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132:), which rarely lay more than five eggs, found that the probability of an egg successfully leading to a fledged gosling declined from 0.81 for two-egg clutches to 0.50 for seven-egg clutches, whilst the nesting period increased with the increasing number of eggs laid. This suggests that there is no benefit for female Black Brant to lay more than five eggs.
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carried out much research into regulation of clutch size. In species with altricial young, he proposed that optimal clutch size was determined by the number of young a parent could feed until fledgling. In precocial birds, Lack determined that clutch size was determined by the nutrients available to
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variation can also reflect variation in optimal reproduction effort. In birds, clutch size can vary within a species due to various features (age and health of laying female, ability of male to supply food, and abundance of prey), while some species are determinant layers, laying a species-specific
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Leach, A. G.; van Dellen, A. W.; Riecke, T. V.; Sedinger, J. S. (2017). "Incubation capacity contributes to constraints on maximal clutch size in Brent Geese
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81:. The technique is used to double the production of a species' eggs, in the California condor case, specifically to increase population size.
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number of eggs. Long-lived species tend to have smaller clutch sizes than short-lived species (see also
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114:). The evolution of optimal clutch size is also driven by other factors, such as
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Lack, D. (1947). "The significance of clutch-size, parts I and II".
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egg-laying females. An experimental study in black brent geese (
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105:, health, nutrition, predation pressures, and time of year.
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73:(or removal by humans, for example the
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89:Clutch size differs greatly between
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77:breeding program) results in
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27:Grouping of eggs in a nest
396:Branta bernicla nigricans
302:Northern dusky salamander
116:parent–offspring conflict
121:In birds, ornithologist
18:Double clutching (birds)
249:Columba livia domestica
169:Great black-backed gull
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308:), typical egg clutch
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226:Lesser spotted eagle
112:r/K selection theory
306:Desmognathus fuscus
287:Carduelis carduelis
211:Gallinula chloropus
283:European goldfinch
154:Anas platyrhynchos
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412:10.1111/ibi.12475
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345:Lack, David
107:Clutch size
441:Aviculture
425:Categories
332:References
326:Viviparity
123:David Lack
56:amphibians
36:sea turtle
357:: 302-352
71:predators
314:See also
60:reptiles
150:Mallard
136:Gallery
103:habitat
99:species
91:species
446:Oology
320:Oology
44:clutch
38:clutch
431:Birds
95:genus
58:, or
52:birds
400:Ibis
369:Ibis
351:Ibis
85:Size
64:nest
48:eggs
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