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and thus to exercise those potent teeth with which nature has furnished him ; his stomach, too, is. designed to digest the hard and tough integument of animal substance; hence, barleymeal, as a principal portion of his subsistence, is by no means to be desired. In small private families it is not always possible to obtain a sufficiency of meat and bones for the sustenance of a dog, and recourse is too frequently had to a coarse and filthy aliment, which is highly objectionable, especially if the creature be debarred from taking daily exercise, fettered by a chain, and restricted, by situation, from obtaining access to grass ; and no one who has not watched the habits of our faithful allies (as we have done), can be aware of the absolute necessity which exists for his obtaining a constant supply of it. If no other good effect resulted from it than the sleekness of his coat and clearness of his skin, these benefits ought to the procured for him; but when his health and comfort are to be also ensured, who, that has a grain of benevolence in his disposition, would hesitate to perform so simple and gratifying an act of duty? Dog-biscuit is a hard and well-baked mass of coarse, yet clean and wholesome flour, of an inferior kind to that known as sailors' biscuit; and this latter substance, indeed, would be the best substitute for the former with which we are acquainted. A bag of dog-biscuit of five shillings' value, will be an ample supply for a yard-dog during the year: it should be soaked in water, or " pot liquor," for an hour or two ; and if no meat be at hand, a little dripping or lard may be added to it while softening, which will make a relishing meal at a trifling cost. We have for many years known the utility of the plan thus advocated, and we earnestly recommend all who value the safety of the community and their own (to say nothing of the happiness of the canine race), to make trial of the rational and feasible plan which we have detailed." (1841)
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by them, and are commonly known in the trade, as " Spratt's
Fibrine Biscuits," or " Spratt's Dog Biscuits," or " Spratt's Dog Cakes," or " Spratt's Meat Biscuits," or " Spratt's Patent Biscuits," or " Patent Dog Biscuits," all which, as the plaintiffs asserted, indicated biscuits of their manufacture and no other. These biscuits are made in a square form, and each is stamped with the words " Spratt's Patent" and with a + in the centre. It was alleged that " the biscuits have been found most valuable as food for dogs, and have acquired a great reputation." They are in large demand, and the plaintiffs make considerable profits from the sale thereof, which profits would be considerably larger but that, as they alleged, fraudulent imitations are frequently palmed off upon the public as the biscuits of the plaintiffs, and then it was charged that the defendant had, in fraud of the plaintiffs and of the public, " been selling to the public, as genuine dog biscuits of the plaintiffs' manufacture, biscuits which are not of the plaintiffs' manufacture, but are a fraudulent imitation thereof as to shape and appearance, and which do not contain the ingredients of the plaintiffs' biscuits." Then several instances were stated in which persons who sent to the shop of the defendant to ask for Spratt's dog biscuits received other biscuits similar, as was alleged, to the plaintiffs' in size, appearance, and weight, the only difference being that, in lieu of the words " Spratt's Patent " and the cross, the biscuits sold were stamped with a hexagon and the words " American meat."
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when he saw a group of dogs eating discarded hardtack, the cheap, tough biscuits carried on ships and known to sailors as "molar breakers." The first major chunk of today's pet industry was born. In 1860, still in
England, Spratt unveiled Spratt's Patent Meat Fibrine Dog Cakes, a combination of wheat, beetroot, vegetables, and beef blood. Before long, he had competitors with names like Dr. A. C. Daniels' Medicated Dog Bread and F. H. Bennett's Malatoid Dog Biscuits. The products embraced the dubious science and the lightly regulated hucksterism of their era. (2009)
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principalmente de
Covarrubias, Saavedra, Quevedo, Gracian, Solis, y del Diccionario de la Academia Real Española; y los nombres de los reynos, provincias, comà reas, coidà des, villas y rios del mundo; los nombrs proprios de hombres y mugeres, y los de las naciones; las explicaciones de los libros de la sagrada escritura; muchos refranes y otras cosas muy curiosas de la historias antiguas por Francisco Sobrino
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More than 70 years ago, in a little shop in London an electrician named James Spratt conducted experiments which led to the production of Spratt's Patent—a scientifically blended dog food. It was the first attempt to lift the dog out of the class of scavenger which he had occupied from caveman times.
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The case for the plaintiffs was that for many years they and their predecessor, James Spratt, had manufactured and sold, under patents of 1868 and 1881, meat biscuits for feeding dogs, the full name or description of which is " Spratt's Patent Meat
Fibrine Dog Cakes," but which are often designated
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By most accounts, the history of the industry begins with a man named James Spratt. An electrician from
Cincinnati, Spratt had patented a new type of lightning conductor in 1850. Later in the decade, he traveled to England to sell it. According to industry lore, he had a quayside epiphany in London
353:
Diccionario nuevo de las lenguas española y francesa: el mas amplio y el mejor que ha salido à luz hasta aora, en que se contiene la explicacion del español en francès, y del francès en español; en dos partes; con las phráses y modos de hablar particuláres, facadas de diferentes autores españoles,
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Mr. Horton Smith, Q.C., in opening the case for the plaintiffs, said that, suspecting that their biscuits were being pirated by the defendant, they adopted the usual course of sending persons to his shop to ask for Spratt's dog biscuits, and in every instance Benton's
American meat biscuits, which
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In the south of
England it is much the fashion to give sporting-dogs a food called dog-biscuit instead of barley-meal, and the consequences resulting from this simple aliment are most gratifying. Barley-meal, indeed, is an unnatural food, unless it be varied with bones, for a dog delights to gnaw,
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The
English dog biscuit appears to be a nineteenth-century innovation: "With this may be joined farinaceous and vegetable articles — oat-meal, fine-pollard, dog-biscuit, potatoes, carrots, parsnips" (1827); "being in the neighbourhood of Maidenhead, I inspected Mr. Smith's dog-biscuit manufactory,
237:
At one point after this, as an industrial product, dog biscuits were classified in the same category as soap: "Of the making of dog biscuits, which the census places in the same category with soap, as using animal refuse from which soap grease has been extracted, it is unnecessary to say much."
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On
Wednesday last, in the Quean's Bench Division of the High Court, before Lord Coleridge and a special jury. Spratt's Patent Company claimed an injunction against a Mr. Warnett, a general dealer at St. Albans, who, they alleged, was selling as theirs certain meat biscuits for dogs not of their
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In France, Charles
Estienne wrote in 1598: "Take no notice of bran bread,... it is better to leave it for the hunting, or shepherd, or watch dogs." By the nineteenth century, "pain de chien" had become a way of referring to very bad bread: "It is awful, general, they give us dog's bread!"
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The market was untouched, and in those early days, Spratt's Patent secured a bull-dog grip on it that it has never relinquished, despite the fact that in the past seventy years many competitors have tried to wrest the leadership from them. (1920)
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Spratt dominated the American market until 1907, when F. H. Bennett, whose own dog biscuits were faring poorly against those of the larger company, had the idea of making them in the shape of a bone. "His 'Maltoid
143:. It is used here in the sense of giving someone blows; to "give dog's bread" to someone could mean anything from mistreating them to killing them. The latter meaning refers to a special bread (also called
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for "SLATER'S MEAT BISCUIT FOR DOGS - Contains vegetable substances and about 25 per cent of Prepared Meat. It gives Dogs endurance, and without any other food will keep them in fine working condition."
261:' were such a success that for the next fifteen years Bennett's Milk-Bone dominated the commercial dog food market in America." In 1931, the National Biscuit Company, now known as
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The world's largest dog biscuit weighs 279.87 kg and was baked to be 2,000 times larger than average by Hampshire Pet Products from Joplin, Missouri, US.
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Dog biscuits tend to be hard and dry, often sold in a flat bone-shape. The dry and hard biscuit texture helps clean the dog's teeth, promoting oral health.
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In at least one case (in 1886) Spratt sued a seller accused of substituting another product - an early example of a company fighting "knock-offs":
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The collected works of Sir Humphry Davy ...: Discourses delivered before the Royal society. Elements of agricultural chemistry, pt. I
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and was surprised to find he has been for a long period manufacturing the enormous quantity of five tons a-week !" (1828)
128:, has been mentioned since at least Roman times. It was already criticized (as in later centuries) as particularly bad bread;
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Sobrino aumentado o nuevo diccionario de las lenguas española, francesa y latina: con un diccionario abreviado de geographia
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and was made from bran. This was very likely what was referred to in associating the bread with (non-fatal) mistreatment.
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In England, Spratt's Dog Biscuits not only obtained a patent but seems to have claimed to have invented the food:
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In later years, dog biscuits began to be made of meat products and were sometimes treated as synonymous with
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Spratt lost in this case and the judge regretted that he could not grant the defendant court costs.
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https://books.google.com/books?id=1DovN2YT7S4C&dq=%22dog+biscuit%22&pg=PA244
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were similar in shape, size, and general character, were delivered. (April 10, 1886)
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manufacture. They also asked for an account of profits, and damages and costs.
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Chow Hounds: Why Our Dogs Are Getting Fatter -A Vet's Plan to Save Their Lives
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refers to dog's bread as "filth" - "And bit into the filth of a dog's bread"
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One Nation Under Dog: Adventures in the New World of Prozac-Popping Puppies
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147:) made with ground glass, poison and needles and intended to kill dogs.
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In Spain, "pan de perro" is mentioned as early as 1623 in a play by
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Life and labour of the people in London.... 6 / by Charles Booth
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1876 advertisement for Spratt's Patent Meat Fibrine Dog Cakes
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Chemist and druggist: the newsweekly for pharmacy, Volume 28
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Nouveau dictionnaire de Sobrino, françois, espagnol et latin
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https://books.google.com/books?id=qiPOAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA299
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https://books.google.com/books?id=lQg9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PT227
61:
496:"Agriculturalist's Notebook - vXII", William Blackwood,
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Rome Au Siecle D'auguste: Ou, Voyage D'un Gaulois Anrome
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150:The bread meant as food for dogs was also called
600:. Health Communications, Incorporated. p.
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544:"5O,OOO D. B. P. H.(DOG BISCUITS PER HOUR)",
412:Sobrino, Francisco; Cormon, François (1789).
56:. Consider transferring direct quotations to
8:
371:Comedias burlescas del Siglo de Oro: Tomo V
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339:. Smith, Elder and Company. pp. 438–.
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196:1867 advertisement for Spratts dog food
289:Louis Charles Dezobry (October 2008).
446:Koch, Jean Baptiste Frédéric (1849).
7:
498:The Quarterly Journal of Agriculture
418:(in French). Piestre y Delamolliere.
357:(in French). Henrique-Alberto Gosse.
452:(in French). Paulin et Lechevalier.
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395:Cormon, François; Sobrino (1776).
25:
432:L' agriculture et maison rustique
401:(in French). Hermanos de Tournes.
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295:. BiblioBazaar. pp. 388–.
245:Dog waiting for Milk Bone treat
134:Et farris sordes mordere Canini
27:Nutritional supplement for dogs
515:Cassell's illustrated almanack
374:(in Spanish). Iberoamericana.
316:Titus Maccius Plautus (1719).
1:
177:Cassell's Illustrated Almanac
175:. In 1871, an ad appeared in
1302:List of longest-living dogs
350:Sobrino, Francisco (1760).
269:World's largest dog biscuit
1502:
1275:Origin of the domestic dog
1173:Breed-specific legislation
1014:Psychiatric assistance dog
628:Guinness World Record 2014
592:Ward, Ernie (2010-03-01).
429:Estienne, Charles (1598).
368:Arellano, Ignacio (2004).
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559:"Legal and Magisterial",
463:Skinner, John S. (1826).
333:Sir Humphry Davy (1760).
124:"Dog's bread", made from
47:overly lengthy quotations
54:summarize the quotations
1417:List of individual dogs
1412:Domesticated silver fox
1004:Mobility assistance dog
625:Glenday, Craig (2013).
481:A few lines from Nimrod
218:Spratt's Dog Biscuits.
1422:List of fictional dogs
736:Livestock guardian dog
265:, bought the company.
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1090:Search and rescue dog
485:The Sporting Magazine
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1145:Dog–cat relationship
992:Medical response dog
936:List of crossbreeds
699:African village dog
487:, v22 May 1828 p250
466:The American Farmer
449:MĂ©moires de Massena
109:, similar to human
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99:dietary supplement
87:
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1343:Rabies in animals
1270:Human–canine bond
848:Bull-type terrier
642:978-1-908843-15-9
546:Autocar Messenger
528:Michael Schaffer,
381:978-84-8489-076-8
302:978-0-559-37922-2
79:
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16:(Redirected from
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1083:usage by country
704:Free-ranging dog
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1353:Reproduction
1323:Conformation
1265:Fear of dogs
1215:Dog grooming
1208:2007 recalls
1202:
1193:Dog fighting
1140:Intelligence
1053:Fighting dog
1033:Carriage dog
956:Most popular
913:Turnspit dog
721:Hairless dog
627:
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581:. 1892–1903.
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141:Lope de Vega
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90:
88:
85:Dog biscuits
70:October 2022
67:
52:Please help
44:
18:Dog biscuits
1363:Vaccination
1260:Dog walking
1230:Dog licence
1203:dog biscuit
1188:Dog daycare
1178:Cynanthropy
1156:interaction
1009:Therapy dog
997:Seizure dog
987:Hearing dog
748:Hunting dog
726:Herding dog
631:. pp.
93:is a hard,
91:dog biscuit
1470:Categories
1255:Dog sports
1078:Police dog
1023:Attack dog
977:Autism dog
946:Crossbreed
829:Sighthound
807:Scenthound
714:Street dog
277:References
259:Milk-Bones
111:snack food
62:Wikisource
1481:Pet foods
1250:Dog theft
1154:Human–dog
1073:Mercy dog
1058:Guard dog
1038:Catch dog
982:Guide dog
858:Schnauzer
817:Coonhound
795:Water dog
780:Retriever
741:Sheep dog
563:, Vol 28
105:or other
58:Wikiquote
45:contains
1486:Biscuits
1445:Category
1373:Training
1333:Dog food
1328:Diseases
1313:Breeding
1245:Dog show
1240:Dog park
1235:Dog meat
1198:Dog food
1183:Dog bite
1110:Behavior
1095:Sled dog
1068:Meat dog
853:Pinscher
822:Foxhound
173:dog food
97:-based,
1405:Related
1381:Clicker
1308:Anatomy
1280:Therapy
1168:Baiting
1133:Howling
1123:Barking
1100:War dog
1063:Lap dog
1028:Bay dog
901:Toy dog
872:Bulldog
867:Mastiff
843:Terrier
834:Longdog
790:Spaniel
775:Pointer
770:Gun dog
763:Lurcher
709:Pye-dog
518:. 1871.
263:Nabisco
152:parruna
145:zarazas
130:Juvenal
120:History
107:canines
95:biscuit
1455:Portal
1290:Health
923:Breeds
906:Bichon
812:Basset
785:Setter
731:Collie
639:
608:
378:
299:
1298:Aging
965:Roles
894:Tugou
889:Laika
884:Husky
879:Spitz
802:Hound
758:Feist
691:Types
1338:Odor
1318:Coat
683:Dogs
637:ISBN
606:ISBN
376:ISBN
297:ISBN
126:bran
103:dogs
101:for
753:Cur
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