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during its forward movement during tunneling. The siphon pistons then find support in the previously installed casing ring. The loads of the tubes from significant, sometimes amounting to several hundred tons, forces focused on the siphons are sometimes so large that they determine the dimensions of the tubes. The dimensions of the tubes depend on the load, including the forces focused on the siphons. This applies especially to their longitudinal ribs (programs for building permits). Additionally, when designing a tube housing, it is necessary to take into account the loads that may occur at the stage of tube production and during their transportation.
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The tubes should be characterized by adequate strength for two types of loads. They ought to be resistant to the pressure of the rock mass. In addition, they must be designed in such a way that they can transfer without damaging the significant forces that result from the pressure of the left dial
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442:. The outer diameter of the tubes is 12,2 m. For its construction, 1076 prefabricated rings with a total weight of approximately 118 thousand tons were used.
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