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The
Environmental Protection Agency and the Los Angeles County Safe Clean Water Program funded a research study in Southern California to study the performance of drywell design methods. This study lists the various pro's and con's of a variety of infiltration test methods. The MPD is described in
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The Nevada Tahoe
Conservation District conducted a two-year study (2012-2014) of the Modified Philip Dunne Infiltrometer and compared the results of the MPD to the Constant Head Permeameter, Double Ring Infiltrometer, and the Tension Disc Infiltrometer. The purpose of the study was to determine if
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The
University of Minnesota subsequently modified Philip and Dunne's method by introducing a variation to the calculation in 2007. This refinement led to the renaming of the method as the Modified Philip-Dunne Infiltrometer (MPD). The revised methodology underwent peer review and in 2018, the MPD
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The MPD Infiltrometer consists of a cylinder with an inside diameter of 4 inches (10.16 cm) and a length of 17.5 inches (44.5 cm). The procedure involves inserting the cylinder 5 centimeters into the ground and filling it with one gallon of water. Water level readings are recorded at regular time
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In 1993, Philip and Dunne expanded on this theory, developing a methodology using a water-filled cylinder to measure head drop over time. Their approach incorporated the Green-Ampt theory to calculate hydraulic conductivity, which eliminates the need for pre-saturating the ground with water.
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the MPD could be used as a faster method to test the hydraulic conductivity of the rain gardens in the Lake Tahoe Region. The results showed the MPD measurements were comparable to the other three test methods and the MPD is a suitable rapid assessment method.
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The MPD method builds upon earlier work in infiltration theory. The Green-Ampt theory, developed in 1911, provided a framework for estimating infiltration rates by incorporating factors like soil suction head, porosity, hydraulic conductivity, and time.
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The
Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University Alabama, concluded in 2019 the MPD is a useful method for calculating saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil, but not a robust method for calculating soil suction head.
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The
Georgia DOT adopted the MPD method to conduct a study of road side infiltration practices (ditches), to determine the best slope and design of these practices to achieve maximum efficiency removing solid pollutants.
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The
Modified Philip-Dunne Infiltrometer (MPD) is a standardized method for measuring the hydraulic conductivity of soil in the field. It is a falling head method outlined in ASTM International Standard D8152.
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intervals until the cylinder is drained. The collected data is then used to calculate the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) using the MPD equation specified in ASTM Standard D8152.
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Evaluation of infiltration testing methods for design of stormwater drywell systems; M Kamalzare et al. 2024 IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth
Environ. Sci. 1334 012004 -
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and recommends this method not be used in gravelly soils due to the difficulty of achieving a tight seal with the soil when driving the casing into the ground.
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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/380811596_Evaluation_of_infiltration_testing_methods_for_design_of_stormwater_drywell_systems
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Optimizing Design of GDOT Post
Construction Stormwater BMPs for Performance While Minimizing Right-of-Way Acquisition and Peak Flows;
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Philip, J.R., and Dunne, T. (1993). "Infiltration
Equations for Simple Soil Systems." Water Resources Research, 29(8), 2687-2693
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Comparison of Infiltration Devices and Modification of the Philip-Dunne Permeameter for the Assessment of Rain Gardens;
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A Comprehensive Performance Assessment of the Modified PhilipβDunne Infiltrometer, Z Alakayleh, X Fang, T Clement;
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https://stormwater.safl.umn.edu/sites/stormwater.safl.umn.edu/files/files/media/nestingen_rebecca_thesis_2007.pdf
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Per ASTM D8152, the MPD method is not suitable in soils (clay) where infiltration is slower than 2.5 mm per hour.
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Nevada Conservation District Study; Modified Philip-Dunne Infiltrometer Testing, March 2014.
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