898:
674:
1094:
682:
1055:
1114:
1082:
946:
1039:
1070:
935:
878:
201:
323:
565:. According to currently available information, this subspecies is the third largest among the subspecies of the double-crested cormorant. Historical records indicate that this species was far more abundant in the past, but due to human persecution and development in their breeding range, the population of this subspecies has declined. The largest colony of cormorants in North America consisted of members of this subspecies at San Martin Island,
120:
591:. Historically, this subspecies has bred in abundance across most of this region, though there are questions as to whether this bird has always bred in the Great Lakes region. Some evidence indicates that the bird has only begun breeding in the region since the early 20th century while other evidence suggests that it has been breeding in the region much longer. Physically, this subspecies is moderately large and has black nuptial crests.
156:
178:
439:. Measuring 70–90 cm (28–35 in) in length, it is entirely black except for a bare patch of orange-yellow facial skin and some extra plumage that it exhibits in the breeding season when it grows a double crest in which black feathers are mingled with white. Five subspecies are recognized. It mainly eats
977:, concludes his section on double-crested cormorants by saying: "When the young are sufficiently grown, they gather into immense flocks in unfrequented sections, and remain until the ice-lid has closed over their food supply, when they go away, not to return till the cover is lifted up in the spring."
888:
The double-crested cormorant swims low in the water, often with just its neck and head visible, and dives from the surface. It uses its feet for propulsion and is able to dive to a depth of 1.5–7.5 m (4 ft 11 in – 24 ft 7 in) for 30–70 seconds. After diving, it
969:
Recently the population of double-crested cormorants has increased. Some studies have concluded that the recovery was allowed by the decrease of contaminants, particularly the discontinued use of DDT. The population may have also increased because of aquaculture ponds in its southern wintering
705:
being a dark grayish towards the center. Nuptial crests, for which the species is named, are either white, black or a mix of the two. These are located just above the eyes with the bare skin on the face of a breeding adult being orange. A non-breeding adult will lack the crests and have more
721:
The plumage of juvenile double-crested cormorants is more dark gray or brownish. The underparts of a juvenile are lighter than the back with a pale throat and breast that darkens towards the belly. As a bird ages, its plumage will grow darker. The bill of a juvenile will be mostly orange or
689:
The double-crested cormorant is a large waterbird with a stocky body, long neck, medium-sized tail, webbed feet, and a medium-sized hooked bill. It has a body length of between 70 and 90 cm (28 and 35 in) long, with a wingspan of between 114 and 123 cm (45 and 48 in).
953:
Breeding occurs in coastal areas as well as near inland rivers and lakes. They build stick nests in trees, on cliff edges, or on the ground on suitable islands. They are gregarious birds usually found in colonies, often with other aquatic birds, and have a deep, guttural grunt call.
925:
because of their intense predation on fish ponds which can cause thousands of dollars in losses to farmers. Cormorants regurgitate pellets containing undigested parts of their meals such as bones. These pellets can be dissected by biologists in order to discover what the birds ate.
1792:
889:
spends long periods standing with its wings outstretched to allow them to dry, since they are not fully waterproofed. This species flies low over the water, with its bill tilted slightly upward, sometimes leaving the colony in long, single-file lines.
1007:
of populations and measures to thwart reproduction, in an effort to control their growing numbers. The U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service retains oversight and the control measures are not extended to the general public (no hunting season).
921:. Fish are caught by diving under water. Smaller fish may be eaten while the bird is still beneath the surface but bigger prey is often brought to the surface before it is eaten. Double-crested cormorants are also considered pests to
1444:
A new subspecies of the double-crested cormorant, Phalacrocorax auritus, from San
Salvador, Bahama Islands, George E. Watson, Storrs L. Olson, and J. Robert Miller; Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, Vol. 104, pp.
992:) has provided optimal feeding conditions and hence good breeding success. Double-crested cormorants eat other species of fish besides alewives and have been suspected of contributing to the decline of some
869:, along with all areas previously stated to be resident. On the Pacific Coast, range includes all areas previously mentioned to be resident, along with British Columbia and the Southern California Bight.
1023:
National Park. This is an attempt to keep the small island in balance and preserve its vegetation but opponents to the plan have argued that it is based on faulty information, provided in part by
1093:
1755:
Wires, Linda A., and
Francesca J. Cuthbert; "Historic Populations of the Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus): Implications for Conservation and Management in the 21st Century"
1618:
Hebert, Craig E.; Duffe, Jason; Weseloh, D. V. Chip; Senese, E. M. TED; Haffner, G. Douglas (2005). Schmutz (ed.). "Unique Island
Habitats May Be Threatened By Double-crested Cormorants".
664:
and a greenish gloss on the head and neck. It breeds only in the mangroves surrounding interior lakes of San
Salvador in the Bahamas. It may also be resident on other Bahamian islands.
1592:
443:
and hunts by swimming and diving. Its feathers, like all cormorants, are not waterproof, and it must dry them out after spending time in the water. Once threatened by the use of
1038:
1530:
654:. Records indicate that this subspecies was abundant throughout its range before the 20th century, but now is only abundant in Florida. This bird has dark nuptial crests.
2843:
2939:
135:
3103:
2882:
1054:
3088:
3068:
1113:
1003:(the U.S. federal government agency charged with their protection) has recently extended control options to some other government entities. This includes
628:, the birds were no longer breeding in the area by the mid-1930s. Physically, this subspecies is the largest and it bears straight, white nuptial crests.
3040:
2794:
1061:
2856:
1722:
1000:
706:
yellowish skin around the face. The bill of the adult is dark-colored. The double-crested cormorant is very similar in appearance to the larger
136:
472:
3098:
2921:
1508:
1429:
1306:
2934:
1832:
1739:
905:
Food can be found in the sea, freshwater lakes, and rivers. Like all cormorants, the double-crested dives to find its prey. It mainly eats
3073:
1596:
605:, currently this is the most geographically restricted subspecies with the smallest population. It is found along the southern coast of
2817:
2742:
1686:
1298:
1541:
3093:
2986:
561:
and possibly even further south. Significant colonies of these birds may also be found further inland including areas around the
569:, Mexico, and was recorded in 1913. Physically, this subspecies is fairly large and has white to partially white nuptial crests.
3083:
2755:
185:
1620:
2861:
1718:
1292:
897:
2869:
1537:
2822:
2630:
1081:
673:
730:
A very common and widespread species, it winters anywhere that is ice-free along both coasts, as far north as southern
2680:
966:. Colonies have also been persecuted from time to time in areas where they are thought to compete with human fishing.
598:
506:), which does have very small wings; although the double-crested cormorant has normal-sized wings, it (along with the
1195:
575:(Lesson, 1831), the nominate subspecies, has the largest and most widespread breeding population. It ranges from the
456:
200:
690:
Double-crested cormorants weigh between 1.2 and 2.5 kg (2.6 and 5.5 lb). Males and females do not display
681:
2773:
1383:
2887:
1069:
2786:
2621:
2275:
1682:
1656:
1012:
790:
566:
2646:
1633:
2895:
2305:
1825:
862:
1918:
1353:
1332:
945:
518:
when the relationship between it and the flightless cormorant became apparent. The species name is from the
2900:
2667:
2583:
2285:
1482:
1224:
1145:
846:
465:, but a 2014 study supported reclassifying it and several other American cormorant species into the genus
2960:
2685:
2491:
2346:
2280:
1928:
1923:
312:
295:
2372:
1566:
718:
also looks very similar, and the two species can sometimes be found together where their ranges meet.
491:
3078:
2991:
2659:
2460:
2420:
2390:
1392:
814:
499:
2809:
2415:
2382:
2181:
2085:
1818:
1509:"The Rise of the Double-crested Cormorant on the Great Lakes: Winning the War Against Contaminants"
934:
715:
507:
145:
1516:
877:
660:
This subspecies bears straight, white nuptial crests. Physically, it is the smallest. It has bare
483:
2978:
2558:
2310:
1938:
1736:
1683:"Cormorant cull to begin at Point Pelee this week, but animal rights group says it's unnecessary"
1637:
1512:
1358:
1181:
1177:
850:
826:
635:
622:
362:
195:
2965:
2848:
1772:
1750:
The Birds of
Ontario: Being a Concise Account of Every Species of Bird Known to Have Been Found
1461:
1011:
In May 2008, the
Canadian government reduced significantly the number of nests of the birds on
527:, "eared", referring to its nuptial crests. Its common name refers to the same nuptial crests.
2947:
2703:
2533:
2377:
2331:
2255:
2055:
2012:
1933:
1425:
1302:
1252:
1244:
759:
701:
that is yellow or orange. An adult in breeding plumage will be mostly black with the back and
691:
584:
2952:
2486:
2336:
2290:
2208:
2112:
2032:
1965:
1863:
1629:
1348:
1236:
939:
786:
778:
702:
610:
550:
424:
2672:
1810:
845:
Bays. Its nonbreeding range extends throughout all coastal plains in the US, including the
322:
119:
2908:
2341:
2300:
2171:
2075:
1841:
1743:
707:
580:
419:. It is found near rivers and lakes and in coastal areas and is widely distributed across
1027:
who view cormorants as competitors. As of 2021, the cormorant culling program continues.
1778:
817:. Its breeding range extends north throughout most of north-central North America, from
17:
3004:
2781:
2768:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2351:
2295:
2260:
2176:
2017:
1270:
985:
866:
794:
747:
661:
647:
614:
538:
714:; it can, however, be separated by having more yellow on the throat and the bill. The
3062:
2527:
2517:
2512:
2440:
2246:
1158:
1100:
842:
834:
774:
479:
461:
420:
165:
160:
70:
1641:
1362:
962:
The double-crested cormorant's numbers decreased in the 1960s due to the effects of
2708:
2507:
2497:
2451:
2270:
2022:
1798:
618:
3031:
2695:
1149:
134:
2973:
2874:
2830:
2760:
2615:
2538:
2522:
2401:
2080:
2037:
2027:
1909:
1859:
1240:
1200:
1020:
981:
922:
858:
838:
830:
802:
798:
735:
588:
576:
467:
272:
45:
2999:
2502:
2471:
2322:
1845:
1531:"Double-crested Cormorants and Fisheries in the Great Lakes Basin: Fact Sheet"
914:
882:
698:
562:
416:
252:
90:
55:
2747:
2606:
1483:"Double-crested Cormorant (Nannopterum auritus) - BirdLife species factsheet"
1248:
642:, the smallest of the five subspecies, it is found from southern and central
617:
to
Chuginidak in the Aleutians. Historically, the range extended west to the
2729:
2480:
2265:
2204:
1024:
1016:
999:
In light of this belief, and because of calls for action by the public, the
989:
984:
region, it is believed that the colonization of the lakes by the non-native
910:
711:
412:
262:
212:
95:
1256:
710:, which has a more restricted distribution in North America, mainly on the
523:
3025:
2600:
1805:
854:
232:
85:
80:
65:
60:
50:
2913:
3045:
2835:
2799:
2654:
2431:
2232:
2166:
2143:
1989:
1961:
1895:
1123:
1004:
993:
822:
806:
782:
763:
743:
651:
554:
546:
432:
100:
75:
697:
This species has dark-colored plumage with bare supra-loreal skin and
583:
east into central and eastern North
America. This region includes the
2641:
2157:
2108:
2066:
918:
767:
755:
751:
739:
731:
606:
558:
436:
428:
222:
2577:
1337:): Implications for Conservation and Management in the 21st Century"
447:, the numbers of this bird have increased markedly in recent years.
2734:
2721:
1784:
2716:
2363:
2221:
2132:
2116:
2003:
1978:
1884:
1867:
1714:. Smithsonian Handbooks: DK Publishing, Inc., New York, NY (2002).
1573:. National Archives: Code of Federal Regulations. 12 February 2021
1119:
944:
933:
896:
876:
680:
672:
643:
519:
2926:
906:
818:
810:
440:
242:
2581:
2202:
2106:
1959:
1857:
1814:
970:
grounds. The ponds favor good over-winter survival and growth.
963:
750:
from the coldest parts of its breeding range, such as eastern
625:
444:
1634:
10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069<0068:UIHMBT>2.0.CO;2
498:, "wing". This genus name was originally coined for the
332:
Geographical distribution of Double-crested cormorant.
1354:
10.1675/1524-4695(2006)29[9:HPOTDC]2.0.CO;2
1333:"Historic Populations of the Double-crested Cormorant (
1424:. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic. p. 105.
1331:
Wires, Linda R.; Cuthbert, Francesca J. (March 2006).
1223:
Kennedy, Martyn; Spencer, Hamish G. (1 October 2014).
1415:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1403:
738:(on the east coast). It can be found as far south as
2387:
1455:
1453:
1451:
3015:
2590:
2469:
2449:
2429:
2399:
2361:
2320:
2244:
2220:
2155:
2131:
2064:
2046:
2001:
1977:
1907:
1883:
1422:
National
Geographic Complete Birds of North America
1099:Double-crested cormorant in a confrontation with a
1378:
1376:
1374:
1372:
459:in 1831. It was formerly classified in the genus
996:populations in the Great Lakes and other areas.
1225:"Classification of the cormorants of the world"
2823:double-crested-cormorant-phalacrocorax-auritus
1781:– USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
478:Its scientific genus name is derived from the
455:The double-crested cormorant was described by
1826:
8:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1294:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
1462:"All About Birds: Double-crested Cormorant"
677:Adult in breeding plumage with white crests
2578:
2226:
2217:
2199:
2137:
2128:
2103:
1983:
1974:
1956:
1889:
1880:
1854:
1833:
1819:
1811:
321:
176:
154:
132:
118:
31:
1785:Explore Species: Double-crested Cormorant
1657:"Parks Canada mismanaging Middle Island?"
1567:"Special double-crested cormorant permit"
1352:
1271:"Taxonomic Updates – IOC World Bird List"
1062:Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge
1048:at Smithsonian Museum of Natural History
973:In 1894, Thomas McIlwraith in his book,
621:, but possibly due to nest predation by
514:) was still reclassified into the genus
1723:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
1137:
1034:
1001:United States Fish and Wildlife Service
837:, along with parts of Alaska adjoining
1793:Double-crested cormorant photo gallery
475:followed this classification in 2021.
1787:at eBird (Cornell Lab of Ornithology)
1655:Mackey, Barry Kent (18 August 2016).
1460:Cornell Laboratories of Ornithology.
1297:. London: Christopher Helm. pp.
1229:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
7:
3104:Extant Pleistocene first appearances
2787:d47d845a-2fb3-4a17-88de-9b190667e8c1
2530:(imperial cormorant, blue-eyed shag)
3089:Fauna of the San Francisco Bay Area
3069:IUCN Red List least concern species
1159:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1120:Ballard (Hiram M. Chittenden) Locks
1507:Weseloh, D.V.; B. Collier (2005).
25:
785:, Mexico (but excluding parts of
734:(on the west coast) and southern
1420:Alderfer, Jonathan, ed. (2008).
1112:
1092:
1080:
1068:
1053:
1037:
801:and surrounding areas, southern
797:, resident on Atlantic Coast in
762:, for example in Great Britain,
530:Five subspecies are recognized:
199:
1752:. W. Briggs, Toronto, ON (1894)
1681:Aziz, Tahmina (26 April 2021).
980:For populations nesting in the
553:to Bird Island in the state of
1737:US Fish & Wildlife Service
1621:Journal of Wildlife Management
1538:US Fish & Wildlife Service
949:Parent and a chick at the nest
909:, but will sometimes also eat
646:east to the Atlantic and from
127:Adult in non-breeding plumage
1:
1929:Christmas Island frigatebird
1795:at VIREO (Drexel University)
1775:– Cornell Lab of Ornithology
1595:. Earthroots. Archived from
685:Juvenile plumage, California
549:coast of North America from
1241:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.06.020
712:Canadian maritime provinces
3120:
3074:NatureServe secure species
3099:Taxa named by René Lesson
2229:
2216:
2198:
2140:
2127:
2102:
1986:
1973:
1955:
1892:
1879:
1853:
1799:Interactive range map of
1291:Jobling, James A (2010).
791:Southern California Bight
567:Baja California Territory
368:
361:
329:
320:
301:
294:
196:Scientific classification
194:
174:
152:
143:
131:
126:
117:
34:
2940:double-crested-cormorant
2810:double-crested-cormorant
2411:Double-crested cormorant
2306:White-breasted cormorant
1779:Double-crested cormorant
1773:Double-crested cormorant
833:, and south to northern
726:Distribution and habitat
403:double-crested cormorant
331:
35:Double-crested cormorant
18:Double-crested Cormorant
3094:Birds described in 1831
2354:(long-tailed cormorant)
1919:Magnificent frigatebird
1719:"Phalacrocorax auritus"
603:white-crested cormorant
3084:Birds of North America
2483:(Magellanic cormorant)
2313:(Temminck's cormorant)
2286:Little black cormorant
1848:(Phalacrocoraciformes)
1146:BirdLife International
1105:Pelicanus occidentalis
950:
942:
902:
885:
754:, and has occurred in
686:
678:
385:Phalacrocorax dilophus
3005:Phalacrocorax-auritus
2961:Paleobiology Database
2647:phalacrocorax-auritus
2622:Phalacrocorax auritus
2592:Phalacrocorax auritus
2492:New Zealand king shag
2347:Little pied cormorant
2281:Black-faced cormorant
1924:Ascension frigatebird
1801:Phalacrocorax auritus
1487:datazone.birdlife.org
1386:Phalacrocorax auritus
1335:Phalacrocorax auritus
1196:"Nannopterum auritum"
1152:Phalacrocorax auritus
948:
937:
900:
880:
684:
676:
457:René Primevère Lesson
411:) is a member of the
389:Phalacrocorax auritus
2782:Fauna Europaea (new)
2461:Red-legged cormorant
2421:Flightless cormorant
2391:Spectacled cormorant
2211:: Phalacrocoracidae)
2115:: Anhingidae ·
1866:: Fregatidae ·
1748:McIlwraith, Thomas;
1742:16 July 2005 at the
1710:Alsop, Fred J. III;
1393:Animal Diversity Web
1044:Mounted skeleton of
1015:, a small island in
793:) and inland to the
613:, ranging west from
500:flightless cormorant
378:Dilophalieus auritus
2416:Neotropic cormorant
2383:Red-faced cormorant
2182:Australasian darter
2086:Australasian gannet
1962:Gannets and boobies
1124:Seattle, Washington
1046:Nannopterum auritum
851:Gulf Coastal Plains
716:neotropic cormorant
545:, breeds along the
508:neotropic cormorant
408:Nannopterum auritum
305:Nannopterum auritum
146:Conservation status
41:Pleistocene–present
2559:South Georgia shag
2494:(rough-faced shag)
2373:Brandt's cormorant
2311:Japanese cormorant
1939:Lesser frigatebird
1806:IUCN Red List maps
1599:on 11 October 2008
1513:Environment Canada
1180:}}: old-form url (
951:
943:
903:
886:
827:Great Lakes states
773:It is resident on
687:
679:
543:Farallon cormorant
535:N. a. albociliatum
3056:
3055:
2948:Open Tree of Life
2584:Taxon identifiers
2575:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2534:Heard Island shag
2378:Pelagic cormorant
2332:Crowned cormorant
2256:Socotra cormorant
2240:
2239:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2151:
2150:
2098:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2013:Blue-footed booby
1997:
1996:
1951:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1934:Great frigatebird
1903:
1902:
1431:978-0-7922-4175-1
1308:978-1-4081-2501-4
938:Eggs, Collection
857:, as well as the
825:east through the
815:Yucatán Peninsula
692:sexual dimorphism
640:Florida cormorant
595:N. a. cincinnatum
585:Canadian prairies
399:
398:
393:Nesocarbo auritum
382:
375:
355: Nonbreeding
263:Phalacrocoracidae
189:
169:
137:
16:(Redirected from
3111:
3049:
3048:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3008:
3007:
2995:
2994:
2982:
2981:
2969:
2968:
2956:
2955:
2943:
2942:
2930:
2929:
2917:
2916:
2904:
2903:
2891:
2890:
2878:
2877:
2875:NHMSYS0000530556
2865:
2864:
2852:
2851:
2839:
2838:
2826:
2825:
2813:
2812:
2803:
2802:
2790:
2789:
2777:
2776:
2764:
2763:
2751:
2750:
2738:
2737:
2725:
2724:
2712:
2711:
2699:
2698:
2689:
2688:
2676:
2675:
2663:
2662:
2660:3AC46C54EE4A6251
2650:
2649:
2637:
2636:
2626:
2625:
2624:
2611:
2610:
2609:
2579:
2487:Guanay cormorant
2389:
2337:Little cormorant
2291:Indian cormorant
2227:
2218:
2200:
2138:
2129:
2104:
2033:Red-footed booby
1984:
1975:
1957:
1890:
1881:
1855:
1835:
1828:
1821:
1812:
1762:(1): 9–37, 2006.
1733:
1731:
1729:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1678:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1546:
1540:. Archived from
1535:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1515:. Archived from
1504:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1457:
1446:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1417:
1398:
1397:
1380:
1367:
1366:
1356:
1328:
1313:
1312:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1142:
1116:
1096:
1084:
1072:
1057:
1041:
975:Birds of Ontario
940:Museum Wiesbaden
863:Turks and Caicos
787:British Columbia
779:Aleutian Islands
632:N. a. floridanum
611:Aleutian Islands
551:British Columbia
425:Aleutian Islands
380:
373:
354:
349: Year-round
348:
342:
336:
325:
307:
204:
203:
183:
180:
179:
163:
158:
157:
139:
138:
122:
112:
42:
38:Temporal range:
32:
21:
3119:
3118:
3114:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3052:
3044:
3039:
3030:
3029:
3024:
3011:
3003:
2998:
2990:
2985:
2977:
2972:
2964:
2959:
2951:
2946:
2938:
2933:
2925:
2920:
2912:
2909:Observation.org
2907:
2899:
2894:
2886:
2881:
2873:
2868:
2860:
2855:
2847:
2842:
2834:
2829:
2821:
2816:
2808:
2806:
2798:
2793:
2785:
2780:
2772:
2767:
2759:
2754:
2746:
2741:
2733:
2728:
2720:
2715:
2707:
2702:
2694:
2692:
2684:
2679:
2671:
2666:
2658:
2653:
2645:
2640:
2634:
2629:
2620:
2619:
2614:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2586:
2576:
2563:
2465:
2445:
2425:
2395:
2357:
2342:Pygmy cormorant
2316:
2301:Great cormorant
2236:
2212:
2186:
2172:Oriental darter
2147:
2123:
2090:
2076:Northern gannet
2060:
2042:
1993:
1969:
1943:
1899:
1875:
1849:
1839:
1769:
1744:Wayback Machine
1727:
1725:
1717:
1707:
1705:Further reading
1702:
1701:
1691:
1689:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1665:
1663:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1602:
1600:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1576:
1574:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1533:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1519:on 6 July 2011.
1506:
1505:
1501:
1491:
1489:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1466:
1464:
1459:
1458:
1449:
1443:
1439:
1432:
1419:
1418:
1401:
1382:
1381:
1370:
1330:
1329:
1316:
1309:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1275:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1207:
1205:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1175:
1168:
1166:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1127:
1117:
1108:
1097:
1088:
1085:
1076:
1073:
1064:
1058:
1049:
1042:
1033:
960:
932:
895:
875:
758:as a very rare
728:
708:great cormorant
671:
581:Rocky Mountains
453:
391:
387:
383:
376:
357:
356:
352:
350:
346:
344:
343: Migration
340:
338:
334:
316:
309:
303:
290:
287:N. auritum
198:
190:
181:
177:
170:
159:
155:
148:
133:
113:
111:
110:
109:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:Species of bird
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3117:
3115:
3107:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3061:
3060:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3037:
3021:
3019:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3009:
2996:
2983:
2970:
2957:
2944:
2931:
2918:
2905:
2892:
2879:
2866:
2853:
2840:
2827:
2814:
2804:
2791:
2778:
2769:Fauna Europaea
2765:
2752:
2739:
2726:
2713:
2700:
2690:
2677:
2664:
2651:
2638:
2627:
2612:
2596:
2594:
2588:
2587:
2582:
2573:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2554:Macquarie shag
2551:
2549:Kerguelen shag
2546:
2544:Antarctic shag
2541:
2536:
2531:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2489:
2484:
2477:
2475:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2457:
2455:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2437:
2435:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2407:
2405:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2393:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2369:
2367:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2355:
2352:Reed cormorant
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2328:
2326:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2314:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2296:Cape cormorant
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2276:Pied cormorant
2273:
2268:
2263:
2261:Bank cormorant
2258:
2252:
2250:
2242:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2230:
2224:
2214:
2213:
2203:
2196:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2177:African darter
2174:
2169:
2163:
2161:
2153:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2141:
2135:
2125:
2124:
2107:
2100:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2072:
2070:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2056:Abbott's booby
2052:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2018:Peruvian booby
2015:
2009:
2007:
1999:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1987:
1981:
1971:
1970:
1960:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1915:
1913:
1905:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1893:
1887:
1877:
1876:
1858:
1851:
1850:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1830:
1823:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1796:
1789:
1788:
1782:
1776:
1768:
1767:External links
1765:
1764:
1763:
1753:
1746:
1734:
1715:
1712:Birds of Texas
1706:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1673:
1647:
1610:
1584:
1558:
1522:
1499:
1474:
1447:
1437:
1430:
1399:
1368:
1314:
1307:
1283:
1262:
1215:
1187:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1128:
1118:
1111:
1109:
1098:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1067:
1065:
1059:
1052:
1050:
1043:
1036:
1032:
1029:
959:
956:
931:
928:
923:aquaculturists
894:
891:
874:
871:
867:Cayman Islands
795:Colorado River
727:
724:
670:
667:
666:
665:
658:N. a. heuretum
655:
648:North Carolina
629:
592:
570:
512:N. brasilianum
490:, "small" and
452:
449:
397:
396:
381:(Lesson, 1831)
366:
365:
359:
358:
351:
345:
339:
337: Breeding
333:
327:
326:
318:
317:
310:
299:
298:
292:
291:
284:
282:
278:
277:
270:
266:
265:
260:
256:
255:
250:
246:
245:
240:
236:
235:
230:
226:
225:
220:
216:
215:
210:
206:
205:
192:
191:
175:
172:
171:
153:
150:
149:
144:
141:
140:
129:
128:
124:
123:
115:
114:
106:
105:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
43:
37:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3116:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3047:
3042:
3038:
3033:
3027:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3018:
3017:Carbo auritus
3014:
3006:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2805:
2801:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2691:
2687:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2643:
2639:
2632:
2628:
2623:
2617:
2613:
2608:
2602:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2580:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2529:
2528:Imperial shag
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2518:Campbell shag
2516:
2514:
2513:Auckland shag
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2468:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2453:
2448:
2442:
2441:European shag
2439:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2433:
2428:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2403:
2398:
2392:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2365:
2360:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2319:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2248:
2247:Phalacrocorax
2243:
2235:
2234:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2210:
2206:
2201:
2197:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2146:
2145:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2121:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2105:
2101:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2045:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2005:
2000:
1992:
1991:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1967:
1963:
1958:
1954:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1911:
1906:
1898:
1897:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1856:
1852:
1847:
1843:
1836:
1831:
1829:
1824:
1822:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1807:
1803:
1802:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1761:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1713:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1688:
1684:
1677:
1674:
1662:
1658:
1651:
1648:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1622:
1614:
1611:
1598:
1594:
1588:
1585:
1572:
1568:
1562:
1559:
1547:on 8 May 2021
1543:
1539:
1532:
1526:
1523:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1503:
1500:
1488:
1484:
1478:
1475:
1463:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1441:
1438:
1433:
1427:
1423:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1395:
1394:
1389:
1387:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1336:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1310:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1287:
1284:
1272:
1266:
1263:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1219:
1216:
1204:
1202:
1197:
1191:
1188:
1183:
1179:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1155:
1153:
1147:
1141:
1138:
1131:
1125:
1121:
1115:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1101:brown pelican
1095:
1090:
1083:
1078:
1071:
1066:
1063:
1056:
1051:
1047:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1013:Middle Island
1009:
1006:
1002:
997:
995:
991:
987:
983:
978:
976:
971:
967:
965:
957:
955:
947:
941:
936:
929:
927:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
899:
892:
890:
884:
879:
872:
870:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
835:Massachusetts
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
775:Pacific Coast
771:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
725:
723:
719:
717:
713:
709:
704:
700:
695:
693:
683:
675:
668:
663:
659:
656:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
630:
627:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
593:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
573:N. a. auritum
571:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
533:
532:
531:
528:
526:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
476:
474:
470:
469:
464:
463:
462:Phalacrocorax
458:
450:
448:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
421:North America
418:
414:
410:
409:
404:
395:
394:
390:
386:
379:
372:
371:Carbo auritus
367:
364:
360:
328:
324:
319:
314:
308:
306:
300:
297:
296:Binomial name
293:
289:
288:
283:
280:
279:
276:
275:
271:
268:
267:
264:
261:
258:
257:
254:
251:
248:
247:
244:
241:
238:
237:
234:
231:
228:
227:
224:
221:
218:
217:
214:
211:
208:
207:
202:
197:
193:
187:
173:
167:
162:
161:Least Concern
151:
147:
142:
130:
125:
121:
116:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
33:
30:
19:
3016:
2591:
2508:Chatham shag
2498:Foveaux shag
2470:
2452:Poikilocarbo
2450:
2430:
2410:
2400:
2362:
2321:
2271:Spotted shag
2245:
2231:
2156:
2142:
2119:
2065:
2047:
2023:Masked booby
2002:
1988:
1908:
1894:
1871:
1860:Frigatebirds
1800:
1759:
1756:
1749:
1726:. Retrieved
1711:
1690:. Retrieved
1676:
1664:. Retrieved
1661:Windsor Star
1660:
1650:
1628:(1): 68–76.
1625:
1619:
1613:
1601:. Retrieved
1597:the original
1593:"Earthroots"
1587:
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729:
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602:
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392:
388:
384:
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374:Lesson, 1831
370:
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285:
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3079:Nannopterum
2974:SeaLifeBase
2896:Neotropical
2831:iNaturalist
2616:Wikispecies
2539:Crozet shag
2523:Bounty shag
2402:Nannopterum
2081:Cape gannet
2038:Brown booby
2028:Nazca booby
1692:28 February
1551:28 February
1467:29 February
1347:(1): 9–37.
1235:: 249–257.
1201:NatureServe
1169:26 November
1021:Point Pelee
982:Great Lakes
915:crustaceans
901:With a fish
831:Nova Scotia
803:New England
799:Long Island
736:New England
722:yellowish.
669:Description
609:and on the
589:Great Lakes
577:Great Basin
516:Nannopterum
468:Nannopterum
423:, from the
417:water birds
274:Nannopterum
186:NatureServe
3063:Categories
3000:Xeno-canto
2503:Otago shag
2472:Leucocarbo
2323:Microcarbo
2205:Cormorants
1968:: Sulidae)
1846:Suliformes
1757:Waterbirds
1728:9 February
1577:21 October
1341:Waterbirds
1132:References
994:sport-fish
911:amphibians
883:California
766:, and the
699:gular skin
623:introduced
563:Salton Sea
504:N. harrisi
415:family of
253:Suliformes
3032:Q82960923
2481:Rock shag
2266:Pitt shag
1249:1055-7903
1178:cite iucn
1075:In flight
1060:Nesting,
1017:Lake Erie
990:prey fish
988:(a small
853:south to
843:Kuskokwim
821:north to
781:south to
650:south to
494: :
413:cormorant
330:English:
281:Species:
219:Kingdom:
213:Eukaryota
3026:Wikidata
2849:10190430
2673:22696776
2668:BirdLife
2601:Wikidata
2048:Papasula
1740:Archived
1642:86023367
1603:17 March
1571:ecfr.gov
1445:356-369.
1363:86270584
1257:24994028
1208:17 April
1203:Explorer
1148:(2012).
1087:Juvenile
958:Recovery
930:Breeding
873:Behavior
855:Campeche
847:Atlantic
789:and the
748:migrates
742:and the
587:and the
486: :
451:Taxonomy
431:down to
363:Synonyms
259:Family:
233:Chordata
229:Phylum:
223:Animalia
209:Domain:
166:IUCN 3.1
3046:4408478
2836:1454382
2800:2481875
2655:Avibase
2607:Q725289
2432:Gulosus
2233:Species
2167:Anhinga
2158:Anhinga
2144:Species
2120:Anhinga
2109:Darters
1990:Species
1910:Fregata
1896:Species
1872:Fregata
1666:21 July
1492:28 July
1301:, 301.
1276:28 July
1031:Gallery
1025:anglers
1005:culling
986:alewife
919:insects
859:Bahamas
839:Bristol
823:Alberta
807:Florida
783:Nayarit
764:Ireland
760:vagrant
744:Bahamas
703:coverts
652:Florida
638:1835),
636:Audubon
601:1837),
555:Sinaloa
547:Pacific
541:1884),
539:Ridgway
524:auritus
433:Florida
315:, 1831)
269:Genus:
249:Order:
239:Class:
184: (
182:Secure
164: (
107:↓
2992:159059
2966:134730
2953:170200
2927:159059
2901:doccor
2862:174717
2807:GNAB:
2756:EURING
2748:100706
2735:PHLKAU
2722:doccor
2696:doccor
2642:ARKive
2635:docrco
2209:family
2113:family
1966:family
1864:family
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865:, and
813:, and
768:Azores
756:Europe
752:Canada
740:Mexico
732:Alaska
615:Kodiak
607:Alaska
599:Brandt
559:Mexico
496:pterón
492:πτερόν
484:νᾶνος
482:words
471:. The
437:Mexico
429:Alaska
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313:Lesson
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2888:56069
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2774:96620
2743:EUNIS
2717:eBird
2709:4FQQ5
2693:BOW:
2686:10016
2364:Urile
2222:Genus
2133:Genus
2117:genus
2067:Morus
1979:Genus
1885:Genus
1868:genus
1842:Order
1638:S2CID
1545:(PDF)
1534:(PDF)
1359:S2CID
777:from
746:. It
662:lores
644:Texas
626:foxes
520:Latin
488:nános
480:Greek
3041:GBIF
2935:ODNR
2922:OBIS
2914:1626
2883:NCBI
2857:ITIS
2795:GBIF
2730:EPPO
2681:BOLD
2004:Sula
1730:2006
1694:2023
1668:2017
1605:2013
1579:2021
1553:2023
1494:2021
1469:2020
1426:ISBN
1303:ISBN
1278:2021
1253:PMID
1245:ISSN
1210:2024
1182:help
1171:2013
1164:2012
917:and
907:fish
893:Diet
849:and
841:and
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811:Cuba
579:and
441:fish
435:and
401:The
243:Aves
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2870:NBN
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2761:780
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