among the jinn as a form of 4266:

Guthrie E, Abraham S, Nawaz S. Process of determining the value of belief about jinn possession and whether or not they are a result of mental illness. BMJ Case Rep. 2016 Feb 2;2016:bcr2015214005. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2015-214005. PMID 26838303; PMCID:

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MacDonald, D.B., Massé, H., Boratav, P.N., Nizami, K.A. and Voorhoeve, P., "Ḏj̲inn", in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. Consulted online on 15 November 2019

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The Singer Ibrahim and the jinn. Ibrahim has been imprisoned by his master Muhammad al-Amin and visited by a jinn in guise of an old man. The jinn offers him food and drink and is so impressed by Ibrahim's voice that he convinces Muhammad to free

1813:. It was not unusual for those talismans to be inscribed with separated Arabic letters, because the separation of those letters was thought to positively affect the potency of the talisman overall. An object that was inscribed with the word of 1985:

in Christian traditions, although issues with this view are that jinn are not identified as "angels" and that descriptions of angels do not involve their flying up the sky to eavesdrop on heavenly secrets (unlike jinn who do so in Surah 72).

952:, believe they are essential to the Islamic faith since they are mentioned in the Quran. It is generally accepted by the majority of Muslim scholars that jinn can possess individuals. This is considered to be part of the doctrines ( 3510:

Heuer, B., Boykova, E. V., Kellner-Heinkele, B. (2020). Man and Nature in the Altaic World.: Proceedings of the 49th Permanent International Altaistic Conference, Berlin, July 30 – August 4, 2006. Deutschland: De Gruyter. p.

2407:. By as-Samarqandi, Abu l-Lait. Studia Culturae Islamicae (in Arabic and English). Vol. 52. Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies. p. 243. 1692:

Alongside these depictions of the jinn found at the Aleppo Citadel, depictions of the jinn can be found in the Rūm Seljuk palace. There are a phenomenal range of creatures that can be found on the eight-pointed tiles of the

1630:. It has been noted that not all Muslims who believe in jinn, believe they can possess people. Furthermore, belief in possession is not limited to Muslims. Contrary to the assumption that higher education is proportional to 1112:

Although there are recorded cases between human-jinn relationships most Muslim jurists agree that such a relationship is not permissible. Even those scholars who allowed such relationships, still considered them undesirable

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Köse S. Ci̇nlerle Evli̇li̇k Konusunda Hanefî Faki̇hi̇ Hâmi̇d El-İmâdî’ni̇n (1103-1171/1692-1758) Teka’ku’u’ş-Şenn Fî Ni̇kâhi̇’l-Ci̇nn Adli Ri̇salesi̇. Journal of Islamic Law Studies. 2010;(15):453-464. Accessed January 25,

1361:(1983), who uses magical elements known from pre-Islamic and Islamic Anatolian lore. Since the 1980s, this genre has become prominent in Turkish literature. The story by Tekin deals with folkloric and religious belief in a 1203:

into the roles of the jinn in Islamic haggadic tradition. Besides local deities, the existence of purely malevolent spirits is also acknowledged. Thus, jinn exist alongside other mythological entities, such as

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Kashan, Iran, late 12th–13th century mina’i-fritware bowl. The scene in this bowl can be understood as depicting the enthroned (Second) Sulaymān with messengers to either side, crowned human headed winged

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Yosefi, Maxim. “The Origins of the Traditional Approach towards the Jinn of Poetic Inspiration in Tribal Arab Culture.” Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, vol. 49, 2019, pp. 293–302. JSTOR,

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In the Quranic account, despite their similarities, there are important differences between the two species. Whereas humans are made from "clay" or "dirt", jinn were created from "smokeless fire" (Quran

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Jalal, Baland; Simons-Rudolph, Joseph; Jalal, Bamo; Hinton, Devon E. (1 October 2013). "Explanations of sleep paralysis among Egyptian college students and the general population in Egypt and Denmark".

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Fahd, T. and Rippin, A., “S̲h̲ayṭān”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. Consulted online on 17 August 2023

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Huart, Cl. and Massé, H., “Dīw”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. Consulted online on 31 January 2024

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was thought to have the power to ward off evil from the person who obtained the object, though many of these objects also had astrological signs, depictions of prophets, or religious narratives.

2222:"M. Dols macht darauf aufmerksam, dass der Ginn-Glaube kein strikt islamisches Konzept ist. Er beinhaltet vielmehr zahllose Elemente einer Götzenverehrung, wie sie Muhammads Gegner zur Zeit der 601:

observed that jinn were often thought to "inhabit or haunt desolate, dark and dingy places in the desert". For that reason, they were held responsible for various diseases and mental illnesses.

845:). Despite some superhuman powers, the jinn occupy no fundamentally different position in the Quran than humans. Like humans, the jinn have no knowledge of the future. Like humanity, jinn face 5382: 510:

from the French, where it had been used owing to its rough similarity in sound and sense and further applies to benevolent intermediary spirits, in contrast to the malevolent spirits called '

240:, or humans. They may even engage in sexual affairs with humans and produce offspring. If they are injured by someone, they usually seek revenge or possess the assailant's body, requiring 1007:. Because of their similarities to humans, they function neither as a model to follow (like angels) nor tempters of the lower self (like Satan) and mostly feature in poetic anecdotes. 688:

Despite that they were often feared or inspired awe, the jinn were also pictured to befriend humans or have romantic feelings for them. According to common Arabian belief, pre-Islamic

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de Lafayette, Maximillien (2017). Early & contemporary spirit artists, psychic artists, and medium painters from 5000 BC to the present day economy. p. 95. ISBN 978-1-365-97802-9.

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Taheri, Alireza. "Comparative Study of «The Book of Felicity» Paintings and Book of «Al-Bulhan» of Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi." Honar-Ha-Ye-Ziba: Honar-Ha-Ye-Tajassomi 22.1 (2017): 15-29.

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Abd-Allah, Umar F. (2002). "The Perceptible and the unseen: The Qur'anic conception of man's relationship to God and realities beyond human perception". In Palmer, Spencer J. (ed.).

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is required to save the person from the assaulting jinni. To protect oneself from jinn, many Muslims wear amulets with the name of God graved on. Jinn are also said to be scared of

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Mommersteeg, Geert. “‘He Has Smitten Her to the Heart with Love’ The Fabrication of an Islamic Love-Amulet in West Africa.” Anthropos, vol. 83, no. 4/6, 1988, pp. 501–510. JSTOR,

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by the jinni entering. The soothsayer was consulted to reveal hidden information or settle disputes, as it was believed, the jinn speaking through them revealed hidden knowledge.

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Gjinali, V., & Tunca, E. A. (2020). A General Look on the Impact of Turkish Horror Movies: An Exploratory Study on the Opinions of Youth on Horror Movies. SAGE Open, 10(4).

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Zarcone, Thierry. "Shamanism in Turkey: Bards, Masters of the Jinns, and Healers." Shamanism and Islam: Sufism, Healing Rituals and Spirits in the Muslim World (2013): 169-202.

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refers to foreign, invisible, or unknown anthropomorphic beings, which are nonetheless subject to the same considerations as the former. They were both created to worship God (

2205:"M. Dols points out that jinn-belief is not a strictly Islamic concept. It rather includes countless elements of idol-worship, as Muhammad's enemies practised in Mecca during 1809:

The jinn had an indirect impact on Islamic art through the creation of talismans that were alleged to guard the bearer from the jinn and were enclosed in leather and included

5405: 841:), which is possibly the reason why they are credited with some extraordinary abilities, such as invisibility, transformation, and ascending into the air like devils (Quran 573:. Snakes are the animals most frequently associated with jinn. Black snakes are commonly believed to be evil jinn, whereas white snakes are held to be benign (Muslim) jinn. 1943:. Although many pages are damaged, it is possible to reconstruct their meanings from Ottoman copies. Each king is depicted with helpers and associated talismanic symbols. 1245:. Besides Islam, they could also practise Christianity and Judaism. Good jinn might teach people moral lessons and might be benevolent, or aid spiritual persons, such as 1389:. Mental illnesses are still often attributed to jinn possession. In modern Iran, (evil) jinn are often substituted by devils. Similarly, in many modern tales, the term 1272:

Most of the time, jinn are believed not to interfere with humans and live mostly in desolate or abandoned places. This is, for example, evident from the Turkish phrase

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Lim A, Hoek HW, Blom JD. The attribution of psychotic symptoms to jinn in Islamic patients. Transcultural Psychiatry. 2015;52(1):18-32. doi:10.1177/1363461514543146

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Because humans and jinn are capable of procreation, Muslim jurists dealt with the issue of permissibility of intercourse between these two types of creatures. Some

5191: 5168: 5133: 5107: 5074: 5032: 4985: 4962: 4924: 4871: 4848: 4794: 2047:, etc.), there is a tradition of ritual exorcism and negotiations that differs from that of traditional Jewish cure of spirit possession associated with ghosts ( 432:; however, this derivation is also disputed. Supporters argue that both Roman genii as well as Arabian jinn are considered to be lesser deities inhabiting local 1611:) to get rid of these assaults by jinn. Sleep paralysis is generally associated with great fear in Egypt, especially if believed to be supernatural in origin. 252:

written on it. While some Muslim scholars in the past had ambivalent attitudes towards jinn, contemporary Muslim scholarship increasingly associate jinn with

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Sidky, M. Homayun. "" Malang", Sufis, and Mystics: An Ethnographic and Historical Study of Shamanism in Afghanistan." Asian Folklore Studies (1990): 275-301.

786:) appear frequently as a pair, designating their equal status in regards of their creation and rejecting that jinn share divinity with the Creator. The term 605:

asserts that malicious jinn and good gods were distinct in pre-Islamic Arabia, but admits that such distinction is not absolute. In the regions north to the

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Komaroff, Linda, and Stefano Carboni, eds. The legacy of Genghis Khan: courtly art and culture in Western Asia, 1256-1353. Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2002.

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In addition to these representations of jinn in vicinity to kingship, there were also architectural references to jinn throughout the Islamic world. In the

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Spirit Possession around the World: Possession, Communion, and Demon Expulsion across Cultures: Possession, Communion, and Demon Expulsion across Cultures

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Lange, Christian (2016). Paradise and Hell in Islamic Traditions. Cambridge United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-50637-3. p- 140

2644: 320:), whose primary meaning is 'to hide' or 'to adapt'. Some authors interpret the word to mean, literally, 'beings that are concealed from the senses'. 4574:

The Qur'an Seminar Commentary / Le Qur'an Seminar: A Collaborative Study of 50 Qur'anic Passages / Commentaire collaboratif de 50 passages coraniques

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as a sinister form astride a lion. In the same illustration, he holds a severed head and a sword, because the 'Red King of Tuesday' was aligned with

3405: 1935:, etc.). Some of these beings indicate that the work connects Hebrew, Christian, and Islamic magical traditions. The original work is attributed to 30:

This article is about the concept of jinn in Islamic and Middle Eastern lore. For demons in Islam; otherwise known as the "offspring of Iblis", see

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Jalal, Baland; Hinton, Devon E. (1 September 2013). "Rates and Characteristics of Sleep Paralysis in the General Population of Denmark and Egypt".

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Friedl, E. (2020). Religion and Daily Life in the Mountains of Iran: Theology, Saints, People. Vereinigtes Königreich: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 86

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Similarly, European patients with a Muslim background often attribute mental illnesses to jinn. Most common attributations to jinn are symptoms of

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Irani, Ayesha A. The Muhammad Avat? ra: Salvation History, Translation, and the Making of Bengali Islam. Oxford University Press, 2020. p. 183-186

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Bullard, A. (2022). Spiritual and Mental Health Crisis in Globalizing Senegal: A History of Transcultural Psychiatry. USA: Taylor & Francis.

1867:, ibn Hilāl is said to have the power to summon demons and jinn. He further claimed to have married a daughter of Satan and begotten a child. 1183:

from Iran, Africa, Turkey and India, into a monotheistic framework without demonizing them. An example of this can be seen in the writings of

5322: 5049: 4890: 4493: 4472: 4130: 4028: 3992: 3884: 3842: 3756: 3697: 3671: 3530: 3489: 3418: 3319: 3298: 3207: 2951:ʻAẓmah, ʻ. (2014). The Emergence of Islam in Late Antiquity: Allah and His People. Vereinigtes Königreich: Cambridge University Press. p. 293 2924: 2882: 2854: 2751: 2730: 2597: 2547: 2492: 2438: 3866: 9036: 9021: 5016: 1957: 1756:

Each celestial spirits is referred to as a "King of the Jinn", represented alongside his spiritual helpers and alongside the corresponding

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On the Exercise of Coastal Control through Observation and Long Distance Communication Systems in Seljuk Territory in the XIIIth Century

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Haring, Lee. "Africa and the Disciplines: The Contributions of Research in Africa to the Social Sciences and Humanities." (1995): 122-124.

1053: 829:). Jinn and humans are blamed for ascribing divine attributes to another creature (i.e. jinn); jinn to themselves and humans to the jinn. 3610: 1839:) are credited with the ability to ask jinn about things of the past, since their lives are believed to last longer than that of humans. 1681:

Takht-i Marmar, the marble throne supported by jinn and divs (demons), Gulistan Palace, Teheran, created for Fath Ali Shah (r. 1797–1833)

4945: 2587: 767:. The Quran assumes that the audience is familiar with the subject without elaborating on the jinn much further. According to the Quran 65: 861: 2405:

Islamic Concept of Belief in the 4th/10th Century. Abu l-Lait as-Samarqandi's commentary on Abu Hanifa (died 150/767) al-Fiqh al-absat

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Visual representations of jinn appear in manuscripts and their existence is often implied in works of architecture by the presence of

1119:). Offspring of human-jinn relationships are nonetheless, usually considered to be gifted and talented people with special abilities. 933: 7080: 5252: 5222: 4581: 4572:

Crone, Patricia (2016). "QS 32 Q 37:6–11: Crone". In Azaiez, Mehdi; Reynolds, Gabriel Said; Tesei, Tommaso; Zafer, Hamza M. (eds.).

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Uvais, N. A.. Jinn and Psychiatry: Beliefs among (Muslim) doctors. Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry 33(1):47-49, Jan–Mar 2017.

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Islam, Migration and Jinn: Spiritual Medicine in Muslim Health Management. (2021). Deutschland: Springer International Publishing.

6160: 6156: 5918: 1931:. It contains artistic depictions of several supernatural beings (demons, jinn, the evil eye, fever (Huma, Arabic: حمى), devils, 187:'s guidance. Jinn are neither innately evil nor innately good. Jinn are not a strictly Islamic concept, having been adapted from 1892:, it was well known that jinn obeyed al-Ṭabasī. He gives an example, that al-Ṭabasī demonstrated the jinn to the famous scholar 1835:

Jinn might be invoked, along with demons and devils, for means of sorcery, incantation, protection, or divination. Soothsayers (

244:. Jinn rarely meddle in human affairs, preferring to live with their own kind in tribes similar to those of pre-Islamic Arabia. 9061: 2982:

Aloiane, Z.A. (1996). "Anthropomorphic representation of evil in Islam and some other traditions – a cross-cultural approach".

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The case of the animals versus man before the king of the jinn: A tenth-century ecological fable of the pure brethren of Basra

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Bilu, Yoram. "The Moroccan Demon in Israel: The Case of 'Evil Spirit Disease.'" Ethos, vol. 8, no. 1, 1980, pp. 24–39. JSTOR,

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Morrow, John Andrew (27 November 2013) Islamic Images and Ideas: Essays on sacred symbolism, McFarland, ISBN 978-1-476-61288-1

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Koçer, Zeynep (13 March 2019) . "The monstrous-feminine and masculinityas abjection in Turkish horror cinema: An analysis of

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The Religion of the Crescent or Islam: Its Strength, Its Weakness, Its Origin, Its Influence, William St. Clair Tisdall, 1895

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was depicted as three-headed and as embracing the room around him, in order to capture someone and bring on a fever in them.

578: 277: 188: 162: 105: 6569: 3907:

Sengul, Ali. "Cinema, Horror and the Wrath of God: Turkish Islam's Claims in the Kurdish East." Nübihar Akademi 4.14: 11-28.

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during sleep paralysis to prevent future "jinn attacks". In addition, some (9%) would increase their daily Islamic prayer (

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Rothenberg, Celia E. Spirits of Palestine: Gender, society, and stories of the jinn. Rowman & Littlefield, 2004. p.245

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compiled in the 14th century by Abd al-Hasan al-Isfahani, there are illustrations of various supernatural beings (demons,

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Gregg, G. S. (2005). The Middle East: A Cultural Psychology. Vereinigtes Königreich: Oxford University Press, USA. p. 127

825:. The Quran does not condemn the jinn as a source of harm, but by mistaking them for beings deserving cultic veneration ( 195:

places jinn and humans on the same plane in relation to God, both being subject to God's judgement and an afterlife. The

9091: 9041: 6198: 2002:, who in addition encounter a heavenly defense systems (as did Islamic jinn). Similar statements are also found in the 9086: 8550: 6801: 6792: 6669: 6448: 2564: 1362: 1281:

Angered or straightforwardly evil mannered jinn, could hurt people by inflicting physical damage, causing illness, or

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There is evidence that subjugation of spirits, jinn, and demons, was also cultivated by various Islamic authorities.

660:. Jinn are further known as shapeshifters, often assuming the form of an animal, favoring the form of a snake. Other 3645: 208: 9051: 9026: 7017: 4646:

YALÇINKAYA, Mustafa. "İLÂHİ DİNLERİN CİN KAVRAMI ALGISI: GENEL BİR YAKLAŞIM." PEARSON JOURNAL 5.7 (2020): 170-183.

1915:

Related to the occult traditions in Islamic culture is the belief in the "Seven kings of the Week", also known as

9081: 9031: 6972: 5800: 2245: 1331: 1060:

scholars who regard this as permissible without hesitation. Since Muhammad was sent to jinn and humans, both are

693: 582: 553:

is frequently used, it has been criticised for not capturing the corporeal nature of the jinn, and that the term

444: 870: 529:

Though not a precise fit, descriptive analogies that have been used for these beings in Western thought include

9056: 9046: 7972: 7660: 3820:

Mapping Geographies in Transition: Magical realism in the fiction of Salman Rushdie, Latife Tekin, and Ben Okri

7560: 2099: 1936: 972:

scholars ibn Taimiyya and ibn Qayyim agree on this matter. From among the Sunni schools of theology, only the

5291:

Jinn Eviction as a Discourse of Power: A multidisciplinary approach to Moroccan magical beliefs and practices

4546:

Felek, Özgen. "Fears, Hopes, and Dreams: The Talismanic Shirts of Murād III." Arabica 64.3-4 (2017): 647-672.

1860: 794:, which means "to be familiar with", and refers to recognisable familiar human beings. In contrast, the term 7735: 6659: 6402: 6062: 3984: 1597: 1102:"Among you are those who are expatriated (mugharrabûn);" and this, he explained, meant "crossed with jinn." 3454:

Olomi, Ali A. (2021). "Jinn in the Quran". In Archer, George; Dakake, Maria M.; Madigan, Daniel A. (eds.).

3088:

Ruiz, Manuel. "The conception of authority in pre-Islamic Arabia: its legitimacy and origin." (1971). p. 20

1336: 1225:

The moral attitude of the jinn is usually associated with their religion. Good jinn are usually considered

9076: 7816: 7071: 7012: 6703: 6382: 4671:"Historicizing Ontologies: Qur'ānic Preternatural Creatures between Ancient Topoi and Emerging Traditions" 1750: 1704: 1560: 1285:. A human can be controlled by jinn under certain circumstances. The individual needs to be in a state of 570: 417: 214: 142: 77: 50: 46: 38: 9066: 8071: 7940: 7837: 6632: 6499: 6288: 6192: 6047: 5960: 5672: 5437: 2640: 1999: 1978: 1952: 802:). Because they are supposed to worship God from free will, they are both able for good and evil deeds ( 42: 4819:]. Historisk-filologiske Meddelelser (in French). Denmark: Det. Kgl. Danske Videnskabernes Selskab. 3367:

Harvey, Ramon. Transcendent God, Rational World: A Maturidi Theology. Edinburgh University Press, 2021.

5212: 1269:

mentions the belief that spiritually gifted people can act as intermediaries between humans and jinn.

8093: 7688: 7572: 6529: 4720:

Khan, Khatib Ahmad; Aigerim, Danabekova; Yansheng, Wu; Ghayyas, Saba; Adil, Adnan (1 February 2024).

4145:

Větrovec, Lukáš. "Curse, Possession and Other Worlds: Magic and Witchcraft among the Bosniaks." p. 74

1991: 1897: 1369: 474: 8999:

Names are sorted alphabetically. Standard form: Islamic name / Biblical name (title or relationship)

1677: 977: 733: 706:

The mutual relationship between jinn and humans is different than that of a jinni and a soothsayer (

8566: 8122: 8066: 7861: 7529: 7171: 6394: 5773: 5759: 4932: 2156: 2007: 1889: 1847: 1709: 1699: 1401: 1152: 637: 602: 3932:

Khosroshahi, Zahra. "Vampires, Jinn and the Magical in Iranian Horror Films." Frames 16 (2019): 2.

1127: 8479: 8448: 7921: 7567: 7319: 6902: 5591: 5185: 5162: 5127: 5101: 5068: 5026: 4979: 4956: 4918: 4865: 4842: 4788: 4237: 4186: 3890: 3723: 2991: 2535: 2015: 594: 412: 280:

tutelary deities, who became the jinn in Islam. Relief from the north wall of the Palace of king

95: 7141: 1596:

is understood as a "jinn attack" by many sleep paralysis sufferers in Egypt, as discovered by a

455:' or 'guardian' are attributed to similar functions and are another possible origin of the term 779:

to both human and jinn communities, and prophets and messengers were sent to both communities.

264: 8935: 8127: 8112: 8048: 7507: 7233: 6717: 6495: 6475: 6468: 5318: 5248: 5218: 5045: 4886: 4741: 4690: 4629: 4588: 4577: 4489: 4468: 4229: 4221: 4178: 4126: 4061: 4024: 3998: 3988: 3959: 3880: 3838: 3776: 3752: 3693: 3667: 3562: 3526: 3485: 3414: 3339: 3315: 3294: 3203: 2920: 2878: 2850: 2747: 2726: 2593: 2543: 2488: 2434: 2408: 2244:) term for singular, jānn also referred to jinn world – another plural, snakes / serpents and 1904:

has no direct link to Hellenistic or Hermetic magic or philosophy. Magic was also used in the

1864: 1757: 1686: 1646: 1306: 1298: 1282: 1136: 776: 772: 728: 711: 700: 673: 598: 296: 4936: 2914: 1074: 8907: 8507: 8500: 8420: 8179: 8107: 8054: 7962: 7782: 7108: 7051: 6909: 6837: 6622: 6243: 6093: 6089: 6068: 6036: 6026: 5700: 5559: 5541: 5518: 4733: 4682: 4315: 4277: 4213: 4170: 4053: 3951: 3917: 3872: 3685: 3331: 2070: 2022: 1852: 1827: 1765: 1662: 1623: 1144: 893: 463: 437: 373: 170: 3008:

Nasr, S. H. (2013). Islamic Life and Thought. Vereinigtes Königreich: Taylor & Francis.

8870: 8697: 8458: 8414: 7228: 6146: 5994: 5677: 5641: 5486: 2676:

Magic and Divination in Early Islam. (2021). Vereinigtes Königreich: Taylor & Francis.

2237: 2039:

are said to resemble jinn. Like jinn, among a class of beings of Jewish mythology/belief (

1928: 1737: 1728: 1727:

The red king of the djinn, Al-Ahmar. One of the Seven jinn-kings in the late 14th-century

1723: 1694: 1593: 1205: 1196: 1160: 1000: 921: 902: 822: 689: 478: 356: 340: 326: 309: 273: 203: 199:

condemns the pre-Islamic Arabian practice of worshipping or seeking protection from them.

166: 131: 6172: 3942:

Partovi, Pedram (3 December 2009). "Girls' dormitory: Women's Islam and Iranian horror".

3871:. Emerald Studies in Popular Culture and Gender. Bingley, UK: Emerald. pp. 151–165. 1131:

Examples of the Jinn of the Air depicted on Seljuk 13th century tilework from Kubad Abad.

202:

Although usually invisible, jinn are supposed to be composed of thin and subtle bodies (

8573: 8560: 8528: 8488: 8355: 8346: 8117: 8102: 8041: 7984: 7758: 7678: 7619: 7288: 6818: 6575: 6463: 6437: 6421: 6274: 6233: 6205: 6099: 6016: 5982: 5966: 5534: 5247:. Queer Politics and Cultures. Translated by Barr, Nicolaas P. Albany, NY: SUNY Press. 5141: 5115: 4767: 3712:"Spirits of the border: Some remarks on the connotation of jinn in north-western Yemen" 2063: 1987: 1923:(lower spirits; demons). These beings are, for example, invoked for the preparation of 1905: 1635: 1631: 1342: 1004: 917: 452: 4826:

Creation and Contemplation The Cosmology of the Qur'ān and Its Late Antique Background

1859:. The first who would have practised a lawful method of incantation is supposed to be 849:

limitations regarding "the hidden/occult", have to rely on God's messengers, and face

9016: 9010: 8555: 8267: 8190: 8167: 7612: 7518: 7027: 7022: 6978: 6953: 6919: 6885: 6822: 6809: 6642: 6284: 6253: 5988: 5936: 5208: 4444: 4057: 3955: 3894: 3689: 3335: 2124: 1658:, when they do appear, it is usually related to a specific event or individual jinn. 1615: 1354: 1297:, "(mental) weakness"). Feelings of insecurity, mental instability, unhappy love and 1262: 992: 485: 285: 225: 4241: 4190: 2776: 2256:

This is, for example, evident from A'sha's saying in mention of Sulayman ibn Dawud;

1772:. Alongside that, there were illustrations of the 'Gold King' and the 'White King'. 1669:

is illustrated very often with jinn as the commander of an army that included them.

1368:

Contrary to the neutral to positive depiction of jinn in Tekin's novels, since 2004

1163:, since the Quran affirms their existence. Although depictions are categorized into 949: 473:, a wicked (female) spirit. Jaini were among various creatures in the possibly even 8651: 8408: 7994: 7927: 7593: 7550: 7242: 7223: 7218: 7035: 7007: 6963: 6043: 5956: 5625: 5500: 5427: 5308:. Logan, UT: Utah State University Press – via Utah State U. digital commons. 5303: 4885:. Contemporary Issues in the Middle East. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press. 3796: 3200:

Routledge Revivals: Medieval Islamic Civilization (2006) An Encyclopedia - Volume I

2146: 2036: 2025:, where spirits created by God, associated with fire, having an identified leader ( 1982: 1940: 1924: 1843: 1666: 1574: 1358: 1254: 941: 764: 752: 680:

of killed jinn leaving behind a carcass similar to either a serpent or a scorpion.

515: 300: 269: 249: 184: 158: 119: 6664: 3833:Şakrak, Bilgehan Ece (4 January 2019). "Religious evils in Turkish horror films". 3822:. Department of English (Ph.D. thesis). Buffalo, NY: State University of New York. 3407:

Hidden intercourse : eros and sexuality in the history of Western esotericism

3034:. Religious Studies Center. Provo, UT: Brigham Young University. pp. 209–264. 1397:(demon), causing a shift in meaning. Nonetheless, belief in jinn remains popular. 1052:), Muslim jurists debated if one is allowed to perform the prayer behind a jinni. 565: 5360: 4880: 3770: 3376:

Yazaki, Saeko. "Classes of Beings in Sufism." Sufi Cosmology. Brill, 2022. 68-88.

2686: 173:. Like humans, they are accountable for their deeds and can be either believers ( 8841: 8634: 8389: 8331: 8320: 7954: 7932: 7914: 7855: 7721: 7710: 7706: 7248: 7161: 7156: 5744: 5300:"From Jinn to Genies: Intertextuality, media, and the making of global folklore" 4763: 3310:

translator: Gibril Fouad Haddad, author: ʿAbd Allah ibn ʿUmar al-Baydawi, 2016,

3179:

Sinai, Nicolai. "Key terms of the Qur'an: a critical dictionary." (2023): 1-840.

1655: 1386: 1373: 1184: 983: 850: 81: 5727: 4737: 4085: 8666: 8370: 8250: 8145: 7729: 7554: 7376: 7329: 7213: 6894: 6443: 5315:

Jinnealogy: Time, Islam, and ecological thought in the medieval ruins of Delhi

4217: 2343: 2140: 2029:), may either aid or harm humans, and suffer a similar fate as the jinn. The 1893: 1769: 1450: 1175:(official Islam) for research purposes, both depictions are largely the same. 1168: 973: 965: 577:

The exact origins of belief in jinn are not entirely clear. Belief in jinn in

421: 109: 5352: 5299: 4745: 4721: 4694: 4633: 4281: 4225: 4174: 4002: 3963: 3921: 2540:

American Myths, Legends, and Tall Tales: An encyclopedia of American folklore

1665:

devices like serpents, which were intended to ward off evil spirits. Lastly,

1650:

Ornamentation of intertwined serpents above the door of the Citadel of Aleppo

8929: 8919: 8607: 7870: 7796: 7642: 7430: 7299: 7000: 6984: 6458: 5976: 5710: 5664: 5613: 5477: 4670: 4576:(in French and English) (bilingual ed.). De Gruyter. pp. 307–310. 3865:

Alper Mestçi". In Holland, Samantha; Shail, Robert; Gerrard, Steven (eds.).

3772:

The Jinn and Human Sickness: Remedies in the Light of the Qurʼaan and Sunnah

2583: 2412: 1995: 1909: 1516: 1082: 1057: 846: 433: 281: 84: 8059: 7065: 4233: 4182: 4123:

Evil Eye, Jinn Possession, and Mental Health Issues: An Islamic perspective

3615:

Dictionary of Islam: Being a Cyclopædia of the Doctrines, Rites, Ceremonies

2568: 1274: 936:, as belief in angels is. Nonetheless, many Muslim scholars, including the 738: 5284:. Library of Classical Arabic Literature. Vol. 3. Boston, MA: Twayne. 4686: 3978: 3876: 3264:

DÜZGÜN, Şaban Ali. "DİNSEL ve MİTOLOJİK YÖNLERİYLE CİN ve ŞEYTAN ALGIMIZ."

1091:"The Hour will come when the children of jinn will become many among you." 8831: 8671: 8656: 7945: 7627: 7467: 7456: 7449: 7238: 7086: 6693: 6597: 6587: 6512: 6323: 6187: 5814: 5620: 4722:"A Comparison of Superstitious Beliefs and Rituals in Buddhism and Islam" 3523:

The Islamic Traditions of Cirebon: Ibadat and Adat among Javanese Muslims

2161: 2074: 1966: 1627: 1538: 1266: 1003:

and their existence is never doubted, they do not play any major role in

665: 661: 657: 628: 519: 429: 425: 253: 241: 233: 73: 3727: 3119: 3061: 2995: 2961: 2258:

and He subjected from the jinn among the angels (min jinni al-mala'iki)"

838: 834: 807: 803: 799: 768: 8897: 8692: 8196: 8154: 8009: 7966: 7895: 7890: 7827: 7762: 7748: 7650: 7369: 7305: 7294: 7146: 7093: 7056: 6786: 6730: 6647: 6636: 6247: 6219: 6072: 6030: 6010: 5946: 5883: 5834: 5755: 5720: 4774:(2nd rev. ed.). Helsinki, FI: Folklore Fellows Communications 184. 4556: 4320: 4303: 3711: 2592:(4 ed.). Urbana, Illinois: Spoken Language Services. p. 164. 2109: 2077:, jinn have free will and can choose paths of good or bad moral lives. 2059: 2026: 1856: 1810: 1428: 1258: 1246: 1192: 987: 969: 957: 937: 925: 842: 826: 817: 811: 746: 742: 641: 614: 610: 467: 321: 174: 31: 5242: 2631:

Abu-Hamdiyyah, Muhammad. The Qur'an: an introduction. Routledge, 2020.

2374:"The distinction made between popular and scriptural Islam or between 2264:

as various spirits defined by their behaviour; a malicious and wicked

64: 8940: 8815: 8687: 8602: 8521: 8463: 8279: 8273: 7979: 7805: 7790: 7587: 7544: 7539: 7476: 7444: 7357: 7340: 7267: 7202: 7098: 6930: 6914: 6846: 6842: 6827: 6722: 6698: 6688: 6602: 6537: 6339: 6333: 6329: 6302: 6279: 6150: 6058: 6004: 5950: 5822: 5766: 5658: 5601: 5581: 5523: 5510: 5495: 4656: 2119: 2114: 2094: 2048: 2031: 2003: 1932: 1876: 1842:

Common beliefs regarding sorcery and commanding jinn are attested in

1746: 1472: 1290: 1115: 1069: 1033: 1016: 945: 669: 645: 549:) is also used for jinn by Middle Eastern sources. Although the term 541:, depending on source. In turn, the Arabic translation for the Greek 342: 237: 17: 4617: 3032:

Mormons and Muslims: Spiritual foundations and modern manifestations

2846:

Legends of the Fire Spirits: Jinn and genies from Arabia to Zanzibar

276:

motif, depicting a demi-divine entity, probably a forerunner of the

4618:"Familiar spirits in the Qurʾān: retracing the origins of the jinn" 4155: 4153: 4151: 248:

that jinn cannot hurt someone who wears something with the name of

8861: 8516: 8493: 8471: 8261: 8255: 8225: 7907: 7809: 7632: 7605: 7581: 7491: 7362: 7274: 7136: 7046: 6995: 6958: 6946: 6708: 6653: 6626: 6582: 6565: 6426: 6294: 6237: 6209: 6132: 6118: 6114: 6103: 6079: 6053: 6020: 5998: 5970: 5894: 5864: 5857: 5852: 5848: 5839: 5807: 5688: 5646: 5608: 5550: 5441: 5392: 4858:

Folk Traditions of the Arab World: A guide to motif classification

4567: 4565: 2151: 2104: 1956: 1826: 1801: 1794: 1722: 1676: 1645: 1607: 1602: 1347: 1335: 1200: 1188: 1180: 1126: 1045: 880: 869: 860: 760: 732: 653: 606: 564: 542: 511: 408: 263: 229: 196: 192: 179: 4535:

Commanding Demons and Jinn: The Sorcerer in Early Islamic Thought

2272:

lifting a heavy weight and listening at the doors of Heaven is a

8661: 8624: 8216: 7999: 7672: 7461: 7351: 7335: 6880: 6592: 6298: 6257: 6128: 6083: 5940: 5693: 3234:

Teuma, Edmund. "The Solomon legend in Muslim tradition." (1987).

1795: 1494: 1314: 1310: 1214: 1024: 8440: 8026: 7415: 6751: 6361: 5916: 5416: 5403: 5364: 5275:. New York, NY & Abingdon, UK: Routledge. pp. 420–421. 2627: 2625: 2623: 2621: 1969:) in bird-like form, with typical rooster feet, as depicted in 986:

focuses on the dynamics between jinn and humans based on Quran

8851: 8245: 7687:(The valley on the 'righthand' side of the Valley of Tuwa and 6387: 5431: 5015:

Nöldeke, T. (1913). "Arabs (Ancient)". In Hastings, J. (ed.).

3559:

Spirits of Palestine: Gender, Society, and Stories of the Jinn

1760:. For instance, the 'Red King of Tuesday' was depicted in the 1654:

Although there are very few visual representations of jinn in

901:(accountable for their deeds), created out of "fire and air" ( 649: 3664:

A Dictionary of Albanian Religion, Mythology and Folk Culture

1618:

and psychotic symptoms, but can also include mood disorders,

810:). They are, like humans, rational beings formed of nations ( 3076:

The Evolution of the Concept of Jinn from Pre-Islam to Islam

2809:

The Evolution of the Concept of Jinn from Pre-Islam to Islam

2054:

Jinn have also been compared to preternatural beings called

1805:), supposed to ward off jinn, evil eye, sorcery, and demons. 4308:

PHASELIS Journal of Interdisciplinary Mediterranean Studies

4021:

Islamic Counselling: An Introduction to theory and practice

3544: 3542: 1031:). Thus, the jinn are considered, along with humans, to be 5334:

Die Djinn des Islam und der altorientalische Geisterglaube

5176:

Yazdī, Abū Bakr Moṭahhar Jamālī (1967). Afshār, Ī. (ed.).

3312:

The Lights Of Revelation And The Secrets Of Interpretation

2697:(3rd ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. 2014. 2672: 2670: 2668: 2666: 2664: 2662: 1415:% of Muslims who affirm a belief in the existence of jinn 5211:(1980). "Appendix III: On the term and concept of jinn". 4972:

Islam in Practice: Religious beliefs in a Persian village

4909:

Kolaynī, Abū Jaʿfar Moḥammad (1988). Ghaffārī, A. (ed.).

4900:

Esterābādī, Solṭān-Moḥammad ibn Tāj al-Dīn Ḥasan (n.d.).

2021:

Counterparts to Quranic jinn have been identified in the

1634:, belief in jinn-possession may remain intact even after 996:, due to the reliance on a created thing instead of God. 672:. Both scorpions and serpents have been venerated in the 4357: 4355: 2896: 2894: 504:. It first appeared in 18th-century translations of the 403:

remains uncertain. Some scholars relate the Arabic term

5338:

The Djinn of Islam and Ancient Eastern Spiritual Belief

3175: 3173: 2487:] (in German). Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. 2424: 2422: 1233:, whereas unbelieving jinn were tempted by the devils ( 7522:('The Sandy Plains,' or 'the Wind-curved Sand-hills') 3171: 3169: 3167: 3165: 3163: 3161: 3159: 3157: 3155: 3153: 1939:, who founded a system of astrological magic based on 1037:. Believers among the jinn are called "Muslim jinn" ( 593:

Jinn were already worshipped by many Arabs during in

8220:(literally 'The Pilgrimage', the Greater Pilgrimage) 5271:

El-Zein, Amira (2006). "Jinn". In Meri, J.F. (ed.).

5148:. Helsinki, FI: Folklore Fellows Communications 180. 3635:

Türk Söylence Sözlüğü, Deniz Karakurt, Türkiye, 2011

3604: 3602: 1998:

and eavesdrop on heavenly secrets; as did demons of

745:(The Jinn), as well as the heading and introductory 219: 8953: 8881: 8804: 8765: 8714: 8680: 8644: 8617: 8585: 8539: 8447: 8402: 8236: 8207: 8176: 8136: 8084: 7883: 7772: 7719: 7659: 7504: 7422: 7257: 7193: 7120: 7044: 6864: 6762: 6679: 6615: 6546: 6485: 6372: 6316: 6267: 6170: 5929: 5875: 5832: 5787: 5709: 5639: 5570: 5468: 5461: 5305:

Folklore/Cinema: Popular film as vernacular culture

5153:Ṭūsī, Moḥammad b. Maḥmūd (1966). Sotūda, M. (ed.). 4882:

Islam, Arabs, and the intelligent world of the Jinn

4779:Balkhī, Abu’l-Moayyad (1993). Smynova, L.P. (ed.). 3769:ibn Ibraaheem Ameen, Abuʼl-Mundhir Khaleel (2015). 2403:Hans Daiber. "Introduction, text, and commentary". 396:). which the English word "genie" is derived from. 115: 101: 91: 4060:First published online: 2012 First print edition: 3692:First published online: 2012 First print edition: 3646:"İn cin ne demek? İn cin TDK sözlük anlamı nedir?" 3338:First published online: 2012 First print edition: 3289:Noegel, Scott B. & Wheeler, Brannon M. (2010) 1884:) and pious ascetic, wrote an extensive treatise ( 1346:, believed to be a gathering place of the jinn in 37:Several terms redirect here. For other uses, see 5302:. In Sherman, Sharon R.; Koven, Mikel J. (eds.). 5234:The Hamadsha: A study in Moroccan ethnopsychiatry 5122:. Vol. 1–6 (rev. ed.). Bloomington, IL. 5092:Ṭabarī, Moḥammad Ayyūb (1971). Matīnī, J. (ed.). 4465:Women and Demons: Cultic Healing in Islamic Egypt 4387: 3272: 3270: 759:Jinn are mentioned approximately 29 times in the 710:). The soothsayer is presented as someone who is 7830:, literally 'The Farthest Place-of-Prostration') 6418:Mother Abiona or Amtelai the daughter of Karnebo 5001:] (in German). Beirut, LB: Massé, Croyances. 4385: 4383: 4381: 4379: 4377: 4375: 4373: 4371: 4369: 4367: 3354: 3352: 3193: 3191: 3189: 3187: 3185: 2984:Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 2838: 2100:Human–animal hybrid § Theriocephaly studies 999:Although jinn frequently appear in hagiographic 581:is testified not only by the Quran, but also by 5273:Medieval Islamic Civilization – an Encyclopedia 5236:. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. 5021:. Vol. I. Edinburgh, UK. pp. 659–673. 5008:Padīdahā-ye wahmī-e dīrsāl dar janūb-e Khorāsān 4339:. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 71. 4297: 4295: 4293: 4291: 4289: 3404:Hanegraaff, Wouter J.; Kripal, Jeffrey (2008). 2977: 2975: 2868: 2866: 2836: 2834: 2832: 2830: 2828: 2826: 2824: 2822: 2820: 2818: 2530: 2528: 2474: 2472: 2470: 1888:) on subjugating demons and jinn. According to 1100: 1089: 928:, and the (spiritual) interior of human beings. 5085:Key Terms of the Qur'an: A Critical Dictionary 4529: 4527: 4525: 4523: 4521: 4519: 4517: 4515: 4513: 4511: 4445:"Amulets and Talismans from the Islamic World" 3856: 3854: 3835:This Thing of Darkness: Shedding light on evil 2849:. New York, NY & London, UK: I.B. Tauris. 2468: 2466: 2464: 2462: 2460: 2458: 2456: 2454: 2452: 2450: 1775:Aside from the seven 'Kings of the Jinn', the 522:between humans and divinities are also called 27:Invisible beings in Arabic and Islamic culture 5376: 4337:Wonder, Image, & Cosmos in Medieval Islam 3260: 3258: 2744:The Mythology of Kingship in Neo-Assyrian Art 462:Another suggestion holds that the word is of 436:, trees or springs, and persons or families. 8: 5490:(wolf) that Jacob feared could attack Joseph 5217:. Gibraltar, Spain: Dar al-Andalus Limited. 4804:The Barnhart Concise Dictionary of Etymology 3980:African Religions: A Very Short Introduction 3055: 3053: 916:any object that cannot be detected by human 494: 416:– a guardian spirit of people and places in 391: 381: 372:is properly treated as a plural (however in 363: 349: 333: 58: 5317:. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. 5155:Ajāyeb al-makhlūqāt va gharā'eb al-mawjūdāt 3291:The A to Z of Prophets in Islam and Judaism 1831:Zawba'a or Zoba'ah, the jinn-king of Friday 1301:(being "tired from the soul") are forms of 644:, along with humans, burdened beasts (like 514:' and 'heavenly angels', in literature. In 424:during the reign of the Roman empire under 8801: 8614: 8582: 8437: 8081: 8023: 7848:A Mosque in the area of Medina, possibly: 7501: 7412: 7162:ibn Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim 6964:Current Ummah of Islam (Ummah of Muhammad) 6872: 6861: 6759: 6748: 6482: 6369: 6358: 6342:(Joshua, companion and successor of Moses) 6167: 5926: 5913: 5706: 5465: 5458: 5413: 5400: 5383: 5369: 5361: 5190:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5167:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5132:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5106:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5073:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5031:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4984:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4961:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4923:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4870:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4847:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4793:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4603: 4093: 4079: 4014: 4012: 3617:. London, UK: W.H. Allen. pp. 134–136 1971:Compendium rarissimum totius Artis Magicae 1087:, pushed the necessity for an explanation: 664:animals regarded as forms of jinn include 4319: 3399: 3397: 3395: 3393: 3391: 3276:Teuma, E. (1984). More on Qur'anic jinn. 2645:Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge 1990:notes that, like jinn, the demons of the 1908:as evident from the Talismanic shirts of 932:Belief in jinn is not included among the 891:a specific invisible being, offspring of 3202:. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis. 1406: 1400:According to a survey undertaken by the 1357:, introduced into Turkish literature by 338:, 'possessed' or, generally, 'insane'), 4430: 4418: 4253: 4251: 3468: 3222: 3044: 3017: 2939: 2900: 2612: 2519: 2507: 2395: 2179: 1305:. In that case, it is believed that an 782:Throughout the Quran, humans and jinn ( 466:origin and appeared in the form of the 232:form, but can also choose to appear as 72:Jinn gather to do battle with the hero 6672:(Qaddar ibn Salif and Musda' ibn Dahr) 6558:Believer (Hizbil or Hizqil ibn Sabura) 5183: 5160: 5125: 5099: 5066: 5061:Tafsīr-e rawḥ al-jenān va rūḥ al-janān 5044:. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. 5024: 4995:Typologie des persischen Volksmärchens 4977: 4954: 4951:from the original on 16 February 2008. 4916: 4863: 4840: 4786: 4121:Rassool, G. Hussein (16 August 2018). 3868:Gender and Contemporary Horror in Film 3145:Tafsīr-e rawḥ al-jenān va rūḥ al-janān 2643:. The Original Sources of the Qur'an, 2342:In a study of exorcism culture in the 1044:Since both creations must perform the 57: 8028:Events, incidents, occasions or times 6407:Mother Shamkhah bint Anush or Betenos 6135:)' or 'Owner of the Fish (or Whale)') 4707: 3561:Rowman & Littlefield, 5 Nov 2004 3456:The Routledge Companion to the Qur'an 3449: 3447: 3413:. Leiden: Brill. pp. 53–56, 58. 3097: 3062:https://www.jstor.org/stable/27014158 2538:; Webb, Jeffrey B. (29 August 2016). 1015:The jinn are obligated to follow the 897:considered to be, along with humans, 354:, 'garden', 'eden' or 'heaven'), and 228:at will. They favor a cockroach or a 7: 8359:('Before the Setting (of the Sun)') 6838:People of a township in Surah Ya-Sin 5018:Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics 4557:http://www.jstor.org/stable/40463380 4537:Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2014 4019:Rassool, G. Hussein (16 July 2015). 3775:. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: Darussalam. 1064:and subject to the command to pray. 448: 183:), depending on whether they accept 5340:] (in German). Bern, CH: Haupt. 4837:(in French) (3rd ed.). Leyden. 4835:Supplément aux Dictionnaires arabes 4094: 4080: 3666:C. Hurst & Co. Publishers 2001 2589:Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic 2288:entirely good and pure is an angel. 2280:of great intelligence is called an 2241: 980:deemed jinn-possession impossible. 906: 887:can be used in two different ways: 392: 382: 364: 350: 334: 313: 207: 135: 4813:Essai sur la Demonologie iranienne 4657:http://www.jstor.org/stable/640134 4102:from the original on 29 April 2011 4090:Iranica Online (iranicaonline.org) 3818:Değirmenci, Aslı (9 August 2013). 2433:. Vol. 3. Brill. p. 45. 2089:The Case of the Animals versus Man 1283:taking control over a human's body 1195:as "created beings" and casts the 25: 8384:('Before the rising of the Sun') 5010:. Honar o mordom. pp. 44–51. 4860:. Vol. 1–2. Bloomington, IL. 4206:Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry 2130:Superstitions in Muslim societies 1953:Comparative mythology § Jinn 1927:. This belief is attested by the 1326:Post-modern literature and movies 8551:Heavenly food of Jesus' apostles 6987:(Emigrants from Mecca to Medina) 5063:. Vol. IX–XVII. Tehran, IR. 4058:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_1879 3956:10.1111/j.1548-7458.2009.01041.x 3690:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0191 3336:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1054 2711:. Vol. I. 1706. p. 14. 1874:, who was considered a reliable 1553: 1531: 1509: 1487: 1465: 1443: 1421: 1023:), as derived from the Quran by 8193:(The Sacred or Forbidden Month) 7598:('Sanctuary (which is) Secure') 6954:Ya'juj and Ma'juj/Gog and Magog 5628:', 'beast of prey' or 'hunter') 3609:Hughes, Thomas Patrick (1885). 2990:(3). Akadémiai Kiadó: 423–434. 2429:McAuliffe, Jane Dammen (2005). 2136:Three Thousand Years of Longing 1783:(Arabic: حمى), or the 'Fever'. 1712:, written in the 13th century. 1370:jinn have become a common trope 7497:Salsabīl (A river in Paradise) 7390:at the time of Abraham and Lot 6854:(People of Sodom and Gomorrah) 6521:(King Ar-Rayyān ibn Al-Walīd)) 6013:(Joachim the father of Maryam) 5120:Motif-Index of Folk-Literature 4450:The Metropolitan Museum of Art 4392:Carboni, Stefano (2013). "The 3130:Muḥammad ibn Ayyūb al-Ṭabarī, 2709:Arabian Nights' entertainments 1745:, jinn, the evil eye, devils, 106:Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia 1: 5298:Peterson, Mark Allen (2007). 5087:. Princeton University Press. 4999:Typology of Persian Folktales 4669:Grasso, Valentina A. (2023). 1919:(higher spirits; angels) and 1886:al-Shāmil fī al-baḥr al-kāmil 1620:obsessive-compulsive disorder 934:six articles of Islamic faith 751:of the next chapter entitled 492:is a borrowing of the French 8289:(The Afternoon or the Night) 8187:12 months: Four holy months 7739:('Place-of-Landing Blessed') 7332:(s) or People of the Injil) 6670:Slayers of Ṣāliḥ's she-camel 6199:names and titles of Muhammad 5444:found in the Quran, such as 4913:. Vol. 1–8. Tehran, IR. 4802:Barnhart, Robert K. (1995). 4400:) of the Bodleian Library". 1779:included an illustration of 1673:Architectural representation 1374:Middle Eastern horror movies 976:seems to debate possession. 9037:Islamic legendary creatures 9022:Arabian legendary creatures 8058:(Flood of the Great Dam of 6379:Adam's immediate relatives 5059:Rāzī, Abu al-Futūḥ (1988). 4824:Decharneux, Julien (2023). 4817:Essay on the Demons of Iran 4304:"The just ruler of the age" 3525:. ANU E Press. p. 38. 2913:Zeitlin, Irving M. (2007). 2873:Zeitlin, Irving M. (2007). 2746:Cambridge University Press 2723:The Dictionary Of The Bible 2565:"An Arabic-English Lexicon" 2431:Encyclopaedia of the Qurʼān 1107:Suyuti, Laqt al-marjân, 28. 1096:Suyuti, Laqt al-marjân, 38. 1084:muhaddith (hadith scholars) 696:were inspired by the jinn. 386:), with the singular being 357: 341: 327: 220: 9108: 8265:('Remembrance', including 7911:(literally 'The Barrier') 6939:('Companions of the Wood') 6828:Companions of the Elephant 6777:People of the Burnt Garden 6141:('Companion of the Whale') 5737:('The Trustworthy Spirit') 4738:10.1007/s11089-023-01057-z 4443:Al-Saleh, Yasmine (2010). 4335:Berlekamp, Persis (2011). 3977:Olupona, Jacob K. (2014). 3944:Visual Anthropology Review 3480:Juan Eduardo Campo (2009) 2919:. Polity. pp. 59–60. 2236:sometimes Arabs use Jānn ( 1950: 1329: 1321:Modern and post-modern era 1257:, or spiritual healers in 1179:beliefs about spirits and 962:ahl as-sunnah wal-jammah'a 726: 36: 29: 8994: 8532:('Mother of the Book(s)') 8436: 8158:(The Sabbath or Saturday) 8080: 8033: 8022: 7452:, literally 'The Garden') 7411: 7341:Qissis (Christian priest) 6875: 6758: 6747: 6368: 6357: 5925: 5912: 5457: 5423: 5412: 5399: 5391:People and things in the 5313:Taneja, Anand V. (2017). 5262:Drijvers, H.J.W. (1976). 5214:The Message of the Qu'rán 5146:Types of Indic Oral Tales 4938:An Arabic-English Lexicon 4772:The Types of the Folktale 4675:Journal of Late Antiquity 4616:Falconer, Joshua (2019). 4302:Duggan, Terrance (2018). 4218:10.1007/s11013-013-9327-x 4023:. Routledge. p. 58. 3458:. Routledge. p. 145. 2695:Oxford English Dictionary 2542:. ABC-CLIO. p. 527. 2268:is called a s̲h̲ayṭān, a 2010:18b) and the 8th-century 1791:Talismanic representation 1332:Genies in popular culture 1156: 1135:The jinn (also known as: 883:interpretation, the term 823:Judeo-Christian tradition 583:pre-Islamic Arabic poetry 579:pre-Islamic Arab religion 260:Etymology and translation 136: 63: 7388:Mesopotamian polytheists 7336:Ruhban (Christian monks) 7210:(People of the Verandah) 7087:People of Sabaʾ or Sheba 6890:(literally 'The Romans') 6810:Companions of Noah's Ark 6727:Rahmah the wife of Ayyub 6656:(Korah, cousin of Moses) 6576:Magicians of the Pharaoh 6478:(Muhammad's adopted son) 5770:(Angel of Death, Azrael) 5554:(fish or whale) of Jonah 5040:Nünlist, Tobias (2015). 4811:Christensen, A. (1941). 4659:. Accessed 21 Apr. 2023. 4559:. Accessed 13 June 2020. 4282:10.4103/0971-9962.200095 4175:10.1177/1363461513503378 4163:Transcultural Psychiatry 3922:10.1177/2158244020979701 3710:Gingrich, Andre (1995). 3064:. Accessed 30 Oct. 2023. 2843:Lebling, Robert (2010). 2721:John L. Mckenzie (1995) 2479:Nünlist, Tobias (2015). 1159:) were adopted by later 737:The 72nd chapter of the 557:should be used instead. 8871:Forbidden fruit of Adam 8341:('Decline of the Sun') 8229:(The Lesser Pilgrimage) 7959:Barrier of Dhul-Qarnayn 7384:at the time of Muhammad 7358:Ahbār (Jewish scholars) 6815:Aṣḥāb al-Kahf war-Raqīm 6711:the companion of Joshua 5545:(female ant) of Solomon 5264:The Religion of Palmyra 5232:Crapanzano, V. (1973). 5083:Sinai, Nicolai (2023). 4879:El-Zein, Amira (2009). 3985:Oxford University Press 3716:Quaderni di Studi Arabi 3521:Muhaimin, A.G. (2006). 2966:TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi 2916:The Historical Muhammad 2875:The Historical Muhammad 2742:Mehmet-Ali Ataç (2010) 2485:Demonic Belief in Islam 2139:, a 2022 film starring 1861:Abū Naṣr Aḥmad b. Hilāl 507:Thousand and One Nights 451:) with the meaning of ' 399:The origin of the word 9062:Paranormal terminology 8483:(Scroll(s) of Abraham) 8475:(The Book of Muhammad) 7985:Cave of Seven Sleepers 7808:, literally 'Place of 7696:Al-Buqʿah Al-Mubārakah 7072:Companions of the Rass 6973:Companions of Muhammad 6819:Companions of the Cave 5754:Angel of the Trumpet ( 5280:Goodman, L.E. (1978). 5144:; Roberts, W. (1960). 5042:Dämonenglaube im Islam 5006:Mīhandūst, M. (1976). 4486:Encyclopaedia of Islam 3484:. Infobase Publishing 2765:"jinn – definition of 2563:Lane, Edward William. 2481:Dämonenglaube im Islam 2361:Dämonenglaube im Islam 2302:Dämonenglaube im Islam 2191:Dämonenglaube im Islam 1974: 1832: 1806: 1732: 1682: 1651: 1561:Bosnia and Herzegovina 1350: 1148: 1140: 1132: 1110: 1099: 964:) in the tradition of 876: 867: 756: 684:Poetry and soothsaying 574: 500:, also from the Latin 495: 289: 78:illuminated manuscript 69: 51:Genie (disambiguation) 47:Djinn (disambiguation) 39:Jinni (disambiguation) 8724:(literally 'lamps'): 8637:statue) of Israelites 8570:(Casket of Shekhinah) 8072:Treaty of Hudaybiyyah 7919:(Black Stone) & 7699:('The Blessed Place') 7167:Daughters of Muhammad 7157:Household of Muhammad 7133:Household of Abraham 6981:(literally 'Helpers') 6436:Disciples (including 6096:the son of Zechariah) 5685:(Honourable Scribes) 5673:Bearers of the Throne 4993:Marzolph, U. (1984). 4970:Loeffler, L. (1988). 4856:el-Shamy, H. (1995). 4687:10.1353/jla.2023.0007 3877:10.1108/9781787698970 3482:Encyclopedia of Islam 2641:Tisdall, W. St. Clair 2058:in inscriptions from 2000:Zoroastrian cosmology 1979:comparative mythology 1960: 1951:Further information: 1947:Comparative mythology 1830: 1799:Image of a talisman ( 1798: 1726: 1680: 1649: 1355:magical realism genre 1339: 1130: 873: 864: 736: 568: 376:, may also appear as 267: 76:. Illustration in an 68: 43:Jinn (disambiguation) 9072:Supernatural legends 8504:(Scroll(s) of Moses) 8382:Qabl ṭulūʿ ash-Shams 8099:('the Confederates') 8087:military expeditions 7862:The Prophet's Mosque 7820:('The Sacred Grove') 7616:(Station of Abraham) 7431:Al-Arḍ Al-Muqaddasah 7107:('Companions of the 6906:(Sodom and Gomorrah) 6898:(Children of Israel) 6593:Moses' sister-in-law 6572:, who adopted Moses) 6515:, Qatafir or Qittin) 6494:Brothers (including 6240:He who spoke to God) 5563:(she-camel) of Ṣāliḥ 5535:sleepers of the cave 5503:) of the Abyssinians 5332:Zbinden, E. (1953). 5289:Maarouf, M. (2007). 5266:. Leiden, NL: Brill. 5241:Dibi, Tofik (2021). 4402:The La Trobe Journal 4084:(15 December 2000). 3805:Dear shameless Death 3557:Celia E. Rothenberg 3198:Meri, Josef (2016). 2246:another type of jinn 1992:Testament of Solomon 1941:Neo-Platonic thought 1380:Prevalence of belief 1363:rationalized society 1353:Jinn feature in the 1073:, though considered 958:people of the Sunnah 755:(The Enshrouded One) 692:, philosophers, and 9092:Islamic terminology 9042:Malaysian mythology 8123:Expedition of Tabuk 8067:Farewell Pilgrimage 7817:Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām 7736:Munzalanm-Mubārakan 7555:Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām 7530:Iram of the Pillars 6833:People of al-Ukhdūd 6785:(Companions of the 6244:Ibrāhīm Khalīlullāh 5511:Domesticated donkey 5481:(cow) of Israelites 4726:Pastoral Psychology 4484:Ian Richard Netton 4078:Omidsalar, Mahmoud 3143:Abū al-Futūḥ Rāzī, 3078:. pp. 108–109. 2773:Oxford Dictionaries 2725:Simon and Schuster 2062:as well as broader 1890:Zakariya al-Qazwini 1710:Zakariya al-Qazwini 1705:Aja'ib al-Makhluqat 1700:Alexander the Great 1408: 1402:Pew Research Center 1265:'s studies in 1940 638:Zakariya al-Qazwini 636:), as described by 603:Emilie Savage-Smith 589:Fear and veneration 324:include the Arabic 288:, 713–716 BCE. 177:) or disbelievers ( 161:creatures in early 60: 9087:Albanian mythology 8578:Trumpet of Israfil 8324:('The Late-Night') 8191:Ash-Shahr Al-Ḥarām 7937:(Cave of the Bull) 7922:Al-Hijr of Isma'il 7834:Al-Masjid Al-Ḥarām 7526:Iram dhāt al-ʿImād 7511:(excluding Madyan) 7434:('The Holy Land') 7382:Meccan polytheists 7320:People of the Book 7178:Household of Salih 7153:Household of Moses 7101:(people of Ṣāliḥ) 6802:Disciples of Jesus 6774:People of Paradise 6566:Āsiyá bint Muzāḥim 6455:People of Solomon 6415:People of Abraham 6395:Believer of Ya-Sin 6363:People of Prophets 6061:(Jethro, Reuel or 5868:('Rebellious one') 5592:Beast of the Earth 5094:Tuḥfat al-gharā'ib 4710:, p. 183–186. 4606:, p. 227–228. 4321:10.18367/Pha.18024 3801:Sevgili Arsiz Ölüm 3747:Joseph P. Laycock 3293:. Scarecrow Press 3132:Tuḥfat al-gharā’ib 2359:T. Nünlist (2015) 2300:T. Nünlist (2015) 2189:T. Nünlist (2015) 2016:Theodore bar Konai 1975: 1833: 1807: 1758:talismanic symbols 1733: 1683: 1652: 1636:medical graduation 1407: 1351: 1275:İn Cin top oynuyor 1133: 877: 868: 757: 712:totally controlled 595:pre-Islamic Arabia 575: 571:Sinai desert cobra 299:deriving from the 290: 163:pre-Islamic Arabia 70: 49:, and 9052:Occultism (Islam) 9027:Egyptian folklore 9004: 9003: 8990: 8989: 8963:(Water or fluid) 8949: 8948: 8936:Sidrat al-Muntahā 8780:(Garlic or wheat) 8710: 8709: 8706: 8705: 8432: 8431: 8428: 8427: 8374:('The Afternoon') 8365:('The Afternoon') 8295:('The Mornings') 8128:Conquest of Mecca 8113:Battle of Khaybar 8049:Event of Mubahala 8045:(Night of Decree) 8018: 8017: 7973:Bilād ar-Rāfidayn 7916:Al-Ḥajar al-Aswad 7879: 7878: 7871:Salat (Synagogue) 7824:Al-Masjid Al-Aqṣā 7675:Al-Muqaddas Ṭuwan 7508:Arabian Peninsula 7483:Majmaʿ al-Baḥrayn 7407: 7406: 7403: 7402: 7399: 7398: 7189: 7188: 7185: 7184: 7137:Brothers of Yūsuf 7008:Children of Ayyub 7001:Wife of Abu Lahab 6959:People of Fir'aun 6950:(People of Jonah) 6924:People of Shuaib 6910:People of Ibrahim 6843:People of Yathrib 6743: 6742: 6739: 6738: 6718:Nebuchadnezzar II 6611: 6610: 6353: 6352: 6349: 6348: 6312: 6311: 6181:and Strong Will') 5908: 5907: 5904: 5903: 5783: 5782: 5723:(Gabriel, chief) 5635: 5634: 5324:978-1-5036-0393-6 5051:978-3-110-33168-4 4902:Toḥfat al-majāles 4892:978-0-8156-3200-9 4833:Dozy, R. (1967). 4494:978-1-135-17960-1 4473:978-9-004-12771-5 4394:Book of Surprises 4132:978-1-317-22698-7 4095:دانشنامه ایرانیکا 4030:978-1-31744-125-0 3994:978-0-19-979058-6 3886:978-1-78769-898-7 3844:978-1-84888-366-6 3757:978-1-610-69590-9 3698:978-90-04-16121-4 3672:978-1-85065-570-1 3532:978-1-920942-31-1 3490:978-1-438-12696-8 3420:978-90-474-4358-2 3320:978-0-992-63357-8 3299:978-1-461-71895-6 3280:, 35(1-2), 37-45. 3278:Melita Theologica 3209:978-1-351-66822-4 2926:978-0-7456-3999-4 2884:978-0-745-63998-7 2856:978-0-85773-063-3 2752:978-0-521-51790-4 2731:978-0-684-81913-6 2599:978-0-87950-003-0 2549:978-1-610-69568-8 2494:978-3-110-33168-4 2440:978-90-04-12356-4 2260:Al-Jahiz defines 1821:Magical practises 1751:celestial spirits 1687:Citadel of Aleppo 1587: 1586: 1340:The cave chamber 1237:) and are called 1173:greater tradition 907:مَارِجٍ مِن نَّار 763:, exclusively in 729:Islamic mythology 699:The Arabian poet 674:ancient Near East 640:, they are among 599:Julius Wellhausen 420:– as a result of 218: 125: 124: 96:Mythical creature 16:(Redirected from 9099: 9082:Turkish folklore 9032:Iranian folklore 8890:Plants of Sheba 8802: 8645:Of Noah's people 8615: 8583: 8574:Throne of Bilqis 8567:Tābūt as-Sakīnah 8508:Tablets of Stone 8438: 8421:First Pilgrimage 8237:Times for prayer 8180:Islamic calendar 8108:Battle of Hunayn 8082: 8024: 7963:Bayt al-Muqaddas 7502: 7413: 7172:Muhammad's wives 7147:Progeny of Imran 7029:Yaʾjūj wa Maʾjūj 6931:People of Madyan 6873: 6862: 6760: 6749: 6483: 6449:Zechariah's wife 6433:People of Jesus 6422:Ishmael's mother 6370: 6359: 6168: 6109:Isrāʾīl (Israel) 6094:John the Baptist 5927: 5914: 5707: 5701:Munkar and Nakir 5466: 5459: 5414: 5401: 5385: 5378: 5371: 5362: 5341: 5328: 5309: 5294: 5293:. Leiden: Brill. 5285: 5276: 5267: 5258: 5237: 5228: 5195: 5189: 5181: 5172: 5166: 5158: 5149: 5137: 5131: 5123: 5111: 5105: 5097: 5088: 5078: 5072: 5064: 5055: 5036: 5030: 5022: 5011: 5002: 4989: 4983: 4975: 4966: 4960: 4952: 4950: 4943: 4928: 4922: 4914: 4905: 4896: 4875: 4869: 4861: 4852: 4846: 4838: 4829: 4820: 4807: 4798: 4792: 4784: 4775: 4750: 4749: 4717: 4711: 4705: 4699: 4698: 4666: 4660: 4653: 4647: 4644: 4638: 4637: 4613: 4607: 4601: 4595: 4587: 4569: 4560: 4553: 4547: 4544: 4538: 4531: 4506: 4503: 4497: 4482: 4476: 4461: 4455: 4454: 4440: 4434: 4428: 4422: 4416: 4410: 4409: 4389: 4362: 4359: 4350: 4347: 4341: 4340: 4332: 4326: 4325: 4323: 4299: 4284: 4274: 4268: 4264: 4258: 4255: 4246: 4245: 4201: 4195: 4194: 4157: 4146: 4143: 4137: 4136: 4118: 4112: 4111: 4109: 4107: 4097: 4096: 4083: 4082: 4075: 4069: 4050: 4044: 4041: 4035: 4034: 4016: 4007: 4006: 3974: 3968: 3967: 3939: 3933: 3930: 3924: 3914: 3908: 3905: 3899: 3898: 3858: 3849: 3848: 3830: 3824: 3823: 3815: 3809: 3808: 3793: 3787: 3786: 3766: 3760: 3745: 3739: 3738: 3736: 3734: 3707: 3701: 3681: 3675: 3660: 3654: 3653: 3642: 3636: 3633: 3627: 3626: 3624: 3622: 3606: 3597: 3594: 3588: 3585: 3579: 3576: 3570: 3555: 3549: 3546: 3537: 3536: 3518: 3512: 3508: 3502: 3499: 3493: 3478: 3472: 3466: 3460: 3459: 3451: 3442: 3438: 3432: 3431: 3429: 3427: 3412: 3401: 3386: 3383: 3377: 3374: 3368: 3365: 3359: 3356: 3347: 3328: 3322: 3308: 3302: 3287: 3281: 3274: 3265: 3262: 3253: 3250: 3244: 3241: 3235: 3232: 3226: 3220: 3214: 3213: 3195: 3180: 3177: 3148: 3141: 3135: 3128: 3122: 3116: 3110: 3107: 3101: 3095: 3089: 3086: 3080: 3079: 3071: 3065: 3057: 3048: 3047:, p. 91–93. 3042: 3036: 3035: 3027: 3021: 3015: 3009: 3006: 3000: 2999: 2979: 2970: 2969: 2958: 2952: 2949: 2943: 2937: 2931: 2930: 2910: 2904: 2898: 2889: 2888: 2870: 2861: 2860: 2840: 2813: 2812: 2804: 2798: 2795: 2789: 2788: 2786: 2784: 2775:. Archived from 2761: 2755: 2740: 2734: 2719: 2713: 2712: 2705: 2699: 2698: 2683: 2677: 2674: 2657: 2654: 2648: 2638: 2632: 2629: 2616: 2610: 2604: 2603: 2580: 2574: 2572: 2571:on 8 April 2015. 2567:. Archived from 2560: 2554: 2553: 2532: 2523: 2517: 2511: 2510:, p. 19–21. 2505: 2499: 2498: 2476: 2445: 2444: 2426: 2417: 2416: 2400: 2384: 2380:great traditions 2372: 2368: 2367: 2354: 2348: 2340: 2334: 2327: 2323: 2322: 2314: 2310: 2309: 2295: 2289: 2254: 2248: 2243: 2234: 2228: 2220: 2216: 2215: 2203: 2199: 2198: 2184: 2157:Will-o'-the-wisp 2023:Book of Jubilees 1848:Kitāb al-Fihrist 1695:Seal of Sulaymān 1624:Capgras syndrome 1559: 1557: 1556: 1537: 1535: 1534: 1515: 1513: 1512: 1493: 1491: 1490: 1471: 1469: 1468: 1449: 1447: 1446: 1427: 1425: 1424: 1409: 1165:little tradition 1158: 1108: 1097: 1046:required prayers 908: 784:al-ins wa-l-jinn 537:, "sprite", and 498: 450: 445:Classical Syriac 395: 394: 385: 384: 374:Classical Arabic 367: 366: 360: 353: 352: 346: 337: 336: 330: 315: 307: 306: 223: 213: 211: 140: 138: 110:Islamic folklore 61: 21: 9107: 9106: 9102: 9101: 9100: 9098: 9097: 9096: 9057:Quranic figures 9047:Indian folklore 9007: 9006: 9005: 9000: 8986: 8945: 8883: 8877: 8800: 8761: 8716: 8702: 8676: 8640: 8613: 8587: 8586:Mentioned idols 8581: 8543: 8541: 8535: 8480:Ṣuḥuf-i Ibrāhīm 8443: 8424: 8415:Laylat al-Mabit 8398: 8350:('The Evening') 8339:Dulūk ash-Shams 8307:('The Morning') 8301:('The Morning') 8238: 8232: 8203: 8178: 8172: 8161:Days of battles 8132: 8086: 8076: 8037:Incident of Ifk 8029: 8014: 8005:Palestine River 7875: 7844:Masjid al-Dirar 7774: 7768: 7715: 7663: 7655: 7510: 7506: 7500: 7437:'Blessed' Land' 7418: 7395: 7259: 7253: 7234:Umayyad Dynasty 7195: 7181: 7142:Lot's daughters 7126: 7125:('People of the 7124: 7116: 7068:(people of Hud) 7054: 7040: 7032:(Gog and Magog) 6915:People of Ilyas 6868: 6866: 6860: 6793:Jesus' apostles 6770:Aṣḥāb al-Jannah 6754: 6735: 6681: 6675: 6639:of Moses' time) 6607: 6583:Wise, pious man 6570:Wife of Pharaoh 6562:Imraʾat Firʿawn 6549:Aaron and Moses 6548: 6542: 6498:(Benjamin) and 6487: 6481: 6399:Family of Noah 6364: 6345: 6308: 6263: 6234:Mūsā Kalīmullāh 6180: 6178: 6176: 6166: 6092:ibn Zakariyyā ( 5921: 5900: 5871: 5828: 5779: 5741:Ar-Rūḥ al-Qudus 5731:('The Spirit') 5705: 5683:Kirāman Kātibīn 5678:Harut and Marut 5655:Angels of Hell 5631: 5566: 5453: 5419: 5408: 5395: 5389: 5349: 5344: 5331: 5325: 5312: 5297: 5288: 5279: 5270: 5261: 5255: 5240: 5231: 5225: 5207: 5203: 5201:Further reading 5198: 5182: 5175: 5159: 5152: 5140: 5124: 5114: 5098: 5091: 5082: 5065: 5058: 5052: 5039: 5023: 5014: 5005: 4992: 4976: 4974:. New York, NY. 4969: 4953: 4948: 4941: 4931: 4915: 4908: 4899: 4893: 4878: 4862: 4855: 4839: 4832: 4823: 4810: 4801: 4785: 4781:Ajā'eb al-donyā 4778: 4762: 4758: 4753: 4719: 4718: 4714: 4706: 4702: 4668: 4667: 4663: 4654: 4650: 4645: 4641: 4615: 4614: 4610: 4604:Decharneux 2023 4602: 4598: 4584: 4571: 4570: 4563: 4554: 4550: 4545: 4541: 4532: 4509: 4504: 4500: 4488:Routledge 2013 4483: 4479: 4462: 4458: 4442: 4441: 4437: 4429: 4425: 4417: 4413: 4398:Kitab al-Buhlan 4391: 4390: 4365: 4360: 4353: 4348: 4344: 4334: 4333: 4329: 4301: 4300: 4287: 4275: 4271: 4265: 4261: 4256: 4249: 4203: 4202: 4198: 4159: 4158: 4149: 4144: 4140: 4133: 4120: 4119: 4115: 4105: 4103: 4081:محمود امیدسالار 4077: 4076: 4072: 4051: 4047: 4042: 4038: 4031: 4018: 4017: 4010: 3995: 3976: 3975: 3971: 3941: 3940: 3936: 3931: 3927: 3915: 3911: 3906: 3902: 3887: 3860: 3859: 3852: 3845: 3832: 3831: 3827: 3817: 3816: 3812: 3795: 3794: 3790: 3783: 3768: 3767: 3763: 3746: 3742: 3732: 3730: 3709: 3708: 3704: 3682: 3678: 3661: 3657: 3644: 3643: 3639: 3634: 3630: 3620: 3618: 3608: 3607: 3600: 3595: 3591: 3586: 3582: 3577: 3573: 3556: 3552: 3547: 3540: 3533: 3520: 3519: 3515: 3509: 3505: 3500: 3496: 3479: 3475: 3467: 3463: 3453: 3452: 3445: 3439: 3435: 3425: 3423: 3421: 3410: 3403: 3402: 3389: 3384: 3380: 3375: 3371: 3366: 3362: 3357: 3350: 3329: 3325: 3309: 3305: 3288: 3284: 3275: 3268: 3263: 3256: 3251: 3247: 3242: 3238: 3233: 3229: 3221: 3217: 3210: 3197: 3196: 3183: 3178: 3151: 3142: 3138: 3129: 3125: 3117: 3113: 3108: 3104: 3096: 3092: 3087: 3083: 3074:Amira el-Zein. 3073: 3072: 3068: 3058: 3051: 3043: 3039: 3029: 3028: 3024: 3016: 3012: 3007: 3003: 2981: 2980: 2973: 2960: 2959: 2955: 2950: 2946: 2938: 2934: 2927: 2912: 2911: 2907: 2899: 2892: 2885: 2872: 2871: 2864: 2857: 2842: 2841: 2816: 2807:Amira el-Zein. 2806: 2805: 2801: 2796: 2792: 2782: 2780: 2779:on 3 April 2019 2763: 2762: 2758: 2741: 2737: 2720: 2716: 2707: 2706: 2702: 2685: 2684: 2680: 2675: 2660: 2655: 2651: 2639: 2635: 2630: 2619: 2611: 2607: 2600: 2582: 2581: 2577: 2562: 2561: 2557: 2550: 2534: 2533: 2526: 2518: 2514: 2506: 2502: 2495: 2478: 2477: 2448: 2441: 2428: 2427: 2420: 2402: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2388: 2387: 2373: 2370: 2365: 2364: 2355: 2351: 2341: 2337: 2328: 2325: 2320: 2319: 2317: 2315: 2312: 2307: 2306: 2304: 2296: 2292: 2255: 2251: 2235: 2231: 2221: 2218: 2213: 2212: 2210: 2204: 2201: 2196: 2195: 2193: 2185: 2181: 2176: 2171: 2166: 2083: 1955: 1949: 1929:Book of Wonders 1823: 1811:Qur'anic verses 1793: 1777:Book of Wonders 1762:Book of Wonders 1738:Book of Wonders 1729:Book of Wonders 1721: 1718:Kitāb al-Bulhān 1675: 1644: 1594:Sleep paralysis 1583: 1582: 1569: 1568: 1554: 1552: 1547: 1546: 1532: 1530: 1525: 1524: 1510: 1508: 1503: 1502: 1488: 1486: 1481: 1480: 1466: 1464: 1459: 1458: 1444: 1442: 1437: 1436: 1422: 1420: 1382: 1334: 1328: 1323: 1296: 1161:Islamic culture 1125: 1109: 1106: 1098: 1095: 1013: 1001:Sufi literature 911:mārijin min nār 859: 731: 725: 720: 686: 652:, wild beasts, 591: 563: 561:Pre-Islamic era 479:peoples of Iran 475:pre-Zoroastrian 304: 303: 297:collective noun 274:bucket and cone 262: 167:Islamic culture 87: 80:of the Iranian 54: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9105: 9103: 9095: 9094: 9089: 9084: 9079: 9074: 9069: 9064: 9059: 9054: 9049: 9044: 9039: 9034: 9029: 9024: 9019: 9009: 9008: 9002: 9001: 8995: 8992: 8991: 8988: 8987: 8985: 8984: 8978: 8977: 8976: 8975:(River or sea) 8970: 8957: 8955: 8951: 8950: 8947: 8946: 8944: 8943: 8938: 8933: 8923: 8913: 8912: 8911: 8901: 8887: 8885: 8879: 8878: 8876: 8875: 8874: 8873: 8865: 8855: 8845: 8835: 8825: 8819: 8808: 8806: 8799: 8793: 8787: 8781: 8775: 8769: 8767: 8763: 8762: 8760: 8759: 8758: 8757: 8745: 8744: 8743: 8731: 8720: 8718: 8712: 8711: 8708: 8707: 8704: 8703: 8701: 8700: 8695: 8690: 8684: 8682: 8678: 8677: 8675: 8674: 8669: 8664: 8659: 8654: 8648: 8646: 8642: 8641: 8639: 8638: 8627: 8621: 8619: 8612: 8611: 8595: 8591: 8589: 8580: 8579: 8576: 8571: 8563: 8558: 8553: 8547: 8545: 8537: 8536: 8534: 8533: 8525: 8512: 8511: 8510: 8505: 8484: 8476: 8467: 8453: 8451: 8445: 8444: 8441: 8434: 8433: 8430: 8429: 8426: 8425: 8423: 8418: 8411: 8406: 8404: 8400: 8399: 8397: 8396: 8395: 8394: 8379: 8378: 8377: 8376: 8375: 8366: 8351: 8336: 8327: 8326: 8325: 8315:('The Night') 8310: 8309: 8308: 8302: 8290: 8271:('Praising'), 8242: 8240: 8239:or remembrance 8234: 8233: 8231: 8230: 8221: 8211: 8209: 8205: 8204: 8202: 8201: 8200: 8199: 8194: 8184: 8182: 8174: 8173: 8171: 8170: 8165: 8162: 8159: 8150: 8140: 8138: 8134: 8133: 8131: 8130: 8125: 8120: 8118:Battle of Uhud 8115: 8110: 8105: 8103:Battle of Badr 8100: 8090: 8088: 8078: 8077: 8075: 8074: 8069: 8063: 8051: 8046: 8042:Laylat al-Qadr 8038: 8034: 8031: 8030: 8027: 8020: 8019: 8016: 8015: 8013: 8012: 8006: 8003: 7997: 7992: 7987: 7982: 7977: 7969: 7960: 7957: 7952: 7951: 7950: 7949: 7948: 7943: 7938: 7934:Ghār ath-Thawr 7930: 7925: 7900: 7899: 7898: 7887: 7885: 7881: 7880: 7877: 7876: 7874: 7873: 7868: 7867: 7866: 7865: 7864: 7859: 7846: 7841: 7831: 7821: 7799: 7794: 7787: 7778: 7776: 7770: 7769: 7767: 7766: 7757:('Township of 7752: 7742: 7741: 7740: 7726: 7724: 7717: 7716: 7714: 7713: 7704: 7703: 7702: 7701: 7700: 7685:Al-Wādil-Ayman 7679:Valley of Tuwa 7667: 7665: 7657: 7656: 7654: 7653: 7648: 7647: 7646: 7624: 7623: 7622: 7620:Safa and Marwa 7617: 7609: 7599: 7590: 7575: 7570: 7565: 7557: 7548: 7535: 7534: 7533: 7514: 7512: 7499: 7498: 7495: 7485: 7480: 7470: 7468:Door of Hittah 7465: 7453: 7440: 7439: 7438: 7426: 7424: 7420: 7419: 7416: 7409: 7408: 7405: 7404: 7401: 7400: 7397: 7396: 7394: 7393: 7392: 7391: 7385: 7374: 7373: 7372: 7367: 7366: 7365: 7360: 7345: 7344: 7343: 7338: 7313: 7312: 7311: 7303: 7291: 7283: 7282: 7281: 7271: 7268:Ahl al-Dhimmah 7263: 7261: 7255: 7254: 7252: 7251: 7245: 7236: 7231: 7229:Iranian people 7226: 7221: 7216: 7211: 7205: 7199: 7197: 7191: 7190: 7187: 7186: 7183: 7182: 7180: 7179: 7176: 7175: 7174: 7169: 7164: 7154: 7151: 7150: 7149: 7144: 7139: 7130: 7128: 7118: 7117: 7115: 7114: 7113: 7112: 7096: 7091: 7090: 7089: 7074: 7069: 7062: 7060: 7042: 7041: 7039: 7038: 7033: 7025: 7020: 7015: 7010: 7005: 7004: 7003: 6992: 6991: 6990: 6989: 6988: 6982: 6969:Aṣḥāb Muḥammad 6961: 6956: 6951: 6942: 6941: 6940: 6937:Aṣḥāb al-Aykah 6934: 6922: 6917: 6912: 6907: 6899: 6891: 6883: 6876: 6870: 6859: 6858: 6857:Nation of Noah 6855: 6849: 6840: 6835: 6830: 6825: 6812: 6807: 6806: 6805: 6790: 6780: 6779: 6778: 6775: 6766: 6764: 6756: 6755: 6752: 6745: 6744: 6741: 6740: 6737: 6736: 6734: 6733: 6728: 6725: 6720: 6715: 6712: 6709:Caleb or Kaleb 6706: 6701: 6696: 6691: 6685: 6683: 6677: 6676: 6674: 6673: 6667: 6662: 6657: 6651: 6645: 6640: 6630: 6619: 6617: 6613: 6612: 6609: 6608: 6606: 6605: 6600: 6595: 6590: 6585: 6580: 6579: 6578: 6573: 6559: 6552: 6550: 6544: 6543: 6541: 6540: 6535: 6534: 6533: 6522: 6516: 6503: 6491: 6489: 6480: 6479: 6473: 6472: 6471: 6466: 6464:Queen of Sheba 6461: 6453: 6452: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6431: 6430: 6429: 6427:Isaac's mother 6424: 6419: 6413: 6410: 6409: 6408: 6405: 6397: 6392: 6391: 6390: 6385: 6376: 6374: 6366: 6365: 6362: 6355: 6354: 6351: 6350: 6347: 6346: 6344: 6343: 6340:Yūshaʿ ibn Nūn 6337: 6327: 6320: 6318: 6314: 6313: 6310: 6309: 6307: 6306: 6292: 6282: 6277: 6271: 6269: 6268:Debatable ones 6265: 6264: 6262: 6261: 6251: 6250:Friend of God) 6241: 6231: 6230: 6229: 6223: 6203: 6202: 6201: 6195: 6184: 6182: 6177:('Those of the 6165: 6164: 6154: 6144: 6143: 6142: 6136: 6112: 6111: 6110: 6097: 6087: 6076: 6066: 6056: 6051: 6041: 6040: 6039: 6024: 6014: 6008: 6002: 5992: 5986: 5980: 5974: 5964: 5954: 5944: 5933: 5931: 5923: 5922: 5917: 5910: 5909: 5906: 5905: 5902: 5901: 5899: 5898: 5891: 5879: 5877: 5873: 5872: 5870: 5869: 5861: 5845: 5843: 5830: 5829: 5827: 5826: 5819: 5811: 5804: 5796: 5794: 5785: 5784: 5781: 5780: 5778: 5777: 5771: 5763: 5752: 5751: 5750: 5749: 5748: 5738: 5735:Ar-Rūḥ al-Amīn 5717: 5715: 5704: 5703: 5698: 5697: 5696: 5691: 5680: 5675: 5670: 5669: 5668: 5661: 5652: 5650: 5637: 5636: 5633: 5632: 5630: 5629: 5617: 5605: 5595: 5585: 5574: 5572: 5568: 5567: 5565: 5564: 5555: 5546: 5537: 5527: 5514: 5504: 5491: 5482: 5472: 5470: 5463: 5455: 5454: 5452: 5451: 5450: 5449: 5424: 5421: 5420: 5417: 5410: 5409: 5404: 5397: 5396: 5390: 5388: 5387: 5380: 5373: 5365: 5359: 5358: 5348: 5347:External links 5345: 5343: 5342: 5329: 5323: 5310: 5295: 5286: 5277: 5268: 5259: 5253: 5238: 5229: 5223: 5209:Asad, Muhammad 5204: 5202: 5199: 5197: 5196: 5173: 5150: 5138: 5112: 5089: 5080: 5056: 5050: 5037: 5012: 5003: 4990: 4967: 4944:. Beirut, LB. 4929: 4906: 4897: 4891: 4876: 4853: 4830: 4821: 4808: 4799: 4776: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4751: 4732:(1): 133–145. 4712: 4700: 4681:(1): 162–163. 4661: 4648: 4639: 4608: 4596: 4582: 4561: 4548: 4539: 4507: 4498: 4477: 4463:Gerda Sengers 4456: 4435: 4423: 4411: 4363: 4351: 4342: 4327: 4314:(4): 389–421. 4285: 4269: 4259: 4247: 4212:(3): 534–548. 4196: 4169:(2): 158–175. 4147: 4138: 4131: 4113: 4070: 4045: 4036: 4029: 4008: 3993: 3987:. p. 36. 3969: 3950:(2): 186–207. 3934: 3925: 3909: 3900: 3885: 3850: 3843: 3825: 3810: 3788: 3781: 3761: 3751:ABC-CLIO 2015 3740: 3702: 3676: 3655: 3652:. 24 May 2022. 3637: 3628: 3598: 3589: 3580: 3571: 3550: 3538: 3531: 3513: 3503: 3494: 3473: 3461: 3443: 3433: 3419: 3387: 3378: 3369: 3360: 3348: 3323: 3303: 3282: 3266: 3254: 3245: 3236: 3227: 3215: 3208: 3181: 3149: 3147:, pp. 193, 341 3136: 3123: 3111: 3102: 3100:, p. 180. 3090: 3081: 3066: 3049: 3037: 3022: 3020:, p. 164. 3010: 3001: 2971: 2953: 2944: 2942:, p. 122. 2932: 2925: 2905: 2890: 2883: 2862: 2855: 2814: 2811:. p. 260. 2799: 2790: 2756: 2735: 2714: 2700: 2678: 2658: 2649: 2647:, London, 1905 2633: 2617: 2605: 2598: 2575: 2555: 2548: 2524: 2512: 2500: 2493: 2446: 2439: 2418: 2394: 2392: 2389: 2386: 2385: 2349: 2335: 2290: 2249: 2229: 2178: 2177: 2175: 2172: 2170: 2167: 2165: 2164: 2159: 2154: 2149: 2144: 2132: 2127: 2122: 2117: 2112: 2107: 2102: 2097: 2092: 2084: 2082: 2079: 2066:demonologies. 1994:ascend to the 1988:Patricia Crone 1948: 1945: 1921:rūḥāiya sufula 1906:Ottoman Empire 1865:Umayyad period 1844:ibn al-Nadim's 1822: 1819: 1792: 1789: 1720: 1714: 1674: 1671: 1643: 1640: 1632:disenchantment 1585: 1584: 1580: 1579: 1577: 1571: 1570: 1566: 1565: 1563: 1549: 1548: 1544: 1543: 1541: 1527: 1526: 1522: 1521: 1519: 1505: 1504: 1500: 1499: 1497: 1483: 1482: 1478: 1477: 1475: 1461: 1460: 1456: 1455: 1453: 1439: 1438: 1434: 1433: 1431: 1417: 1416: 1413: 1381: 1378: 1343:Majlis al Jinn 1330:Main article: 1327: 1324: 1322: 1319: 1294: 1124: 1121: 1104: 1093: 1039:muslimū l-jinn 1025:Muslim jurists 1012: 1009: 1005:Sufi cosmology 978:Al-Rustughfanī 930: 929: 918:sensory organs 914: 858: 855: 851:eschatological 775:was sent as a 724: 721: 719: 716: 685: 682: 590: 587: 562: 559: 453:tutelary deity 418:Roman religion 261: 258: 123: 122: 117: 113: 112: 103: 99: 98: 93: 89: 88: 71: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9104: 9093: 9090: 9088: 9085: 9083: 9080: 9078: 9077:Shapeshifting 9075: 9073: 9070: 9068: 9065: 9063: 9060: 9058: 9055: 9053: 9050: 9048: 9045: 9043: 9040: 9038: 9035: 9033: 9030: 9028: 9025: 9023: 9020: 9018: 9015: 9014: 9012: 8998: 8993: 8982: 8979: 8974: 8971: 8968: 8965: 8964: 8962: 8959: 8958: 8956: 8952: 8942: 8939: 8937: 8934: 8931: 8927: 8924: 8921: 8917: 8914: 8909: 8905: 8902: 8899: 8895: 8892: 8891: 8889: 8888: 8886: 8882:Bushes, trees 8880: 8872: 8869: 8868: 8866: 8863: 8859: 8856: 8853: 8849: 8846: 8843: 8839: 8836: 8833: 8829: 8826: 8823: 8820: 8817: 8813: 8810: 8809: 8807: 8803: 8797: 8794: 8791: 8788: 8785: 8782: 8779: 8776: 8773: 8770: 8768: 8764: 8755: 8752: 8751: 8749: 8746: 8741: 8738: 8737: 8735: 8732: 8729: 8726: 8725: 8723: 8719: 8713: 8699: 8696: 8694: 8691: 8689: 8686: 8685: 8683: 8679: 8673: 8670: 8668: 8665: 8663: 8660: 8658: 8655: 8653: 8650: 8649: 8647: 8643: 8636: 8632: 8628: 8626: 8623: 8622: 8620: 8618:Of Israelites 8616: 8609: 8605: 8604: 8599: 8596: 8593: 8592: 8590: 8588:(cult images) 8584: 8577: 8575: 8572: 8569: 8568: 8564: 8562: 8561:Staff of Musa 8559: 8557: 8554: 8552: 8549: 8548: 8546: 8538: 8531: 8530: 8526: 8523: 8519: 8518: 8513: 8509: 8506: 8503: 8502: 8498: 8497: 8495: 8491: 8490: 8485: 8482: 8481: 8477: 8474: 8473: 8468: 8465: 8461: 8460: 8455: 8454: 8452: 8450: 8446: 8439: 8435: 8422: 8419: 8417: 8416: 8412: 8410: 8407: 8405: 8401: 8392: 8391: 8386: 8385: 8383: 8380: 8373: 8372: 8367: 8364: 8361: 8360: 8358: 8357: 8352: 8349: 8348: 8343: 8342: 8340: 8337: 8334: 8333: 8328: 8323: 8322: 8317: 8316: 8314: 8311: 8306: 8303: 8300: 8297: 8296: 8294: 8291: 8288: 8285: 8284: 8282: 8281: 8276: 8275: 8270: 8269: 8264: 8263: 8258: 8257: 8252: 8248: 8247: 8241: 8235: 8228: 8227: 8222: 8219: 8218: 8213: 8212: 8210: 8206: 8198: 8195: 8192: 8189: 8188: 8186: 8185: 8183: 8181: 8177:Months of the 8175: 8169: 8166: 8163: 8160: 8157: 8156: 8151: 8148: 8147: 8142: 8141: 8139: 8135: 8129: 8126: 8124: 8121: 8119: 8116: 8114: 8111: 8109: 8106: 8104: 8101: 8098: 8097: 8092: 8091: 8089: 8083: 8079: 8073: 8070: 8068: 8064: 8061: 8057: 8056: 8055:Sayl al-ʿArim 8052: 8050: 8047: 8044: 8043: 8039: 8036: 8035: 8032: 8025: 8021: 8011: 8007: 8004: 8001: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7991: 7988: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976:(Mesopotamia) 7975: 7974: 7970: 7968: 7964: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7953: 7947: 7944: 7942: 7939: 7936: 7935: 7931: 7929: 7926: 7924: 7923: 7918: 7917: 7913: 7912: 7910: 7909: 7904: 7903: 7901: 7897: 7894: 7893: 7892: 7889: 7888: 7886: 7882: 7872: 7869: 7863: 7860: 7857: 7853: 7850: 7849: 7847: 7845: 7842: 7839: 7838:Sacred Mosque 7835: 7832: 7829: 7825: 7822: 7819: 7818: 7814: 7813: 7811: 7807: 7803: 7800: 7798: 7795: 7793: 7792: 7788: 7785: 7784: 7780: 7779: 7777: 7771: 7764: 7760: 7756: 7753: 7750: 7746: 7743: 7738: 7737: 7733: 7732: 7731: 7728: 7727: 7725: 7723: 7718: 7712: 7708: 7705: 7698: 7697: 7693: 7692: 7690: 7686: 7683: 7682: 7680: 7676: 7674: 7669: 7668: 7666: 7664:or Tīh Desert 7662: 7658: 7652: 7649: 7644: 7640: 7637: 7636: 7634: 7630: 7629: 7625: 7621: 7618: 7615: 7614: 7613:Maqām Ibrāhīm 7610: 7607: 7603: 7600: 7597: 7595: 7591: 7589: 7586: 7585: 7583: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7569: 7566: 7563: 7562: 7558: 7556: 7552: 7549: 7546: 7542: 7541: 7536: 7531: 7527: 7524: 7523: 7521: 7520: 7516: 7515: 7513: 7509: 7503: 7496: 7493: 7489: 7486: 7484: 7481: 7478: 7474: 7471: 7469: 7466: 7463: 7459: 7458: 7454: 7451: 7447: 7446: 7441: 7436: 7435: 7433: 7432: 7428: 7427: 7425: 7421: 7414: 7410: 7389: 7386: 7383: 7380: 7379: 7378: 7375: 7371: 7368: 7364: 7363:Rabbani/Rabbi 7361: 7359: 7356: 7355: 7353: 7349: 7346: 7342: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7333: 7331: 7327: 7324: 7323: 7321: 7317: 7314: 7309: 7308: 7307: 7304: 7301: 7297: 7296: 7292: 7290: 7287: 7284: 7279: 7278: 7277: 7276: 7272: 7270: 7269: 7265: 7264: 7262: 7256: 7250: 7246: 7244: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7217: 7215: 7212: 7209: 7206: 7204: 7201: 7200: 7198: 7192: 7177: 7173: 7170: 7168: 7165: 7163: 7160: 7159: 7158: 7155: 7152: 7148: 7145: 7143: 7140: 7138: 7135: 7134: 7132: 7131: 7129: 7123: 7119: 7110: 7106: 7105:Aṣḥāb al-Ḥijr 7103: 7102: 7100: 7097: 7095: 7092: 7088: 7085: 7084: 7082: 7078: 7075: 7073: 7070: 7067: 7064: 7063: 7061: 7058: 7053: 7049: 7048: 7043: 7037: 7034: 7031: 7030: 7026: 7024: 7021: 7019: 7016: 7014: 7011: 7009: 7006: 7002: 6999: 6998: 6997: 6993: 6986: 6983: 6980: 6977: 6976: 6974: 6970: 6967: 6966: 6965: 6962: 6960: 6957: 6955: 6952: 6949: 6948: 6943: 6938: 6935: 6932: 6929: 6926: 6925: 6923: 6921: 6920:People of Nuh 6918: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6905: 6904: 6900: 6897: 6896: 6892: 6889: 6888: 6884: 6882: 6878: 6877: 6874: 6871: 6863: 6856: 6853: 6850: 6848: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6836: 6834: 6831: 6829: 6826: 6824: 6820: 6816: 6813: 6811: 6808: 6803: 6799: 6796: 6795: 6794: 6791: 6788: 6784: 6783:Aṣḥāb as-Sabt 6781: 6776: 6773: 6772: 6771: 6768: 6767: 6765: 6761: 6757: 6750: 6746: 6732: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6713: 6710: 6707: 6705: 6702: 6700: 6699:Bal'am/Balaam 6697: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6686: 6684: 6682:not specified 6678: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6661: 6658: 6655: 6652: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6638: 6634: 6631: 6628: 6624: 6621: 6620: 6618: 6614: 6604: 6601: 6599: 6596: 6594: 6591: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6577: 6574: 6571: 6567: 6563: 6560: 6557: 6556: 6554: 6553: 6551: 6545: 6539: 6536: 6531: 6527: 6523: 6520: 6517: 6514: 6510: 6507: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6497: 6493: 6492: 6490: 6484: 6477: 6474: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6456: 6454: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6444:Mary's mother 6442: 6439: 6435: 6434: 6432: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6417: 6416: 6414: 6411: 6406: 6404: 6403:Father Lamech 6401: 6400: 6398: 6396: 6393: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6380: 6378: 6377: 6375: 6371: 6367: 6360: 6356: 6341: 6338: 6335: 6331: 6328: 6325: 6322: 6321: 6319: 6315: 6304: 6300: 6296: 6293: 6290: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6272: 6270: 6266: 6259: 6255: 6252: 6249: 6245: 6242: 6239: 6235: 6232: 6228:(Son of Mary) 6227: 6224: 6221: 6217: 6214: 6213: 6211: 6207: 6204: 6200: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6190: 6189: 6186: 6185: 6183: 6175: 6174: 6169: 6162: 6158: 6155: 6153:son of Jacob) 6152: 6148: 6145: 6140: 6137: 6134: 6130: 6126: 6123: 6122: 6120: 6116: 6113: 6108: 6107: 6105: 6101: 6098: 6095: 6091: 6088: 6085: 6081: 6077: 6075:son of David) 6074: 6070: 6067: 6064: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6049: 6045: 6042: 6038: 6035: 6034: 6032: 6028: 6025: 6022: 6018: 6015: 6012: 6009: 6006: 6003: 6000: 5996: 5993: 5990: 5987: 5984: 5981: 5978: 5975: 5972: 5968: 5965: 5962: 5958: 5955: 5952: 5948: 5945: 5942: 5938: 5935: 5934: 5932: 5928: 5924: 5920: 5915: 5911: 5897: 5896: 5892: 5890: 5886: 5885: 5881: 5880: 5878: 5874: 5867: 5866: 5862: 5859: 5856:(the (chief) 5855: 5854: 5850: 5847: 5846: 5844: 5841: 5837: 5836: 5831: 5825: 5824: 5820: 5817: 5816: 5812: 5810: 5809: 5805: 5803: 5802: 5798: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5791: 5786: 5775: 5772: 5769: 5768: 5764: 5761: 5757: 5753: 5746: 5742: 5739: 5736: 5733: 5732: 5730: 5729: 5725: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5718: 5716: 5714: 5713: 5708: 5702: 5699: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5687: 5686: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5674: 5671: 5667: 5666: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5656: 5654: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5644: 5643: 5638: 5627: 5623: 5622: 5618: 5615: 5611: 5610: 5606: 5603: 5599: 5596: 5593: 5589: 5588:Dābbat al-Arḍ 5586: 5583: 5579: 5576: 5575: 5573: 5569: 5562: 5561: 5556: 5553: 5552: 5547: 5544: 5543: 5538: 5536: 5533:(dog) of the 5532: 5528: 5525: 5521: 5520: 5515: 5512: 5508: 5505: 5502: 5498: 5497: 5492: 5489: 5488: 5483: 5480: 5479: 5474: 5473: 5471: 5467: 5464: 5460: 5456: 5447: 5443: 5439: 5436: 5435: 5433: 5429: 5426: 5425: 5422: 5415: 5411: 5407: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5386: 5381: 5379: 5374: 5372: 5367: 5366: 5363: 5357: 5356: 5353:Etymology of 5351: 5350: 5346: 5339: 5335: 5330: 5326: 5320: 5316: 5311: 5307: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5292: 5287: 5283: 5278: 5274: 5269: 5265: 5260: 5256: 5254:9781438481302 5250: 5246: 5245: 5239: 5235: 5230: 5226: 5224:1-904510-00-0 5220: 5216: 5215: 5210: 5206: 5205: 5200: 5193: 5187: 5180:. Tehran, IR. 5179: 5174: 5170: 5164: 5157:. Tehran, IR. 5156: 5151: 5147: 5143: 5139: 5135: 5129: 5121: 5117: 5113: 5109: 5103: 5096:. Tehran, IR. 5095: 5090: 5086: 5081: 5079:(pub. so far) 5076: 5070: 5062: 5057: 5053: 5047: 5043: 5038: 5034: 5028: 5020: 5019: 5013: 5009: 5004: 5000: 4996: 4991: 4987: 4981: 4973: 4968: 4964: 4958: 4947: 4940: 4939: 4934: 4930: 4926: 4920: 4912: 4911:Ketāb al-kāfī 4907: 4904:. Tehran, IR. 4903: 4898: 4894: 4888: 4884: 4883: 4877: 4873: 4867: 4859: 4854: 4850: 4844: 4836: 4831: 4828:. De Gruyter. 4827: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4809: 4805: 4800: 4796: 4790: 4783:. Moscow, RU. 4782: 4777: 4773: 4769: 4765: 4761: 4760: 4755: 4747: 4743: 4739: 4735: 4731: 4727: 4723: 4716: 4713: 4709: 4704: 4701: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4684: 4680: 4676: 4672: 4665: 4662: 4658: 4652: 4649: 4643: 4640: 4635: 4631: 4627: 4623: 4619: 4612: 4609: 4605: 4600: 4597: 4594: 4590: 4585: 4583:9783110444797 4579: 4575: 4568: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4552: 4549: 4543: 4540: 4536: 4533:Travis Zadeh 4530: 4528: 4526: 4524: 4522: 4520: 4518: 4516: 4514: 4512: 4508: 4502: 4499: 4495: 4491: 4487: 4481: 4478: 4474: 4470: 4466: 4460: 4457: 4452: 4451: 4446: 4439: 4436: 4433:, p. 82. 4432: 4427: 4424: 4421:, p. 80. 4420: 4415: 4412: 4407: 4403: 4399: 4395: 4388: 4386: 4384: 4382: 4380: 4378: 4376: 4374: 4372: 4370: 4368: 4364: 4358: 4356: 4352: 4346: 4343: 4338: 4331: 4328: 4322: 4317: 4313: 4309: 4305: 4298: 4296: 4294: 4292: 4290: 4286: 4283: 4279: 4273: 4270: 4263: 4260: 4254: 4252: 4248: 4243: 4239: 4235: 4231: 4227: 4223: 4219: 4215: 4211: 4207: 4200: 4197: 4192: 4188: 4184: 4180: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4164: 4156: 4154: 4152: 4148: 4142: 4139: 4134: 4128: 4125:. Routledge. 4124: 4117: 4114: 4101: 4091: 4087: 4074: 4071: 4067: 4066:9789004161214 4063: 4059: 4055: 4049: 4046: 4040: 4037: 4032: 4026: 4022: 4015: 4013: 4009: 4004: 4000: 3996: 3990: 3986: 3982: 3981: 3973: 3970: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3949: 3945: 3938: 3935: 3929: 3926: 3923: 3919: 3913: 3910: 3904: 3901: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3870: 3869: 3864: 3857: 3855: 3851: 3846: 3840: 3836: 3829: 3826: 3821: 3814: 3811: 3806: 3802: 3798: 3792: 3789: 3784: 3782:9789960732442 3778: 3774: 3773: 3765: 3762: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3744: 3741: 3729: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3713: 3706: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3691: 3687: 3680: 3677: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3662:Robert Elsie 3659: 3656: 3651: 3647: 3641: 3638: 3632: 3629: 3616: 3612: 3605: 3603: 3599: 3593: 3590: 3584: 3581: 3575: 3572: 3568: 3567:9781461741237 3564: 3560: 3554: 3551: 3545: 3543: 3539: 3534: 3528: 3524: 3517: 3514: 3507: 3504: 3498: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3477: 3474: 3471:, p. 52. 3470: 3465: 3462: 3457: 3450: 3448: 3444: 3437: 3434: 3422: 3416: 3409: 3408: 3400: 3398: 3396: 3394: 3392: 3388: 3382: 3379: 3373: 3370: 3364: 3361: 3355: 3353: 3349: 3345: 3344:9789004161214 3341: 3337: 3333: 3327: 3324: 3321: 3317: 3313: 3307: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3286: 3283: 3279: 3273: 3271: 3267: 3261: 3259: 3255: 3249: 3246: 3240: 3237: 3231: 3228: 3225:, p. 64. 3224: 3219: 3216: 3211: 3205: 3201: 3194: 3192: 3190: 3188: 3186: 3182: 3176: 3174: 3172: 3170: 3168: 3166: 3164: 3162: 3160: 3158: 3156: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3140: 3137: 3133: 3127: 3124: 3121: 3115: 3112: 3106: 3103: 3099: 3094: 3091: 3085: 3082: 3077: 3070: 3067: 3063: 3056: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3041: 3038: 3033: 3026: 3023: 3019: 3014: 3011: 3005: 3002: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2978: 2976: 2972: 2967: 2963: 2957: 2954: 2948: 2945: 2941: 2936: 2933: 2928: 2922: 2918: 2917: 2909: 2906: 2903:, p. 34. 2902: 2897: 2895: 2891: 2886: 2880: 2876: 2869: 2867: 2863: 2858: 2852: 2848: 2847: 2839: 2837: 2835: 2833: 2831: 2829: 2827: 2825: 2823: 2821: 2819: 2815: 2810: 2803: 2800: 2794: 2791: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2768: 2760: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2739: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2718: 2715: 2710: 2704: 2701: 2696: 2692: 2690: 2682: 2679: 2673: 2671: 2669: 2667: 2665: 2663: 2659: 2653: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2637: 2634: 2628: 2626: 2624: 2622: 2618: 2615:, p. 38. 2614: 2609: 2606: 2601: 2595: 2591: 2590: 2585: 2579: 2576: 2570: 2566: 2559: 2556: 2551: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2531: 2529: 2525: 2522:, p. 37. 2521: 2516: 2513: 2509: 2504: 2501: 2496: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2475: 2473: 2471: 2469: 2467: 2465: 2463: 2461: 2459: 2457: 2455: 2453: 2451: 2447: 2442: 2436: 2432: 2425: 2423: 2419: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2399: 2396: 2390: 2381: 2377: 2369: 2362: 2358: 2353: 2350: 2345: 2339: 2336: 2332: 2324: 2311: 2303: 2299: 2294: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2253: 2250: 2247: 2239: 2233: 2230: 2225: 2217: 2208: 2200: 2192: 2188: 2183: 2180: 2173: 2168: 2163: 2160: 2158: 2155: 2153: 2150: 2148: 2145: 2142: 2138: 2137: 2133: 2131: 2128: 2126: 2125:Shadow person 2123: 2121: 2118: 2116: 2113: 2111: 2108: 2106: 2103: 2101: 2098: 2096: 2093: 2091: 2090: 2086: 2085: 2080: 2078: 2076: 2072: 2067: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2052: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2033: 2028: 2024: 2019: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1984: 1983:fallen angels 1980: 1972: 1968: 1965:אַשְמְדּאָי ( 1964: 1959: 1954: 1946: 1944: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1925:Magic squares 1922: 1918: 1913: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1878: 1873: 1868: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1849: 1845: 1840: 1838: 1829: 1825: 1820: 1818: 1816: 1812: 1804: 1803: 1797: 1790: 1788: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1773: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1754: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1739: 1730: 1725: 1719: 1715: 1713: 1711: 1707: 1706: 1701: 1696: 1690: 1688: 1679: 1672: 1670: 1668: 1664: 1659: 1657: 1648: 1641: 1639: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1616:hallucination 1612: 1610: 1609: 1604: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1578: 1576: 1573: 1572: 1564: 1562: 1551: 1550: 1542: 1540: 1529: 1528: 1520: 1518: 1507: 1506: 1498: 1496: 1485: 1484: 1476: 1474: 1463: 1462: 1454: 1452: 1441: 1440: 1432: 1430: 1419: 1418: 1414: 1411: 1410: 1405: 1403: 1398: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1379: 1377: 1375: 1371: 1366: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1349: 1345: 1344: 1338: 1333: 1325: 1320: 1318: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1279: 1277: 1276: 1270: 1268: 1264: 1263:Mediha Esenel 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1223: 1221: 1217: 1216: 1211: 1207: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1176: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1129: 1122: 1120: 1118: 1117: 1103: 1092: 1088: 1086: 1085: 1080: 1078: 1072: 1071: 1065: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1042: 1040: 1036: 1035: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1011:Jurisprudence 1010: 1008: 1006: 1002: 997: 995: 994: 989: 985: 981: 979: 975: 971: 967: 963: 959: 955: 951: 947: 943: 939: 935: 927: 923: 919: 915: 912: 904: 900: 896: 895: 890: 889: 888: 886: 882: 872: 863: 856: 854: 852: 848: 844: 840: 836: 830: 828: 824: 819: 818:Surah al-jinn 815: 813: 809: 805: 801: 797: 793: 790:derives from 789: 785: 780: 778: 774: 770: 766: 765:Meccan surahs 762: 754: 750: 749: 744: 740: 735: 730: 722: 717: 715: 713: 709: 704: 702: 697: 695: 691: 683: 681: 677: 675: 671: 667: 663: 659: 655: 651: 647: 643: 639: 635: 630: 626: 624: 620: 616: 612: 608: 604: 600: 596: 588: 586: 584: 580: 572: 567: 560: 558: 556: 552: 548: 544: 540: 536: 532: 527: 525: 521: 520:ontologically 517: 513: 509: 508: 503: 499: 497: 491: 487: 482: 480: 477:mythology of 476: 472: 469: 465: 460: 458: 454: 446: 442: 439: 435: 431: 427: 423: 419: 415: 414: 410: 406: 402: 397: 389: 379: 375: 371: 368:, 'embryo'). 361: 359: 347: 345: 344: 331: 329: 323: 319: 311: 302: 298: 295:is an Arabic 294: 287: 286:Dur Sharrukin 283: 279: 275: 271: 266: 259: 257: 255: 251: 245: 243: 239: 235: 231: 227: 222: 216: 210: 205: 200: 198: 194: 190: 186: 182: 181: 176: 172: 168: 165:and later in 164: 160: 156: 152: 148: 144: 133: 129: 121: 118: 114: 111: 107: 104: 100: 97: 94: 90: 86: 83: 79: 75: 67: 62: 56: 52: 48: 44: 40: 33: 19: 9067:Supernatural 8996: 8980: 8972: 8966: 8960: 8925: 8915: 8903: 8893: 8867:In Paradise 8857: 8847: 8837: 8827: 8821: 8811: 8795: 8792:(Plant stem) 8789: 8783: 8777: 8771: 8766:Plant matter 8753: 8747: 8739: 8733: 8727: 8721: 8630: 8601: 8597: 8565: 8529:Umm al-Kitāb 8527: 8514: 8501:Ṣuḥuf-i-Mūsā 8499: 8486: 8478: 8469: 8456: 8413: 8409:Ghadir Khumm 8393:('The Dawn') 8387: 8381: 8368: 8362: 8353: 8344: 8338: 8335:('The Noon') 8329: 8318: 8312: 8304: 8298: 8292: 8286: 8278: 8272: 8266: 8260: 8254: 8244: 8223: 8214: 8164:Days of Hajj 8152: 8149:(The Friday) 8143: 8095: 8053: 8040: 8008:Paradise of 7995:Jordan River 7990:Dār an-Nadwa 7989: 7971: 7933: 7928:Cave of Hira 7920: 7915: 7905: 7852:Masjid Qubāʾ 7851: 7833: 7823: 7815: 7801: 7789: 7781: 7755:Qaryat Yūnus 7754: 7744: 7734: 7694: 7684: 7670: 7661:Sinai Region 7643:Dam of Sheba 7638: 7626: 7611: 7601: 7592: 7577: 7559: 7537: 7525: 7517: 7487: 7482: 7472: 7455: 7442: 7429: 7347: 7325: 7316:Ahl al-Kitāb 7315: 7293: 7289:Zoroastrians 7285: 7280:disbelievers 7273: 7266: 7224:Banu Qurayza 7219:Banu Qaynuqa 7208:Ahl as-Suffa 7207: 7121: 7104: 7076: 7045: 7028: 7013:Sons of Adam 6968: 6944: 6936: 6927: 6901: 6895:Banī Isrāʾīl 6893: 6886: 6851: 6814: 6797: 6782: 6769: 6714:Luqman's son 6561: 6525: 6518: 6508: 6412:Luqman's son 6383:Martyred son 6275:Dhūl-Qarnain 6225: 6215: 6179:Perseverance 6171: 6149:ibn Ya‘qūb ( 6139:Ṣāḥib al-Ḥūt 6138: 6127:('He of the 6124: 6037:Dhabih Ullah 5893: 5888: 5882: 5863: 5851: 5833: 5821: 5813: 5806: 5799: 5789: 5788: 5767:Malakul-Mawt 5765: 5740: 5734: 5726: 5711: 5682: 5663: 5640: 5619: 5607: 5597: 5587: 5577: 5558: 5549: 5540: 5530: 5526:) of Solomon 5517: 5506: 5494: 5485: 5476: 5445: 5354: 5337: 5333: 5314: 5304: 5290: 5281: 5272: 5263: 5243: 5233: 5213: 5178:Farrokh-nāma 5177: 5154: 5145: 5142:Thompson, S. 5119: 5116:Thompson, S. 5093: 5084: 5060: 5041: 5017: 5007: 4998: 4994: 4971: 4937: 4910: 4901: 4881: 4857: 4834: 4825: 4816: 4812: 4803: 4780: 4771: 4768:Thompson, S. 4729: 4725: 4715: 4703: 4678: 4674: 4664: 4651: 4642: 4625: 4621: 4611: 4599: 4573: 4551: 4542: 4534: 4501: 4485: 4480: 4464: 4459: 4448: 4438: 4431:El-Zein 2009 4426: 4419:El-Zein 2009 4414: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4393: 4345: 4336: 4330: 4311: 4307: 4272: 4262: 4209: 4205: 4199: 4166: 4162: 4141: 4122: 4116: 4104:. 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Oxford: 3426:1 December 3134:, I, p. 68 3098:Sinai 2023 2877:. Polity. 2584:Wehr, Hans 2344:Hadhramaut 2169:References 2141:Idris Elba 1770:god of war 1663:apotropaic 1642:Visual art 1451:Bangladesh 1385:world and 1348:Omani lore 1299:depression 1243:jinn kāfir 1239:kāfir jinn 1231:jinn Islam 1153:Belarusian 1056:cites two 1017:divine law 956:) of the " 727:See also: 486:anglicized 422:syncretism 151:anglicized 8930:Date palm 8920:Palm tree 8908:Lote-tree 8884:or plants 8828:Qith-thāʾ 8756:(The Sun) 8754:Ash-Shams 8715:Celestial 8608:False god 8544:or beings 8542:of people 8524:of David) 8466:of Jesus) 8299:Al-Bukrah 8062:in Sheba) 7840:of Mecca) 7797:Monastery 7775:locations 7773:Religious 7730:Al-Jūdiyy 7423:Mentioned 7417:Locations 7330:Christian 7310:Believers 7295:Munāfiqūn 7258:Religious 7196:mentioned 7109:Stoneland 6985:Muhajirun 6763:Mentioned 6665:Abū Lahab 6660:As-Sāmirī 6650:(Goliath) 6616:Evil ones 6530:Zulaykhah 6486:People of 6373:Good ones 6173:Ulul-ʿAzm 6161:Zechariah 6157:Zakariyyā 5977:Dhūl-Kifl 5930:Mentioned 5776:(Michael) 5665:Zabāniyah 5642:Malāʾikah 5614:Honey bee 5186:cite book 5163:cite book 5128:cite book 5102:cite book 5069:cite book 5027:cite book 4980:cite book 4957:cite book 4919:cite book 4866:cite book 4843:cite book 4789:cite book 4764:Aarne, A. 4746:1573-6679 4695:1942-1273 4634:0393-6805 4226:0165-005X 4003:839396781 3964:1548-7458 3895:214474411 3837:. BRILL. 3797:Tekin, L. 3621:4 October 3569:pp. 29-33 2783:27 August 2573:. p. 462. 2536:Fee, C.R. 2391:Citations 2321:ORIGINAL: 2224:gahiliyya 2214:ORIGINAL: 2207:jahilliya 1996:firmament 1910:Murad III 1902:al-Shāmil 1872:Al-Ṭabasī 1753:, etc.). 1598:Cambridge 1517:Indonesia 1404:in 2012: 1303:dha'iyfah 1287:dha'iyfah 1058:Hanbalite 974:Māturīdīs 847:epistemic 748:bismillah 741:entitled 666:scorpions 282:Sargon II 234:scorpions 215:romanized 191:beliefs. 159:invisible 143:romanized 85:Shahnameh 8918:(Tender 8898:Tamarisk 8832:Cucumber 8750:(Stars) 8728:Al-Qamar 8693:Al-ʿUzzā 8540:Objects 8354:Qabl al- 8305:Aṣ-Ṣabāḥ 8168:Doomsday 8096:al-Aḥzāb 7786:(Church) 7519:Al-Aḥqāf 7457:Jahannam 7450:Paradise 7057:Bedouins 6852:Qawm Lūṭ 6694:Abu Bakr 6524:Wife of 6513:Potiphar 6496:Binyāmin 6216:Al-Masīḥ 6188:Muḥammad 6125:Dhūn-Nūn 6069:Sulaymān 6007:(Elijah) 5919:Prophets 5835:Shayāṭīn 5793:(Genies) 5621:Qaswarah 5602:Wild ass 5580:(Female 5578:ʿAnkabūt 5501:elephant 5118:(1955). 4946:Archived 4935:(1968). 4770:(1973). 4496:page 376 4408:: 27–28. 4242:28563727 4234:23884906 4191:22226921 4183:24084761 4106:15 April 4100:Archived 3799:(1983). 3759:page 243 3728:25802775 3492:page 402 3301:page 170 3120:51:56-56 2996:43391301 2687:"genie, 2586:(1994). 2413:35600707 2331:mukallaf 2081:See also 2075:Buddhism 2069:As with 2008:Berakhot 1937:al-Bakhi 1877:muḥadīth 1628:epilepsy 1539:Thailand 1412:Country 1307:exorcism 1295:ضَعِيفَة 1267:Anatolia 1235:shayatin 1169:folklore 1137:Albanian 1123:Folklore 1105:— 1094:— 1081:by some 1062:mukallāf 1034:mukallāf 950:ibn Hazm 948:scholar 944:and the 940:scholar 899:thaqalān 894:abu Jann 857:Exegesis 837:, Quran 773:Muhammad 769:51:56-56 701:al-Aʿshā 662:chthonic 658:reptiles 629:Al-Jahiz 430:Augustus 426:Tiberius 335:مَجْنُون 322:Cognates 254:idolatry 242:exorcism 209:أَجْسَام 141:), also 102:Folklore 92:Grouping 74:Faramarz 8983:(Drink) 8969:(River) 8954:Liquids 8786:(Shoot) 8774:(Onion) 8734:Kawākib 8722:Maṣābīḥ 8667:Yaghūth 8403:Implied 8363:Al-Aṣīl 8313:Al-Layl 8197:Ramaḍān 8146:Jumuʿah 8010:Shaddad 7902:Arabia 7896:Antakya 7891:Antioch 7884:Implied 7828:Al-Aqsa 7763:Nineveh 7749:Babylon 7594:Ḥaraman 7564:(Hegra) 7561:Al-Ḥijr 7551:ʿArafāt 7545:Yathrib 7540:Madīnah 7370:Sabians 7306:Muslims 7275:Kāfirūn 7243:Khazraj 7094:Quraysh 6865:Tribes, 6787:Sabbath 6731:Shaddad 6704:Barṣīṣā 6637:Pharaoh 6633:Firʿawn 6330:Ṣamūʾīl 6317:Implied 6248:Abraham 6220:Messiah 6073:Solomon 6059:Shuʿayb 6031:Ishmael 6027:Ismāʿīl 5991:(Eber?) 5985:(Aaron) 5947:Al-Yasa 5884:Ghilmān 5760:Raphael 5756:Isrāfīl 5519:hud-hud 5469:Related 5462:Animals 4756:Sources 4475:page 31 4086:"Genie" 3863:Haunted 3611:"Genii" 3511:300-301 2333:seien." 2282:ʿabḳarī 2060:Palmyra 2035:of the 2027:Mastema 2012:Scolion 1967:Ašmodai 1898:al-Razi 1894:Ghazālī 1857:Jamshid 1853:Solomon 1743:ʿafārīt 1735:In the 1716:In the 1622:(OCD), 1429:Morocco 1259:Senegal 1247:shamans 1215:fairies 1193:Parvati 1181:deities 1145:Turkish 1070:Ḥadīths 1021:sharīʿa 966:Ash'ari 938:Hanbalī 881:Quranic 821:in the 777:prophet 743:Al-Jinn 670:lizards 642:animals 615:Baalbek 611:Palmyra 468:Avestic 464:Persian 441:ginnaya 438:Aramaic 407:to the 393:جِنِّيّ 272:in the 238:lizards 217:: 175:Muslims 171:beliefs 139:‎ 32:Shaitan 8981:Sharāb 8941:Zaqqūm 8858:Zaytūn 8838:Rummān 8824:(Herb) 8816:Lentil 8805:Fruits 8798:(Seed) 8740:Al-Arḍ 8717:bodies 8688:Al-Lāt 8603:Ṭāghūt 8594:'Ansāb 8522:Psalms 8489:Tawrāt 8472:Qurʾān 8464:Gospel 8356:Ghurūb 8321:ʿIshāʾ 8280:Tasbīḥ 8274:Takbīr 8268:Taḥmīd 8060:Ma'rib 7980:Canaan 7967:'Ariha 7965:& 7806:Mosque 7802:Masjid 7791:Miḥrāb 7602:Kaʿbah 7596:Āminan 7588:Bakkah 7578:Makkah 7573:Ḥunayn 7505:In the 7477:Midian 7473:Madyan 7445:Jannah 7326:Naṣārā 7260:groups 7203:Amalek 7099:Thamūd 6887:Ar-Rūm 6847:Medina 6753:Groups 6723:Nimrod 6689:Abraha 6603:Sister 6598:Mother 6538:Mother 6500:Simeon 6488:Joseph 6469:Vizier 6459:Mother 6334:Samuel 6324:Irmiyā 6303:Gideon 6285:Maryam 6280:Luqmān 6197:Other 6151:Joseph 6100:Yaʿqūb 6011:ʿImrān 5951:Elisha 5889:Wildān 5876:Others 5840:Demons 5808:ʿIfrīt 5774:Mīkāil 5743:('The 5728:Ar-Rūḥ 5721:Jibrīl 5647:Angels 5582:spider 5542:namlah 5524:hoopoe 5478:baqara 5430:('The 5321: 5251: 5221: 5048: 4889: 4744: 4693: 4632: 4622:Henoch 4591: 4580: 4492: 4471: 4240: 4232: 4224: 4189: 4181: 4129: 4064: 4027: 4001: 3991: 3962: 3893: 3883: 3841: 3807:]. 3779: 3755: 3733:10 May 3726: 3696: 3674:p. 134 3670: 3565: 3529: 3488: 3417: 3342: 3318: 3297: 3206: 3118:Quran 2994: 2923: 2881: 2853: 2750: 2733:p. 192 2729: 2596: 2546: 2491: 2437: 2411: 2376:little 2238:Arabic 2120:Qareen 2115:Nasnas 2095:Daemon 2071:asuras 2049:Dybbuk 2045:shedim 2037:Tanakh 2032:Shedim 2004:Talmud 1933:lilith 1900:, the 1882:ḥadīth 1768:, the 1747:lilith 1626:, and 1558: 1536: 1514: 1492: 1473:Turkey 1470: 1448: 1426: 1315:wolves 1291:Arabic 1212:) and 1206:demons 1201:Asuras 1171:) and 1141:Xhindi 1116:makruh 1077:mawḍūʻ 1054:Shibli 970:Atharī 968:. 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