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253:– illustrating that this survey involved fortunes for speculators and creditors of the Cromwell government. The allocations of land to Petty by the army in lieu of payment were alleged to be over-stated. His work in allocating the lands also made him open to attack and bribery by those seeking allocation of the limited lands.
97:. Parliamentarian soldiers who served in Ireland were entitled to an allotment of confiscated land there, in lieu of their wages, which the Parliament was unable to pay in full. Lands were also to be provided to a third group, settlers from England and America. The dispossessed landholders were to be transported to
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The details listed in terriers beside the maps include the names of previous owners of the lands, religious affiliation, land valuation, and area. The maps themselves include townland boundaries, and sometimes houses/castles, roads and fields. It listed the owners of land in 1640, and the new owners.
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After a delay, he received £18,532 for conducting the survey, to include payment for his assistants and general expenses. He had difficulty in collecting further agreed payments from the army, set at £3,181 which was still due in
February 1657. In payment of this debt, 9,665 acres (39 km) of
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which preceded the Down Survey was not a mapped survey, but provided detailed descriptions of boundaries and valuations of holdings, and its data was used as input to Petty's survey. William Petty, then physician-general to the Irish armies, on a leave of absence from his position as
Professor of
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to an inch (sometimes 80 perches), one perch equalling 21 feet (6.4 m), giving a scale of 1:251.43. This land survey method was used widely in rural
Ireland up to the nineteenth century and sorting out the precise details was left usually to the legal profession. As a result, the Down Survey is
135:
The survey employed about a thousand men and was performed with the promised rapidity, not by introducing new scientific methods, but by careful direction of the numerous subordinates among whom the labour was apportioned. Instead of using skilled surveyors, he completed the project using the
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was largely complete by 1652. This army was raised and supported by money advanced by private individuals, subscribed on the security of 2,500,000 acres (10,000 km) of Irish land to be confiscated at the close of the rebellion. This approach had been provided for by the 1642
276:, where he explained that he had defected from the ranks of scientists to do the survey "to demonstrate to the public the utility of a scientific training". He further explained his unpopularity by the need to attack him rather than directly attack his leader,
117:, had made a survey in 1653. Petty challenged Worsley's direction of the new survey, on the basis that Worsley intended to map only territorial boundaries, to the exclusion of the administrative boundaries introduced from 1520s for local government. The
229:
Petty also took a prominent share of the subsequent commissioners' work of evaluating and allotting the lands among the claimants, for which he was compensated by assigning him 6,000 acres (24 km) of land, and permission to buy £2,000 worth of
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offered to undertake a new survey which would be concluded quickly – within thirteen months, more cheaply than the surveyor-general's proposals, and with a general map of the country. The
Government signed a contract with Petty on 24 December 1654.
457:. It seems that set was en route by sea to London in 1707, when a French vessel captured the ship. The Bibliothèque Nationale subsequently received the maps. The Ordnance Survey Office, Dublin, published a facsimile set of these maps in 1908.
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now-unemployed – and cheap – soldiery. To enable unskilled soldiers to complete the task properly, Petty designed and built some simple instruments. The soldiers were only required to note the position of natural features and then use the
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Following investigations, he was acquitted, but a dissenting report accused him of magnifying the debt due to him by the army, of charging the army with debts not really due by them, and of reserving for himself portions of choice lands.
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in Dublin. The original Down Survey parish maps were lost in a fire in the
Surveyor General's office in 1711, and the authenticated copies of the parish maps were lost in fires at the Public Record Office in the
372:
Considering the time and circumstances in which these maps were executed, their accuracy is surprising, and they continue to be referred to as trustworthy evidence in courts of law even at the present day.
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49:, which had to be "laid down" with every measure. At the time of its creation, it was considered one of the most accurate maps, and the first British imperial survey of an entire conquered nation.
183:, with area figures for each of these categories. Coverage of other subjects was uneven. In the parish maps, dwelling houses with the owners' names are entered in each townland.
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holds a set of Down Survey parish maps copied by Daniel O'Brien in the 1780s and purchased in the 1960s from a firm of Dublin solicitors. These maps cover land in counties
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Petty gained fame for his Survey of
Ireland. It was the first British imperial survey of an entire conquered nation and Petty was given great credit as a pioneer by the
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Petty's other requests were reserved for consideration, and only after a delay of more than six months were his sureties released, and his claim for pay acknowledged.
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Sir
William Petty further used the Down Survey, supplemented with other materials from surveys in 1636–40 and 1656–9, as research towards his 1685 atlas publication,
292:. The results became part of his life's work. Petty also undertook the first complete mapping of Ireland in 1673 and the first census of Ireland, for the year 1659.
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On the completion of the work, the surveyor-general examined the survey but advised its rejection. A fresh committee accepted the survey on 17 May 1656.
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Although never convicted of mis-appropriation, charges related to the Irish survey pursued Petty for a number of years. In 1659, Petty published a
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was apparently called the "Down Survey" by Petty, either because the results were set down in maps or because the surveyors made use of
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The survey brought him considerable personal profit. As his reward, he acquired approximately 30,000 acres (120 km) in the
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As a result of the re-distribution, approximately 7,500 New Model Army veterans settled in
Ireland, in what became known as the
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of the parishes and townlands of
Ireland in Sir William Petty's MSS barony maps (c. 1655-9) and Hiberniae Delineatio (c. 1672)
437:. In some cases, summary barony maps have been included, though these barony maps are not necessarily fully comprehensive.
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The resulting maps of the parishes, all drawn by Petty himself, were preserved in the
Surveyor General's office and in the
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area, in southwest Ireland, and £9,000. This was described in Aubrey's Biography of Petty as "50,000 acres visible from
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The map of Ireland, made by Sir William Petty, is believed to be the most exact that ever yet was made of any country
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270:, in which he tried to refute the allegations of fraud by Sankey. This pamphlet was followed, in 1660, by an essay,
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Surviving parts of the maps have been published by the Irish Manuscripts Commission as DOWN SURVEY (1654–1656)
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In the 1650s, Petty was charged with fraud in the survey, by several members of Parliament, particularly
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A full account of the proceedings in connection with the survey, from the will of Petty, was edited by
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acquired another set in recent years. The best set, a personal set of Sir William Petty's, is in the
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314:". By 1658, when Cromwell died, Petty owned so much Irish land that he essentially owned what is now
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663:. Bartlett, Thomas,, Smith, Brendan, 1963-, Ohlmeyer, Jane H.,, Kelly, James, 1959-. Cambridge.
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Profitable and unprofitable land were distinguished, and there were abbreviated captions for
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provided for the confiscation and re-distribution of the lands of the defeated Irish, mostly
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Another group of maps from this Survey, the parish maps, are available in microfilm at UCC.
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Some copies of the original Down Survey barony maps survive. The Public Record Office of
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inside those boundaries was not usually detailed. The scale used was generally 40 Irish
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The National Library of Ireland Down Survey maps are issued on microfilm to readers.
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The history of the survey of Ireland, commonly called the Down survey, A.D. 1655–6
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To facilitate the re-distribution, an accurate survey of the lands was required.
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The method used was one of surveying the boundaries of parishes, the block of
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then laid the information collected onto gridded paper at a central office in
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Copies of a number of the parish maps survive in various institutions. The
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Generally speaking, it was a survey of confiscated land. Parts of counties
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Plantation acres: an historical survey of the Irish surveyor and his maps
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Trinity College Dublin have published the Down Survey maps on tcd.ie
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British Library – Maps collection, containing some Down Survey Maps
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and the edited barony maps are available in Special Collections at
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of Connaught (1636–1640) and were anyway not to be confiscated.
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The terms of reference of the survey are given in Andrews, J H
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of Ireland, which used reduced edited versions of his maps.
610:"Sir William Petty: A Study in English Economic Literature"
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Map of Ireland, 1695; based on Petty's Down Survey maps.
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Shapes of Ireland: Maps and their mapmakers 1564-1839
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Reflections upon some persons and things in Ireland
761:Landowner information also available per townland.
449:(PRONI) has a set in the Annesley Collection. The
202:were not surveyed as they had been covered in the
614:Publications of the American Economic Association
322:, Landsdowne being a new British name for Kerry.
481:, Ulster Historical Foundation, 1985, P 21–22.
34:of Ireland, carried out by English scientist,
759:Down Survey Maps: County, Barony, and Parish.
633:Petty, William (1851). Larcom, Thomas (ed.).
470:for the Irish Archaeological Society in 1851.
93:, who had opposed Cromwell and supported the
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705:J.H. Andrews, William Petty, pp.120-22, in
589:Learn how and when to remove this message
101:and to some counties in other provinces.
552:This article includes a list of general
765:Clare County Library – Down Survey maps
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639:. Dublin: Irish Archaeological Society.
361:Petty also edited the parish maps into
140:provided to measure distances. Skilled
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87:Act for the Settlement of Ireland 1652
329:, who knew Petty well, spoke of him:
160:considered to be about 87% accurate.
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267:Proceedings between Sankey and Petty
608:Bevan, Wilson Lloyd (August 1894).
558:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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660:The Cambridge history of Ireland
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455:Bibliothèque Nationale de France
179:, mountain and several kinds of
815:Historical geography of Ireland
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709:Geography Publications, 1997
383:National Library of Ireland
221:land were allotted to him.
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225:Subsequent land allocation
210:Survey results and payment
124:Brasenose College, Oxford
486:Publications of the maps
791:(Yann M. Goblet, 1932).
724:The Down Survey Project
573:more precise citations.
356:Irish Civil War of 1922
325:The English gentleman,
67:Irish Rebellion of 1641
728:Trinity College Dublin
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239:Cromwellian Plantation
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720:"Historical Context"
504:Hiberniae Delineatio
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461:Related publications
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297:Hiberniae Delineatio
245:Allegations of fraud
71:Cromwellian conquest
57:In August 1649, the
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341:Resulting documents
318:and held the title
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441:Barony maps
377:Parish maps
354:during the
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122:Anatomy at
28:Down Survey
799:Categories
624:19 October
554:references
535:References
232:debentures
53:Background
733:11 August
687:cite book
679:987437441
645:Citations
427:Westmeath
423:Waterford
419:Tipperary
188:Roscommon
153:townlands
95:royalists
61:, led by
518:See also
415:Kilkenny
407:Longford
403:Limerick
262:pamphlet
177:woodland
99:Connacht
602:Sources
567:improve
479:Belfast
435:Wicklow
431:Wexford
399:Leitrim
308:Kenmare
181:pasture
157:perches
78:of the
69:. This
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556:, but
395:Offaly
365:maps.
363:barony
327:Evelyn
192:Galway
169:meadow
165:arable
146:Dublin
113:, the
43:survey
30:was a
778:Other
411:Laois
391:Meath
301:atlas
196:Clare
138:chain
751:Maps
735:2013
693:link
675:OCLC
665:ISBN
626:2016
433:and
387:Cork
200:Mayo
198:and
85:The
41:The
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508:UCC
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