1257:, every year it receives over 2,500 reports of bride-burning. The Indian National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) reports that there were 8,331 dowry death cases registered in India in 2011. Incidents of dowry deaths during the year 2008 (8,172) have increased by 14.4 per cent over the 1998 level (7,146), while India's population grew at 17.6% over the 10-year period. The accuracy of these figures have received a great deal of scrutiny from critics who believe dowry deaths are consistently under-reported.
691:
1418:), 2009, at a press conference in Washington D.C., UNICEF's Executive Director, Ann M. Veneman, publicly condemned dowry deaths and the legislative systems which allow the culprits to go unpunished. In 2009, UNICEF launched its first Strategic Priority Action Plan for Gender Equality, which was followed by a second Action Plan in 2010. The aim of these plans has been to make gender equality a higher priority within all international UNICEF programs and functions.
1351:(Bengali: যৌতুক), and a significant cause of deaths as well. Between 0.6 and 2.8 brides per year per 100,000 women are reported to die because of dowry-related violence in recent years. The methods of death include suicides, fire and other forms of domestic violence. In 2013, Bangladesh reported 4,470 women were victims of dowry-related violence over a 10-month period, or dowry violence victimized about 7.2 brides per year per 100,000 women in Bangladesh.
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25:
1546:. Around 87,000 women were killed around the world last year and some 50,000 – or 58 per cent – were killed at the hands of intimate partners or family members. This amounts to some six women being killed every hour by people they know, according to new research published by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC).
1335:, 2008, restricts dowry to PKR 30,000 (~US$ 300) while the total value of bridal gifts is limited to PKR 50,000. The law made demands for a dowry by the groom's family illegal, as well as public display of dowry before or during the wedding. However, this and similar anti-dowry laws of 1967, 1976 and 1998, as well as
1303:
questioned the effectiveness of these laws, writing, "courts frequently ended up offering them compulsory counseling, which entails undesired results and narrow options," and noting "Laws could neither address the immediate needs of victims nor could offer practical remedies in terms of medical aid,
1327:
There is some controversy on the dowry death rates in
Pakistan. Some publications suggest Pakistan officials do not record dowry deaths, and that the death rates are culturally under-reported and may be significantly higher. For example, Nasrullah reports total average annual stove burn rates of 33
1241:
Dowry deaths relate to a bride's suicide or killing committed by her husband and his family soon after the marriage because of their dissatisfaction with the dowry. It is typically the culmination of a series of prior domestic abuses by the husband's family. Most dowry deaths occur when the young
1435:
has also criticized the Indian government for its inability to make any progress towards eliminating dowry deaths and its lackluster performance for bringing its perpetrators to justice in 2011. In 2004, the Global Fund for Women launched its "Now or Never" funding project. This campaign hopes to
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of 1961 prohibits the request, payment or acceptance of a dowry, "as consideration for the marriage", where "dowry" is defined as a gift demanded or given as a precondition for a marriage. Gifts given without a precondition are not considered dowry, and are legal. Asking or giving of dowry can be
1439:
A relatively smaller organization, V-Day, has dedicated itself to ending violence against women. By arranging events such as plays, art shows, and workshops in communities and college campuses across the United States, V-Day raises funds and educates the public on topics of gender-based violence
1226:
India reports the highest total number of dowry deaths with 8,391 such deaths reported in 2010, meaning there are 1.4 deaths per 100,000 women. Female dowry deaths account for 40 to 50 percent of all female homicides recorded annually in India, representing a stable trend over the period 1999 to
1429:, in an effort to educate the public, has cited dowry deaths as a major contributor to global violence against women. Also, in their annual human rights evaluations, Amnesty International criticizes India for the occurrences of dowry deaths as well as the impunity provided to its perpetrators.
1307:
Although Indian laws against dowries have been in effect for decades, they have been largely criticised as being ineffective. The practice of dowry deaths and murders continues to take place unchecked in many parts of India and this has further added to the concerns of enforcement.
1249:
India has by far the highest number of dowry-related deaths in the world according to Indian
National Crime Record Bureau. In 2012, 8,233 dowry death cases were reported across India. Dowry issues cause 1.4 deaths per year per 100,000 women in India.
575:
1323:
Dowry deaths have been rising in
Pakistan for decades. Dowry-related violence and deaths have been widespread since Pakistan became an independent nation. Pakistan is predicted to have nearly 2,000 dowry-related deaths per year.
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raise funds domestically and consequently finance the efforts of feminist organizations across the globe – including Indian women's rights activists. As of 2007 the Now or Never fund has raised and distributed about $ 7 million.
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550:
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woman, unable to bear the harassment and torture, dies by suicide. Most of these suicides are by hanging, poisoning or by fire. Sometimes the woman is killed by being set on fire by her husband or inlaws; this is known as "
1246:", and is sometimes disguised as suicide or accident. Death by burning of Indian women has been more frequently attributed to dowry conflicts. In dowry deaths, the groom's family is the perpetrator of murder or suicide.
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1282:(US$ 60, £52 or A$ 90). It replaced several pieces of anti-dowry legislation that had been enacted by various Indian states. Murder and suicide under compulsion are addressed by India's criminal penal code.
4000:
606:
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1367:). Dowry-related violence and deaths in Iran are reported in Iranian newspapers, some of which appear in English media. Kiani et al., in a 2014 study, report dowry deaths in Iran. Iranian director
1339:
of 1964 have proven to be unenforceable. Activists such as SACHET, Pakistan claim the police refuse to register and prosecute allegations of dowry-related domestic violence and fatal injuries.
1223:. Dowry deaths are found predominantly in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Iran. For context, dowry are the material exchange that the brides give the groom's side in the course of a wedding.
243:
560:
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1414:(UNICEF), though predominately focused on improving the quality of education available to children globally, has also taken a proactive stance against dowry death. On March 9 (
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208:
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Reports of incidents of dowry deaths have attracted public interest and sparked a global activist movement seeking to end the practice. Of this activist community, the
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1320:) is part of the culture, with over 95% of marriages in every region of Pakistan involving transfer of a dowry from the bride's family to a groom's family.
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3517:
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1195:
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Subhani, D., Imtiaz, M., & Afza, S. (2009), To estimate an equation explaining the determinants of Dowry, MePRC Journal, University of Munich, Germany
611:
555:
536:
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short-stay homes, creche facilities, psychological support, shelter homes or economic or material assistance to the women which they need the most."
4543:
4330:
1060:
2660:
1562:
Kiani et al. (2014), A Survey on
Spousal Abuse of 500 Victims in Iran, American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, 35(1):50–54, March 2014
527:
1572:
1299:(PWDVA), a woman can put a stop to the dowry harassment by approaching a domestic violence protection officer. After conducting field research,
4325:
3624:
1777:
1050:
278:
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3990:
1978:
1876:
1392:
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The United
Nations has been an advocate for women's rights since its inception in 1945, explicitly stating so in its Charter's Preamble, the
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3115:
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43:
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330:
61:
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2424:
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1041:
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Meghana Shah, "Rights under fire: The inadequacy of international human rights instruments in combating dowry murder in India."
4022:
3711:
3706:
3323:
3039:
2916:
2304:, SACHET (Pakistan); also see Dr. A.Q. Khan's July 2003 foreword on widespread Dowry problems to the Prime Minister of Pakistan
1188:
1122:
643:
446:
441:
78:
1723:
1703:
1488:
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2873:
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565:
2398:"Boston Globe Summiting Provincetown to address sexual harassment, racism, and pay disparity in the entertainment industry"
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1939:
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987:
941:
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201:
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per 100,000 women in
Pakistan, of which 49% were intentional, or an average annual rate of about 16 per 100,000 women.
3457:
3361:
3222:
3024:
2955:
4317:
2635:
709:
2336:
1955:
Yasmeen, S. (1999) "Islamisation and democratisation in
Pakistan: Implications for women and religious minorities",
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171:
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3217:
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770:
490:
383:
161:
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Indian women's rights activists campaigned for more than 40 years for laws to contain dowry deaths, such as the
4558:
4198:
3825:
3805:
3419:
3404:
3343:
3280:
3227:
3151:
1918:
Spatz, Melissa (1991). "A "Lesser" Crime: A Comparative Study of Legal
Defenses for Men Who Kill Their Wives".
917:
485:
130:
4290:
2039:
739:
2707:
2686:
2040:
Hussain, R. (1999) "Community perceptions of reasons for preference for consanguineous marriages in
Pakistan"
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4127:
3932:
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3527:
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3017:
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342:
308:
2808:, by Kamakshya Prasad, Jawaid Ahmad Khan, Hari Nath Upadhyaya. Published by Modern Law Publications, 2000.
1976:
Ibraz, T. S., Fatima, A., & Aziz, N. (1993) "Uneducated and
Unhealthy: The Plight of Women in Pakistan"
4459:
4250:
4219:
3647:
3573:
3012:
2939:
2244:
Miller, B. D. (1984). "Daughter neglect, women's work, and marriage: Pakistan and Bangladesh compared"]".
626:
86:
2668:
1679:
Oldenburg, V. T. (2002). Dowry murder: The imperial origins of a cultural crime. Oxford University Press.
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1395:(adopted in 1948), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (adopted in 1966), the
1112:
982:
894:
335:
303:
273:
263:
176:
1975:
1899:
Manchandia, Purna (2005). "Practical Steps towards Eliminating Dowry and Bride-Burning in India".
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2116:
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872:
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325:
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including dowry death. Full-length plays on dowry deaths include 'The Bride Who Would Not Burn'
596:
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1518:
4538:
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4111:
3902:
3795:
3696:
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3072:
2851:
2837:
2823:
2809:
2795:
2781:
2683:"Her Majesty Queen Noor and Nancy Pelosi Join GFW to Announce Endowment for the World's Women"
2261:
2209:
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2022:
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1840:
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1368:
1010:
931:
821:
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522:
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2947:
2402:
2253:
2199:
2108:
2069:
2012:
1960:
1756:
1654:
1383:(UN) has played a pivotal role in combating violence against women, including dowry deaths.
1163:
1153:
992:
495:
480:
357:
191:
166:
2097:"Age and Social State at Marriage, Karachi, Pakistan 1961-64 and 1980: A Comparative Study"
1740:
Bride-burning claims hundreds in India: Practice sometimes disguised as suicide or accident
4439:
4390:
4260:
4152:
4086:
3969:
3959:
3907:
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3815:
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3775:
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1982:
1943:
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829:
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517:
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388:
347:
288:
258:
228:
135:
4255:
2428:
2227:
Juliette Terzieff (October 27, 2002) "Pakistan's Fiery Shame: Women Die in Stove Deaths"
4385:
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2017:
2000:
1519:
PAKISTAN: The social injustice behind the practice of dowry-when greed dictates society
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1005:
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3728:
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3250:
1449:
1243:
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110:
100:
2559:"Statement of UNICEF Executive Director Ann M. Veneman on International Women's Day"
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3681:
3156:
1719:
1700:
1495:
974:
843:
838:
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426:
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268:
2768:, by Paras Diwan, Peeyushi Diwan. Published by Deep & Deep Publications, 1987.
2257:
1937:
Zeba Sathar, Cynthia Lloyd, et al. (2001–2002) "Adolescents and Youth in Pakistan"
4395:
4380:
4177:
4162:
4147:
3942:
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3666:
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2494:. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner on Human Rights. Archived from
2314:
1300:
997:
965:
960:
912:
714:
621:
460:
421:
373:
298:
283:
2562:
2294:
2188:"Newspaper reports: a source of surveillance for burns among women in Pakistan"
1739:
1227:
2016. Pakistan is predicted to have nearly 2000 dowry deaths occur every year.
4485:
4365:
4245:
2794:, by Geetanjali Mukherjee. Published by Indian Publishers Distributors, 1999.
2732:
2495:
2470:
2133:
1964:
950:
802:
140:
1936:
4464:
4063:
3917:
3912:
2836:, by Veena Talwar Oldenburg. Published by Oxford University Press US, 2002.
2538:"Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women"
2204:
2187:
1399:(also adopted in 1966) (these three documents are known collectively as the
955:
682:
248:
233:
145:
125:
2878:
2213:
2026:
1795:
1666:
1371:'s 2018 film "Endless?" addresses trauma related to a dowry death in Iran.
2639:
2265:
2112:
1405:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
4469:
4431:
4224:
3800:
3760:
3616:
3255:
2908:
2848:
Death by Fire: Sati, Dowry, Death, and Female Infanticide in Modern India
2333:
1573:"Dowry Deaths Make Significant Share Of Female Killings In India: Report"
1158:
812:
788:
115:
2762:, by Veena Talwar Oldenburg. Published by Oxford University Press, 2002.
2147:
2120:
2096:
3770:
3077:
2449:
1817:"Dowry-related deaths break religious, caste and geographical barriers"
1605:
Anderson, Siwan (2000), "The economics of dowry payments in Pakistan",
1216:
470:
2584:"UNICEF Strategic Priority Action Plan for Gender Equality: 2010–2012"
2081:
2057:
3820:
3810:
2230:
1212:
511:
2516:
2136:
Refworld, A United Nations initiative (August 2011), see pages 16–21
1866:
1275:
punished by an imprisonment of up to six months, or a fine of up to
2894:
Leaders of community call for an end to lavish wedding celebrations
2780:, by Kalpana Roy. Published by Anmol Publications PVT. LTD., 1999.
2073:
34:
provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject
3328:
2711:
1618:
Jane Rudd, "Dowry-murder: An example of violence against women."
1494:. National Crime Records Bureau, India. 2013-01-16. Archived from
1220:
2519:. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
2473:. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
3880:
2778:
Encyclopaedia of violence against women and dowry death in India
2492:"International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights"
1260:
Dowry deaths in India are not limited to any specific religion.
903:
213:
4036:
3620:
2912:
2148:"To estimate an equation explaining the determinants of Dowry"
1743:
1397:
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
18:
1868:
Women and Domestic Violence Law in India: A Quest for Justice
4032:
2850:, by Mala Sen. Published by Rutgers University Press, 2002.
2820:
Women in South Asia: Dowry Death and Human Rights Violations
2774:, by Poornima Advani. Published by Gopushi Publishers, 1994.
2386:
Public Broadcasting Service, Washington DC (August 16, 2010)
2371:
2324:, South Asia Research, November vol. 26 no. 3, pages 249–268
1550:
Public Broadcasting Service, Washington DC (August 16, 2010)
2822:, by Pramod Kumar Mishra. Published by Authorspress, 2000.
2279:
Ashraf Javed (June 9, 2013) "Done to a daughter over dowry"
1316:
In Pakistan, the giving and expectation of a dowry (called
2904:
Most dowry victims in State of Punjab(India) are poisoned
2146:
Imtiaz, Subhani, Muhammad; Sarwat, Afza (10 April 2018).
1946:
pp.92–116, Population Council (with support from UNICEF)
1359:
Dowry is an ancient custom of Persia, and locally called
1609:, Tilburg University Press, Center for Economic Research
39:
2834:
Dowry murder: the imperial origins of a cultural crime
2760:
Dowry Murder: The Imperial Origins of a Cultural Crime
2471:"International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights"
2384:
Isfahan man kills daughter over inability to pay dowry
1784:
Census of India, Government of India, New Delhi (2012)
1548:
Isfahan man kills daughter over inability to pay dowry
2883:
2058:"Attitudes of Pakistani Students toward Family Life"
4478:
4430:
4423:
4409:
4358:
4316:
4273:
4233:
4207:
4186:
4120:
4077:
4070:
3978:
3856:
3654:
3541:
3496:
3443:
3380:
3342:
3309:
3236:
3185:
3129:
3086:
3063:
2946:
1529:
1527:
1296:
Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005
209:
Post-assault treatment of victims of sexual assault
2362:, University of Chicago, See explanation for Jahiz
4455:Boys are stupid, throw rocks at them! controversy
2874:Indian National Crime Bureau Data on Dowry Deaths
2343:Mahfuzur Rahman, Dhaka Courier, January 26, 2012
2315:Dowry in Bangladesh: Compromizing Women's Rights
1720:http://ncrb.nic.in/CD-CII2011/Statistics2011.pdf
4048:
3632:
2924:
1189:
651:
8:
2884:– National Commission for Women, (NCW) India
2661:"India: Disappointing Year for Human Rights"
2171:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1558:
1556:
1537:United Nations (May 2014), Table 6 page xiii
2450:"The Universal Declaration of Human Rights"
1645:Kumar, Virendra (Feb 2003). "Burnt wives".
1333:Dowry and Marriage Gifts (Restriction) Bill
4427:
4313:
4074:
4055:
4041:
4033:
3639:
3625:
3617:
2931:
2917:
2909:
2095:Korson, J. Henry; Sabzwari, M. A. (1984).
1196:
1182:
1142:
1096:
1030:
759:
703:
669:
658:
644:
73:
2879:Indian newspaper articles on Dowry Deaths
2869:Article by women's activist Madhu Kishwar
2425:"Charter of the United Nations: Preamble"
2203:
2016:
1957:South Asia Journal of South Asian Studies
62:Learn how and when to remove this message
3528:Social impact of Indian television drama
1633:Connecticut Journal of International Law
2889:Death of two women due to dowry demands
2685:. Global Fund For Women. Archived from
2638:. Amnesty International. Archived from
1483:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1049:
1033:
853:
762:
681:
583:
535:
408:
365:
153:
92:
85:
2164:
1489:"National Crime Statistics (page 196)"
3991:Prosecution of gender-targeted crimes
2766:Dowry and Protection to Married Women
2101:Journal of Comparative Family Studies
1393:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
592:Prosecution of gender-targeted crimes
44:providing more context for the reader
7:
2772:Crime in Marriages, a Broad Spectrum
2667:. Human Rights Watch. Archived from
2615:"Violence Against Women Information"
1521:Asian Human Rights Commission (2014)
1375:International efforts at eradication
1211:are deaths of married women who are
16:Female homicide to extort more dowry
2334:Women's Safety: Ghosts on the Prowl
2001:"Women's mental health in Pakistan"
1871:. London: Routledge. pp. 1–2.
1620:Women's studies international forum
2708:"Dowry Deaths & Bride Burning"
14:
1291:Section 498a of Indian Penal Code
4508:
4507:
4017:
4016:
2427:. United Nations. Archived from
1815:Devadas, David (June 30, 1988).
1535:Bangladesh Report 2014 – Annexes
1123:Category:Men's organizations
689:
23:
4544:Violence against women in India
3352:Proposed states and territories
1987:The Pakistan Development Review
1347:In Bangladesh, dowry is called
1412:United Nations Children's Fund
1253:According to a 1996 report by
1:
4445:Domestic violence against men
2396:King, Loren (29 March 2018).
2258:10.1080/01459740.1984.9965895
1920:Colum. J. L. & Soc. Probs
1775:Decadal Growth Rates in India
1659:10.1016/s0305-4179(02)00235-8
1293:(enacted in 1983). Under the
537:International legal framework
4143:Paternal rights and abortion
4092:Gender marking in job titles
3848:Violence against prostitutes
2044:Journal of Biosocial Science
1730:, Government of India (2011)
1710:, Government of India (2011)
1691:, Government of India (2011)
1689:Provisional 2011 Census Data
1401:International Bill of Rights
1289:1961 and the more stringent
988:Paternal rights and abortion
942:Violence against LGBT people
632:Violence against LGBT people
506:Online gender-based violence
202:Violence against prostitutes
3116:Water supply and sanitation
2899:Dowry Disgrace and Suicides
2186:Nasrullah; Muazzam (2010).
1901:Tul. J. Int'l & Comp. L
1118:Category:Men's movement
4575:
4303:Mythopoetic men's movement
3003:Public distribution system
2372:Persian English Dictionary
2295:(2006) Fight Against Dowry
2134:Operational Note: Pakistan
2062:Marriage and Family Living
1722:Crime statistics in India
1455:Domestic violence in India
1234:
881:Circumcision controversies
863:Discrimination against men
730:Mythopoetic men's movement
172:Sexual violence statistics
4503:
4286:Men's liberation movement
4121:Marriage and reproduction
4014:
3734:Female genital mutilation
3518:Films about social issues
2353:Steingass Persian-English
2339:November 9, 2014, at the
2300:November 8, 2014, at the
1965:10.1080/00856408708723381
1757:Point No.17, Dowry Deaths
1726:January 29, 2013, at the
1706:January 29, 2013, at the
1701:Crime statistics in India
1416:International Women's Day
1103:Index of masculism topics
771:Sex differences in humans
735:Men's liberation movement
491:Intimate partner violence
384:Female genital mutilation
162:Causes of sexual violence
4318:Fathers' rights movement
4199:Sex differences in crime
3826:Islamic religious police
3806:Murder of pregnant women
2589:. UNICEF. Archived from
2561:. UNICEF. Archived from
2192:Journal of Public Health
1841:"Section 1-4, Dowry Act"
918:False accusation of rape
710:Fathers' rights movement
4549:Women's rights in India
4416:International Men's Day
4308:Men Going Their Own Way
4128:Marriage of convenience
3836:Kano State Hisbah Corps
3662:Abuse during childbirth
2986:National Pension System
2710:. V-Day. Archived from
2617:. Amnesty International
2152:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de
1465:Kerala snakebite murder
1149:International Men's Day
343:Secondary victimisation
167:Child sexual initiation
154:Sexual assault and rape
4460:Conflict tactics scale
4251:Masculine beauty ideal
4220:Testosterone poisoning
3648:Violence against women
3324:Caste-related violence
3040:Universal basic income
2940:Social issues in India
2056:Shah, Khalida (1960).
2046:Vol.31 No.4 pp.449–461
1989:Vol.32 No.4 pp.905–915
1959:22(s1), pages 183–195
627:Violence against women
87:Violence against women
4291:Men's rights movement
4173:Tender years doctrine
4102:Hegemonic masculinity
4079:Gender discrimination
3869:Campus sexual assault
3523:Freedom of expression
2313:Shahnaz Huda (2006),
2205:10.1093/pubmed/fdp102
2113:10.3138/jcfs.15.2.257
1865:Nigam, Shalu (2020).
1460:Dowry system in India
1427:Amnesty International
1422:Private organizations
1287:Dowry Prohibition Act
1271:Dowry Prohibition Act
1237:Dowry system in India
1235:Further information:
794:Hegemonic masculinity
740:Men's rights movement
501:Marry-your-rapist law
496:Marriage by abduction
353:Virgin cleansing myth
4215:Human male sexuality
3955:Cybersex trafficking
3857:Sexual assault, rape
3841:Polisi Syariat Islam
3372:Separatist movements
2792:Dowry Death in India
2246:Medical Anthropology
1219:over disputes about
1093:Lists and categories
868:Violence against men
776:Human male sexuality
486:Forced sterilisation
182:Cybersex trafficking
4450:Forced circumcision
4107:Occupational sexism
3986:Istanbul Convention
3874:Mass sexual assault
3791:Forced prostitution
3410:Illegal immigration
3055:Widening income gap
2517:"International Law"
1363:(sometimes spelled
1113:Category:Masculists
983:Reproductive rights
895:Forced circumcision
177:Forced prostitution
40:improve the article
3756:Female infanticide
3362:Religious violence
3223:Female infanticide
3208:Child prostitution
3025:Standard of living
2358:2017-03-24 at the
2320:2015-04-26 at the
1981:2014-11-07 at the
1942:2014-03-12 at the
1794:Caleekal, Anuppa.
1780:2013-10-05 at the
1762:2011-06-28 at the
1747:, August 18, 1996.
1433:Human Rights Watch
1108:Category:Masculism
890:Genital mutilation
873:Male expendability
417:Narcissistic abuse
4554:Marriage in India
4534:Domestic violence
4521:
4520:
4499:
4498:
4354:
4353:
4269:
4268:
4112:Sexual harassment
4030:
4029:
3796:Human trafficking
3697:Domestic violence
3614:
3613:
3400:Human trafficking
3213:Child trafficking
3142:Domestic violence
3111:Natural disasters
3106:Manual scavenging
2966:Farmers' suicides
1878:978-1-138-36614-5
1369:Maryam Zahirimehr
1206:
1205:
1171:
1170:
1130:
1129:
1084:
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1018:
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1011:Toxic masculinity
932:Domestic violence
822:Gender neutrality
756:Topics and issues
747:
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668:
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523:Toxic masculinity
455:Droit du seigneur
432:Domestic violence
187:Human trafficking
72:
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4410:Remembrance days
4314:
4168:Stay-at-home dad
4075:
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3786:Forced pregnancy
3641:
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3606:Police brutality
3395:Groom kidnapping
3357:Ethnic relations
3218:Female foeticide
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2005:World Psychiatry
1999:Niaz, U (2004).
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4391:Michael Messner
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4153:Paternity fraud
4116:
4087:Gender equality
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3970:Sexual violence
3960:Sex trafficking
3852:
3831:Guidance Patrol
3781:Forced marriage
3776:Forced abortion
3739:Gishiri cutting
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3405:Illegal housing
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3281:Menstrual taboo
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3228:Street children
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3152:Family planning
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900:
877:
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830:Men in feminism
826:
817:
798:
781:Gender equality
757:
749:
748:
720:HimToo movement
701:
664:
617:Sex and the law
597:Women's shelter
518:Sexual bullying
476:Forced marriage
466:Forced abortion
389:Gishiri cutting
358:Widow cleansing
348:Sexual violence
68:
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3979:Related topics
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3965:Sexual slavery
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3271:Women's health
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3101:Climate change
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2999:
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2956:Communications
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2863:External links
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2671:on 2014-11-08.
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2252:(2): 109–126.
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2107:(2): 257–279.
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2068:(2): 156–161.
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584:Related topics
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4401:Bettina Arndt
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4346:United States
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4241:Herbivore men
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4194:Men's shelter
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4138:Paternal bond
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4006:Serial rapist
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3996:November 25th
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3898:Types of rape
3896:
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3886:and pregnancy
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3771:Force-feeding
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3729:Honor killing
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3712:and pregnancy
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3677:Bride burning
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3596:Superstitions
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3574:Homosexuality
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3251:Bride burning
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2857:
2856:0-8135-3102-0
2853:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2842:0-19-515071-6
2839:
2835:
2832:
2829:
2828:81-7273-039-X
2825:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2814:81-87629-04-5
2811:
2807:
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2801:
2800:81-7341-091-7
2797:
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2790:
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2786:81-261-0343-4
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2773:
2770:
2767:
2764:
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2758:
2757:
2753:
2738:
2734:
2728:
2725:
2714:on 2013-06-03
2713:
2709:
2703:
2700:
2689:on 2014-11-08
2688:
2684:
2678:
2675:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2656:
2653:
2642:on 2012-09-10
2641:
2637:
2631:
2628:
2616:
2610:
2607:
2596:on 2015-09-10
2592:
2585:
2579:
2576:
2565:on 2012-05-10
2564:
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2551:
2539:
2533:
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2498:on 2012-03-03
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2431:on 2012-10-05
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1796:"Dowry Death"
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1512:
1501:on 2014-06-20
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1450:Bride burning
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1256:
1255:Indian police
1251:
1247:
1245:
1244:bride burning
1238:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1215:or driven to
1214:
1210:
1199:
1194:
1192:
1187:
1185:
1180:
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1177:
1176:
1165:
1164:Men's studies
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1076:United States
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923:Rape of males
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845:
844:Anti-feminism
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566:Belém do Pará
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484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
471:Force-feeding
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
456:
452:
448:
447:and pregnancy
445:
443:
440:
438:
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366:Disfigurement
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192:Fetish slaves
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111:Honor killing
109:
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101:Bride burning
99:
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80:
76:
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55:
45:
41:
35:
32:This article
30:
21:
20:
4371:Jack Donovan
4256:Men's health
4021:
4001:February 6th
3903:by deception
3766:Foot binding
3744:Infibulation
3718:
3692:Dating abuse
3682:Bride buying
3586:Human rights
3542:Other issues
3488:Tuberculosis
3473:Malnutrition
3311:Caste system
3286:Prostitution
3260:
3198:Child labour
3157:Joint family
3147:Dowry system
3137:Cohabitation
3096:Conservation
3050:Unemployment
3045:Urbanisation
2981:Debt bondage
2976:Land reforms
2847:
2833:
2819:
2805:
2791:
2777:
2771:
2765:
2759:
2740:. Retrieved
2736:
2727:
2716:. Retrieved
2712:the original
2702:
2691:. Retrieved
2687:the original
2677:
2669:the original
2664:
2655:
2644:. Retrieved
2640:the original
2630:
2619:. Retrieved
2609:
2598:. Retrieved
2591:the original
2578:
2567:. Retrieved
2563:the original
2553:
2542:. Retrieved
2532:
2521:. Retrieved
2511:
2500:. Retrieved
2496:the original
2486:
2475:. Retrieved
2465:
2454:. Retrieved
2444:
2433:. Retrieved
2429:the original
2419:
2407:. Retrieved
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808:Gender roles
528:Witch trials
510:
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427:Dating abuse
409:Other issues
401:Foot binding
394:Infibulation
224:By Deception
219:Acquaintance
105:
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38:Please help
33:
4396:Erin Pizzey
4381:Cassie Jaye
4178:Trophy wife
4163:Sperm theft
4148:Paternalism
3724:Eve teasing
3719:Dowry death
3667:Acid attack
3591:Prohibition
3430:Vigilantism
3344:Communalism
3334:Reservation
3266:Eve teasing
3261:Dowry death
3246:Acid attack
3162:Infertility
3088:Environment
3008:Remittances
2806:Dowry Death
2011:(1): 60–2.
1926:: 597, 612.
1821:India Today
1331:Pakistan's
1301:Shalu Nigam
1264:Prohibition
998:Sperm theft
966:Transphobia
961:Gay bashing
936:against men
913:Prison rape
715:Intactivism
622:Victimology
602:25 November
461:Eve teasing
422:Gaslighting
374:Acid attack
121:Infanticide
106:Dowry death
4528:Categories
4486:Androcracy
4366:Robert Bly
4326:By country
4246:Manosphere
3908:corrective
3707:management
3601:Disability
3506:Censorship
3435:Cybercrime
3390:Corruption
3367:Secularism
2718:2012-09-04
2693:2012-09-04
2665:2012-09-04
2646:2012-09-04
2621:2012-09-04
2600:2019-03-09
2569:2012-09-04
2544:2012-09-04
2523:2012-09-04
2502:2012-09-04
2477:2012-09-04
2456:2012-09-04
2435:2012-09-04
2409:21 January
2285:(Pakistan)
2283:The Nation
2234:, New York
1907:: 305–319.
1826:2019-02-12
1801:2012-01-05
1533:UN Women,
1505:2015-01-02
1471:References
1403:) and the
1343:Bangladesh
1027:By country
951:Homophobia
803:Effeminacy
612:By country
607:6 February
442:management
331:In Service
289:Statistics
279:Prevention
229:Corrective
141:Sororicide
4465:Male rape
4331:Australia
4274:Movements
4064:Masculism
3948:statutory
3923:genocidal
3564:Sexuality
3554:Feudalism
3549:Colourism
3533:Fake news
3458:Epidemics
3425:Terrorism
3172:Polyandry
3065:Education
3035:Transport
3018:Clearance
2733:"YouTube"
2374:see Dowry
1365:jahiziyeh
1061:Australia
956:Gayphobia
700:Movements
683:Masculism
294:Statutory
274:Pregnancy
254:Genocidal
146:Uxoricide
126:Matricide
52:June 2018
4539:Femicide
4513:Category
4470:Misandry
4432:Violence
4225:Virility
4071:Concepts
4023:Category
3801:Misogyny
3761:Femicide
3559:Gambling
3511:Internet
3463:HIV/AIDS
3453:Diabetes
3276:Feminism
3256:Devadasi
3193:Abortion
3186:Children
3177:Polygyny
3073:Literacy
2742:10 April
2356:Archived
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2167:cite web
2157:10 April
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2027:16633458
1979:Archived
1940:Archived
1850:10 April
1778:Archived
1760:Archived
1724:Archived
1704:Archived
1667:12543042
1444:See also
1312:Pakistan
1213:murdered
1159:Movember
1139:See also
813:Machismo
789:Misandry
675:a series
673:Part of
576:Istanbul
116:Femicide
79:a series
77:Part of
3938:marital
3702:outline
3483:Suicide
3478:Obesity
3468:Leprosy
3078:Ragging
2991:Poverty
2948:Economy
2636:"India"
2266:6536850
2018:1414670
1884:30 July
1582:8 March
1217:suicide
437:outline
309:Wartime
269:Marital
259:History
244:Factors
239:Effects
93:Killing
4479:Sexism
4424:Issues
4359:People
4208:Sexual
3943:prison
3933:in war
3928:halala
3821:Sharia
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854:Issues
763:Topics
571:Maputo
512:Raptio
321:Campus
299:Threat
284:Prison
4336:Italy
4296:India
4234:Other
4187:Crime
3579:Hijra
3498:Media
3382:Crime
3329:Dalit
3238:Women
3013:Slums
2594:(PDF)
2587:(PDF)
2117:JSTOR
2078:JSTOR
1647:Burns
1607:Mimeo
1499:(PDF)
1492:(PDF)
1361:jahâz
1318:Jahez
1280:5,000
1231:India
1221:dowry
1066:Italy
1042:India
561:DEVAW
551:CEDAW
546:DEDAW
326:Child
3918:gang
3913:date
3891:laws
3881:Rape
3816:Sati
3569:LGBT
3296:Sati
3291:Rape
2852:ISBN
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2782:ISBN
2744:2018
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2210:PMID
2173:link
2159:2018
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1886:2021
1873:ISBN
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1663:PMID
1584:2019
1577:NDTV
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