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950:, underneath the city for storing its stormwater. Many areas require detention tanks or roof detention systems that temporarily hold runoff in heavy rains and restrict outlet flow to the public sewer. This lessens the risk of overwhelming the public sewer in heavy rain. An overflow outlet may also connect higher on the outlet side of the detention tank. This overflow prevents the detention tank from completely filling. By restricting the flow of water in this way and temporarily holding the water in a
407:
993:(EPA) issued stormwater regulations for large cities in 1990 and for other communities in 1999. The permits require local governments to operate stormwater management programs, covering both construction of new buildings and facilities, and maintenance of their existing municipal drainage networks. For new construction projects, many municipalities require builders to obtain approval of the site drainage system along with the structural plans. State government facilities, such as roads and
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drain (highway drain or road gully in the UK) inlets: side inlets and grated inlets. Side inlets are located adjacent to the curb and rely on the ability of the opening under the back stone or lintel to capture flow. They are usually depressed at the invert of the channel to improve capture capacity.
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In the United States, cities, suburban communities and towns with over 100,000 population, smaller community drainage systems in urbanized areas and additional municipal systems that are specifically designated by state agencies are required to obtain discharge permits for their storm sewer systems,
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or disruptive larval hormones, sometimes released from "mosquito biscuits", have been used to control mosquito breeding in catch basins. Mosquitoes may be physically prevented from reaching the standing water or migrating into the sewer proper by the use of an "inverted cone filter". Another method
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and many small objects can also fall through. However, if grate bars are too far apart, the openings may present a risk to pedestrians, bicyclists, and others in the vicinity. Grates with long narrow slots parallel to traffic flow are of particular concern to cyclists, as the front tire of a bicycle
837:
Catch basins are commonly designed with a sump area below the outlet pipe level—a reservoir for water and debris that helps prevent the pipe from clogging. Unless constructed with permeable bottoms to let water infiltrate into underlying soil, this subterranean basin can become a mosquito breeding
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that temporarily hold rainwater runoff, and restrict the outlet flow to the public sewer. This lessens the risk of overburdening the public sewer during heavy rain. An overflow outlet may also connect higher on the outlet side of the detention tank. This overflow prevents the detention tank from
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Basins can be filled with concrete up to the pipe level to prevent this reservoir from forming. Without proper maintenance, the functionality of the basin is questionable, as these catch basins are most commonly not cleaned annually as is needed to make them perform as designed. The trapping of
918:(CSS). The cities' rationale when combined sewers were built was that it would be cheaper to build just a single system. In these systems a sudden large rainfall that exceeds sewage treatment capacity is allowed to overflow directly from storm drains into receiving waters via structures called
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debris serves no purpose because once filled they operate as if no basins were present, but continue to allow a shallow area of water retention for the breeding of mosquito. Moreover, even if cleaned and maintained, the water reservoir remains filled, accommodating the breeding of mosquitoes.
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may become stuck, causing the cyclist to go over the handlebars or lose control and fall. Storm drains in streets and parking areas must be strong enough to support the weight of vehicles, and are often made of cast iron or reinforced concrete.
1068:, many of them making a living finding unclaimed winnings in the gambling machines. An organization called Shine a Light was founded in 2009 to help the drain residents after over 20 drowning deaths occurred in the preceding years. A man in
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and other cities with combined systems have this problem due to a large influx of storm water after every heavy rain event. Some cities have dealt with this by adding large storage tanks or ponds to hold the water until it can be treated.
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Storm drains are typically installed at shallower depths than combined sewers. This is because combined sewers were designed to accept sewage flows from buildings with basements, in addition to receiving surface runoff from streets.
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Separation of undesired runoff can be achieved by installing devices within the storm sewer system. These devices are relatively new and can only be installed with new development or during major upgrades. They are referred to as
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Storm drains are often unable to manage the quantity of rain that falls during heavy rains and/or storms. When storm drains are inundated, basement and street flooding can occur. Unlike catastrophic flooding events, this type of
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area, because it is cool, dark, and retains stagnant water for a long time. Combined with standard grates, which have holes large enough for mosquitoes to enter and leave the basin, this is a major problem in mosquito control.
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Many storm drainage systems drain untreated storm water into rivers or streams. In the US, many local governments conduct public awareness campaigns about this, lest people dump waste into the storm drain system. In
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inside a property that temporarily hold runoff in heavy rains and restrict outlet flow to the public sewer. This reduces the risk of overwhelming the public sewer. Some storm drains mix stormwater (rainwater) with
418:, which lies immediately below the outlet, where water from the top of the catch basin reservoir overflows into the sewer proper. The catchbasin serves much the same function as the "trap" in household wastewater
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depends on the design of the catchbasin (for example, the size of the sump), and on routine maintenance to retain the storage available in the sump to capture sediment. Municipalities typically have large
1108:, storm drains include stone-lined structures large enough for a person to crawl through. Other examples of early civilizations with elements of stormwater drain systems include early people of
544:. Storm drains may be interconnected using slotted pipe, to make a larger dry well system. Storm drains may discharge into human-made excavations known as recharge basins or retention ponds.
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occurs in built-up areas where human-made drainage systems are prevalent. Urban flooding is the primary cause of sewer backups and basement flooding, which can affect properties repeatedly.
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1995:
512:, stairways, balconies and pits for catching rubbish, sometimes called Gross Pollutant Traps (GPTs). Pipes made of different materials can also be used, such as brick, concrete,
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vary greatly on the handling of storm drain runoff. New developments might be required to construct their own storm drain processing capacity for returning the runoff to the
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completely filling. Restricting water flow and temporarily holding the water in a detention tank public this way makes it far less likely for rain to overwhelm the sewers.
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Storm drains sometimes cannot manage the quantity of rain that falls in heavy rains or storms. Inundated drains can cause basement and street flooding. Many areas require
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Pipes can come in many different cross-sectional shapes (rectangular, square, bread-loaf-shaped, oval, inverted pear-shaped, egg shaped, and most commonly, circular).
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into adjacent soil, rather than discharged into the storm sewer system. Storm water runoff from paved surfaces can be directed to unlined ditches (sometimes called
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540:, sea or ocean. Other than catchbasins, typically there are no treatment facilities in the piping system. Small storm drains may discharge into individual
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that drain untreated storm water into rivers or streams, any hazardous substances poured into the drains will contaminate the destination bodies of water.
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886:, for example, all new catch basins installed have inscriptions on them not to dump any waste, and usually include a fish imprint as well.
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This article is about tunnels that carry runoff from urban streets. For the early sewers designed to carry both waste and storm water, see
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can interfere with stormwater runoff creating space for mosquitos to breed in water, and causing flooding. Some sewage systems in the
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Clogged drains also contribute to flooding by the obstruction of storm drains. Communities or cities can help reduce this by cleaning
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such as paved streets, car parks, parking lots, footpaths, sidewalks, and roofs. Storm drains vary in design from small residential
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Cities that installed their sewage collection systems before the 1930s typically used single piping systems to transport both
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is to spread a thin layer of oil on the surface of stagnant water, interfering with the breathing tubes of mosquito larvae.
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systems. The separation of storm sewers from sanitary sewers helps prevent sewage treatment plants becoming overwhelmed by
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In the United States, unlike the plumbing trap, the catch basin does not necessarily prevent sewer gases such as
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114" pipe installation; Pipe: 114" aluminized type 2; Flow: 25 cubic meters/second; This is a storm drain in
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practices (US terms) into municipal plans. To reduce stormwater from rooftops, flows from eaves troughs (
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A sewer designed and intended to carry only stormwater, surface runoff, street wash waters, and drainage
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from falling into the storm drain. Grate bars are spaced so that the flow of water is not impeded, but
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people live in storm drains. At least 300 people live in the 200 miles of underground storm drains of
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in the winter can also clog drains when there is an unusual amount of rain in the winter and snow is
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About 860 communities in the US have combined sewer systems, serving about 40 million people.
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Consists of a gully grating on a chamber that connects to a surface water sewer / drain, ditch, or
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installed thousands of stainless steel, full-capture trash devices on their road drains in 2011.
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gutters). Fertilizer use on residential lawns, parks and golf courses is a significant source of
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can be extremely dirty. Storm water may become contaminated while running down the road or other
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from houses and buildings can connect to the storm drain. Since many storm drainage systems are
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1771:(Report). Cincinnati, OH: EPA National Risk Management Research Laboratory. EPA 600/JA-99/275.
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437:, they are designed as true water-filled traps and do block the egress of gases and rodents.
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1615:
WEF Manual of
Practice No. 23; ASCE Manual and Report on Engineering Practice No. 87. 1998.
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were designed to have storm drains and channels to collect precipitation runoff. At Cretan
622:) before flowing into the storm sewers, again to allow the runoff to soak into the ground.
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Stormwater Best
Management Practices in an Ultra-Urban Setting: Selection and Monitoring
1636:
Stormwater
Effects Handbook: A Toolbox for Watershed Managers, Scientists, and Engineers
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1524:"Long-Term Stormwater Quantity and Quality Performance of Permeable Pavement Systems"
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772:
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Most drains have a single large exit at their point of discharge (often covered by a
188:
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109:
1881:
1582:"Reinforced concrete | Definition, Properties, Advantages, & Facts | Britannica"
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and in some cases, parking lots, to infiltrate a portion of the stormwater volume.
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during a rainstorm, which could discharge untreated sewage into the environment.
66:
Infrastructure for draining excess rain and ground water from impervious surfaces
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has grown up around the exploration of stormwater drains. Societies such as the
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607:
491:
321:
184:
141:
17:
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from Great Lakes Green
Initiative (example of a local public awareness program)
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recommends that a yellow fish symbol be painted next to existing storm drains.
414:
Some of the heavier sediment and small objects may settle in a catch basin, or
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1402:, Local Government & Municipal Knowledge Base, accessed February 6, 2010,
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A storm drain culvert under the main road empties into a bigger open channel
449:
219:
Several related terms are used differently in
American and British English.
137:
1747:
1736:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2017-03-22.
1703:"Plastic bags clogging Bangkok's sewers complicate efforts to fight floods"
1560:
1072:
was evicted from a storm drain after living there for nine months in 1986.
1030:
regularly explore the drains underneath cities. This is commonly known as "
1672:
Shoemaker, Leslie; Lahlou, Mohammed; Doll, Amy; Cazenas, Patricia (2002).
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chamber, and use the water flow and/or gravity to separate oil and grit.
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A roadside channel to prevent uncontrolled runoff along roadway surfaces
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A roadside channel to prevent uncontrolled runoff along roadway surfaces
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791:(OGS) or oil-sediment separators (OSS). They consist of a specialized
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4390:
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3302:
3292:
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1680:. Washington, DC: U.S. Federal Highway Administration. Archived from
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890:
863:
808:
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729:
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from escaping. However, in the United
Kingdom, where they are called
395:
261:
200:
113:
92:
Storm drain with its pipe visible beneath it due to construction work
1730:"NPS Outreach Toolbox: General Stormwater and Storm Drain Awareness"
1719:
Clinical
Medicine & Research February 1, 2005 vol. 3 no. 1 3-12.
954:
or by rooftop detention, public sewers are less likely to overflow.
80:
3323:
3272:
3242:
2728:
1933:"Tons of L.A. River trash will be captured before it hits the sea"
1414:
Wet-Weather Flow in the Urban
Watershed: Technology and Management
1399:
1255:
1097:
857:
849:
802:
717:
694:
680:
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556:
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during drier parts of the year and can, in warm countries, become
405:
369:
353:
332:
180:
176:
87:
79:
3439:
Dual carriageway / Divided highway / Expressway
3369:
3195:
2018:
811:, during a volunteer sanitation day. Even when there is adequate
3400:
3287:
768:
745:
737:
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and other pollutants from roadways and parking lots, as well as
578:
574:
415:
172:
3373:
3199:
2657:
2295:
2116:
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and sewage. This type of collection system is referred to as a
4231:
3252:
862:
Typical signage embedded in pavement next to a storm drain in
577:
from the storm drains to stop ponding or flooding into yards.
254:
and a storm sewer, or as an industrial sewer and a storm sewer
175:, as well as towns in areas with heavy rainfall that leads to
26:
2653:
1089:
studies have revealed use of rather sophisticated stormwater
997:, are also subject to the stormwater management regulations.
977:
may be required in sensitive ecological areas to protect the
854:
Sign alerting public to avoid dumping waste into storm drains
704:
Water running off these impervious surfaces tends to pick up
410:
Storm drain in
Kostrzyn nad OdrÄ… in Poland (formerly KĂĽstrin)
2020:
Beneath the Neon: Life and Death in the
Tunnels of Las Vegas
678:, or from lawn chemical run-off, before entering the drain.
274:
A sewer designed and intended to carry only rainwater runoff
2876:
2291:
1361:
The environmental dictionary and regulatory cross reference
1146:
1082:
History of water supply and sanitation § Sewer systems
520:
is being used more commonly for drain pipes and fittings.
476:
Catch basins act as the first-line pretreatment for other
1910:"Tidal Wave: Stormwater Ordinances as a BMP for Phase II"
1769:
The Historical Development of Wet-Weather Flow Management
728:
from lawns. Roads and parking lots are major sources of
660:, Estonia, with a mention of sewers proximity to the sea
1608:
588:
Runoff into storm sewers can be minimized by including
394:
or grids to prevent people, vehicles, large objects or
288:
A combined sewer discharge pipeline intended to bypass
484:, by capturing large sediments and street litter from
73:. For the modern sewer system that carries waste, see
823:
are frequently overwhelmed by the waste, such as in
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4345:
4187:
4176:
4028:
3915:
3832:
3823:
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3656:
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3088:
2915:
2837:
2691:
2635:
2599:
2543:
2462:
2400:
2329:
2243:
2207:
2151:
508:systems may have many different features including
1985:
1864:
1604:
268:Storm sewer, Surface water sewer, or surface sewer
1258:allowing a river to overflow into the storm drain
946:has a system of tunnels, collectively called the
1935:. L.A. NOW Southern California -- this just in.
1503:"Mpls. preps for possible flooding on Christmas"
1958:"Garrett, 2012, UE Magazine, Issue Three | PDF"
1832:"Chicago digs deep to better manage stormwater"
1818:National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
1783:"Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) Control Policy."
84:Storm drain grate on a street in Warsaw, Poland
1895:"Stormwater Discharges from Municipal Sources"
1461:. Center for Neighborhood Technology. May 2013
1093:systems in ancient cultures. For example, in
358:American-style curbside storm drain receiving
3385:
3211:
2669:
2307:
2128:
1908:Woelkers, David A. (September–October 2002).
626:materials can be used in building sidewalks,
8:
1814:"Combined Sewer Overflow Frequent Questions"
870:Storm drains are separate and distinct from
460:The performance of catch basins at removing
250:A sewer designed and intended to serve as a
1633:Burton, G. Allen Jr.; Pitt, Robert (2001).
1456:"The Prevalence and Cost of Urban Flooding"
1038:when in specific relation to storm drains.
693:, Bangladesh – a common situation in urban
488:before it enters the storm drainage pipes.
4184:
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3416:
3392:
3378:
3370:
3218:
3204:
3196:
2676:
2662:
2654:
2314:
2300:
2292:
2215:Continuous monitoring and adaptive control
2135:
2121:
2113:
1862:United States. Water Quality Act of 1987.
1431:"Fiberglass Pipe Past, Present and Future"
1272:Markeaton Interceptor Storm Relief Culvert
1987:"Subterranean home of Las Vegas's losers"
760:. Roof runoff contributes high levels of
1979:
1977:
1852:. New York: Water Watch NYC. 2009-12-22.
1767:Burrian, Steven J.; et al. (1999).
1353:
1351:
633:Many areas require that properties have
221:
1483:. Seattle, WA: Seattle Public Utilities
1325:
1131:
2643:History of water supply and sanitation
1674:"Fact Sheet--Oil/Grit Separator Units"
1522:Brattebo, B. O.; Booth, D. B. (2003).
846:Relationship to sanitary sewer systems
203:, either intentionally in the case of
4488:Median / Central reservation
1802:. New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 119.
1387:Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook
7:
958:Regulations and local building codes
2102:EPA Storm Drain Stenciling Took Kit
1609:American Society of Civil Engineers
1411:Field, Richard and Daniel Sullivan.
1389:. State of California. p. 109.
1141:A storm drain discharging into the
4406:Risk compensation (road transport)
3065:Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation
2044:Associated Press (17 April 1986).
1931:Barboza, Tony (November 1, 2011).
1875:Approved 1987-02-04. Sec. 402(p),
1869:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
1838:. London: Informa PLC. 1996-06-01.
1639:. New York: CRC/Lewis Publishers.
1613:"Urban Runoff Quality Management."
1060:In several large American cities,
591:sustainable urban drainage systems
25:
2935:Agricultural wastewater treatment
1798:Metcalf & Eddy, Inc. (1972).
1748:"How does Yellow Fish Road Work?"
1364:(3rd ed.). New York: Wiley.
756:byproducts of gasoline and other
561:A truck for cleaning storm drains
179:, and coastal towns with regular
4772:Glossary of road transport terms
3179:
3178:
1984:Adams, Guy (14 September 2009).
1916:. Forester Media. Archived from
1278:
1263:
1243:
1227:
1212:
1196:
1172:
1153:
1134:
750:polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
685:Lack of proper storm drains and
144:) is infrastructure designed to
31:
2995:Industrial wastewater treatment
2965:Decentralized wastewater system
2342:Decentralized wastewater system
1998:from the original on 2022-05-25
1100:around 2000 BC, cities such as
1006:Southeastern Los Angeles County
991:Environmental Protection Agency
807:Volunteers clearing gutters in
2090:EPA – Combined Sewer Overflows
1788:, 59 FR 18688. April 19, 1994.
1746:Trout Unlimited, Calgary, AB.
1481:"Wet Weather Preparation Tips"
1336:. staffordshire County Council
1250:The inlet to a storm drain in
1:
4754:Pavement performance modeling
4744:International roughness index
3015:Rotating biological contactor
1553:10.1016/S0043-1354(03)00410-X
813:infrastructure for sanitation
752:(PAHs), which are created as
295:Stormwater mixed with sewage
4749:Present serviceability index
4543:Sidewalk / Pavement
4088:Diamond grinding of pavement
1709:. SPH Media Ltd. 2016-09-06.
1605:Water Environment Federation
656:The drain cover, located in
382:There are two main types of
374:Full view of a storm drain (
160:to large municipal systems.
4721:Underpass / Tunnel
4716:Overpass / Flyover
4470:High-occupancy vehicle lane
4360:Driving under the influence
3434:Freeway / Motorway
1219:Storm drain overflowing in
290:wastewater treatment plants
40:It has been suggested that
4844:
3648:Highway systems by country
3080:Wastewater treatment plant
2847:Adsorbable organic halides
2551:Biogenic sulfide corrosion
2520:Stormwater detention vault
2194:Stormwater detention vault
1435:Fiberglass Tank & Pipe
1385:Amimoto, Perry Y. (1981).
1079:
1045:
1015:
900:
830:
645:
171:, freeways and other busy
163:Drains receive water from
68:
4803:Environmental engineering
4767:
4759:Granular base equivalency
4578:Traffic signal preemption
3986:Right-in/right-out (RIRO)
3892:Single-point urban (SPUI)
3311:
3233:
3174:
2852:Biochemical oxygen demand
2515:Sewer gas destructor lamp
2071:C. Michael Hogan (2007).
1850:"Combined Sewer Overflow"
689:in Kalibari community in
514:high-density polyethylene
440:Most catchbasins contain
292:during peak runoff events
57:Proposed since June 2024.
4739:Pavement condition index
4465:High-occupancy toll lane
4460:Contraflow lane reversal
4435:Barrier transfer machine
1836:American City and County
1034:", but is also known as
920:combined sewer overflows
518:Fibre reinforced plastic
473:that perform this task.
257:Same as American English
4818:Subterranea (geography)
3593:Express-collector setup
3040:Sewage sludge treatment
2980:Fecal sludge management
2940:API oil–water separator
2907:Wastewater surveillance
2576:Sanitary sewer overflow
2475:Combined sewer overflow
2347:Drain-waste-vent system
2152:Treatment / Containment
1358:King, James J. (1995).
1181:reinforced concrete box
952:detention vault or tank
610:and downspouts) may be
285:Same as British English
4777:Road types by features
4672:Raised pavement marker
4639:Constant-slope barrier
4563:Traffic directionality
4553:Street running railway
3976:Protected intersection
2897:Total suspended solids
2892:Total dissolved solids
2857:Chemical oxygen demand
2401:Construction materials
2230:Hydrodynamic separator
2225:Flow control structure
2107:7 Steps to Clean Water
2017:O'Brien, Matt (2007).
1800:Wastewater Engineering
1607:, Alexandria, VA; and
1221:Durham, North Carolina
867:
866:, in the United States
855:
828:
701:
661:
597:low impact development
562:
496:
411:
379:
362:
260:Stormwater mixed with
93:
85:
4823:Stormwater management
4813:Hydraulic engineering
4634:Concrete step barrier
3971:Offset T-intersection
2764:Industrial wastewater
2617:Industrial wastewater
2220:Flood control channel
2199:Stormwater harvesting
2146:management structures
2073:"Knossos fieldnotes."
1080:Further information:
965:and local government
861:
853:
806:
684:
655:
560:
548:Environmental impacts
516:or galvanized steel.
494:
422:in trapping objects.
409:
373:
357:
91:
83:
4677:Road surface marking
4375:Single-vehicle crash
4098:Full depth recycling
3996:Seagull intersection
3106:Groundwater recharge
2023:. Huntington Press.
1757:Accessed 2011-11-16.
699:developing countries
603:green infrastructure
50:into this article. (
4503:Pedestrian crossing
4066:Reinforced concrete
3902:Three-level diamond
3613:Two-lane expressway
3598:Farm-to-market road
3020:Secondary treatment
3005:Membrane bioreactor
2960:Constructed wetland
2759:Infiltration/Inflow
2600:Liquids transported
2571:Infiltration/Inflow
2454:Vitrified clay pipe
2444:Reinforced concrete
2382:Simplified sewerage
2164:Constructed wetland
2076:Modern Antiquarian.
2051:Beaver County Times
1545:2003WatRe..37.4369B
1285:Old storm drain in
876:infiltration/inflow
789:oil-grit separators
585:atop storm drains.
480:practices, such as
223:
154:impervious surfaces
122:surface water drain
4533:Runaway truck ramp
4355:Driver's education
4143:Rubberized asphalt
4078:Crocodile cracking
4001:Split intersection
3769:Hierarchy of roads
3730:Single carriageway
3185:Category: Sewerage
3146:Septic drain field
3111:Infiltration basin
3055:Stabilization pond
2975:Facultative lagoon
2839:Quality indicators
2719:Blackwater (waste)
2699:Acid mine drainage
2607:Blackwater (waste)
2271:Percolation trench
2266:Infiltration basin
2184:Oil-grit separator
2095:2014-07-14 at the
1897:. EPA. 2024-05-08.
1820:. EPA. 2023-06-01.
1753:2009-07-17 at the
1586:www.britannica.com
1056:Underground living
868:
856:
829:
702:
676:impervious surface
662:
563:
497:
448:breeding grounds.
412:
380:
363:
317:See roadside ditch
303:See roadside ditch
222:
94:
86:
4785:
4784:
4593:Wide outside lane
4419:
4418:
4396:Automotive safety
4277:Road slipperiness
4024:
4023:
3872:Diverging diamond
3819:
3818:
3735:Single-track road
3677:Bicycle boulevard
3367:
3366:
3329:Civil engineering
3193:
3192:
2970:Extended aeration
2917:Treatment options
2867:Oxygen saturation
2714:Blackwater (coal)
2692:Sources and types
2651:
2650:
2510:Sewer dosing unit
2463:Related equipment
2434:Interceptor ditch
2289:
2288:
2281:Semicircular bund
2030:978-0-929712-39-0
1937:Los Angeles Times
1707:The Straits Times
1539:(18): 4369–4376.
1314:Pervious concrete
1032:urban exploration
1022:An international
1018:Urban exploration
825:Bangkok, Thailand
817:plastic pollution
799:Mosquito breeding
765:organic compounds
390:Many inlets have
347:
346:
282:Stormwater bypass
64:
63:
59:
16:(Redirected from
4835:
4629:Cat's eye (road)
4450:Complete streets
4222:Dead Man's Curve
4185:
4123:Pavement milling
4038:Asphalt concrete
3981:Quadrant roadway
3922:
3844:
3830:
3796:Street hierarchy
3444:Elevated highway
3417:
3394:
3387:
3380:
3371:
3220:
3213:
3206:
3197:
3182:
3181:
3101:Evaporation pond
3089:Disposal options
3060:Trickling filter
3045:Sewage treatment
2945:Carbon filtering
2925:Activated sludge
2678:
2671:
2664:
2655:
2525:Submersible pump
2500:Sanitary manhole
2316:
2309:
2302:
2293:
2276:Permeable paving
2137:
2130:
2123:
2114:
2078:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2014:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1989:
1981:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1968:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1870:
1866:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1795:
1789:
1786:Federal Register
1779:
1773:
1772:
1764:
1758:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1726:
1720:
1717:
1711:
1710:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1669:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1658:
1649:. Archived from
1630:
1624:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1592:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1563:. Archived from
1528:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1509:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1488:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1460:
1452:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1427:
1421:
1409:
1403:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1355:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1330:
1282:
1267:
1247:
1231:
1216:
1200:
1176:
1157:
1138:
1118:Brough of Birsay
935:Washington, D.C.
833:Mosquito control
624:Permeable paving
482:retention basins
455:mosquito control
427:hydrogen sulfide
343:Only stormwater
326:Only stormwater
309:Only stormwater
277:Only stormwater
224:
148:excess rain and
134:stormwater drain
55:
35:
34:
27:
21:
18:Drainage channel
4843:
4842:
4838:
4837:
4836:
4834:
4833:
4832:
4788:
4787:
4786:
4781:
4763:
4731:
4725:
4696:
4687:Traffic barrier
4647:F-Shape barrier
4602:
4558:Traffic calming
4518:Reversible lane
4508:Pedestrian zone
4493:Motorcycle lane
4455:Contraflow lane
4427:time allocation
4426:
4415:
4411:Underride guard
4379:
4341:
4227:Expansion joint
4189:
4179:
4172:
4158:Stamped asphalt
4020:
3951:Continuous flow
3924:
3920:
3919:
3911:
3845:
3841:grade-separated
3838:
3837:
3815:
3774:Private highway
3747:
3652:
3566:
3448:
3406:
3398:
3368:
3363:
3307:
3229:
3224:
3194:
3189:
3170:
3136:Reclaimed water
3084:
3010:Reverse osmosis
2911:
2833:
2799:Reverse osmosis
2724:Boiler blowdown
2687:
2682:
2652:
2647:
2631:
2595:
2539:
2458:
2408:Asbestos cement
2396:
2325:
2320:
2290:
2285:
2239:
2203:
2189:Retention basin
2169:Detention basin
2147:
2141:
2097:Wayback Machine
2086:
2081:
2070:
2066:
2056:
2054:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2031:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2001:
1999:
1992:The Independent
1983:
1982:
1975:
1966:
1964:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1941:
1939:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1876:
1868:
1861:
1857:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1830:
1829:
1825:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1780:
1776:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1755:Wayback Machine
1745:
1741:
1734:Polluted Runoff
1728:
1727:
1723:
1718:
1714:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1687:
1685:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1656:
1654:
1647:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1603:
1599:
1590:
1588:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1567:
1526:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1507:
1505:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1486:
1484:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1439:
1437:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1410:
1406:
1398:
1394:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1372:
1357:
1356:
1349:
1339:
1337:
1334:"Highway drain"
1332:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1309:Water pollution
1300:
1293:
1283:
1274:
1268:
1259:
1248:
1239:
1232:
1223:
1217:
1208:
1203:Storm drain in
1201:
1192:
1183:storm drain in
1179:Inside a large
1177:
1168:
1161:Iron Cove Creek
1158:
1149:
1139:
1130:
1110:Mainland Orkney
1084:
1078:
1058:
1044:
1020:
1014:
1003:
987:Clean Water Act
960:
905:
899:
897:Combined sewers
888:Trout Unlimited
884:Cleveland, Ohio
848:
835:
809:Ilorin, Nigeria
801:
650:
644:
635:detention tanks
555:
550:
536:, river, lake,
526:
502:
376:Ontario, Canada
368:
352:
217:
209:unintentionally
205:combined sewers
196:detention tanks
78:
67:
60:
36:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4841:
4839:
4831:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4790:
4789:
4783:
4782:
4780:
4779:
4774:
4768:
4765:
4764:
4762:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4735:
4733:
4727:
4726:
4724:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4704:
4702:
4698:
4697:
4695:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4657:Jersey barrier
4654:
4649:
4644:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4610:
4608:
4604:
4603:
4601:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4588:Unused highway
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4568:Traffic island
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4431:
4429:
4421:
4420:
4417:
4416:
4414:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4387:
4385:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4365:Drowsy driving
4362:
4357:
4351:
4349:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4247:Level crossing
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4193:
4191:
4182:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4069:
4068:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4045:
4040:
4034:
4032:
4026:
4025:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3946:Channelization
3943:
3938:
3933:
3931:3-way junction
3927:
3925:
3916:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3848:
3846:
3833:
3827:
3825:Road junctions
3821:
3820:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3792:
3791:
3789:business route
3786:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3755:
3753:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3745:
3740:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3719:
3717:Primitive road
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3660:
3658:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3588:County highway
3585:
3583:Collector road
3580:
3574:
3572:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3564:
3559:
3557:United Kingdom
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3492:Czech Republic
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3458:
3456:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3425:
3423:
3421:Limited-access
3414:
3408:
3407:
3399:
3397:
3396:
3389:
3382:
3374:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3312:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3234:
3231:
3230:
3227:Infrastructure
3225:
3223:
3222:
3215:
3208:
3200:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3187:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3163:
3161:Surface runoff
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3141:Sanitary sewer
3138:
3133:
3131:Marine outfall
3128:
3126:Marine dumping
3123:
3118:
3116:Injection well
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3096:Combined sewer
3092:
3090:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3035:Settling basin
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2930:Aerated lagoon
2927:
2921:
2919:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2862:Coliform index
2859:
2854:
2849:
2843:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2804:Sanitary sewer
2801:
2796:
2791:
2789:Produced water
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2734:Combined sewer
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2688:
2683:
2681:
2680:
2673:
2666:
2658:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2603:
2601:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2547:
2545:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2505:Sewage pumping
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2466:
2464:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2419:Cast iron pipe
2416:
2411:
2404:
2402:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2377:Sanitary sewer
2374:
2372:Pressure sewer
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2352:Effluent sewer
2349:
2344:
2339:
2337:Combined sewer
2333:
2331:
2327:
2326:
2321:
2319:
2318:
2311:
2304:
2296:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2155:
2153:
2149:
2148:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2132:
2125:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2104:
2099:
2085:
2084:External links
2082:
2080:
2079:
2064:
2036:
2029:
2009:
1973:
1949:
1923:
1920:on 2011-07-16.
1900:
1886:
1882:§ 1342(p)
1855:
1841:
1823:
1805:
1790:
1774:
1759:
1739:
1721:
1712:
1694:
1664:
1645:
1625:
1611:, Reston, VA.
1597:
1573:
1570:on 2007-03-27.
1532:Water Research
1514:
1493:
1472:
1447:
1422:
1404:
1392:
1377:
1370:
1347:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1317:
1311:
1306:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1291:Czech Republic
1284:
1277:
1275:
1269:
1262:
1260:
1249:
1242:
1240:
1233:
1226:
1224:
1218:
1211:
1209:
1202:
1195:
1193:
1178:
1171:
1169:
1159:
1152:
1150:
1140:
1133:
1129:
1126:
1087:Archaeological
1077:
1074:
1043:
1040:
1016:Main article:
1013:
1010:
1002:
999:
963:Building codes
959:
956:
914:combined sewer
903:Combined sewer
901:Main article:
898:
895:
872:sanitary sewer
847:
844:
800:
797:
646:Main article:
643:
640:
568:urban flooding
554:
553:Water quantity
551:
549:
546:
525:
522:
501:
498:
442:stagnant water
367:
364:
351:
348:
345:
344:
341:
340:See road gully
338:
335:
328:
327:
324:
318:
315:
311:
310:
307:
304:
301:
297:
296:
293:
286:
283:
279:
278:
275:
272:
269:
265:
264:
258:
255:
252:sanitary sewer
248:
246:Combined sewer
242:
241:
238:
233:
228:
216:
213:
189:gravity sewers
165:street gutters
130:United Kingdom
106:United Kingdom
75:Sanitary sewer
71:Combined sewer
65:
62:
61:
39:
37:
30:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4840:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4808:Flood control
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4795:
4793:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4769:
4766:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4736:
4734:
4728:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4706:
4705:
4703:
4699:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4667:Noise barrier
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4624:Cable barrier
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4611:
4609:
4605:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4573:Traffic lanes
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4513:Refuge island
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4478:Living street
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4445:Climbing lane
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4432:
4430:
4428:
4422:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4382:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4352:
4350:
4348:
4347:Human factors
4344:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4312:Traffic light
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4262:Oversize load
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4252:Manhole cover
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4194:
4192:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4175:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4083:Crushed stone
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4067:
4064:
4063:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4031:
4027:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3966:Michigan left
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3918:Intersections
3914:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3867:Directional T
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3842:
3836:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3822:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3784:special route
3782:
3781:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3756:
3754:
3750:
3744:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3702:Frontage road
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3662:
3661:
3659:
3655:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3578:Arterial road
3576:
3575:
3573:
3569:
3563:
3562:United States
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3455:
3451:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3422:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3412:Types of road
3409:
3405:
3402:
3395:
3390:
3388:
3383:
3381:
3376:
3375:
3372:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3310:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3232:
3228:
3221:
3216:
3214:
3209:
3207:
3202:
3201:
3198:
3186:
3177:
3176:
3173:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3087:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3025:Sedimentation
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2914:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2836:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2819:Sewage sludge
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2744:Cooling water
2742:
2740:
2739:Cooling tower
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2704:Ballast water
2702:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2679:
2674:
2672:
2667:
2665:
2660:
2659:
2656:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2598:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2556:Blocked Sewer
2554:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2542:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2470:Chopper pumps
2468:
2467:
2465:
2461:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2424:Concrete pipe
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2362:Gravity sewer
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2317:
2312:
2310:
2305:
2303:
2298:
2297:
2294:
2282:
2279:
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2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
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2242:
2236:
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2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
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2213:
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2210:
2206:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
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2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2145:
2138:
2133:
2131:
2126:
2124:
2119:
2118:
2115:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2077:
2074:
2068:
2065:
2053:
2052:
2047:
2046:"Sewer loser"
2040:
2037:
2032:
2026:
2022:
2021:
2013:
2010:
1997:
1993:
1988:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1963:
1959:
1953:
1950:
1938:
1934:
1927:
1924:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1904:
1901:
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1743:
1740:
1735:
1731:
1725:
1722:
1716:
1713:
1708:
1704:
1698:
1695:
1684:on 2011-10-15
1683:
1679:
1675:
1668:
1665:
1653:on 2009-05-19
1652:
1648:
1646:0-87371-924-7
1642:
1638:
1637:
1629:
1626:
1622:
1621:1-57278-039-8
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1525:
1518:
1515:
1504:
1501:Nelson, Tim.
1497:
1494:
1482:
1476:
1473:
1457:
1451:
1448:
1436:
1432:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1417:, p. 109, at
1416:
1415:
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1405:
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1393:
1388:
1381:
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1373:
1371:0-471-11995-4
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1067:
1063:
1057:
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1019:
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1007:
1000:
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996:
992:
988:
982:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
957:
955:
953:
949:
945:
940:
936:
932:
931:New York City
927:
923:
921:
917:
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904:
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865:
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845:
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839:
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826:
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766:
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747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
700:
696:
692:
688:
687:sewer systems
683:
679:
677:
673:
669:
668:
659:
654:
649:
642:Water quality
641:
639:
636:
631:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
604:
599:
598:
594:(UK term) or
593:
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586:
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531:
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499:
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472:
471:vacuum trucks
467:
463:
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365:
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147:
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139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
118:highway drain
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
90:
82:
76:
72:
58:
53:
49:
45:
44:
38:
29:
28:
19:
4828:Road hazards
4692:Traffic cone
4682:Rumble strip
4583:Truck bypass
4538:Shared space
4498:Passing lane
4483:Managed lane
4440:Bicycle lane
4322:Washboarding
4317:Traffic sign
4306:
4242:Hairpin turn
4011:Texas U-turn
3941:Box junction
3835:Interchanges
3779:Route number
3687:Country lane
3429:Bike freeway
3334:Construction
3319:Architecture
3315:
3297:
3166:Vacuum sewer
3155:
3050:Sewer mining
3000:Ion exchange
2950:Chlorination
2872:Heavy metals
2829:Urban runoff
2769:Ion exchange
2749:Fecal sludge
2495:Lift station
2485:Grinder pump
2439:Plastic pipe
2392:Vacuum sewer
2386:
2251:Bioretention
2244:Infiltration
2234:
2208:Flow control
2179:Media filter
2075:
2067:
2055:. Retrieved
2049:
2039:
2019:
2012:
2000:. Retrieved
1991:
1965:. Retrieved
1961:
1952:
1940:. Retrieved
1936:
1926:
1918:the original
1913:
1903:
1889:
1858:
1844:
1835:
1826:
1817:
1808:
1799:
1793:
1785:
1777:
1762:
1742:
1733:
1724:
1715:
1706:
1697:
1686:. Retrieved
1682:the original
1677:
1667:
1655:. Retrieved
1651:the original
1635:
1628:
1623:. Chapter 1.
1600:
1589:. Retrieved
1585:
1576:
1565:the original
1536:
1530:
1517:
1506:. Retrieved
1496:
1485:. Retrieved
1475:
1463:. Retrieved
1450:
1438:. Retrieved
1434:
1425:
1419:Google Books
1412:
1407:
1395:
1386:
1380:
1360:
1338:. Retrieved
1328:
1304:Urban runoff
1085:
1059:
1035:
1021:
1004:
983:
961:
928:
924:
919:
912:
909:urban runoff
906:
880:
869:
840:
836:
821:Global South
785:
758:fossil fuels
714:heavy metals
703:
672:urban runoff
665:
663:
648:Urban runoff
632:
608:rain gutters
601:
595:
589:
587:
572:
564:
527:
503:
486:urban runoff
475:
459:
439:
434:
424:
413:
389:
381:
360:urban runoff
300:Road channel
218:
215:Nomenclature
193:
185:rain gutters
162:
150:ground water
133:
125:
121:
117:
101:
97:
95:
56:
41:
4730:Performance
4662:Kassel kerb
4619:Botts' dots
4607:Demarcation
4307:Storm drain
4272:Road debris
4197:Aquaplaning
4190:environment
4178:Road safety
4056:Cobblestone
4006:Superstreet
3811:Winter road
3759:Concurrency
3752:Other terms
3743:Sunken lane
3712:Main street
3657:Local roads
3298:Storm drain
3268:Interchange
3156:Storm drain
3151:Sewage farm
3075:Vermifilter
3030:Septic tank
2990:Imhoff tank
2887:Temperature
2794:Return flow
2784:Papermaking
2566:First flush
2480:Grease trap
2387:Storm drain
2235:Storm drain
1340:5 September
1270:Inside the
1185:Mississauga
1167:, Australia
1143:River Brent
1048:Mole people
1012:Exploration
971:water table
948:Deep Tunnel
722:fertilizers
667:first flush
612:infiltrated
322:watercourse
142:New Zealand
102:storm sewer
98:storm drain
4792:Categories
4732:indicators
4701:Structures
4652:Guard rail
4528:Road verge
4401:Seat belts
4337:Snowsquall
4302:Speed bump
4282:Road train
4103:Glassphalt
4043:Bioasphalt
4016:Turnaround
3991:Roundabout
3921:(at-grade)
3887:Roundabout
3852:Cloverleaf
3707:Green lane
3643:Trunk road
3571:Main roads
3454:By country
3359:Urban park
3339:Playground
3263:Footbridge
3121:Irrigation
2985:Filtration
2685:Wastewater
2636:Background
2627:Stormwater
2490:Maceration
2449:Steel pipe
2357:Force main
2174:Green roof
2144:Stormwater
1967:2023-03-16
1914:Stormwater
1688:2011-11-16
1662:Chapter 2.
1657:2009-06-03
1591:2023-04-21
1508:2017-08-26
1487:2024-05-13
1465:12 October
1440:3 February
1400:Kerb Inlet
1321:References
1287:Kutná Hora
1052:Underclass
1046:See also:
1024:subculture
985:under the
967:ordinances
831:See also:
781:phosphorus
773:galvanized
754:combustion
726:pesticides
691:Mymensingh
510:waterfalls
466:pollutants
464:and other
450:Larvicides
435:gully pots
384:stormwater
314:Road gully
4523:Road diet
4425:Space and
4370:Road rage
4257:Oil spill
4217:Crosswind
4207:Black ice
4202:Avalanche
4128:Permeable
3961:Jughandle
3956:Hook turn
3862:Free-flow
3806:Toll road
3725:Side road
3682:Boulevard
3638:Super two
3633:Ring road
3608:Link road
3507:Hong Kong
3462:Australia
3404:hierarchy
3316:See also:
2955:Clarifier
2902:Turbidity
2754:Greywater
2612:Greywater
2591:Sewer rat
2586:Sewer gas
2581:Sewer fly
2530:Sump pump
2414:Brickwork
2159:Biofilter
1878:33 U.S.C.
1252:Markeaton
1238:, Mexico.
1207:, Austria
1205:Obertraun
1070:San Diego
1066:Las Vegas
1042:Residence
1028:Cave Clan
979:watershed
975:bioswales
762:synthetic
710:motor oil
628:driveways
620:bioswales
542:dry wells
538:reservoir
532:) into a
478:treatment
331:Roadside
240:Comments
169:motorways
158:dry wells
138:Australia
4798:Drainage
4711:Causeway
4548:Shoulder
4384:Vehicles
4332:Whiteout
4292:Rockfall
4287:Roadkill
4212:Bleeding
4188:Road and
4148:Sealcoat
4073:Corduroy
4061:Concrete
4051:Chipseal
4030:Surfaces
3882:Raindrop
3697:Driveway
3692:Dead end
3672:Backroad
3623:2+2 road
3618:2+1 road
3542:Portugal
3532:Pakistan
3283:Pipeline
3278:Overpass
3258:Drainage
3248:Causeway
2882:Salinity
2774:Leachate
2709:Bathroom
2544:Problems
2323:Sewerage
2261:Dry well
2256:Bioswale
2093:Archived
1996:Archived
1751:Archived
1561:14511707
1298:See also
1191:, Canada
1122:Scotland
1116:and the
1112:such as
1102:Phaistos
1062:homeless
1036:draining
1001:Examples
995:highways
777:nitrates
706:gasoline
506:Drainage
462:sediment
446:mosquito
420:plumbing
400:sediment
392:gratings
350:Function
231:American
177:flooding
167:on most
43:Drainage
4614:Bollard
4598:Woonerf
4327:Washout
4267:Pothole
4180:factors
4168:Texture
4138:Plastic
4118:Macadam
3907:Trumpet
3857:Diamond
3628:Parkway
3603:Highway
3517:Ireland
3497:Germany
3487:Croatia
3467:Belgium
3354:Theatre
3349:Stadium
2809:Septage
2561:Fatberg
2429:Culvert
2367:Outfall
1942:May 18,
1865:Pub. L.
1541:Bibcode
1236:Guasave
1189:Ontario
1145:in the
1128:Gallery
1114:Gurness
1106:Knossos
1076:History
944:Chicago
939:Seattle
793:manhole
742:cadmium
658:Tallinn
530:grating
431:methane
236:British
183:. Even
52:Discuss
4707:Bridge
4391:Airbag
4163:Tarmac
4108:Gravel
3936:Bowtie
3877:Parclo
3801:Stroad
3764:Detour
3739:Street
3667:Avenue
3552:Taiwan
3537:Poland
3502:Greece
3477:Canada
3472:Brazil
3344:Public
3303:Tunnel
3293:Skyway
3238:Bridge
3183:
2824:Toilet
2814:Sewage
2779:Manure
2622:Sewage
2057:21 May
2027:
2002:21 May
1962:Scribd
1880:
1871:
1643:
1619:
1559:
1368:
1289:, the
1165:Sydney
1095:Minoan
1091:runoff
1054:, and
989:. The
916:system
891:Canada
864:Boston
771:(from
734:copper
730:nickel
616:swales
583:plowed
575:leaves
524:Outlet
500:Piping
396:debris
262:sewage
201:sewage
181:storms
132:), or
114:Canada
48:merged
4133:Plank
4047:Brick
3897:Stack
3663:Alley
3547:Spain
3527:Nepal
3522:Italy
3512:India
3482:China
3324:Arena
3273:Levee
3243:Canal
2729:Brine
2330:Types
1873:100–4
1781:EPA.
1568:(PDF)
1527:(PDF)
1459:(PDF)
1316:roads
1256:Derby
1098:Crete
718:trash
695:slums
670:from
534:canal
366:Inlet
333:ditch
207:, or
173:roads
152:from
146:drain
126:sewer
4643:Curb
4474:Lane
4237:Ford
4153:Sett
4093:Dirt
3721:Road
3401:Road
3288:Road
3070:UASB
2535:Trap
2410:pipe
2059:2010
2025:ISBN
2004:2010
1944:2021
1641:ISBN
1617:ISBN
1557:PMID
1467:2021
1442:2022
1366:ISBN
1342:2024
973:and
779:and
769:zinc
767:and
748:and
746:lead
738:zinc
724:and
664:The
579:Snow
429:and
416:sump
227:Term
140:and
112:and
110:U.S.
4297:Rut
4232:Fog
4113:Ice
3253:Dam
1549:doi
1120:in
697:in
618:or
600:or
453:of
116:),
46:be
4794::
2877:pH
2048:.
1994:.
1990:.
1976:^
1960:.
1912:.
1834:.
1816:.
1732:.
1705:.
1676:.
1584:.
1555:.
1547:.
1537:37
1535:.
1529:.
1433:.
1350:^
1254:,
1187:,
1163:,
1147:UK
1124:.
1050:,
981:.
937:,
933:,
922:.
815:,
783:.
744:,
740:,
736:,
732:,
716:,
712:,
708:,
211:.
120:,
108:,
100:,
96:A
3843:)
3839:(
3393:e
3386:t
3379:v
3219:e
3212:t
3205:v
2677:e
2670:t
2663:v
2315:e
2308:t
2301:v
2136:e
2129:t
2122:v
2061:.
2033:.
2006:.
1970:.
1946:.
1691:.
1660:.
1594:.
1551::
1543::
1511:.
1490:.
1469:.
1444:.
1374:.
1344:.
827:.
378:)
136:(
128:(
124:/
104:(
77:.
54:)
20:)
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