Donnchadh, Earl of Carrick - Knowledge (XXG)

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Skelbrooke called Donnchadh's father Gille-Brighde "my lord", indicating that Donnchadh probably inherited them in his territory. Neither of them left traceable offspring in the region, and even if they did represent for Carrick what could have been the embryonic stages of the kind of Normanisation that was taking place further east, the process was halted during Donnchadh's period as ruler. Vaudey Abbey transferred the land granted to it by Donnchadh to Melrose Abbey in 1223, because it was "useless and dangerous to them, both on account of the absence of law and order, and by reason of the insidious attacks of a barbarous people".

1641:, "head of the kindred", a position which brought the right to lead the men of Carrick in war. The charter also conferred possession of the office of baillie of Carrick under whoever was earl. Precedent had been established here by other native families of Scotland, something similar having already taken place in Fife; it was a way of ensuring that the kin-group retained strong locally based male leadership even when the newly imposed common law of Scotland forced the comital title to pass into the hands of another family. By 1372 the office had passed—probably by marriage—to the 1162: 710: 756: 40: 1555:. The traditional view, going back to the 19th century, is that Niall was Donnchadh's son. This view has been undermined with more recent research by genealogist Andrew MacEwen, who has argued that Niall was not the son of Donnchadh, but rather his grandson, a view embraced by leading Scottish medievalist Professor G.W.S. Barrow. According to this argument, Donnchadh's son and intended heir was 854:, killed Gille-Patraic and a substantial number of his warriors. Another battle took place on 30 September, and although Lochlann's forces were probably victorious, killing opponent leader Gille-Coluim, the encounter led to the death of Lochlann's unnamed brother. Lochlann's activities provoked a response from King Henry who, according to historian Richard Oram, "was not prepared to accept a 378:. He served as an emissary in the region in 1174 on behalf of the English monarch, and thus his account of, for example, the approach of Donnchadh's father Gille-Brighde towards the English king comes from a witness. Historians rely on Roger's writings for a number of important details about Donnchadh's life: that Gille-Brighde handed Donnchadh over as a hostage to 842:

response of Gille-Brighde's protector Henry II. There were raids on William's territory until Gille-Brighde's death in 1185. The death of Gille-Brighde prompted Donnchadh's cousin Lochlann, supported by the Scottish king, to attempt a takeover, thus threatening Donnchadh's inheritance. At that time Donnchadh was still a hostage in the care of Hugh de Morwic.

721:, son of Fergus, king of the Gall-Gaidhil. Donnchadh's ancestry cannot be traced further; no patronymic is known for Fergus from contemporary sources, and when Fergus' successors enumerate their ancestors in documents, they never go earlier than he does. The name Gille-Brighde, used by Donnchadh's father (Fergus' son), was also the name of the father of 1213:

a house of Cluniac monks from Paisley should indeed be founded there, that the house should be exempt from the jurisdiction of Paisley save recognition of the common Cluniac Order, but that the Abbot of Paisley could visit the house annually. After the foundation, Paisley was to hand over its Carrick properties to the newly established monastery.

818:(Malcolm IV), king of the Scots, forced Fergus into retirement and brought Galloway under his overlordship. It is likely that from 1161 until 1174, Fergus' sons Gille-Brighde and Uhtred shared the lordship of the Gall-Gaidhil under the Scottish king's authority, with Gille-Brighde in the west and Uhtred in the east. When in 1174 the Scottish king 1305:, the royal castle which had been planted in Strathnith by the Scottish king, probably overrun by the Gall-Gaidhil in the revolt of 1174 before being restored afterwards. Evidence that he possessed land in the region under Donnchadh's overlordship comes from the opening years of the 13th century when he made a grant of land around 1257:) Avelina, daughter of Alan fitz Walter, lord of Renfrew, before William king of Scotland returned from England to his own land. And hence that king was exceeding wroth; and he took from Alan fitz Walter twenty-four pledges that he would preserve the peace with his and with his land, and take the law about his law. 1495:, found that this was not true and ordered the Justiciar to restore Donnchadh and his nephew to their lands. By 1224, Donnchadh had still not regained these lands and de Lacy's adherents were gaining more ground in the region. King Henry III repeated his earlier but ineffective instructions: he ordered 798:) in Galloway in 1174. This Máel Coluim captured Uhtred, who subsequently, in addition to being blinded and castrated, had his tongue cut out. Nothing more is known of Máel Coluim's life; there is speculation by some modern historians that he was illegitimate. Another brother appears in the records of 1212:

It is clear from several sources that Donnchadh made these grants on the condition that the Abbey of Paisley established a Cluniac house in Carrick, but that the Abbey did not fulfil this condition, arguing that it was not obliged to do so. The Bishop of Glasgow intervened in 1244 and determined that

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in a grant to Melrose Abbey witnessed by Richard de Morville (Melrose 32), who died in 1196. If the wording in this charter is accurate, then Donnchadh was using the title before Richard's death: that is, in or before 1196. Furthermore, while Anderson dated Melrose 192 with reference to Abbot William

672:

By the middle of the 12th century, the former territory of the kingdom of the Rhinns was part of Galloway kingdom, but the area to the north was not. Strathgryfe, Kyle and Cunningham had come under the control of the Scottish king in the early 12th century, much of it given over to soldiers of French

1228:

to issue two bulls, dated 11 June 1265 and 6 February 1266, appointing mandatories to settle the dispute; the results of their deliberations are unknown. Crossraguel was not finally founded until about two decades after Donnchadh's death, probably by 1270; its first abbot, Abbot Patrick, is attested

1383:

Fought a battle with the petty-kings of Ireland, of whom he put some to flight, slew others, and subjugated their territories; of which he gave no small part to Donnchadh, son of Gille-Brighde, the son of Fergus, who, at the time that the said John was about to engage with the Irish, came to assist

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provided him with hostages as a guarantee of his safety; when he agreed to travel to Carlisle with the king's ambassadors. Hoveden wrote that Lochlann was allowed to keep the land that his father Uhtred had held "on the day he was alive and dead", but that the land of Gille-Brighde that was claimed

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According to Hoveden, in May 1186 Henry ordered the king and magnates of Scotland to subdue Lochlann; in response, Lochlann "collected numerous horse and foot and obstructed the entrances to Galloway and its roads to what extent he could". Richard Oram did not believe that the Scots really intended

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wife fled to Scotland with William and Reinald her sons, and her private retinue, in the company of Hugh de Lacy, and when the king was at Carrickfergus Castle, a certain friend and cousin of his of Galloway, namely Donnchadh of Carrick, reported to the king that he had taken her and her daughter

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in 1177 with the aim of conquest. After defeating the region's king Ruaidhrí Mac Duinn Shléibhe, de Courcy was able to take control of a large amount of territory, though not without encountering further resistance among the native Irish. Cumbria was only a short distance too from the lands of the

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until the 9th century, and afterward were transformed by a process very poorly documented, but probably carried out by numerous small bands of culturally Scandinavian but linguistically Gaelic warrior-settlers moving in from Ireland and southern Argyll. "Galloway" today only refers to the lands of

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relates that Donnchadh was granted Carrick on condition of peace with Lochlann, and emphasises the role of King William (as opposed to Henry) in resolving the conflict. Richard Oram has pointed out that Donnchadh's grant to Melrose Abbey between 1189 and 1198 was witnessed by his cousin Lochlann,

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is a credible witness to much earlier material, the claim is thought probable. Thus Donnchadh was likely the great-grandfather of Cailean Mór, a lineage that explains the popularity of the names Donnchadh (Duncan) and Cailean (Colin) among later Campbells, as well as their close alliance to King

1632:

Under the Bruces and their successors to the Scottish throne, the title Earl of Carrick became a prestigious honorific title usually given to a son of the king or intended heir; at some time between 1250 and 1256 Earl Niall, anticipating that the earldom would be taken over by a man from another

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The marriage bound Donnchadh closer to the Anglo-French circles of the northern part of the region south of the Forth, while from Alan's point of view it was part of a series of moves to expand his territory further into former Gall-Gaidhil lands, moves that had included an alliance a few years

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The activities of Donnchadh's father Gille-Brighde after 1176 are unclear, but some time before 1184 King William raised an army to punish Gille-Brighde "and the other Galwegians who had wasted his land and slain his vassals"; he held off the endeavour, probably because he was worried about the

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It is not known how these two men acquired the patronage of Donnchadh or his family. Writing in 1980, Barrow could find no cause for their presence in the area, and declared that they were "for the present impossible to account for". As Richard Oram pointed out, in one of his charters Roger de

1079:

Donnchadh, son of Gille-Brighde, of Galloway, gave to God and St Mary and the monks of Melrose a certain part of their land in Carrick that is called Maybole, in perpetual alms, for the salvation of his soul, and the souls of all his relatives; in presence of bishop Jocelin, and many other

775:("cousin") of King Henry II of England, an assertion that has given rise to the theory that, since Gille-Brighde is never described as such, they must have been from different mothers. Fergus must therefore, according to the theory, have had two wives, one of whom was a bastard daughter of 1510:

Thanks him for the mandate which he directed by him to the Justiciar of Ireland, to restore his land there, of which he had been disseized on account of the English war; but as the land has not yet been restored, he asks the King to give by him a more effectual command to the

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evidence perhaps that relations between the two had become more cordial. Although no details are given any contemporary source, Donnchadh gained possession of some of his father's land in the west of the kingdom of Gall-Gaidhil, namely the "earldom" of Carrick.

322:-speaking area to the east. Principally, the relevant charters record his acts of patronage towards religious houses, but incidental details mentioned in the body of these texts and the witness lists subscribed to them are useful for other matters. 1378:

The earliest information on Donnchadh's and indeed Gall-Gaidhil involvement in Ulster comes from Roger of Hoveden's entry about the death of Jordan de Courcy, John's brother. It related that in 1197, after Jordan's death, John sought vengeance and

1586:, Bishop of Glasgow, which was confirmed by Alexander II in 1244. Two other sons, Ailean (Alan) and Alaxandair (Alexander), are attested subscribing to Donnchadh and Cailean's charters to North Berwick. A Melrose charter mentions that Ailean was 1741:

Duncan, "Roger of Howden", pp. 135–59, and Gillingham, "Travels", pp. 69–81, for Hoveden's importance; Ross, "Moray, Ulster, and the MacWilliams", pp. 24–44 for discussion of these two sources in reference to more northerly events of the same

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claimed that Donnchadh's patrimony was defended by chieftains called Somhairle ("Samuel"), Gille-Patraic, and Eanric Mac Cennetig ("Henry Mac Kennedy"). Lochlann and his army met these men in battle on 4 July 1185 and, according to the

521:) in the region, and administered it through the sheriffdom of Lanark. Gaelic too had penetrated much of the old Northumbrian and Strathclyde territory, coming from the west, south-west and the north, a situation that led historian 1415:

English records attest to Donnchadh's continued involvement in Ireland. One document, after describing how William de Briouze became the king's enemy in England and Ireland, records that after John arrived in Ireland in July 1210:

1527:. He says Hugh de Lacy disseized him and gave it to another. The King commands the Earl to inquire who has it, and its tenure; and if his right is insufficient, to give Donnchadh the land during the king's pleasure. At Bedford. 693:), but he was not part of the kingdom of Galloway. The rest of the region—the Rhinns, Farines, Carrick, Desnes Mór and Desnes Ioan, and the sparsely settled uplands of Glenken—was probably under the control of the sons of 1269:

Charter evidence reveals two Anglo-Normans present in Donnchadh's territory. Some of Donnchadh's charters to Melrose were subscribed by an Anglo-Norman knight named Roger de Skelbrooke, who appears to have been Lord of

3574:, nos. 13–14, pp. 13–15; MacQueen, "Kin of Kennedy", p. 284, illus; MacQueen, "Survival and Success", p. 72, illus; there is a possibility that he had two sons named Alaxandair , as appears in MacQueen's illustrations 1321:

both thought that Thomas' nickname "the Scot" (which then could mean "a Gael" as well as someone from north of the Forth), is a reflection of Thomas' exposure to the culture of the south-west during his career there.

1004:"), the "kin-captain" of Carrick, a position held by the mormaer; it was not until after Donnchadh's death that these two positions were separated. The best-recorded groups are Donnchadh's own group (known only as 858:

that disinherited the son of a useful vassal, flew in the face of the settlement which he had imposed ... and deprived him of influence over a vitally strategic zone on the north-west periphery of his realm".

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by Donnchadh, son of Gille-Brighde, would be settled in Henry's court, to which Lochlann would be summoned. Lochlann agreed to these terms. King William and Earl David swore an oath to enforce the agreement, with

1282:), grants confirmed by "his lord" Donnchadh. This knight gave Melrose fishing rights in the River Doon, rights confirmed by Donnchadh too and later by Roger's son-in-law and successor Ruaidhri mac Gille-Escoib ( 949:

III de Courcy (abbot of Melrose from 1215 to 1216), Oram identified Abbot William as Abbot William II (abbot from 1202 to 1206). Whenever Donnchadh adopted the title, he is the first known "earl" of the region.

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in the third quarter of the 12th century. As the original territory of the Gall-Gaidhil kingdom probably adjoined or included Argyll, Alex Woolf has suggested that Fergus and Somhairle were brothers or cousins.

3091:, "the little" or "younger" in several Melrose charters) recovered the family's position, and by the late 1210s held, along with the Galloway family, a dominant position in the councils of William's successor 825:

Having defeated his brother, Gille-Brighde unsuccessfully sought to become a direct vassal of Henry II, king of England. An agreement was obtained with Henry in 1176, Gille-Brighde promising to pay him 1000

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Descriptive Catalogue of Impressions from Ancient Scottish Seals ... Embracing a Period from A.D. 1094 to the Commonwealth; Taken from Original Charters and Other Deeds Preserved in Public and Private

1460:. King John had given or recognised Donnchadh's possession of this territory, and that of Donnchadh's nephew Alaxandair (Alexander), as a reward for his help; similarly, John had given Donnchadh's cousins 1130:

There are records of patronage towards the nunnery of North Berwick, a house founded by Donnchadh's probable maternal grandfather or great-grandfather Donnchadh I of Fife. He gave that house the

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was captured during an invasion of England, the brothers responded by rebelling against the Scottish monarch. Subsequently, they fought each other, with Donnchadh's father ultimately prevailing.

443:. Thus material from these works concerning the late 12th- and early 13th-century Gall-Gaidhil may represent, despite the apparent late date, reliable contemporary or near-contemporary accounts. 4975:

Stringer, Keith J. (1993), "Periphery and Core in Thirteenth-Century Scotland: Alan son of Roland, Lord of Galloway and Constable of Scotland", in Grant, Alexander; Stringer, Keith J. (eds.),

3845:

The Annals of Roger de Hoveden: Comprising the History of England and of Other Countries of Europe from A.D. 732 to A.D. 1201 / Translated from the Latin with Notes and Illustrations (2 vols)

1597:

Donnchadh's probable grandson, Niall, was earl for only six years and died leaving no son but four daughters, one of whom is known by name. The last, presumably the eldest, was his successor

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king Niall Ruadh Ó Neill, tying in with Donnchadh's Irish activities, accounting for the use of the name Niall, and explaining the strong alliance with the Ó Neill held by Niall's grandsons.

241:. He probably remained in England for almost a decade before returning north on the death of his father. Although denied succession to all the lands of Galloway, he was granted lordship over 1563:), who as his son and heir, issued a charter in Donnchadh's lifetime, but seemingly predeceased him. It was further suggested that Cailean's wife, Earl Niall's mother, was a daughter of the 1051:

Records exist for Donnchadh's religious patronage, and these records provide evidence for Donnchadh's associates as well as the earl himself. Around 1200 Earl Donnchadh allowed the monks of

1429:

recorded that William and Matilda had voyaged to the Isle of Man, en route from Ireland to Galloway, where they were captured. Matilda was imprisoned by the king, and died of starvation.

834:. The agreement seems to have included recognising Donnchadh's right to inherit Gille-Brighde's lands, for nine years later, in the aftermath of Gille-Brighde's death, when Uhtred's son 794:

It is unclear how many siblings Donnchadh had, but two at least are known. The first, Máel Coluim, led the forces that besieged Gille-Brighde's brother Uhtred on "Dee island" (probably

4799:

The Scots Peerage: Founded on Wood's Edition of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland, Containing an Historical and Genealogical Account of the Nobility of that Kingdom (9 volumes)

621:), but this is due to the territorial changes that took place in and around Donnchadh's lifetime rather than being the contemporary definition. For instance, a 12th-century piece of 1115:

also witnessed these grants, and sometime between 1208 and 1214 Donnchadh (as "Lord Donnchadh") subscribed (i.e. his name was written at the bottom, as a "witness" to) a charter of

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and new Justiciar of Ireland, to restore to Donnchadh "the remaining part of the land given to him by King John in Ireland, unless anyone held it by his father's own precept".

1107:, as well as probable members of Donnchadh's retinue, like Gille-Osald mac Gille-Anndrais, Gille-nan-Náemh mac Cholmain, Gille-Chríst Bretnach ("the Briton"), and Donnchadh's 1531:

It is unlikely that Donnchadh ever regained his territory; after Hugh was formally restored to the Earldom of Ulster in 1227, Donnchadh's land was probably controlled by the

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region far from the main centres of Scottish and Anglo-Norman influence lying to its east and south-east. Carrick was separated from Kyle in the north and north-east by the

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between 1214 and 1216, based on Donnchadh's appearance as a witness to two charters issued by Thomas de Colville; the first, known as Melrose 193 (this being its number in

366:, the latter a re-worked and supplemented version of the former. These works are the most important and valuable sources for Scottish history in the late 12th century. The 4400:

Duffy, Séan (2004), "The Lords of Galloway, Earls of Carrick, and the Bissets of the Glens: Scottish Settlement in Thirteenth-Century Ulster", in Edwards, David (ed.),

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to do this, as Lochlann was their dependent and probably acted with their consent; this, Oram argued, explains why Henry himself raised an army and marched north to

4121:(2007), "Becoming Scottish in the Thirteenth Century: The Evidence of the Chronicle of Melrose", in Smith, Beverley Ballin; Taylor, Simon; Williams, Gareth (eds.), 507:, were English in language and regarded themselves as English by ethnicity, despite having been under the control of the king of the Scots for at least a century. 3908:

The Acts of Malcolm IV: King of Scots, 1153–1165: Together with Scottish Royal Acts Prior to 1153 Not Included in Sir Archibald Lawrie's "Early Scottish Charters"

1650: 1238: 1408:, themselves fell foul of John; the king campaigned in Ireland against them in 1210, a campaign that forced de Briouze to return to Wales and de Lacy to flee to 5289: 5279: 3769:, Scotichronicon by Walter Bower: New Edition in Latin and English with Notes and Indexes (General Editor D.E.R. Watt), Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press, 1396:(Raghnall mac Gofraidh) and perhaps from Donnchadh, tried to regain his principality, but was initially unsuccessful. De Courcy's fortunes were boosted when 806:), gave evidence regarding a land dispute in Strathclyde; the document described him as the brother of the Earl of Carrick, who at that time was Donnchadh. 5115: 1019:

for the remainder of the Middle Ages. One documented aspect of Carrick and Galloway law was the power of sergeants (an original Gaelic word Latinised as

3788:

Registrum Episcopatus Glasguensis; Munimenta Ecclesie Metropolitane Glasguensis a Sede Restaurata Seculo Incunte Xii ad Reformatam Religionem (2 vols.)

4080: 3857:

Félire Óengusso Célí Dé: The Martyrology of Oengus the Culdee, Critically Edited from Ten Manuscripts, with a Preface, Translation, Notes, and Indices

748:; close ties seem to have existed between the two families, while Donnchadh's own name is further evidence. The historian who suggested this in 2000, 4441:

Church, Chronicle and Learning in Medieval Scotland: Essays Presented to Donald Watt on the Completion of the Publication of Bower's Scotichronicon

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Some Account of the Ancient Earldom of Carric: To Which are Prefixed Notices of the Earldom after it Came into the Families of De Bruce and Stewart

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Church, Chronicle and Learning in Medieval Scotland: Essays Presented to Donald Watt on the Completion of the Publication of Bower's Scotichronicon

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provide a little information about some of his activities, but overall their usefulness is limited; this is because no charter-collections (called

3087:, p. 132; Alan, who died four years later, fell into disgrace with King William and disappeared from royal circles, but his son Walter (nicknamed 682: 467:), which under its partially Normanised kings exercised direct or indirect control over most of the region to the south as far as the borders of 3824:

Registrum Monasterii de Passelet: Cartas Privilegia Conventiones Aliaque Munimenta Complectens a Domo Fundata A.D. MCLXIII usque ad A.D. MDXXIX

1405: 937:'s printed version of the cartulary), was dated by Anderson to 1214. In this charter, Donnchadh has no title. By contrast Donnchadh was styled 560:

or Gallovidians in modern English. References in the 11th century to the kingdom of the Gall-Gaidhil centre it far to the north of what is now

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Stringer, Keith J. (2000), "Acts of Lordship: The Records of the Lords of Galloway to 1234", in Brotherstone, Terry; Ditchburn, David (eds.),

5284: 5166: 5084: 5063: 5034: 5005: 4984: 4966: 4948: 4837: 4819: 4785: 4764: 4743: 4718: 4693: 4672: 4651: 4629: 4581: 4560: 4542: 4512: 4490: 4469: 4448: 4427: 4409: 4337: 4176: 4155: 4130: 4063: 4042: 4021: 4003: 3982: 3961: 3940: 3915: 3894: 3864: 3774: 3743: 1610: 1500: 533:

of the area, as a result of such developments, was probably either dead or almost dead, perhaps surviving only in the uplands of Clydesdale,

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in what is now south-western Scotland, whose career stretched from the last quarter of the 12th century until his death in 1250. His father,

4867: 4483:

Kings, Clerics and Chronicles in Scotland, 500–1297: Essays in Honour of Marjorie Ogilvie Anderson on the Occasion of Her Ninetieth Birthday

2107:, vol. i, no. 32, at p. 25, where sometime before 1196 he is described as "Donnchadh, son of Gille-Brighde, son of Fergus, earl of Carrick". 763:, viewed from the south-east; it was probably this island that Uhtred retreated to when he was besieged by Donnchadh's brother Máel Coluim. 333:

entries from England and the English-speaking regions of what became south-eastern Scotland record other important details. Aside from the

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Stringer, Keith (1985), "The Early Lords of Lauderdale, Dryburgh Abbey and St Andrew's Priory at Northampton", in Stringer, Keith (ed.),

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dated to 25 August 1236 shows that Donnchadh granted the monastery the churches of Kirkoswald (Turnberry), Straiton and Dalquharran (Old

4123:

West over Sea. Studies in Scandinavian Sea-Borne Expansion and Settlement Before 1300: A Festschrift in Honour of Dr Barbara E. Crawford

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covers events until 1201. Roger of Hoveden is particularly important in relation to what is now south-western Scotland, the land of the

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Witness to both grants were some prominent churchman connected with Melrose: magnates like Earl Donnchadh II of Fife, the latter's son

690: 1352: 1031:, or lands, of the earl was probably extensive in Donnchadh's time; in 1260, during the minority of Donnchadh's descendant Countess 252:, Donnchadh fought battles in Ireland and acquired land there that he subsequently lost. A patron of religious houses, particularly 4646:(reprinted with corrections ed.), Edinburgh: The Scottish Medievalists and Department of Geography, University of Edinburgh, 4551:

Gillingham, John (2000), "The Travels of Roger of Howden and his Views of the Irish, Scots and Welsh", in Gillingham, John (ed.),

1393: 5210: 4907: 4368: 4292: 1397: 1389: 1104: 504: 284: 5231: 1146:. Relations with the bishop of Glasgow, within whose diocese Carrick lay, are also attested. For instance, on 21 July 1225, at 718: 407:. John of Fordun's work, which survives on its own, was incorporated in the following century into the work of Bower. Fordun's 1035:, an assessment made by the Scottish king showed that the earls had estates throughout the province, in upland locations like 5304: 5299: 5108: 1479:

By 1219 Donnchadh and his nephew appear to have lost all or most of his Irish land; a document of that year related that the

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The other known Anglo-French knight was Thomas de Colville. Thomas (nicknamed "the Scot") was the younger son of the lord of

1116: 988:. The population of Carrick, like that in neighbouring Galloway, consisted of kin groups governed by a "chief" or "captain" ( 492: 5156: 1680: 1598: 972:, and from Galloway proper by Glenapp and by the adjacent hills and forests. There were three main rivers, the Doon, the 5294: 5269: 1100: 428: 888: 3954:

The Anglo-Norman Era in Scottish History: The Ford Lectures Delivered in the University of Oxford in Hilary Term 1977

1440:(reigned 1422–1461), records that after John's Irish expedition of 1210, Donnchadh controlled extensive territory in 1120: 4941:

Freedom and Authority, Scotland c.1050–c.1650: Historical and Historiographical Essays Presented to Grant G. Simpson

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Edmonds, Fiona (2009), "Personal Names and the Cult of Patrick in Eleventh-Century Strathclyde and Northumbria", in

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Calendar of Documents Relating to Scotland Preserved in Her Majesty's Public Record Office, Vol. 1.: A. D. 1108–1272

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the wife of Roger de Mortimer, and William junior, with his wife and two sons, but Hugh de Lacy and Reinald escaped.

1371:, another Irish kingdom. Marriage thus connected Donnchadh and the other Gall-Gaidhil princes to several players in 1237:

In secular affairs one of the few important facts recorded about Donnchadh was his marriage to Avelina, daughter of

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in Kyle. In 1285 Melrose Abbey was able to persuade the earl of the time to force its tenants in Carrick to use the

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was written and compiled between 1384 and August 1387. Despite the apparently late date, Scottish textual historian

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have survived the Middle Ages, and the only surviving charters relevant to Donnchadh's career come from the heavily

4731: 4500: 4072: 4051: 4030: 3882: 831: 734: 618: 436: 383: 178: 3833:

Annals of the Reigns of Malcolm and William, Kings of Scotland, A.D.1153–1214 / collected, with notes and an index

5101: 5029:, The Scottish Record Society, New Series, Volume 24 (Revised ed.), Edinburgh: The Scottish Record Society, 5000:, The Scottish Record Society, New Series, Volume 25 (Revised ed.), Edinburgh: The Scottish Record Society, 1570:

Another of Donnchadh's sons, Eóin (John), owned the land of Straiton. He was involved in the Galwegian revolt of

1194: 815: 218: 167: 1388:

Donnchadh's interests in the area were damaged when de Courcy lost his territory in eastern Ulster to his rival

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of silver and handing over his son Donnchadh as a hostage. Donnchadh was taken into the care of Hugh de Morwic,

5139: 3852: 3800:

Carte Monialium de Northberwic: Prioratus Cisterciensis B. Marie de Northberwic Munimenta Vetusta que Supersunt

3092: 1532: 1363:, was son of Donnchadh's aunt. Guðrøðr, who was thus Donnchadh's cousin, had in turn married a daughter of the 1242: 780: 745: 741: 194: 69: 4684:(1993), "The Kin of Kennedy, 'Kenkynnol' and the Common Law", in Grant, Alexander; Stringer, Keith J. (eds.), 1491:") them believing they had conspired against the king in the rebellion of 1215–6. The king, John's successor 463:, a multi-ethnic region during the late 12th century. North of the Forth was the Gaelic kingdom of Scotland ( 1751:

Corner, "Howden , Roger of"; Duncan, "Roger of Howden", p. 135; Gillingham, "Travels", pp. 70–71; Gransden,

1659: 1224:

served by Paisley monks. Twenty years after the bishop's ruling Paisley complained to the papacy, which led

1131: 451: 264: 4100: 5226: 5151: 3463:

These were Anglo-Norman nobles who were settling in northern Scotland at this time in the lordship of the

1556: 1263: 1124: 1023:), officials of the earl or of other captains, to claim one night of free hospitality (a privilege called 1016: 733:

There is a "body of circumstantial evidence" that suggests Donnchadh's mother was a daughter or sister of

601: 514: 79: 1725: 1583: 1056: 838:(Roland) invaded western Galloway, Roger of Hoveden described the action as "contrary to prohibition". 593: 510: 319: 234: 1637:) of Carrick, a son or grandson of one of Donnchadh's brothers. The charter granted Lochlann the title 390:

under protest from the Scottish king; and that Donnchadh fought a battle in Ireland in 1197 assisting

39: 5274: 5205: 1626: 1492: 1480: 1108: 835: 335: 257: 3975:

The Kingdom of the Scots: Government, Church and Society from the Eleventh to the Fourteenth Century

3859:, Dublin: Henry Bradshaw Society (Republished Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1984), 1433: 5236: 5162: 1602: 1484: 1437: 1347: 1015:

The population was governed under these leaders by a customary law that remained distinct from the

883: 868: 678: 530: 484: 379: 326: 238: 211: 4085:, 'The Great Ill-Will of the Lowlander'? Lowland Perceptions of the Highlands, Medieval and Modern 4876: 4794: 4256: 4216: 3840: 3479:; Duffy, "Lords of Galloway", pp. 39–42, 50; see also, Stringer, "Periphery and Core", pp. 92–95. 1575: 1469: 1032: 776: 768: 694: 283:, a region he ruled for more than six decades, making him one of the longest serving magnates in 226: 222: 2103:

For Alan of Galloway, see Stringer, "Acts of Lordship", p. 224; for Donnchadh, see Innes (ed.),

1279: 517:; by Donnchadh's day the Scots had settled many English and Continental Europeans (principally 5170: 5080: 5059: 5040: 5030: 5011: 5001: 4980: 4962: 4944: 4855: 4833: 4815: 4781: 4760: 4739: 4714: 4689: 4668: 4647: 4625: 4599: 4577: 4556: 4538: 4518: 4508: 4486: 4465: 4444: 4423: 4405: 4333: 4268: 4236: 4205: 4172: 4151: 4126: 4092: 4059: 4038: 4017: 3999: 3978: 3957: 3936: 3911: 3890: 3860: 3770: 3739: 3731: 3719: 1642: 1496: 1360: 1221: 1190: 1155: 1112: 926: 892: 864: 638: 440: 268: 242: 5199: 5189: 4912: 4830:

The World of the Galloglass: Kings, Warlords and Warriors in Ireland and Scotland, 1200–1600

4569: 4420:

The World of the Galloglass: Kings, Warlords and Warriors in Ireland and Scotland, 1200–1600

4373: 4297: 4228: 4197: 1614: 1552: 1461: 1174: 1040: 981: 879: 819: 698: 674: 557: 423: 387: 340: 315: 276: 272: 127: 4481:(2000), "Sources and Uses of the Chronicle of Melrose, 1165–1297", in Taylor, Simon (ed.), 4091:, Glasgow: Centre for Scottish and Celtic Studies, University of Glasgow, pp. 83–109, 5124: 4727: 4702: 4681: 4660: 4639: 3464: 1618: 1536: 1318: 1225: 1161: 1085: 788: 661:, "quarter"s) of Galloway; an Irish annal entry for the year 1154 designated galleys from 417: 280: 154: 134: 30: 1465: 1138:

of Maybole sometime between 1189 and 1250. In addition to Maybole, he gave the church of

4622:

Manx Kingship in its Irish Sea Setting, 1187–1229: King Rǫgnvaldr and the Crovan Dynasty

48:, surviving from a Melrose charter, depicting a "winged dragon"; the inscription reads 4553:

The English in the Twelfth Century: Imperialism, National Identity and Political Values

4326: 3929: 3648:

Bannerman, "Macduff of Fife", pp. 20–28, for discussion in relation to Fife; MacQueen,

3639:

MacQueen, "Kin of Kennedy", pp. 278–80; MacQueen, "Survival and Success", pp. 76, 78–80

1667: 1594:. Cailean, and presumably Donnchadh's other legitimate sons, died before their father. 1578:. He received a pardon by granting patronage of the church of Straiton and the land of 1401: 1364: 1335: 1271: 977: 961: 875: 795: 760: 726: 650: 553: 468: 403: 391: 344: 295: 288: 249: 144: 4592:

Transactions of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society

1539:") helped Hugh de Lacy, and probably ended up with Donnchadh's territory as a reward. 5263: 4807: 4478: 4457: 4436: 4328:

Medieval Religious Houses: Scotland With an Appendix on the Houses in the Isle of Man

3991: 3970: 3949: 3924: 3903: 3762: 3604: 3585: 3566: 3547: 3509: 3490: 3476: 3424: 2258: 2243: 2224: 2181: 2073: 1457: 1441: 1314: 1306: 1290: 1052: 896: 799: 784: 662: 487:, and in the late 12th century the people of these regions, as well as the people of 292: 253: 45: 4464:, The Edinburgh History of Scotland, vol. 1, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1173:

Donnchadh's most important long-term patronage was a series of gifts to the Cluniac

5194: 4977:

Medieval Scotland, Crown, Lordship and Community: Essays Presented to G.W.S. Barrow

4773: 4752: 4706: 4686:

Medieval Scotland, Crown, Lordship and Community: Essays Presented to G.W.S. Barrow

4530: 4185: 4164: 4139: 4118: 4076: 3887:

Medieval Scotland, Crown, Lordship and Community: Essays Presented to G.W.S. Barrow

3472: 1622: 1535:. Historian Séan Duffy argues that the Bissets (later known as the "Bissets of the 1310: 1298: 1169:

Abbey of Crosssraguel roughly looked before its destruction in the early modern era

1009: 973: 827: 749: 614: 412: 375: 348: 207: 4931: 4894:

Smith, B. (2004). "Lacy, Hugh de, earl of Ulster (d. 1242), magnate and soldier".

4828:

Ross, Alasdair (2007), "Moray, Ulster and the MacWilliams", in Duffy, Séan (ed.),

4439:(1999), "Roger of Howden and Scotland, 1187–1201", in Crawford, Barbara E. (ed.), 4392: 4316: 709: 3812:

Liber Sancte Marie de Melros, Munimenta Vetustiora Monasterii de Melros (2 vols.)

1506:

Later in the same year Donnchadh wrote to King Henry. His letter was as follows:

397:

Another important chronicle source is the material preserved in John of Fordun's

5079:, The New Edinburgh History of Scotland, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 5022: 4993: 3819: 3807: 3795: 3783: 3000: 1655: 1571: 1564: 1368: 1178: 1142:

at Kirkbride to the nuns, as well as a grant of three marks from a place called

1135: 985: 934: 787:, the theory is disproved by one English royal document, written in the name of 646: 642: 626: 592: —part of modern Galloway—which was named as lying within another kingdom, 526: 460: 5093: 4916: 4846:

Sellar, David (1973), "The Earliest Campbells – Norman, Briton, or Gael",

4301: 1059:

from his land at Turnberry. Between 1189 and 1198 he had granted the church of

755: 233:. As a result of Gille-Brighde's conflict with Uhtred and the Scottish monarch 5072: 5051: 4896: 4418:

Duffy, Séan (2007), "The Prehistory of the Galloglass", in Duffy, Séan (ed.),

4377: 4281: 4201: 4169:

Scottish Independence and the Idea of Britain: From the Picts to Alexander III

2001:

Byrne, "Na Renna", p. 267; Clancy, "Gall-Ghàidheil", pp. 29–32; Stokes (ed.),

1409: 1217: 1206: 969: 738: 686: 622: 522: 500: 496: 488: 472: 5249:

Did not hold the rank of earl/mormaer, but ruled the province as a petty-king

5044: 5027:

The Heads of Religious Houses in Scotland from Twelfth to Sixteenth Centuries

5015: 4859: 4603: 4522: 4507:, Studies in Celtic History, Woodbridge: Boydell and Brewer, pp. 42–65, 4357: 4272: 4240: 4209: 4096: 435:

appears to have been based on an even earlier text, about the descendants of

1606: 1488: 1294: 1139: 1089: 980:, though most of the province was hilly, meaning that most wealth came from 965: 534: 480: 330: 311: 4814:, St Andrews: University of St Andrews Library The Scottish Medievalists, 3935:, Regesta Regum Scottorum, vol. ii, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 3885:(1993), "Macduff of Fife", in Grant, Alexander; Stringer, Keith J. (eds.), 783:, while Gille-Brighde and his descendants were not. According to historian 3910:, Regesta Regum Scottorum, vol. i, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 4713:, Edinburgh: The Scottish Society for Northern Studies, pp. 131–43, 4232: 2999:, pp. 73, 120; another early possession of Crossraguel was the church of 1971:

Broun, "Welsh Identity", pp. 120–25; Edmonds, "Personal Names", pp. 49–50

1453: 1302: 1036: 722: 589: 565: 561: 518: 230: 2765:

MacQueen, "Kin of Kennedy", p. 280; MacQueen, "Laws of Galloway", p. 134

1351:

Gall-Gaidhil, and around 1180 John de Courcy married Donnchadh's cousin

4355:

Duffy, Seán (2004). "Courcy, John de (d. 1219?), conqueror of Ulster".

4058:, The Stewart Dynasty in Scotland Series, East Linton: Tuckwell Press, 1663: 1449: 1339: 1166: 1064: 1028: 921: 673:

or Anglo-French origin. Strathgryfe and most of Kyle had been given to

610: 476: 325:

Some English government records describe his activities in relation to

307: 260: 214: 4188:(2004), "Welsh Identity of the Kingdom of Strathclyde, c.900–c.1200", 1185:). At some date before 1227 he granted Crossraguel and a place called 1084:

These estates were very rich, and became attached to Melrose's "super-

951: 1587: 1473: 1372: 1274:. De Skelbrooke himself made grants to Melrose regarding the land of 1202: 1198: 1039:, Glengennet and Bennan, as well as in the east in locations such as 606: 415:

has shown that Fordun's work in fact consists of two earlier pieces,

427:, the former written before April 1285 and covering the period from 306:

Donnchadh's career is not well documented in the surviving sources.

1338:, whose early life was probably spent just across the Irish Sea in 5054:(2004), "The Age of Sea-Kings: 900–1300", in Omand, Donald (ed.), 4350:, Scottish Record Society, vol. 93, Edinburgh: Neill & Co. Ltd 1445: 1343: 1160: 1151: 1027:), and to accuse and arrest with little restriction. The personal 802:. In 1233, one Gille-Chonaill Manntach, "the Stammerer" (recorded 754: 708: 450: 279:—future monarchs of Scotland and England. Donnchadh was the first 3738:(1991 revised & corrected ed.), Stamford: Paul Watkins, 2842:, pp. 228–40, for details, and p. 228 for the term "super-grange" 1551:

to have died on 13 June 1250. He was succeeded in the earldom by

1523:

King John granted to Donnchadh of Carrick, land in Ulster called

956:

Settlements and churches of Carrick in and around Donnchadh's era

455:

Linguistic regions and provinces of what is now southern Scotland

4279:

Corner, David (2004). "Howden (Hoveden), Roger of (d. 1201/2)".

3409:, vol. i, no. 737, p. 130; Duffy, "Lords of Galloway", pp. 43–44 1516: 1392:

in 1203. John de Courcy, with help from his wife's brother King

874:

Lochlann ignored Henry's summons until an embassy consisting of

867:. When Henry arrived he instructed King William and his brother 573: 5097: 1764:

Duncan, "Roger of Howden", p. 135; Gillingham, "Travels", p. 70

1464:

and Tómas, sons of Lochlann, a huge lordship equivalent to 140

1456:

of land in between, a territory similar to the later barony of

1012:, who seem to have provided the earldom's hereditary stewards. 459:

Donnchadh's territory lay in what is now Scotland south of the

4146:

Attributed to John of Fordun", in Crawford, Barbara E. (ed.),

2957:, vol. i, no. 139, pp. 117–18; Shead and Cunningham, "Glasgow" 1220:

of 11 July 1265 reveals that Paisley Abbey built only a small

1147: 915:

When Donnchadh adopted or was given the title of earl (Latin:

4014:

A History of Clan Campbell. Volume 1: From Origins to Flodden

4056:

The Early Stewart Kings: Robert II and Robert III, 1371–1406

907:

There is no record of any subsequent court hearing, but the

483:

were the heartlands of the northern part of the old English

44:

A 19th-century reproduction of an impression of Donnchadh's

4730:(2003), "Survival and Success: The Kennedys of Dunure", in 4075:(2007), "The Gaelic World and the Early Stewart Court", in 3724:

Early Sources of Scottish History A.D. 500 to 1286 (2 vols)

1724:

A discussion of charters, in relation to the Scottish king

1658:, claimed that "Efferic" (i.e. Affraic or Afraig), wife of 791:, which likewise asserts that Donnchadh was John's cousin. 4979:, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, pp. 82–113, 4688:, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, pp. 274–96, 3513:, vol. ii, p. 423; MacQueen, "Survival and Success", p. 72 2062:, p. 251; Stringer, "Early Lords of Lauderdale", pp. 46–47 1617:, through military success and ancestral kinship with the 1071:) to this Cistercian house. The grant is mentioned by the 779:; that is, Uhtred and his descendants were related to the 4705:(1991), "The Laws of Galloway: A Preliminary Survey", in 3889:, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, pp. 20–38, 3736:

Scottish Annals from English Chroniclers A.D. 500 to 1286

2454: 2452: 759:

The Island of Dee, now the location of the late medieval

339:, the most significant of these sources are the works of 4590:

Greeves, Ronald (1959), "The Galloway Lands in Ulster",

871:, to come to Carlisle, and to bring Lochlann with them. 701:, in the years before Donnchadh's career in the region. 540:

The rest of the region was settled by the people called

401:("Chronicle of the Scottish people") and Walter Bower's 4736:

The Exercise of Power in Medieval Scotland, C.1200–1500

3998:(4th ed.), Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 3996:

Robert Bruce and the Community of the Realm of Scotland

3977:(2nd ed.), Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2610: 2608: 1574:

in 1235, during which he attacked some churches in the

1980:

Clancy, "Galloway and the Gall-Ghàidheil", pp. 32–33,

1842:

With perhaps another chronicle closely related to the

1123:, to the bishopric of Glasgow regarding the church of 941:

in a charter dated by Anderson to 1216, Melrose 192.

752:, came to regard this conjecture as certain by 2004. 3767:

Scotichronicon by Walter Bower, in Latin and English

3095:; see Boardman, "Gaelic World", p. 92; Innes (ed.), 275:, a leading member of the family later known as the 5219: 5182: 5131: 4998:

Fasti Ecclesiae Scotinanae Medii Aevi ad annum 1638

4812:

The Sheriffs of Scotland: An Interim List to C.1306

1648:The 17th-century genealogical compilation known as 1262:earlier with another Firth of Clyde Gaelic prince, 370:covers the period from 1169 to April 1192, and the 173: 163: 153: 143: 133: 122: 112: 95: 85: 75: 65: 57: 23: 4895: 4665:Common Law and Feudal Society in Medieval Scotland 4356: 4325: 4280: 3928: 3761:Corner, David J.; Scott, A.B.; Scott, William W.; 2707: 2705: 4576:, vol. 1, c. 550–c.1307, London: Routledge, 3700:, pp. 41–42; Sellar, "Earliest Campbells", p. 116 3608:, p. 426; MacQueen, "Survival and Success", p. 78 3401: 3399: 3210:, p. 31; MacQueen, ""Survival and Success", p. 77 2965: 2963: 1795:Anderson, Scottish Annals, pp. 268, 325; Lawrie, 1468:that included most of northern County Antrim and 1432:Another document, this one preserved in an Irish 737:. This includes Donnchadh's association with the 689:still had a Gaelic ruler (ancestor of the famous 4943:, East Linton: Tuckwell Press, pp. 203–34, 4503:; Davies, John Reuben; Williamson, Eila (eds.), 3525: 3523: 3521: 3519: 3284: 3282: 3280: 3278: 3276: 1245:. The marriage is known from Roger of Hoveden's 613:, Glenken, Desnes Mór and Desnes Ioan (that is, 354:Roger of Hoveden wrote two important works: the 343:, and the material preserved in the writings of 291:and Stewart Kings of Scotland, and probably the 3931:The Acts of William I: King of Scots, 1165–1214 3428:, vol. ii, p. 422, n. 7; Smith, "Lacy, Hugh de" 1621:, became King of Scots. King Robert's brother, 1521: 1508: 1418: 1381: 1251: 1077: 177:uncertain, but perhaps a daughter or sister of 4485:, Dublin: Four Courts Press, pp. 146–85, 4332:(2nd ed.), London and New York: Longman, 3345:, vol. i, no. 480, p. 82; spellings modernised 2711:MacQueen, "Survival and Success", p. 74, n. 31 1936:, pp. 48–50; Broun, "Becoming Scottish", p. 19 1670:, was the daughter of one Cailean (anglicised 1651:Ane Accompt of the Genealogie of the Campbells 513:(or Strathclyde) was the heartland of the old 91:location unknown, probably Galloway or Carrick 52:("The seal of Donnchadh son of Gille-Brighde") 5109: 4832:, Dublin: Four Courts Press, pp. 24–44, 4738:, Dublin: Four Courts Press, pp. 67–94, 4404:, Dublin: Four Courts Press, pp. 37–50, 3678:, p. 41; Sellar, "Earliest Campbells", p. 115 3471:) in the aftermath of the destruction of the 3127:Some Account of the Ancient Earldom of Carric 2870:Some Account of the Ancient Earldom of Carric 2594: 2592: 2210: 2208: 2206: 2204: 1177:that led to the foundation of a monastery at 431:(Malcolm III, died 1093) to 2 February 1285. 8: 4911:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 4443:, Edinburgh: Mercat Press, pp. 135–59, 4422:, Dublin: Four Courts Press, pp. 1–23, 4372:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 4296:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2561: 2559: 2557: 2555: 2553: 2115: 2113: 1854:, p. 217; Duncan, "Sources and Uses", p. 169 1193:on 23 January 1227. A royal confirmation by 744:, founded by Donnchadh II of Fife's father, 4959:Essays on the Nobility of Medieval Scotland 4259:(2008), "The Gall-Ghàidheil and Galloway", 3826:, Edinburgh: Maitland club publications; 17 3661:MacQueen, "Kin of Kennedy", pp. 278, 286–87 3310:Greeves, "Galloway lands in Ulster", p. 115 3032: 3030: 2812:, vol. i, nos. 29 and 30, pp. 20–24; Oram, 2738:MacQueen, "Survival and Success", pp. 75–76 2094:, p. 103; Woolf, "Age of Sea-Kings", p. 103 1949:, pp. 30–50, illustrative maps at pp. 51–60 1472:, the reward for use of their soldiers and 1266:(Rǫgnvaldr, son of Sumarliði or Somerled). 944:Oram pointed out that Donnchadh was styled 358:("Deeds of Henry II", alternatively titled 5116: 5102: 5094: 4961:, Edinburgh: John Donald, pp. 44–61, 4866:Shead, N.F.; Cunningham, I.C., "Glasgow", 4150:, Edinburgh: Mercat Press, pp. 9–30, 3099:, vol. ii, nos. 452–55, pp. 420–23; Oram, 2923:, nos. 13–14, pp. 13–14; Watt and Murray, 2635:, vol. ii, pp. 330–31, n. 2; Innes (ed.), 2618:, vol. ii, pp. 330–31, n. 2; Innes (ed.), 1666:1263–6) and mother of Campbell progenitor 1201:). He may also have given the churches of 386:; that Donnchcadh married the daughter of 38: 20: 4667:, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 4615:, Edinburgh: Bannatyne and Maitland Clubs 4247:Carrick, Andrew; Maidment, James (1857), 4171:, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 3756:, Edinburgh: H. M. General Register House 3422:, vol. i, no. 874, p. 155; Balfour Paul, 1249:, which recorded that in 1200 Donnchadh: 1165:James A. Morris' illustration of how the 899:any party that should breach their oath. 4402:Regions and Rulers in Ireland, 1100–1650 4324:Cowan, Ian B.; Easson, David E. (1976), 3831:Lawrie, Archibald Campbell, ed. (1910), 3687:Sellar, "Earliest Campbells", pp. 115–16 3541: 3539: 2747:MacQueen, "Laws of Galloway", pp. 138–39 2014:Clancy, "Gall-Ghàidheil", p. 44; Woolf, 1111:Étgar mac Muireadhaich. Áedh son of the 929:argued that he began using the title of 362:, "Deeds of Henry and Richard") and the 5058:, Edinburgh: Birlinn, pp. 94–109, 4908:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 4898:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 4875:, University of Glasgow, archived from 4555:, Woodbridge: Boydell, pp. 69–91, 4369:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 4359:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 4293:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 4283:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 3617:MacQueen, "Survival and Success", p. 78 1691: 548:) in their own language, variations of 149:Donecanus or Duncanus filius Gilleberti 3630:, pp. 22, 57, 198–99, 279, 282, 294–95 3332:Smith, "Lacy, Hugh de, earl of Ulster" 3197:, vol. i, nos. 192 and 193, pp. 172–73 2889:, vol. i, no. 102, pp. 87–88 Neville, 2729:MacQueen, "Kin of Kennedy", pp. 278–80 2639:, vol. i, nos. 192 and 193, pp. 172–73 2352:Corner, Scott, Scott and Watt (eds.), 1633:family, issued a charter to Lochlann ( 1674:), "Lord of Carrick". Partly because 1611:Robert de Brus, 6th Lord of Annandale 1241:, lord of Strathgryfe and Kyle, and 1150:in Kyle, Donnchadh made a promise of 193: 7: 5290:Recipients of Scottish royal pardons 4251:, Edinburgh: Thomas George Stevenson 4012:Campbell of Airds, Alastair (2000), 2756:MacQueen, "Laws of Galloway", p. 134 2720:MacQueen, "Laws of Galloway", p. 132 600:). These areas had been part of the 5280:Nobility from Dumfries and Galloway 4757:David I: The King Who Made Scotland 4462:Scotland: The Making of the Kingdom 2652:, vol. i, no. 32, pp. 25–26; Oram, 2036:Clancy, "Gall-Ghàidheil", pp. 33–34 1992:Clancy, "Gall-Ghàidheil", pp. 29–39 1782:Corner, "Howden , Roger of"; Oram, 925:, is a debated question. Historian 580:) were described as "in Galloway" ( 2795:, no. 37, p. 29; Reid and Barrow, 1829:, pp. 257–58; Broun, "New Look at 691:Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray 447:Geographic and cultural background 382:under the care of Hugh de Morwic, 14: 4644:Atlas of Scottish History to 1707 4505:Saints' Cults in the Celtic World 4348:The Parishes of Medieval Scotland 4125:, Leiden: Brill, pp. 19–32, 3553:Registrum Episcopatus Glasguensis 3495:Registrum Episcopatus Glasguensis 3393:Duffy, "Lords of Galloway", p. 38 3384:Duffy, "Lords of Galloway", p. 37 3297:Duffy, "Courcy , John de"; Oram, 2955:Registrum Episcopatus Glasguensis 2887:Registrum Episcopatus Glasguensis 2682:, p. 111, n. 80; Watt and Shead, 2356:, vol. 4, p. 546, n. 18; Lawrie, 2119:Woolf, "Age of Sea-Kings", p. 103 1773:Duncan, "Roger of Howden", p. 135 1654:by Robert Duncanson, minister of 1384:him with no small body of troops. 1189:to Paisley, a grant confirmed by 50:SIGILLUM DUNCANI FILII GILLEBER.. 4869:Syllabus of Scottish Cartularies 4642:; Lyons, Anna May, eds. (2000), 4261:Journal of Scottish Name Studies 3589:, vol. ii, p. 243; Innes (ed.), 3570:, vol. ii, p. 243; Innes (ed.), 3551:, vol. ii, p. 243; Innes (ed.), 3493:, vol. ii, p. 423; Innes (ed.), 2876:, vol. i, nos. 29, 30, pp. 20–24 2264:Registrum Monasterii de Passelet 2027:Clancy, "Gall-Ghàidheil", passim 1728:, can be found in Barrow (ed.), 1301:Around 1190 he was constable of 1105:Gille Brigte, Earl of Strathearn 996:). Above these captains was the 237:, Donnchadh became a hostage of 5077:From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070 3790:, Edinburgh: The Bannatyne Club 3150:, vol. i, nos. 34–36, pp. 27–29 3133:, vol. i, nos. 31–35, pp. 24–28 2077:, vol. vi, pp. 286–91; Barrow, 3572:Carte Monialium de Northberwic 2942:Carte Monialium de Northberwic 2921:Carte Monialium de Northberwic 1427:Histoire des Ducs de Normandie 1342:, invaded the over-kingdom of 1195:King Alexander III of Scotland 1117:Maol Domhnaich, Earl of Lennox 665:, Kintyre, the Isle of Man as 429:King Máel Coluim mac Donnchada 287:. His descendants include the 263:, he attempted to establish a 191:Scottish Gaelic pronunciation: 1: 4996:; Murray, A.L., eds. (2003), 4709:; Stell, Geoffrey P. (eds.), 4624:, Dublin: Four Courts Press, 4574:Historical Writing in England 3593:, vol. i, no. 189, pp. 170–71 3555:, vol. i, no. 187, pp. 151–52 3358:, vol. ii, p. 387; McDonald, 3270:, vol. i, no. 195, pp. 174–75 3053:, pp. 63–64; Watt and Shead, 2859:, vol. i, no. 316, pp. 277–78 2526:, vol. iv, pp. 366–67; Oram, 1681:Scottish Wars of Independence 1605:(died 1271), a member of the 1293:, a significant landowner in 1010:Mac Cennétig (Kennedy) family 271:. He married the daughter of 225:, were the two rival sons of 5285:Nobility from South Ayrshire 5125:Mormaers or earls of Carrick 5025:; Shead, N.F., eds. (2001), 4932:UK public library membership 4620:McDonald, R. Andrew (2007), 4393:UK public library membership 4317:UK public library membership 4079:; MacGregor, Martin (eds.), 3726:, Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd 3674:, p. 18; Campbell of Airds, 2906:, p. 147; Fawcett and Oram, 1444:, namely the settlements of 1205:and Kirkcudbright-Innertig ( 139:Donnchadh mac Ghille-Brìghde 4711:Galloway: Land and Lordship 4142:(1999), "A New Look at the 3956:, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 3814:, Edinburgh: Bannatyne Club 3802:, Edinburgh: Bannatyne Club 2005:, pp. 116–17, 184–85, 212–3 1067:") and the lands of Beath ( 960:Carrick was located in the 767:Roger of Hoveden described 5321: 4780:, Edinburgh: John Donald, 4037:, Edinburgh: John Donald, 3752:Bain, Joseph, ed. (1831), 3321:Annals of Roger de Hoveden 3193:, pp. 31–32; Innes (ed.), 2944:, nos. 1, 28, pp. 3, 30–31 1801:Annals of Roger de Hoveden 1625:, became for a short time 1547:Donnchadh was said by the 1119:, son and heir of Mormaer 919:), or in his own language 735:Donnchadh II, Earl of Fife 619:Stewartry of Kirkcudbright 437:Saint Margaret of Scotland 281:mormaer or earl of Carrick 179:Donnchadh II, Earl of Fife 31:Mormaer or Earl of Carrick 18:Mormaer or Earl of Carrick 5245: 4734:; Ross, Alasdair (eds.), 4202:10.3366/inr.2004.55.2.111 3475:and would quickly become 3454:, vol. i, no. 879, p. 156 3441:, vol. i, no. 878, p. 156 3288:Duffy, "Courcy , John de" 3055:Heads of Religious Houses 3051:Medieval Religious Houses 3038:Medieval Religious Houses 3018:Medieval Religious Houses 2971:Medieval Religious Houses 2904:Medieval Religious Houses 2684:Heads of Religious Houses 2622:, vol. i, no. 193, p. 173 2488:, vol. ii, p. 310; Oram, 2143:Medieval Religious Houses 1047:Relations with the church 869:David, Earl of Huntingdon 717:Donnchadh was the son of 641:("Malcolm IV") describes 544:(modern Scottish Gaelic: 525:to compare the region to 399:Chronica gentis Scottorum 267:in his own territory, at 219:Gille-Brighde of Galloway 168:Gille-Brighde of Galloway 70:Gille-Brighde mac Fergusa 37: 28: 4778:The Lordship of Galloway 4035:The Campbells, 1250–1513 3533:, pp. 34–35;, 430, n. 26 1643:Kennedy family of Dunure 1243:High Steward of Scotland 1008:, "of Carrick") and the 742:nunnery of North Berwick 653:and Carrick as the four 360:Gesta Henrici et Ricardi 239:King Henry II of England 89:mid-to-late 12th century 4801:, Edinburgh: D. Douglas 3146:, p. 243; Innes (ed.), 3003:, for which see Cowan, 2940:, p. 118; Innes (ed.), 2855:, p. 119; Innes (ed.), 2791:, p. 243; Innes (ed.), 2262:, p. 422; Innes (ed.), 2241:, p. 110, n. 39; Paul, 2179:, p. 61; Balfour Paul, 1799:, p. 326; Riley (ed.), 1660:Gilleasbaig of Menstrie 1515:Henry's response was a 1436:dating to the reign of 1229:between 1274 and 1292. 1075:, under the year 1193: 4917:10.1093/ref:odnb/15853 4638:McNeill, Peter G. B.; 4346:Cowan, Ian B. (1967), 4302:10.1093/ref:odnb/13880 4016:, Edinburgh: Polygon, 3266:, p. 32; Innes (ed.), 3129:, p. 28; Innes (ed.), 3125:Carrick and Maidment, 2872:, p. 28; Innes (ed.), 2868:Carrick and Maidment, 2518:, pp. 289–90; Corner, 2360:, pp. 218, 254; Oram, 1601:, who married in turn 1557:Cailean mac Donnchaidh 1549:Martyrology of Glasgow 1529: 1513: 1423: 1406:William III de Briouze 1386: 1309:to the Cistercians of 1264:Raghnall mac Somhairle 1259: 1170: 1082: 1017:common law of Scotland 957: 816:Máel Coluim mac Eanric 764: 714: 637:", while a charter of 625:located the island of 602:Kingdom of Northumbria 515:Kingdom of Strathclyde 485:Earldom of Northumbria 456: 5305:13th-century mormaers 5300:12th-century mormaers 4610:Laing, Henry (1850), 4378:10.1093/ref:odnb/6443 3591:Liber de Sancte Marie 3452:Calendar of Documents 3439:Calendar of Documents 3420:Calendar of Documents 3407:Calendar of Documents 3343:Calendar of Documents 3268:Liber de Sancte Marie 3195:Liber de Sancte Marie 3148:Liber de Sancte Marie 3131:Liber de Sancte Marie 3097:Liber de Sancte Marie 2874:Liber de Sancte Marie 2857:Liber de Sancte Marie 2810:Liber de Sancte Marie 2793:Liber de Sancte Marie 2650:Liber de Sancte Marie 2637:Liber de Sancte Marie 2620:Liber de Sancte Marie 2586:, vol. iv, pp. 366–69 2475:, vol. ii, pp. 309–10 1893:, pp. 32–35; Barrow, 1865:Scottish Independence 1852:Scottish Independence 1848:Chronicle of Holyrood 1827:Scottish Independence 1814:Scottish Independence 1700:Descriptive Catalogue 1584:William de Bondington 1487:, had dispossessed (" 1394:Rǫgnvaldr Guðrøðarson 1284:Raderic mac Gillescop 1164: 1158:, Bishop of Glasgow. 1096:(the "English law"). 955: 832:sheriff of Cumberland 758: 712: 586:Martyrology of Óengus 454: 384:Sheriff of Cumberland 195:[ˈt̪ɔn̪ˠɔxəɣ] 126:Avelina, daughter of 5147:Donnchadh of Carrick 4233:10.1484/J.Peri.3.615 4219:(1982), "Na Renna", 3847:, London: H. G. Bohn 3835:, Glasgow: MacLehose 2797:Sheriffs of Scotland 2543:, pp. 289–90; Oram, 2145:, pp. 147–48; Oram, 2079:Kingdom of the Scots 2060:Kingdom of the Scots 1908:Kingdom of the Scots 1895:Kingdom of the Scots 1844:Chronicle of Melrose 1679:Robert I during the 1627:High King of Ireland 1609:family of Fife, and 1501:Archbishop of Dublin 1481:Justiciar of Ireland 1404:) and his associate 1073:Chronicle of Melrose 852:Chronicle of Melrose 789:King John of England 781:English royal family 727:petty king of Argyll 394:, Prince of Ulster. 336:Chronicle of Melrose 258:North Berwick priory 229:, Prince or Lord of 159:Dunecan fitz Gilbert 80:Niall mac Donnchaidh 5295:Mormaers of Carrick 5270:12th-century births 5163:Adam of Kilconquhar 5157:Marjorie of Carrick 4795:Paul, James Balfour 4728:MacQueen, Hector L. 4703:MacQueen, Hector L. 4661:MacQueen, Hector L. 4640:MacQueen, Hector L. 4257:Clancy, Thomas Owen 4083:Mìorun Mòr nan Gall 3696:Campbell of Airds, 3628:Early Stewart Kings 3249:, pp. 31–32; Oram, 2695:E.g. Balfour Paul, 2198:, pp. 430–31, n. 28 1603:Adam of Kilconquhar 1485:Geoffrey de Marisco 1025:sorryn et frithalos 884:Ranulf de Glanville 746:Donnchadh I of Fife 713:Family of Donnchadh 685:taking Cunningham. 4759:, Stroud: Tempus, 4537:, Stroud: Tempus, 4529:Fawcett, Richard; 3732:Anderson, Alan Orr 3720:Anderson, Alan Orr 3142:Fawcett and Oram, 3070:, p. 325; Lawrie, 3049:Cowan and Easson, 3036:Cowan and Easson, 3016:Cowan and Easson, 2969:Cowan and Easson, 2902:Cowan and Easson, 2838:Fawcett and Oram, 2787:Fawcett and Oram, 2277:Acts of Malcolm IV 2158:Fawcett and Oram, 2141:Cowan and Easson, 2105:Liber Sancte Marie 1753:Historical Writing 1576:diocese of Glasgow 1519:to his Justiciar: 1470:County Londonderry 1233:Anglo-French world 1171: 1033:Marjory of Carrick 958: 804:Gillokonel Manthac 769:Uhtred of Galloway 765: 715: 705:Origins and family 457: 320:Normanised English 223:Uhtred of Galloway 24:Donnchadh (Duncan) 5255: 5254: 5250: 5211:Alexander de Brus 5175: 5171:Lord of Annandale 5167:Robert VI de Brus 5086:978-0-7486-1234-5 5065:978-1-84158-253-5 5036:978-0-902054-18-9 5007:978-0-902054-19-6 4986:978-0-7486-1110-2 4968:978-1-904607-45-8 4950:978-1-898410-79-9 4930:(Subscription or 4839:978-1-85182-946-0 4821:978-0-900897-17-7 4806:Reid, Norman H.; 4787:978-0-85976-541-1 4766:978-0-7524-2825-3 4745:978-1-85182-749-7 4720:978-0-9505994-6-5 4695:978-0-7486-1110-2 4674:978-0-7486-0416-6 4653:978-0-9503904-1-3 4631:978-1-84682-047-2 4583:978-0-415-15124-5 4570:Gransden, Antonia 4562:978-0-85115-732-0 4544:978-0-7524-2867-3 4514:978-1-84383-432-8 4492:978-1-85182-516-5 4471:978-0-05-003183-4 4450:978-1-84183-001-8 4429:978-1-85182-946-0 4411:978-1-85182-742-8 4391:(Subscription or 4339:978-0-582-12069-3 4315:(Subscription or 4217:Byrne, Francis J. 4178:978-0-7486-2360-0 4157:978-1-84183-001-8 4132:978-90-04-15893-1 4065:978-1-898410-43-0 4052:Boardman, Stephen 4044:978-0-85976-631-9 4031:Boardman, Stephen 4023:978-1-902930-17-6 4005:978-0-7486-2022-7 3984:978-0-7486-1802-6 3963:978-0-19-822473-0 3942:978-0-85224-142-4 3917:978-0-85224-141-7 3896:978-0-7486-1110-2 3875:Secondary sources 3866:978-1-85500-127-5 3776:978-1-873644-35-5 3745:978-1-871615-45-6 3497:, vol. ii, p. 616 3323:, vol. ii, p. 404 3176:, p. 31; Duncan, 2986:, pp. 123, 189–90 2699:, vol. iv, p. 422 2582:Corner (et al.), 2303:Acts of William I 2247:, vol. ii, p. 421 2228:, vol. ii, p. 422 2185:, vol. iv, p. 422 1803:, vol. ii, p. 404 1730:Acts of William I 1613:. Marjorie's son 1497:Henry de Loundres 1361:King of the Isles 1346:in north-eastern 1334:The Anglo-Norman 1191:Pope Honorius III 1134:of the church of 1113:mormaer of Lennox 1043:and Dalquharran. 927:Alan Orr Anderson 893:Bishop of Glasgow 588:, in contrast to 441:Dunfermline Abbey 329:, and occasional 316:Gaelic south-west 285:medieval Scotland 221:, and his uncle, 184: 183: 5312: 5248: 5159: 5152:Niall of Carrick 5118: 5111: 5104: 5095: 5089: 5068: 5047: 5018: 4989: 4971: 4953: 4935: 4927: 4925: 4923: 4904: 4901: 4890: 4889: 4887: 4881: 4874: 4862: 4848:Scottish Studies 4842: 4824: 4802: 4790: 4774:Oram, Richard D. 4769: 4748: 4723: 4707:Oram, Richard D. 4698: 4682:MacQueen, Hector 4677: 4656: 4634: 4616: 4606: 4586: 4565: 4547: 4525: 4495: 4474: 4453: 4432: 4414: 4396: 4388: 4386: 4384: 4365: 4362: 4351: 4342: 4331: 4320: 4312: 4310: 4308: 4289: 4286: 4275: 4252: 4243: 4212: 4181: 4160: 4135: 4114: 4113: 4111: 4105: 4099:, archived from 4090: 4068: 4047: 4026: 4008: 3987: 3966: 3945: 3934: 3920: 3899: 3869: 3848: 3836: 3827: 3815: 3803: 3791: 3779: 3757: 3748: 3727: 3701: 3694: 3688: 3685: 3679: 3668: 3662: 3659: 3653: 3646: 3640: 3637: 3631: 3624: 3618: 3615: 3609: 3600: 3594: 3581: 3575: 3562: 3556: 3543: 3534: 3527: 3514: 3505: 3499: 3486: 3480: 3461: 3455: 3448: 3442: 3435: 3429: 3416: 3410: 3403: 3394: 3391: 3385: 3382: 3376: 3369: 3363: 3352: 3346: 3339: 3333: 3330: 3324: 3317: 3311: 3308: 3302: 3295: 3289: 3286: 3271: 3264:Anglo-Norman Era 3260: 3254: 3247:Anglo-Norman Era 3243: 3237: 3230: 3224: 3221:Anglo-Norman Era 3217: 3211: 3208:Anglo-Norman Era 3204: 3198: 3191:Anglo-Norman Era 3187: 3181: 3174:Anglo-Norman Era 3170: 3164: 3161:Anglo-Norman Era 3157: 3151: 3140: 3134: 3123: 3117: 3114:Anglo-Norman Era 3110: 3104: 3081: 3075: 3064: 3058: 3047: 3041: 3034: 3025: 3020:, p. 64; Cowan, 3014: 3008: 2993: 2987: 2980: 2974: 2967: 2958: 2951: 2945: 2934: 2928: 2917: 2911: 2900: 2894: 2883: 2877: 2866: 2860: 2853:Anglo-Norman Era 2849: 2843: 2836: 2830: 2823: 2817: 2806: 2800: 2785: 2779: 2772: 2766: 2763: 2757: 2754: 2748: 2745: 2739: 2736: 2730: 2727: 2721: 2718: 2712: 2709: 2700: 2693: 2687: 2676: 2670: 2663: 2657: 2646: 2640: 2629: 2623: 2612: 2603: 2596: 2587: 2580: 2574: 2569:, p. 290; Oram, 2563: 2548: 2537: 2531: 2512: 2506: 2499: 2493: 2482: 2476: 2469: 2463: 2456: 2447: 2440: 2434: 2427: 2421: 2414: 2408: 2401: 2395: 2388: 2382: 2377:, p. 289; Oram, 2371: 2365: 2350: 2344: 2339:, p. 268; Oram, 2333: 2327: 2322:, p. 258; Oram, 2316: 2310: 2299: 2293: 2286: 2280: 2273: 2267: 2254: 2248: 2235: 2229: 2218:, p. 257; Oram, 2212: 2199: 2192: 2186: 2175:, p. 257; Oram, 2169: 2163: 2156: 2150: 2139: 2133: 2126: 2120: 2117: 2108: 2101: 2095: 2088: 2082: 2069: 2063: 2056: 2050: 2043: 2037: 2034: 2028: 2025: 2019: 2016:Pictland to Alba 2012: 2006: 1999: 1993: 1990: 1984: 1978: 1972: 1969: 1963: 1960:Pictland to Alba 1956: 1950: 1947:Anglo-Norman Era 1943: 1937: 1934:Anglo-Norman Era 1930: 1924: 1921:Pictland to Alba 1917: 1911: 1904: 1898: 1891:Anglo-Norman Era 1887: 1881: 1878:Anglo-Norman Era 1874: 1868: 1861: 1855: 1840: 1834: 1823: 1817: 1810: 1804: 1793: 1787: 1780: 1774: 1771: 1765: 1762: 1756: 1749: 1743: 1739: 1733: 1726:William the Lion 1722: 1716: 1709: 1703: 1696: 1615:Robert the Bruce 1543:Death and legacy 1239:Alan fitz Walter 1175:Abbey of Paisley 982:animal husbandry 903:Ruler of Carrick 895:, instructed to 880:Bishop of Durham 820:William the Lion 810:Exile and return 699:King of Galloway 683:Hugh de Morville 675:Walter fitz Alan 531:British language 424:Gesta Annalia II 388:Alan fitz Walter 368:Gesta Henrici II 356:Gesta Henrici II 341:Roger of Hoveden 277:House of Stewart 273:Alan fitz Walter 235:William the Lion 197: 192: 128:Alan fitz Walter 106: 104: 42: 21: 5320: 5319: 5315: 5314: 5313: 5311: 5310: 5309: 5260: 5259: 5256: 5251: 5241: 5215: 5178: 5127: 5122: 5092: 5087: 5071: 5066: 5056:The Argyll Book 5050: 5037: 5021: 5008: 4992: 4987: 4974: 4969: 4956: 4951: 4938: 4929: 4921: 4919: 4902: 4893: 4885: 4883: 4879: 4872: 4865: 4845: 4840: 4827: 4822: 4810:, eds. (2002), 4805: 4793: 4788: 4772: 4767: 4751: 4746: 4732:Boardman, Steve 4726: 4721: 4701: 4696: 4680: 4675: 4659: 4654: 4637: 4632: 4619: 4609: 4589: 4584: 4568: 4563: 4550: 4545: 4528: 4515: 4501:Boardman, Steve 4498: 4493: 4477: 4472: 4456: 4451: 4435: 4430: 4417: 4412: 4399: 4390: 4382: 4380: 4363: 4354: 4345: 4340: 4323: 4314: 4306: 4304: 4287: 4278: 4255: 4246: 4215: 4184: 4179: 4163: 4158: 4138: 4133: 4117: 4109: 4107: 4103: 4088: 4073:Boardman, Steve 4071: 4066: 4050: 4045: 4029: 4024: 4011: 4006: 3990: 3985: 3969: 3964: 3948: 3943: 3923: 3918: 3902: 3897: 3883:Bannerman, John 3881: 3877: 3872: 3867: 3853:Stokes, Whitley 3851: 3841:Riley, Henry T. 3839: 3830: 3818: 3806: 3794: 3782: 3777: 3765:, eds. (1994), 3760: 3751: 3746: 3730: 3718: 3714: 3712:Primary sources 3709: 3704: 3695: 3691: 3686: 3682: 3669: 3665: 3660: 3656: 3647: 3643: 3638: 3634: 3625: 3621: 3616: 3612: 3601: 3597: 3582: 3578: 3563: 3559: 3544: 3537: 3528: 3517: 3506: 3502: 3487: 3483: 3462: 3458: 3449: 3445: 3436: 3432: 3417: 3413: 3404: 3397: 3392: 3388: 3383: 3379: 3370: 3366: 3353: 3349: 3340: 3336: 3331: 3327: 3318: 3314: 3309: 3305: 3296: 3292: 3287: 3274: 3261: 3257: 3244: 3240: 3231: 3227: 3218: 3214: 3205: 3201: 3188: 3184: 3171: 3167: 3158: 3154: 3141: 3137: 3124: 3120: 3111: 3107: 3082: 3078: 3068:Scottish Annals 3065: 3061: 3048: 3044: 3035: 3028: 3015: 3011: 2994: 2990: 2981: 2977: 2968: 2961: 2952: 2948: 2935: 2931: 2925:Fasti Ecclesiae 2918: 2914: 2901: 2897: 2891:Native Lordship 2884: 2880: 2867: 2863: 2850: 2846: 2837: 2833: 2824: 2820: 2807: 2803: 2786: 2782: 2773: 2769: 2764: 2760: 2755: 2751: 2746: 2742: 2737: 2733: 2728: 2724: 2719: 2715: 2710: 2703: 2694: 2690: 2677: 2673: 2669:, p. 111, n. 80 2664: 2660: 2656:, p. 111, n. 80 2647: 2643: 2630: 2626: 2613: 2606: 2597: 2590: 2581: 2577: 2567:Scottish Annals 2564: 2551: 2541:Scottish Annals 2538: 2534: 2516:Scottish Annals 2513: 2509: 2503:Scottish Annals 2500: 2496: 2483: 2479: 2470: 2466: 2457: 2450: 2441: 2437: 2428: 2424: 2415: 2411: 2402: 2398: 2389: 2385: 2375:Scottish Annals 2372: 2368: 2351: 2347: 2337:Scottish Annals 2334: 2330: 2320:Scottish Annals 2317: 2313: 2300: 2296: 2287: 2283: 2274: 2270: 2255: 2251: 2236: 2232: 2222:, p. 61; Paul, 2216:Scottish Annals 2213: 2202: 2193: 2189: 2173:Scottish Annals 2170: 2166: 2157: 2153: 2140: 2136: 2127: 2123: 2118: 2111: 2102: 2098: 2089: 2085: 2070: 2066: 2057: 2053: 2044: 2040: 2035: 2031: 2026: 2022: 2013: 2009: 2000: 1996: 1991: 1987: 1979: 1975: 1970: 1966: 1957: 1953: 1944: 1940: 1931: 1927: 1918: 1914: 1905: 1901: 1888: 1884: 1875: 1871: 1862: 1858: 1841: 1837: 1824: 1820: 1811: 1807: 1794: 1790: 1781: 1777: 1772: 1768: 1763: 1759: 1750: 1746: 1740: 1736: 1723: 1719: 1710: 1706: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1619:Dunkeld dynasty 1545: 1525:Balgeithelauche 1355:, whose father 1332: 1319:Hector MacQueen 1235: 1226:Pope Clement IV 1049: 909:Gesta Annalia I 905: 847:Gesta Annalia I 812: 707: 669:, "Galwegian". 657:(probably from 629:"lying between 556:, and normally 537:and Annandale. 449: 433:Gesta Annalia I 418:Gesta Annalia I 304: 296:Dukes of Argyll 190: 118: 107: 102: 100: 90: 53: 19: 12: 11: 5: 5318: 5316: 5308: 5307: 5302: 5297: 5292: 5287: 5282: 5277: 5272: 5262: 5261: 5253: 5252: 5246: 5243: 5242: 5240: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5223: 5221: 5217: 5216: 5214: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5200:Robert de Brus 5197: 5195:Edward de Brus 5192: 5190:Robert de Brus 5186: 5184: 5180: 5179: 5177: 5176: 5154: 5149: 5144: 5135: 5133: 5129: 5128: 5123: 5121: 5120: 5113: 5106: 5098: 5091: 5090: 5085: 5069: 5064: 5048: 5035: 5019: 5006: 4990: 4985: 4972: 4967: 4954: 4949: 4936: 4903:(fee required) 4891: 4882:on 7 June 2011 4863: 4843: 4838: 4825: 4820: 4808:Barrow, G.W.S. 4803: 4791: 4786: 4770: 4765: 4749: 4744: 4724: 4719: 4699: 4694: 4678: 4673: 4657: 4652: 4635: 4630: 4617: 4607: 4587: 4582: 4566: 4561: 4548: 4543: 4526: 4513: 4496: 4491: 4479:Duncan, A.A.M. 4475: 4470: 4458:Duncan, A.A.M. 4454: 4449: 4437:Duncan, A.A.M. 4433: 4428: 4415: 4410: 4397: 4364:(fee required) 4352: 4343: 4338: 4321: 4288:(fee required) 4276: 4253: 4244: 4213: 4182: 4177: 4161: 4156: 4136: 4131: 4115: 4106:on 7 June 2011 4069: 4064: 4048: 4043: 4027: 4022: 4009: 4004: 3992:Barrow, G.W.S. 3988: 3983: 3971:Barrow, G.W.S. 3967: 3962: 3950:Barrow, G.W.S. 3946: 3941: 3927:, ed. (1971), 3925:Barrow, G.W.S. 3921: 3916: 3906:, ed. (1960), 3904:Barrow, G.W.S. 3900: 3895: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3870: 3865: 3855:, ed. (1905), 3849: 3837: 3828: 3822:, ed. (1832), 3816: 3810:, ed. (1837), 3804: 3798:, ed. (1847), 3792: 3786:, ed. (1843), 3780: 3775: 3758: 3749: 3744: 3734:, ed. (1908), 3728: 3722:, ed. (1922), 3715: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3703: 3702: 3689: 3680: 3663: 3654: 3641: 3632: 3619: 3610: 3602:Balfour Paul, 3595: 3583:Balfour Paul, 3576: 3564:Balfour Paul, 3557: 3545:Balfour Paul, 3535: 3515: 3507:Balfour Paul, 3500: 3488:Balfour Paul, 3481: 3456: 3443: 3430: 3411: 3395: 3386: 3377: 3364: 3347: 3334: 3325: 3312: 3303: 3290: 3272: 3255: 3238: 3225: 3212: 3199: 3182: 3165: 3152: 3135: 3118: 3105: 3076: 3059: 3042: 3026: 3009: 2988: 2975: 2959: 2946: 2929: 2912: 2895: 2878: 2861: 2844: 2831: 2818: 2801: 2780: 2767: 2758: 2749: 2740: 2731: 2722: 2713: 2701: 2688: 2671: 2658: 2641: 2624: 2604: 2588: 2584:Scotichronicon 2575: 2549: 2532: 2524:Scotichronicon 2507: 2494: 2477: 2464: 2448: 2435: 2422: 2409: 2396: 2383: 2366: 2354:Scotichronicon 2345: 2328: 2311: 2305:, p. 7; Oram, 2294: 2281: 2268: 2256:Balfour Paul, 2249: 2230: 2200: 2187: 2164: 2151: 2134: 2121: 2109: 2096: 2083: 2071:Balfour Paul, 2064: 2051: 2038: 2029: 2020: 2007: 1994: 1985: 1973: 1964: 1951: 1938: 1925: 1912: 1899: 1882: 1869: 1856: 1835: 1818: 1805: 1788: 1775: 1766: 1757: 1744: 1734: 1717: 1704: 1690: 1688: 1685: 1544: 1541: 1434:memoranda roll 1402:Earl of Ulster 1365:Meic Lochlainn 1336:John de Courcy 1331: 1328: 1276:Drumeceisuiene 1234: 1231: 1183:Crois Riaghail 1048: 1045: 986:arable farming 962:Firth of Clyde 904: 901: 882:and Justiciar 876:Hugh de Puiset 811: 808: 761:Threave Castle 706: 703: 639:Máel Coluim IV 546:Gall-Ghàidheil 499:, and most of 469:Northumberland 448: 445: 439:, produced at 404:Scotichronicon 392:John de Courcy 345:John of Fordun 303: 300: 250:John de Courcy 245:in the north. 182: 181: 175: 171: 170: 165: 161: 160: 157: 151: 150: 147: 141: 140: 137: 131: 130: 124: 120: 119: 116: 114: 110: 109: 97: 93: 92: 87: 83: 82: 77: 73: 72: 67: 63: 62: 59: 55: 54: 43: 35: 34: 26: 25: 17: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5317: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5278: 5276: 5273: 5271: 5268: 5267: 5265: 5258: 5244: 5238: 5237:James Stewart 5235: 5233: 5232:David Stewart 5230: 5228: 5225: 5224: 5222: 5220:Stewart earls 5218: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5206:David de Brus 5204: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5187: 5185: 5181: 5174: 5172: 5168: 5164: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5142: 5141: 5137: 5136: 5134: 5130: 5126: 5119: 5114: 5112: 5107: 5105: 5100: 5099: 5096: 5088: 5082: 5078: 5074: 5070: 5067: 5061: 5057: 5053: 5049: 5046: 5042: 5038: 5032: 5028: 5024: 5020: 5017: 5013: 5009: 5003: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4988: 4982: 4978: 4973: 4970: 4964: 4960: 4955: 4952: 4946: 4942: 4937: 4933: 4918: 4914: 4910: 4909: 4900: 4899: 4892: 4878: 4871: 4870: 4864: 4861: 4857: 4853: 4849: 4844: 4841: 4835: 4831: 4826: 4823: 4817: 4813: 4809: 4804: 4800: 4797:(1904–1914), 4796: 4792: 4789: 4783: 4779: 4775: 4771: 4768: 4762: 4758: 4754: 4753:Oram, Richard 4750: 4747: 4741: 4737: 4733: 4729: 4725: 4722: 4716: 4712: 4708: 4704: 4700: 4697: 4691: 4687: 4683: 4679: 4676: 4670: 4666: 4662: 4658: 4655: 4649: 4645: 4641: 4636: 4633: 4627: 4623: 4618: 4614: 4608: 4605: 4601: 4597: 4593: 4588: 4585: 4579: 4575: 4571: 4567: 4564: 4558: 4554: 4549: 4546: 4540: 4536: 4535:Melrose Abbey 4532: 4531:Oram, Richard 4527: 4524: 4520: 4516: 4510: 4506: 4502: 4497: 4494: 4488: 4484: 4480: 4476: 4473: 4467: 4463: 4459: 4455: 4452: 4446: 4442: 4438: 4434: 4431: 4425: 4421: 4416: 4413: 4407: 4403: 4398: 4394: 4379: 4375: 4371: 4370: 4361: 4360: 4353: 4349: 4344: 4341: 4335: 4330: 4329: 4322: 4318: 4303: 4299: 4295: 4294: 4285: 4284: 4277: 4274: 4270: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4254: 4250: 4245: 4242: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4211: 4207: 4203: 4199: 4196:(2): 111–80, 4195: 4191: 4187: 4186:Broun, Dauvit 4183: 4180: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4165:Broun, Dauvit 4162: 4159: 4153: 4149: 4145: 4144:Gesta Annalia 4141: 4140:Broun, Dauvit 4137: 4134: 4128: 4124: 4120: 4119:Broun, Dauvit 4116: 4102: 4098: 4094: 4087: 4086: 4082: 4078: 4077:Broun, Dauvit 4074: 4070: 4067: 4061: 4057: 4053: 4049: 4046: 4040: 4036: 4032: 4028: 4025: 4019: 4015: 4010: 4007: 4001: 3997: 3993: 3989: 3986: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3965: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3944: 3938: 3933: 3932: 3926: 3922: 3919: 3913: 3909: 3905: 3901: 3898: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3880: 3879: 3874: 3868: 3862: 3858: 3854: 3850: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3834: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3778: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3759: 3755: 3750: 3747: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3716: 3711: 3706: 3699: 3693: 3690: 3684: 3681: 3677: 3673: 3667: 3664: 3658: 3655: 3651: 3645: 3642: 3636: 3633: 3629: 3623: 3620: 3614: 3611: 3607: 3606: 3605:Scots Peerage 3599: 3596: 3592: 3588: 3587: 3586:Scots Peerage 3580: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3568: 3567:Scots Peerage 3561: 3558: 3554: 3550: 3549: 3548:Scots Peerage 3542: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3526: 3524: 3522: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3511: 3510:Scots Peerage 3504: 3501: 3498: 3494: 3492: 3491:Scots Peerage 3485: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3460: 3457: 3453: 3447: 3444: 3440: 3434: 3431: 3427: 3426: 3425:Scots Peerage 3421: 3415: 3412: 3408: 3402: 3400: 3396: 3390: 3387: 3381: 3378: 3374: 3368: 3365: 3361: 3360:Manx Kingship 3357: 3356:Early Sources 3351: 3348: 3344: 3338: 3335: 3329: 3326: 3322: 3319:Riley (ed.), 3316: 3313: 3307: 3304: 3300: 3294: 3291: 3285: 3283: 3281: 3279: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3259: 3256: 3252: 3248: 3242: 3239: 3235: 3229: 3226: 3222: 3216: 3213: 3209: 3203: 3200: 3196: 3192: 3186: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3169: 3166: 3163:, pp. 31, 177 3162: 3156: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3144:Melrose Abbey 3139: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3122: 3119: 3116:, pp. 46, 115 3115: 3109: 3106: 3103:, pp. 132–33. 3102: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3080: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3063: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3046: 3043: 3039: 3033: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3013: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2992: 2989: 2985: 2979: 2976: 2972: 2966: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2953:Innes (ed.), 2950: 2947: 2943: 2939: 2933: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2919:Innes (ed.), 2916: 2913: 2909: 2908:Melrose Abbey 2905: 2899: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2885:Innes (ed.), 2882: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2865: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2848: 2845: 2841: 2840:Melrose Abbey 2835: 2832: 2828: 2827:Early Sources 2822: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2808:Innes (ed.), 2805: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2789:Melrose Abbey 2784: 2781: 2777: 2771: 2768: 2762: 2759: 2753: 2750: 2744: 2741: 2735: 2732: 2726: 2723: 2717: 2714: 2708: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2697:Scots Peerage 2692: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2675: 2672: 2668: 2662: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2648:Innes (ed.), 2645: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2633:Early Sources 2628: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2616:Early Sources 2611: 2609: 2605: 2602:, pp. 103–104 2601: 2595: 2593: 2589: 2585: 2579: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2562: 2560: 2558: 2556: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2542: 2536: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2511: 2508: 2504: 2498: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2486:Early Sources 2481: 2478: 2474: 2473:Early Sources 2468: 2465: 2461: 2455: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2439: 2436: 2433:, pp. 100–101 2432: 2426: 2423: 2419: 2413: 2410: 2406: 2400: 2397: 2393: 2392:Early Sources 2387: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2370: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2349: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2332: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2315: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2298: 2295: 2291: 2285: 2282: 2278: 2272: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2260: 2259:Scots Peerage 2253: 2250: 2246: 2245: 2244:Scots Peerage 2240: 2234: 2231: 2227: 2226: 2225:Scots Peerage 2221: 2217: 2211: 2209: 2207: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2191: 2188: 2184: 2183: 2182:Scots Peerage 2178: 2174: 2168: 2165: 2161: 2160:Melrose Abbey 2155: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2138: 2135: 2131: 2125: 2122: 2116: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2100: 2097: 2093: 2087: 2084: 2080: 2076: 2075: 2074:Scots Peerage 2068: 2065: 2061: 2055: 2052: 2048: 2042: 2039: 2033: 2030: 2024: 2021: 2017: 2011: 2008: 2004: 1998: 1995: 1989: 1986: 1983: 1977: 1974: 1968: 1965: 1961: 1955: 1952: 1948: 1942: 1939: 1935: 1929: 1926: 1922: 1916: 1913: 1909: 1903: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1886: 1883: 1879: 1873: 1870: 1866: 1860: 1857: 1853: 1850:; see Broun, 1849: 1845: 1839: 1836: 1832: 1831:Gesta Annalia 1828: 1822: 1819: 1815: 1809: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1792: 1789: 1785: 1779: 1776: 1770: 1767: 1761: 1758: 1754: 1748: 1745: 1738: 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Barrow 1313:. Historians 1312: 1308: 1307:Dalmellington 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1291:Castle Bytham 1287: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1267: 1265: 1258: 1256: 1253:Carried off ( 1250: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1232: 1230: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1214: 1210: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1168: 1163: 1159: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1128: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1097: 1095: 1094:lex Anglicana 1091: 1087: 1081: 1076: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1053:Melrose Abbey 1046: 1044: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1013: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 987: 983: 979: 975: 971: 967: 963: 954: 950: 947: 942: 940: 936: 932: 928: 924: 923: 918: 913: 910: 902: 900: 898: 897:excommunicate 894: 890: 885: 881: 877: 872: 870: 866: 860: 857: 856:fait accompli 853: 848: 843: 839: 837: 833: 829: 823: 821: 817: 809: 807: 805: 801: 800:Paisley Abbey 797: 792: 790: 786: 785:G.W.S. Barrow 782: 778: 774: 770: 762: 757: 753: 751: 747: 743: 740: 736: 731: 728: 724: 720: 719:Gille-Brighde 711: 704: 702: 700: 696: 692: 688: 684: 680: 676: 670: 668: 667:Gallghaoidhel 664: 660: 656: 652: 648: 644: 640: 636: 632: 628: 624: 620: 616: 612: 608: 603: 599: 595: 591: 587: 583: 582:Gallgaidelaib 579: 575: 571: 567: 563: 559: 555: 551: 550:Gallwedienses 547: 543: 538: 536: 532: 528: 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 506: 502: 498: 494: 490: 486: 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 453: 446: 444: 442: 438: 434: 430: 426: 425: 420: 419: 414: 410: 406: 405: 400: 395: 393: 389: 385: 381: 377: 373: 369: 365: 361: 357: 352: 350: 346: 342: 338: 337: 332: 328: 323: 321: 317: 313: 309: 301: 299: 297: 294: 290: 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 262: 259: 255: 254:Melrose Abbey 251: 246: 244: 240: 236: 232: 228: 224: 220: 216: 213: 209: 205: 201: 196: 188: 180: 176: 172: 169: 166: 162: 158: 156: 155:Norman French 152: 148: 146: 142: 138: 136: 135:Modern Gaelic 132: 129: 125: 121: 115: 111: 98: 94: 88: 84: 81: 78: 74: 71: 68: 64: 60: 56: 51: 47: 41: 36: 33: 32: 27: 22: 16: 5257: 5227:John Stewart 5160: 5146: 5140:Gille Brigte 5138: 5076: 5055: 5026: 5023:Watt, D.E.R. 4997: 4994:Watt, D.E.R. 4976: 4958: 4940: 4920:. Retrieved 4906: 4897: 4884:, retrieved 4877:the original 4868: 4851: 4847: 4829: 4811: 4798: 4777: 4756: 4735: 4710: 4685: 4664: 4643: 4621: 4611: 4595: 4591: 4573: 4552: 4534: 4504: 4482: 4461: 4440: 4419: 4401: 4381:. Retrieved 4367: 4358: 4347: 4327: 4305:. Retrieved 4291: 4282: 4264: 4260: 4248: 4224: 4220: 4193: 4190:Innes Review 4189: 4168: 4147: 4143: 4122: 4108:, retrieved 4101:the original 4084: 4081: 4055: 4034: 4013: 3995: 3974: 3953: 3930: 3907: 3886: 3856: 3844: 3832: 3823: 3820:Innes, Cosmo 3811: 3808:Innes, Cosmo 3799: 3796:Innes, Cosmo 3787: 3784:Innes, Cosmo 3766: 3763:Watt, D.E.R. 3753: 3735: 3723: 3697: 3692: 3683: 3675: 3671: 3666: 3657: 3649: 3644: 3635: 3627: 3622: 3613: 3603: 3598: 3590: 3584: 3579: 3571: 3565: 3560: 3552: 3546: 3531:Robert Bruce 3530: 3508: 3503: 3496: 3489: 3484: 3473:Meic Uilleim 3468: 3459: 3451: 3450:Bain (ed.), 3446: 3438: 3437:Bain (ed.), 3433: 3423: 3419: 3418:Bain (ed.), 3414: 3406: 3405:Bain (ed.), 3389: 3380: 3372: 3367: 3359: 3355: 3350: 3342: 3341:Bain (ed.), 3337: 3328: 3320: 3315: 3306: 3298: 3293: 3267: 3263: 3258: 3250: 3246: 3241: 3233: 3228: 3220: 3215: 3207: 3202: 3194: 3190: 3185: 3180:, pp. 182–83 3177: 3173: 3168: 3160: 3155: 3147: 3143: 3138: 3130: 3126: 3121: 3113: 3108: 3100: 3096: 3093:Alexander II 3088: 3084: 3079: 3074:, pp. 326–27 3071: 3067: 3062: 3054: 3050: 3045: 3037: 3021: 3017: 3012: 3007:, pp. 35–36. 3004: 2996: 2991: 2983: 2978: 2970: 2954: 2949: 2941: 2937: 2932: 2924: 2920: 2915: 2910:, pp. 231–32 2907: 2903: 2898: 2890: 2886: 2881: 2873: 2869: 2864: 2856: 2852: 2847: 2839: 2834: 2826: 2821: 2813: 2809: 2804: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2783: 2778:, pp. 212–13 2775: 2770: 2761: 2752: 2743: 2734: 2725: 2716: 2696: 2691: 2686:, pp. 149–50 2683: 2679: 2674: 2666: 2661: 2653: 2649: 2644: 2636: 2632: 2627: 2619: 2615: 2599: 2583: 2578: 2570: 2566: 2544: 2540: 2535: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2510: 2502: 2497: 2489: 2485: 2480: 2472: 2467: 2459: 2443: 2438: 2430: 2425: 2420:, pp. 99–100 2417: 2412: 2404: 2399: 2391: 2386: 2378: 2374: 2369: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2348: 2340: 2336: 2331: 2323: 2319: 2314: 2306: 2302: 2297: 2289: 2284: 2276: 2271: 2266:, pp. 166–68 2263: 2257: 2252: 2242: 2238: 2233: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2196:Robert Bruce 2195: 2190: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2167: 2162:, pp. 231–32 2159: 2154: 2146: 2142: 2137: 2129: 2124: 2104: 2099: 2091: 2086: 2081:, pp. 139–40 2078: 2072: 2067: 2059: 2054: 2049:, pp. 93–96. 2046: 2041: 2032: 2023: 2018:, pp. 293–98 2015: 2010: 2002: 1997: 1988: 1981: 1976: 1967: 1962:, pp. 294–96 1959: 1954: 1946: 1941: 1933: 1928: 1923:, pp. 232–40 1920: 1915: 1910:, pp. 112–29 1907: 1902: 1894: 1890: 1885: 1877: 1872: 1867:, pp. 215–30 1864: 1859: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1838: 1830: 1826: 1821: 1813: 1808: 1800: 1796: 1791: 1783: 1778: 1769: 1760: 1755:, pp. 222–36 1752: 1747: 1737: 1732:, pp. 68–94. 1729: 1720: 1712: 1707: 1699: 1694: 1675: 1671: 1649: 1647: 1639:Cenn Cineoil 1638: 1634: 1631: 1623:Edward Bruce 1596: 1591: 1580:Hachinclohyn 1579: 1569: 1560: 1548: 1546: 1530: 1524: 1522: 1514: 1509: 1505: 1478: 1431: 1426: 1424: 1419: 1414: 1398:Hugh de Lacy 1390:Hugh de Lacy 1387: 1382: 1377: 1359:(Gofraidh), 1333: 1324: 1311:Vaudey Abbey 1299:Lincolnshire 1288: 1283: 1275: 1268: 1260: 1254: 1252: 1246: 1236: 1215: 1211: 1186: 1182: 1172: 1143: 1129: 1098: 1093: 1083: 1078: 1072: 1068: 1061:Maybothelbeg 1060: 1050: 1024: 1020: 1014: 1005: 1001: 998:Cenn Cineoil 997: 993: 989: 984:rather than 959: 945: 943: 938: 930: 920: 916: 914: 908: 906: 873: 861: 855: 851: 846: 844: 840: 824: 813: 803: 793: 773:consanguinus 772: 766: 750:Richard Oram 732: 716: 679:King David I 671: 666: 658: 654: 634: 630: 615:Wigtownshire 597: 585: 581: 577: 569: 549: 545: 542:Gall-Gaidhil 541: 539: 509: 464: 458: 432: 422: 416: 413:Dauvit Broun 408: 402: 398: 396: 376:Gall-Gaidhil 371: 367: 363: 359: 355: 353: 349:Walter Bower 334: 324: 305: 247: 208:Gall-Gaidhil 203: 199: 186: 185: 99:13 June 1250 61:c. 1186–1250 49: 29: 15: 5275:1250 deaths 5132:Native line 5073:Woolf, Alex 5052:Woolf, Alex 3236:, pp. 90–91 3223:, pp. 46–47 3001:Inchmarnock 2973:, pp. 63–64 2292:, pp. 87–92 2279:, pp. 12–13 2003:Martyrology 1897:, pp. 38–40 1786:, pp. 95–97 1676:Ane Accompt 1668:Cailean Mór 1656:Campbeltown 1592:Kirchemanen 1572:Gille Ruadh 1565:Tir Eoghain 1369:Tir Eoghain 1179:Crossraguel 1136:St Cuthbert 1109:chamberlain 1101:Máel Coluim 935:Cosmo Innes 643:Strathgryfe 631:Gallgaedelu 627:Ailsa Craig 570:Cenn Garadh 527:the Balkans 461:River Forth 314:) from the 312:cartularies 269:Crossraguel 210:prince and 202:; English: 66:Predecessor 5264:Categories 5183:Bruce line 4934:required.) 4854:: 109–26, 4598:: 115–22, 4395:required.) 4319:required.) 3707:References 3670:Boardman, 3650:Common Law 3626:Boardman, 3477:Gaelicised 3354:Anderson, 3066:Anderson, 2825:Anderson, 2631:Anderson, 2614:Anderson, 2565:Anderson, 2539:Anderson, 2514:Anderson, 2501:Anderson, 2484:Anderson, 2471:Anderson, 2390:Anderson, 2373:Anderson, 2335:Anderson, 2318:Anderson, 2214:Anderson, 2171:Anderson, 1511:Justiciar. 1410:St Andrews 1218:papal bull 1207:Ballantrae 1132:rectorship 1080:witnesses. 1006:de Carrick 1002:kenkynolle 994:capitaneus 970:River Doon 739:Cistercian 687:Strathnith 647:Cunningham 623:marginalia 594:The Rhinns 558:Galwegians 523:Alex Woolf 511:Clydesdale 501:Teviotdale 497:Liddesdale 489:Lauderdale 473:Cumberland 248:Allied to 103:1250-06-14 5161:(with 1. 5045:0143-9448 5016:0143-9448 4860:0036-9411 4604:0141-1292 4523:0261-9865 4273:1747-7387 4267:: 19–50, 4241:0332-1592 4210:0020-157X 4097:540108870 3672:Campbells 1982:et passim 1607:Mac Duibh 1561:Nicholaus 1493:Henry III 1489:disseised 1454:carucates 1375:affairs. 1367:ruler of 1295:Yorkshire 1280:Drumshang 1144:Barrebeth 1140:St Brigit 1121:Ailean II 1090:Mauchline 1063:("Little 1041:Turnberry 966:Irish Sea 964:, in the 814:In 1160, 723:Somhairle 659:ceathramh 635:Cend Tiri 584:) by the 535:Tweeddale 505:Annandale 481:the Merse 331:chronicle 265:monastery 198:; Latin: 187:Donnchadh 76:Successor 5075:(2007), 4776:(2000), 4755:(2004), 4663:(1993), 4613:Archives 4572:(1997), 4533:(2004), 4460:(1975), 4167:(2007), 4054:(1996), 4033:(2006), 3994:(2005), 3973:(2003), 3952:(1980), 3843:(1853), 3652:, p. 174 3529:Barrow, 3375:, p. 327 3371:Lawrie, 3362:, p. 132 3301:, p. 105 3299:Lordship 3262:Barrow, 3251:Lordship 3245:Barrow, 3234:Lordship 3219:Barrow, 3206:Barrow, 3189:Barrow, 3178:Scotland 3172:Barrow, 3159:Barrow, 3112:Barrow, 3101:Lordship 3085:Lordship 3024:, p. 123 3022:Parishes 3005:Parishes 2997:Parishes 2984:Parishes 2938:Parishes 2927:, p. 238 2851:Barrow, 2829:, p. 330 2816:, p. 104 2814:Lordship 2776:Lordship 2680:Lordship 2667:Lordship 2654:Lordship 2600:Lordship 2573:, p. 101 2571:Lordship 2547:, p. 101 2545:Lordship 2530:, p. 101 2528:Lordship 2505:, p. 289 2492:, p. 100 2490:Lordship 2462:, p. 100 2460:Lordship 2446:, p. 218 2442:Lawrie, 2431:Lordship 2418:Lordship 2405:Lordship 2394:, p. 286 2381:, p. 100 2379:Lordship 2362:Lordship 2341:Lordship 2324:Lordship 2307:Lordship 2301:Barrow, 2290:Lordship 2275:Barrow, 2239:Lordship 2220:Lordship 2194:Barrow, 2177:Lordship 2147:Lordship 2130:Lordship 2092:Lordship 2058:Barrow, 1945:Barrow, 1932:Barrow, 1906:Barrow, 1889:Barrow, 1876:Barrow, 1846:and the 1816:, p. 215 1784:Lordship 1715:, p. 643 1713:Scotland 1711:Duncan, 1599:Marjorie 1452:with 50 1303:Dumfries 1247:Chronica 1187:Suthblan 1057:saltpans 1037:Straiton 992:, Latin 978:Stinchar 976:and the 865:Carlisle 836:Lochlann 617:and the 598:Na Renna 590:Whithorn 566:Kingarth 562:Galloway 519:Flemings 409:Chronica 380:Henry II 372:Chronica 364:Chronica 308:Charters 293:Campbell 231:Galloway 212:Scottish 206:) was a 200:Duncanus 5202:(again) 4922:24 July 4886:24 July 4594:, 3rd, 4383:24 July 4307:24 July 4227:: 267, 4221:Peritia 4110:24 July 3698:History 3676:History 3469:An Àird 3057:, p. 47 3040:, p. 64 2995:Cowan, 2982:Cowan, 2936:Cowan, 2893:, p. 55 2407:, p. 99 2364:, p. 97 2343:, p. 97 2326:, p. 96 2309:, p. 93 2149:, p. 89 2132:, p. 89 1958:Woolf, 1919:Woolf, 1880:, p. 51 1863:Broun, 1833:, p. 17 1825:Broun, 1812:Broun, 1702:, p. 33 1698:Laing, 1559:(alias 1474:galleys 1450:Glenarm 1357:Guðrøðr 1353:Affrica 1348:Ireland 1340:Cumbria 1330:Ireland 1272:Greenan 1222:oratory 1167:Cluniac 1125:Campsie 1065:Maybole 1055:use of 1029:demesne 1021:Kethres 922:mormaer 889:Jocelin 796:Threave 777:Henry I 681:, with 611:Farines 493:Eskdale 477:Lothian 327:Ireland 302:Sources 261:nunnery 243:Carrick 215:magnate 117:unknown 108:unknown 101: ( 5083: 5062: 5043: 5033: 5014: 5004: 4983: 4965: 4947: 4928: 4858: 4836: 4818: 4784: 4763: 4742: 4717: 4692: 4671: 4650: 4628: 4602: 4580: 4559: 4541: 4521: 4511: 4489: 4468: 4447: 4426: 4408: 4389: 4336: 4313: 4271: 4239: 4208: 4175: 4154: 4129: 4095: 4062: 4041: 4020: 4002: 3981: 3960: 3939: 3914: 3893: 3863: 3773: 3742: 3373:Annals 3232:Oram, 3083:Oram, 3072:Annals 2799:, p. 3 2774:Oram, 2678:Oram, 2665:Oram, 2598:Oram, 2458:Oram, 2444:Annals 2429:Oram, 2416:Oram, 2403:Oram, 2358:Annals 2288:Oram, 2237:Oram, 2128:Oram, 2090:Oram, 2045:Oram, 1797:Annals 1635:Roland 1588:parson 1462:Ailean 1400:(then 1373:Ulster 1278:(i.e. 1255:rapuit 1203:Girvan 1199:Dailly 1156:Walter 1152:tithes 1086:grange 1069:Bethóc 974:Girvan 695:Fergus 677:under 655:cadrez 607:Rhinns 572:) and 529:. 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