The Fens - Knowledge (XXG)

227: 1319: 590: 1331: 1343: 88: 1493: 1974:, the design has gained widespread popularity as the de facto flag of the region. The tiger is a homage to the term "Fen Tiger", which was originally coined in the 17th century to describe locals who exhibited fierce resistance to the drainage schemes in the Fens. The yellow symbolises the agricultural prosperity of the Fens, while the blue represents both the natural and man-made waterways of the region. 1448: 404: 1967: 1047: 74: 2785:. Some scholars, such as Keith Lindley, include the Isle of Axholme as part of the Fenland, as it has the same kind of environment and a similar environmental and social history. But it is not contiguous with the rest of the East Anglian Fenland, nor was its drainage ever jointly organised with that of any of the main Fenland drainage areas. It is generally designated as a separate area. 1918: 1036:. Generally, their road system avoided the Fens, except for minor roads designed for exporting the products of the region, especially salt, beef and leather. Sheep were probably raised on the higher ground of the Townlands and fen islands, then as in the early 19th century. There may have been some drainage efforts during the Roman period, including the 1079:, Swineshead and Boston. All the Townlands parishes were laid out as elongated strips, to provide access to the products of fen, marsh and sea. On the fen edge, parishes are similarly elongated to provide access to both upland and fen. The townships are therefore often nearer to each other than they are to the distant farms in their own parishes. 546:. In the 17th century, the Great Level was divided into the North, Middle and South Levels for the purposes of administration and maintenance. In the 20th century, these levels were given new boundaries; they included some fens that were never part of the jurisdiction of the Bedford Level Corporation. 1535:

As of 2008, there are estimated to be 4,000 farms in the Fens involved in agriculture and horticulture, including arable, livestock, poultry, dairy, orchards, vegetables and ornamental plants and flowers. They employ about 27,000 people in full-time and seasonal jobs. In turn, they support around 250

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Since the 19th century, all of the acid peat in the Fens has disappeared. Drying and wastage of peats has greatly reduced the depth of the alkaline peat soils and reduced the overall elevation of large areas of the peat fens. It is also recorded that peat was dug out of the East and West Lincolnshire

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The dead vegetation of the peat remained undecayed because it was deprived of air (the peat being anaerobic). When it was drained, the oxygen of the air reached it, since then the peat has been slowly oxidizing. This, together with the shrinkage on its initial drying and the removal of soil by the

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However, their success was short-lived. Once drained of water, the peat shrank, and the fields lowered further. The more effectively they were drained, the worse the problem became, and soon the fields were lower than the surrounding rivers. By the end of the 17th century, the land was under water

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as engineer. Contrary to popular belief, Vermuyden was not involved with the draining of the Great Fen in Cambridgeshire and Norfolk in the 1630s, but only became involved with the second phase of construction in the 1650s. The scheme was imposed despite huge opposition from locals who were losing

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silt soils deposited near the coast. Though water levels rose once again in the early medieval period, by this time artificial banks protected the coastal settlements and the interior from further deposits of marine silts. Peats continued to develop in the freshwater wetlands of the interior fens.

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marshes. Fenland water levels peaked in the Iron Age; earlier Bronze and Neolithic settlements were covered by peat deposits, and have only recently been found after periods of extensive droughts revealed them. During the Roman period, water levels fell once again. Settlements developed on the new

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In general, of the three principal soil types found in the Fenland today, the mineral-based silt resulted from the energetic marine environment of the creeks, the clay was deposited in tidal mud-flats and salt-marsh, while the peat grew in the fen and bog. The peat produces black soils, which are

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in Cambridgeshire, is around 2.75 metres (9 ft 0 in) below sea level. Within the Fens are a few hills, which have historically been called "islands", as they remained dry when the low-lying fens around them were flooded. The largest of the fen-islands was the 23-square-mile (60 km)

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p. 526). In 1750 John Moore records a severe shock attended by a rumbling noise in Bourn after midday. This was felt in Lincolnshire, Leicestershire and Northamptonshire. Houses tottered, slates, tiles and some chimneys fell. As it was a Sunday, some people ran out of the churches "in great

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Since the advent of modern drainage in the 19th and 20th centuries, the Fens have been radically transformed. Today arable farming has almost entirely replaced pastoral. The economy of the Fens is heavily invested in the production of crops such as grains, vegetables, and some cash crops such as

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Without artificial drainage and flood protection, the Fens would be liable to periodic flooding, particularly in winter due to the heavy load of water flowing down from the uplands and overflowing the rivers. Some areas of the Fens were once permanently flooded, creating lakes or

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was applied to this acid peatland occurring on hills. These moors disappeared in the 19th century. Researchers did not think that the Fenland had this kind of peat, until the discovery of archaeological and documentary evidence showing that it did until the early 19th

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on. The evidence suggests that Mesolithic settlement in Cambridgeshire was particularly along the fen edges and on the low islands within the fens, to take advantage of the hunting and fishing opportunities of the wetlands. Internationally important sites include

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Over 70% of the Fens is involved in environmental stewardship schemes, under which 270 miles (430 km) of hedgerow and 1,780 miles (2,860 km) of ditches are managed, providing large wildlife corridors and habitat for endangered animals such as the

332:, much of the Fenland originally consisted of fresh- or salt-water wetlands. These have been artificially drained and continue to be protected from floods by drainage banks and pumps. With the support of this drainage system, the Fenland has become a major 1472:

The major part of the draining of the Fens was effected in the late 18th and early 19th century, again involving fierce local rioting and sabotage of the works. The final success came in the 1820s when windpumps were replaced with powerful coal-powered

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and across the fens to the Welland. It was deforested in the early 13th century. There is little agreement as to the exact dates of the establishment and demise of the forest, but it seems likely that the deforestation was connected with the

1211:, who were then living in the Fens. However, Bertram Colgrave, in the introduction to one edition, doubts this account, because of the lack of evidence of British survival in the region. British place names in the area are "very few". 1214:

Monastic life was disrupted by Danish (Anglo-Saxon) raids and centuries of settlement from the 6th century but was revived in the mid-10th-century monastic revival. In the 11th century, the whole area was incorporated into a united

871:: this developed where the peat grew above the reach of the land water which carried the nutrients to the fen. Its development was enabled where the fen was watered directly by rainfall. The slightly acidic rain washed the 1556:

Project was initiated to return parts of the Fens to their original pre-agricultural state. The periodic flooding by the North Sea, which renewed the character of the Fenlands, was characterised conventionally by the 1911

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In the early Christian period of Anglo-Saxon England, a number of Christians sought the isolation that could be found in the wilderness of the Fens. Later classified as saints, often with close royal links, they include

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Though some signs of Roman hydraulics survive, and there were also some medieval drainage works, land drainage was begun in earnest during the 1630s by the various investors who had contracts with

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or one of its early 13th-century restatements, though it may have been as late as 1240. The forest would have affected the economies of the townships around it and it appears that the present

481:, and the harvesting of reeds or sedge for thatch. In this way, the medieval and early modern Fens stood in contrast to the rest of England, which was primarily an arable agricultural region. 826:

These rising sea levels flooded the previously inland woodland of the Fenland basin; over the next few thousand years both saltwater and freshwater wetlands developed as a result. Silt and

434:. Although one writer in the 17th century described the Fenland as entirely above sea level (in contrast to the Netherlands), the area now includes the lowest land in the United Kingdom. 2872:

A discourse concerning the drayning of fennes and surrounded grounds in the sixe counteys of Norfolk, Suffolke, Cambridge, with the Isle of Ely, Huntington, Northampton and Lincolne

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region supporting a rich ecology and numerous species. Most of the fens were drained centuries ago, resulting in a flat, dry, low-lying agricultural region supported by a system of

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fens in the 14th century and used to fire the salterns of Wrangle and Friskney. In later centuries it was used locally for winter fuel and its digging controlled by the

261:. There have been unintended consequences to this reclamation, as the land level has continued to sink and the dykes have been built higher to protect it from flooding. 3984: 865:: this is a broad expanse of nutrient-rich shallow water in which dead plants do not fully decay, resulting in a flora of emergent plants growing in saturated peat. 3371: 4968: 3538: 426:

uplands that surround them – in most places no more than 10 metres (33 ft) above sea level. As a result of drainage and the subsequent shrinkage of the

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there is a project in place aiming at building an indoor stadium for ice sports. If successful, it will have the largest sheet of ice in the country with both a

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features a character called Ethelreda Benedict, who comes from a small island in the Fens in the 17th century, in the second book of her ‘House’ trilogy,

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The Fens today are protected by 60 miles (97 km) of embankments defending against the sea and 96 miles (154 km) of river embankments. Eleven

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Bedford Levels information from Ordnance Survey 1:50 000 First Series Sheets 142 (1974) and 143 (1974). Lincolnshire information from Wheeler, W. H.

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of the rivers, and general flood defences, stop the land from being inundated. Nonetheless, these works are now much more effective than they were.

899:, which reached from the sea into the marsh, the Townlands and in some places, the fen. They were named only if big enough to be regarded as havens 2093:, prolific writer of detective fiction, took her eccentric sleuth, the psychiatrist Mrs Lestrange Bradley, to the Fens in several books, notably 830:

soils were deposited by marine floods in the saltwater areas and along the beds of tidal rivers, while organic soils, or peats, developed in the

3589: 3323: 1071:. It is clear that there was some prosperity there, particularly where rivers permitted access to the upland beyond the fen. Such places were 4983: 3205: 2982: 2744: 465:, where the towns had their arable fields. Though these lands were lower than the peat fens before the peat shrinkage began, the more stable 1207:

who lived in the Fens during the early 8th century, Saint Guthlac was described as attacked on several occasions by people he believed were

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The so-called "Flag of the Fens", designed by resident vexillographer James Bowman in 2016. Although it has yet to be registered with the

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Margaret Albright Knittl, "The design for the initial drainage of the Great Level of the Fens: an historical whodunit in three parts",

2561:’ Jackman and Evans crime series, with Armitage to play the lead character in a television adaptation based on the novels and entitled 1928: 4963: 4035: 2630:, one of the oldest purpose-built museums in the UK. It has a wide collection of items associated with Fenland trades and settlements. 1561:

as "ravaged by serious inundations of the sea". The modern approach is to allow a little farmland to be flooded again and turned into

1519:(IDB) groups maintain 286 pumping stations and 3,800 miles (6,100 km) of watercourses, with the combined capacity to pump 16,500 1429: 1409:), funded the construction and were rewarded with large grants of the resulting farmland. The work was directed by engineers from the 589: 3619: 1433: 1107:. Surrounded by water and marshes, the Fens provided a safe area that was easily defended and not particularly desirable to invading 3915: 3165: 2954: 2855: 2830: 2292: 1953: 1632:

Many historic cities, towns and villages have grown up in the fens, sited chiefly on the few areas of raised ground. These include:

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along the western edge of the Fenland between Peterborough and Lincolnshire, but most canals were constructed for transportation.

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The Lindsey Level, also known as the Black Sluice District, was first drained in 1639 and extends from the Glen and Bourne Eau to

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that developed naturally during the Bronze and Iron Ages), on which the settlers built homes and grew vegetables for households

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were used to pump water away from affected areas. The Company of Adventurers were more formally incorporated in 1663 as the

1197:. Hermitages on the islands became centres of communities which later developed as monasteries with massive estates. In the 1378:

their livelihoods based on fishing and wildfowling. Fenmen known as the Fen Tigers tried to sabotage the drainage efforts.

4108: 2932:"An Act for settling the Draining of the Great Level of the Fens called Bedford Level", 1663, reproduced in Samuel Wells, 2642: 1330: 3430: 1043:

How far seaward the Roman settlement extended is unclear owing to the deposits laid down above them during later floods.

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The Middle Level lies between the Ouse Washes and the Nene, but historically was defined as between the Ouse Washes and

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The Great Level of the Fens is the largest region of fen in eastern England: including the lower drainage basins of the

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was limited to the higher areas of the surrounding uplands, the fen islands, and the so-called "Townlands", an arch of

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When written records resume in Anglo-Saxon England, the names of a number of peoples of the Fens are recorded in the

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The Fens have been referred to as the "Holy Land of the English" because of the former monasteries, now churches and

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p. 64, (1684) this took place in Lincolnshire. In 1117 one affected Holland, Lincs, "endangering and injuring

584: 4993: 4741: 4398: 2601: 2259: 1750: 1645: 1418: 1364: 744: 724: 543: 510: 2760: 1991:, drew inspiration for many of his supernatural fantasies from the Fens. His books with Fenland themes include: 1659: – one of the Fen Five monasteries – is known as the "Ship of the Fens"; administrative centre of the 1322:"A Map of the Great Levell, representing it as it lay drowned." from "The history of imbanking and drayning" by 823:. As the ice melted, the rising sea level drowned the lower lands, leading ultimately to the present coastline. 336:

agricultural region for grains and vegetables. The Fens are particularly fertile, containing around half of the

4953: 4922: 4834: 4339: 4083: 1987: 1262:. As major landowners, the monasteries played a significant part in the early efforts at drainage of the Fens. 820: 650: 622: 513:. The details of the organisation vary with the history of their development, but the areas generally include: 2083: 1785:, the largest of the many settlements along the fen edge and sometimes called the "Gateway to the Fens"; its 473:

against any floods coming down from the peat areas or from the sea. The rest of the Fenland was dedicated to

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shows the changing face of the Fens and the story of their drainage. It is housed in an old pumping station.

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The Search for Holmes, Robson, Hind, Steele and Graham Families of Cumberland and Northumberland, England

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businesses involved in food and drink manufacturing and distribution, employing around 17,500 people.

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Many original records of the Bedford Level Corporation, including maps of the Levels, are now held by

1134:, meaning "foreigner". However, the villages are in close proximity to the old Roman sea wall, so the 4513: 4507: 4496: 4424: 4404: 4365: 4292: 4240: 4141: 4072: 2534: 1982: 1636: 1370: 1360: 1296: 842: 694: 666: 654: 626: 368: 192: 92:

Map of the Fens within eastern England along with the major settlements, rivers and drains within it.

35: 3703:"Richard Armitage acquires film and TV rights to Ellis' Jackman and Evans series and will play lead" 3597: 2029:, soon to be turned into a television adaptation (see below). Her stand-alone psychological fiction 530:, it covers about 500 sq mi (1,300 km). It is also known as the Bedford Level, after 230:

England population density and low elevation coastal zones. The Fens are particularly vulnerable to

4912: 4767: 4735: 4471: 3486: 3327: 2796: 2542: 2209: 1660: 1652: 1585: 1541: 1509: 1478: 1451: 1374: 1216: 1033: 788: 440: 380: 352: 203: 182: 136: 1565:. By introducing fresh water, the organisers of the project hope to encourage species such as the 950:, the dried raised bed of a watercourse, is more suitable for building than the less stable peat. 4773: 4518: 2665: 2615: 2572: 2495: 2438: 2060: 1621: 1496: 1482: 1428:

Though the three Bedford Levels together formed the biggest scheme, they were not the only ones.

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Richard Armitage’s White Boar Films and Sprout Pictures have acquired the film and TV rights to

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Collections for a Topographical, Historical, and Descriptive Account of the Hundred of Aveland

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During most of the 12th century and the early 13th century, the south Lincolnshire fens were

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After the end of Roman Britain, there is a break in written records. It is thought that some

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and internal drainage of the land between the rivers. The internal drainage was organised by

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is a scheme to restore navigation to some of the drainage works. It is planned to bring the

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It is debated whether this area includes the fen areas of north Lincolnshire, such as the

2678: 2510: 2479: 2424: 2380: 2343: 2287: 2243: 2134: 2090: 2078: 2041: 1864: 1820:, and famed for its annual Flower Parade held from 1959 to 2013 which was revived in 2023. 1736: 1335: 1323: 1259: 1021: 816: 310: 284: 125: 42: 2498:, is based on Graham Swift's book with the same title. Many of its scenes were filmed at 453:, while others were flooded only during periods of high water. In the pre-modern period, 271:

or former marshland. It also designates the type of marsh typical of the area, which has

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This article is about the region in England. For the park in Boston, Massachusetts, see

4877: 4646: 4634: 4598: 4556: 4460: 4245: 4217: 4212: 4113: 4078: 2499: 2483: 2332: 2310: 2223: 2120: 2004: 1971: 1893: 1826:, one of the Fen Five monasteries; later model village and agricultural estates of the 1677: 1562: 1347: 1275: 1247: 1228: 1092: 966: 728: 698: 502: 470: 431: 372: 306: 301:, and are an area of nearly 1,500 sq mi (3,900 km) in the south east of 231: 145: 101: 64: 2675:, a museum of fen drainage based around the longest-working beam engine and scoopwheel 2545:

has a bridge on the Brendam Branch called the Fenland Track that crosses over a marsh.

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to do so. The leader of one of these syndicates was the Earl of Bedford, who employed

1334:"The Map of the Great Levell drained" from "The history of imbanking and drayning" by 974:

consternation". In 1792 another shock was also felt in Bourne and neighbouring towns.

4947: 4927: 4892: 4829: 4414: 4382: 4360: 3563: 3141: 2519: 2323: 2229: 1851:, formerly in Norfolk, but part of which was merged with Wisbech in the 20th century. 1832: 1801: 1656: 1524: 1410: 1292: 1243: 1239: 1170: 969:". In 1185 Lincoln was damaged. In 1448 a shock was recorded in south Lincolnshire ( 961:

Written records of earthquakes in the Fen area appear as early as 1048. According to

896: 872: 850: 572: 129: 31: 3835: 2977:, Archeological Reports, vol. 1, Liverpool University Press, Historic England, 2733: 1592:

and parts of the Car Dyke into use as part of a route between Boston and Cambridge.

17: 4932: 4819: 4593: 4582: 4445: 4223: 4192: 3680: 3275: 3224:. University of Leicester Archaeological Services. 26 February 2007. Archived from 3006:

Fulman, William; Gale, Thomas, eds. (1684–1691), "Ingulfi Croylandendis Historia",

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lie in the southern most parts of Lincolnshire, between the Rivers Welland and the

568: 403: 356: 302: 141: 2624:, a social history museum located on the ground floor of a 19th-century Town Hall. 811:

indicates that the rivers of the southern part of eastern England flowed into the

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The History of the Drainage of the Great Level of the Fens called Bedford Level,

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Miller, S. H. Saunders, W. H. Bernard (ed.). "21. Earthquakes in the Fenland".

1966: 1046: 819:. From the Fens northward along the modern coast, the drainage flowed into the 4854: 4814: 4778: 4761: 4746: 4707: 4491: 4207: 4182: 4170: 4098: 3820:(2nd ed.). Boston, London: J.M. Newcombe and Simpkin, Marshall & Co. 3434: 2709: 2697: 2693: 2684: 2474: 2460: 2319: 2218: 2184:

The following fictions, or substantial portions of them, are set in the Fens:

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is one of the Fen Five monasteries; administrative centre of the Peterborough

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was built: its highest point is 39 metres (128 ft) above mean sea level.

412: 294:, based on their landscape, biodiversity, geodiversity and economic activity. 78: 3999: 3986: 3825: 3799:

A history of the drainage of the Great Level of the Fens called Bedford Level

3731: 1672:-Edge Villages strung out along the Fens' southernmost border, just north of 1481:, which were themselves replaced with diesel-powered pumps, such as those at 905:, or shallow lakes, which were more or less static but aerated by wind action 859:: this is the higher part of a tidal wash, on which salt-adapted plants grew. 4859: 4793: 4729: 4627: 4501: 4324: 4272: 4176: 4123: 4118: 3180:

Geographical etymology. A dictionary of place-names giving their derivations

2654: 2558: 2237: 2188: 2014: 1881: 1693: 1689: 1673: 1665: 1553: 1274:. The area was enclosed by a line from Spalding, along the River Welland to 1100: 1068: 1029: 997: 808: 800: 792: 594: 435: 423: 344: 325: 173: 3539:"MP calls for "Flag of the Fens" to be added to the official flag register" 1978:

Some authors have featured the Fens repeatedly in their work. For example:

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title character is a fictional physician living in 14th-century Cambridge.

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includes a tale of unrest and resistance by Fenland labourers around 1800

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had the Lindsey Level inhabited by farmers by 1638, but the onset of the

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out of the peat, making it more suitable for acid-loving plants, notably

868: 846: 714: 580: 486: 462: 454: 408: 348: 298: 250: 178: 3341: 1721:, bridging point over the Nene and home to a 17th-century Puritan chapel 4676: 4604: 4551: 4307: 4277: 4267: 4165: 3976: 3907: 3735: 3727: 2658: 2269: 2175: 2008: 1860: 1718: 1208: 1182: 1072: 804: 752: 478: 392: 318: 314: 280: 153: 149: 113: 2081:, a children's author, set many of her books in the Fens, for example 1154:

to mean "the district under particular jurisdiction by the wall", and

215: 4686: 4671: 4454: 4355: 4334: 4262: 4257: 4202: 4088: 2651:, who led the English resistance to the Norman Conquest from the fens 2180:

returns to his home in the Fens one last time in the opening chapter.

1706:, one of the Fen Five monasteries; also a medieval triangular bridge; 1279: 1219:. The Fens remained a place of refuge and intrigue. It was here that 1204: 1174: 1096: 947: 638: 509:

or districts, each of which includes the fen parts of one or several

490: 276: 199: 2618:, the changing face of the Fens, including restored drainage engines 931:: areas of higher land, which were never covered by the growing peat 853:, which are sometimes exposed and at other times covered with water. 3965: 2039:

sets a number of his science-fiction novels in the Fens, including

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The North Level now includes all of the fens in Cambridgeshire and

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may be in need of reorganization to comply with Knowledge (XXG)'s

1807: 1733:, a large village approximately 6 miles (9.7 km) north of Ely 1601: 1491: 1446: 1329: 1317: 1088: 1045: 922: 812: 625:

running between the two Fens and the area covers both the town of

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and Lincolnshire, which were under their own local jurisdictions.

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Page, William; Proby, Granville; Inskip Ladds, S., eds. (1936).

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Aspects of Yellow Belly History, J. Dear & T. Taylor. 1988

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is set in a fictional town called Saxton, located in the Fens.

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seems to have joined in the general prosperity by about 1280.

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many rivers, both natural and (from Roman times on) artificial

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and to the north east it extends up as far as the edge of the

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History of Imbanking and Drayning of Divers Fens and. Marshes

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that led to the formation of the Black Sluice Commissioners.

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There is evidence of human settlement near the Fens from the

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Felix's Life of Saint Guthlac: Texts, Translation and Notes

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Two cuts were made in the Cambridgeshire Fens to join the

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These areas cover the northern most part of the Fens from

3676:"The Wake by Paul Kingsnorth review 'A literary triumph'" 1489:, the small electric stations that are still used today. 773:

Sixth District: Blacksluice – Helpringham Eau to Kyme Eau

309:(which also includes parts of the old historic county of 2876:

The Drayner Confirmed, and the Obstinate Fenman Confuted

2687:, one of the few remaining undrained fens, owned by the 2681:, a similar area of wetlands in the southwest of England 2605:

the Fens is an area that the game can randomly generate.

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with what later became central England; it runs between

3487:"Flying the Local Flags for Cambridgeshire and Fenland" 1935: 1835:

a low lying village formerly in the hundred of Wisbech.

1346:

Southern Lincolnshire from a mid-17th-century atlas by

538:(investors) in the 17th-century drainage in this area; 439:

Kimmeridge Clay island, on which the cathedral city of

1440:

permitted the destruction of the works until the 1765

921:, a broad bank of silt (the remains of the huge creek 560:, a 15th-century canal that runs north of the town of 3160:, by James Rye: Dereham, Norfolk: Larks Press, 2000; 2975:

Fenland Survey. An essay in landscape and persistence

1753:, a market town and home to UK's largest food cannery 838:

The wetlands of the fens have historically included:

3512:"Fens flag campaign to capture "fighting qualities"" 3324:"Historyof the Black Sluice Internal Drainage Board" 2469:

Some films have large portions set in the Fenlands:

367:. Other significant settlements in the Fens include 4802: 4717: 4619: 4527: 4443: 4348: 4233: 4151: 4064: 3010:(in Latin), vol. 1, Oxford: Sheldonian Theatre 1016:, a road across the Fens to link what later became 779:These were drained in the 18th and 19th centuries. 279:water and relatively large quantities of dissolved 210: 189: 172: 164: 159: 135: 119: 107: 97: 55: 2968: 2966: 2964: 2962: 2732: 1464:Service at the County Record Office in Cambridge. 1067:The early post-Roman settlements were made on the 3845:. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). pp. 256–259. 2949:2nd ed. (1896) facsimile ed. Paul Watkins (1990) 1759:, a market town and administrative centre of the 1531:Modern farming and food manufacturing in the Fens 1504:wind, has meant that much of the Fens lies below 553:and surrounds Ely, as it did in the 17th century. 2127:, one of the longest-running series of plays on 1798:, a market town; one of the Fen Five monasteries 1774:, the village was the last location of a mobile 1126:suggest the native British population, with the 2874:. London: 1629. Reprinted in 1647 under title: 2017:set her multiple detective series in the Fens: 1350:, showing unsettled areas within undrained fens 1095:, who were migrating across the North Sea from 1091:may have moved west into the Fens to avoid the 3934:The Fens: Discovering England's Ancient Depths 3801:. Vol. 2. Fleet Street, London: R.Pheney. 3145:(Cambridge University Press 1956), pp. 108–11. 2174:, the central character Barnabas Sackett from 1938:to make improvements to the overall structure. 1234:Fenland monastic houses include the so-called 418:The Fens are very low-lying compared with the 4029: 3401:"Members - Federation of International Bandy" 3153: 3151: 2057:set several of his ghost stories in the Fens. 1985:, writer of adolescent fiction and author of 673:. Also this area includes the market town of 549:The South Level lies to the southeast of the 469:soils were reclaimed by medieval farmers and 41:"Fenlands" redirects here. For the film, see 8: 2669:, a symphonic poem by Ralph Vaughan Williams 2582:The Bedford Level appears in the video game 2578:Video games also have been set in the Fens: 2027:DI Rowan Jackman & DS Marie Evans series 1173:and Christian histories. They include North 399:Background: historical flooding and drainage 324:Most of the Fens lie within a few metres of 267:is the local term for an individual area of 3972:Flag Fen Archaeology Trust official website 3817:A History of the Fens of South Lincolnshire 3125:. Hodder and Stroughton, London, 1973. p30. 2947:A History of the Fens of South Lincolnshire 1863:("Capital of the Fens"), a market town and 1857:, a market town; annual Straw Bear Festival 1150:is generally believed to mean "wall-town", 430:fens, many parts of the Fens now lie below 27:Natural region on the east coast of England 4036: 4022: 4014: 3889:From Punt to Plough: A history of the Fens 2573:Ralph Vaughan Williams, In the Fen Country 1816:, a market town, administrative centre of 1223:was brought to be murdered and here where 657:. Its waters is carried mostly though the 52: 3200:. Cambridge University Press. p. 1. 2593:The Lost Crown: A Ghost-Hunting Adventure 1954:Learn how and when to remove this message 1462:Cambridgeshire Archives and Local Studies 501:Drainage in the Fenland consists of both 2735:Fenland riots and the English revolution 2368:(short story collection), Penguin, 2016. 1639:, port and administrative centre of the 1341: 1158:to mean simply "wall-pole" (Old English 3374:. NFU East Anglia. 2008. Archived from 3138:p.245 (Notes & Sources) references 2821:Wise, John; Noble, W. Mackreth (1882). 2722: 2639:, a sport for which the Fens are famous 2123:wrote a series of radio plays entitled 1355:Early modern attempts to drain the Fens 1114:It has been proposed that the names of 209: 171: 158: 96: 84: 70: 3977:The Great Fen Project official website 3366: 3364: 3362: 3158:A Popular Guide to Norfolk Place-names 1804:named after an early drainage project. 795:, ten thousand years ago, Britain and 4969:Land management in the United Kingdom 3853:A History of the County of Huntingdon 3372:"Why Farming Matters in the Fens (2)" 2117:has several chapters set in the Fens. 1393:, the latter being known also as the 689:Holland, Wildmore, West and East Fens 593:The former by-laws of Deeping Fen at 188: 168:1,500 sq mi (3,900 km) 163: 134: 118: 106: 7: 3943:Imperial Mud: The Fight for the Fens 2554:was set around Boston, Lincolnshire. 1747:, 3 miles (4.8 km) south of Ely 1661:East Cambridgeshire District Council 1302:Though the forest was about half in 942:directly comparable to the American 532:Francis Russell, 4th Earl of Bedford 3085:. Peterborough: Geo. C. Caster: 28. 3008:Rerum Anglicarum Scriptorum Veterum 2889:"UK's lowest spot is getting lower" 2850:. La Jolla, CA: Search. p. 7. 2761:"NCA Profile: 46. The Fens (NE424)" 2154:mentions some sections in the Fens. 1291:was constructed at the time of the 807:. The topography of the bed of the 245:in eastern England are a naturally 3902:. Johns Hopkins University Press. 3054:. Lincoln: John Moore. p. 27. 2825:. Huntingdon: Ellis & Cooper. 1600:The Fens is the origin of English 1310:, it is known as Kesteven Forest. 1203:, a biography of the East Anglian 25: 2973:Hall, David; Coles, John (1994), 2645:, a drainage project in the 1630s 2293:Confessions of an Ugly Stepsister 1743:island within the fens since the 1577:. Endangered species such as the 1397:. Both cuts were named after the 1103:) and settling what would become 1083:Early Middle Ages and Middle Ages 1000:quarry Bronze Age settlement and 914:Major areas for settlement were: 845:: these are places such as tidal 799:were joined by the ridge between 542:became the first governor of the 3880:FENLAND: A Landscape made by Man 3431:"Littleporticestadiumprojectltd" 2936:(London, 1830), Vol.2, pp.383ff. 2706:, a long straight ditch and bank 2307:(made into a film, listed below) 1916: 1655:(meaning "Isle of Eels"), whose 1523:in a 24-hour period or to empty 1385:to the sea at King's Lynn – the 86: 72: 50:Natural region in United Kingdom 3814:Wheeler, William Henry (1896). 2823:Ramsey Abbey: Its Rise and Fall 2739:. Heinemann Educational Books. 2526:was set and filmed in the Fens. 1610:Great Britain Bandy Association 738:Second District: Blacksluice – 328:. As with similar areas in the 3649:Johnson, Daisy (8 June 2017). 3194:Bertram Colgrave, ed. (1985). 2139:Matthew Bartholomew chronicles 1896:, the site of a Norman castle. 1845:, five miles north of Wisbech. 1456:alongside the River Great Ouse 1138:element is more probably from 937:: uplands surrounding the fens 787:At the end of the most recent 697:right up as far north west as 253:channels and man-made rivers ( 1: 3871:A pocket guide to The Fenland 3674:Thorpe, Adam (2 April 2014). 3537:Gemma Gadd (23 August 2024). 2846:Christian, Anne Hait (1984). 2201:Detective Matt Ballard series 2023:Detective Matt Ballard series 1712:, birthplace of the explorer 1278:, then along the Car Dyke to 1227:based his insurgency against 1008:Roman farming and engineering 893:Waters: these have included: 881:species. This is the same as 313:), and western most parts of 4984:Levels in the United Kingdom 3968:the changing face of Fenland 3833:Bealby, John Thomas (1911). 3342:"Frequently Asked Questions" 3123:The Cambridgeshire Landscape 2704:Devil's Dyke, Cambridgeshire 2628:Wisbech & Fenland Museum 2482:, was set and filmed in the 1908:In popular culture and media 1130:coming from the Old English 1063:Early post-Roman settlements 766:Fifth District: Kyme Eau to 721:The Witham Commission Fens: 4959:Landforms of Cambridgeshire 3301:Agricultural History Review 3177:Blackie, Christina (1887). 1521:Olympic-size swimming pools 1012:The Romans constructed the 677:and the ancient village of 534:, who headed the so-called 5010: 4979:Natural regions of England 3491:The Local View - Cambridge 3303:, 55:1 (2007), pp. 23–50. 3038:Fenland Notes and Queries, 2643:Gilbert Heathcote's tunnel 2588:as a possible battlefield. 2359:Death of an Expert Witness 1358: 791:, known in Britain as the 633:including the villages of 257:and drains) and automated 40: 29: 4964:Landforms of Lincolnshire 4868: 4051: 3797:Wells, Samuel A. (1830). 3098:"Archaeology of the Fens" 3079:Fenland Notes and Queries 2923:, Wheres The Path website 2602:Sir, You Are Being Hunted 2416:Elisabeth Sennitt Clough 2172:To The Far Blue Mountains 1884:, a Bronze Age settlement 1878:, a Bronze Age settlement 1419:Bedford Level Corporation 1365:Bedford Level Corporation 571:between the Nene and the 544:Bedford Level Corporation 338:grade 1 agricultural land 85: 71: 62: 3950:Merrison, Karen (2022). 3899:The Draining of the Fens 3826:10.1680/ahotfosl2e.50358 3249:Forest Map near Kesteven 3032:Roger of Hoveden (1201) 2502:on the edge of the Wash. 2328:1635: A Parcel of Rogues 2103:The Mudflats of the Dead 2033:is also set in the Fens. 1988:The Giant Under The Snow 821:northern North Sea basin 705:along the course of the 583:, but excluding most of 4888:Dogdyke Pumping Station 3932:Pryor, Francis (2019). 3842:Encyclopædia Britannica 2731:Lindley, Keith (1982). 2533:of the 1995 BBC series 2446:DC Smith Investigations 2099:Wraiths and Changelings 1890:, an Iron Age hill fort 1871:Ancient sites include: 1559:Encyclopædia Britannica 1517:internal drainage board 783:Formation and geography 713:to the seaside town of 609:Bourne and Deeping Fens 297:The Fens lie inland of 292:National Character Area 216:visitcambridgeshirefens 4903:Peterborough Cathedral 3878:Hewitt, Peter (2000). 3869:Bevis, Trevor (1990). 3543:Peterborough Telegraph 3036:, p. 359, as cited in 2411:Confessions of the Fox 2109:Robert Louis Stevenson 2019:DI Nikki Galena series 2001:The House On The Brink 1975: 1590:South Forty-Foot Drain 1500: 1457: 1399:Fourth Earl of Bedford 1351: 1339: 1327: 1304:Holland (Lincolnshire) 1059: 1052:Kingdom of East Anglia 659:South Forty-Foot Drain 601: 415: 235: 34:. For other uses, see 4702:Wiggenhall St Germans 4667:Terrington St Clement 3941:Boyce, James (2020). 2515:1945 documentary film 2419:At or Below Sea Level 2162:The House at Old Vine 2084:Tom's Midnight Garden 2003:, which was based on 1969: 1680:– from west to east: 1495: 1450: 1434:Sir William Killigrew 1403:gentlemen adventurers 1401:who, along with some 1345: 1333: 1321: 1200:Life of Saint Guthlac 1049: 815:, thence through the 592: 406: 229: 191: • Summer ( 4514:Morton and Hanthorpe 4000:52.48838°N 0.23118°W 3891:. The History Press. 3568:British County Flags 3457:"Welcome to Wisbech" 3310:21 July 2011 at the 3183:. London: J. Murray. 3121:Christopher Taylor. 3050:Moore, John (1809). 2919:7 March 2012 at the 2543:Thomas & Friends 2539:was set in the Fens. 2494:(1992), directed by 2236:, set in and around 2234:The Case Has Altered 1608:. It is the base of 1361:Twenty, Lincolnshire 1240:Ely Cathedral Priory 983:Pre-Roman settlement 36:Fen (disambiguation) 18:Draining of the Fens 4989:Wetlands of England 4913:Stretham Old Engine 4472:Deeping St Nicholas 3996: / 3936:. Head of Zeus Ltd. 3620:"Honour thy father" 3594:Radiolistings.co.uk 3411:on 14 December 2018 3228:on 18 December 2014 3102:Fens for the Future 2801:Fens for the Future 2585:Tom Clancy's EndWar 2548:The 2019 TV series 2455:The Tell-Tale Heart 2210:Sabine Baring-Gould 1936:editing the article 1586:Fens Waterways Link 1479:Stretham Old Engine 1452:Stretham Old Engine 1407:venture capitalists 1375:Cornelius Vermuyden 1217:Anglo-Saxon England 1028:. They also linked 653:and then across to 204:British Summer Time 183:Greenwich Mean Time 109:Constituent country 4918:Tattershall Castle 4774:Sutton-in-the-Isle 4065:West and East Fens 4005:52.48838; -0.23118 3966:Prickwillow Museum 3908:10.1353/book.51998 3896:Ash, Eric (2017). 3882:. Wisbech Society. 3570:. 21 November 2016 3518:. 10 November 2018 3461:Wisbech-town.co.uk 3276:"The drained fens" 2895:. 29 November 2002 2666:In the Fen Country 2616:Prickwillow Museum 2496:Stephen Gyllenhaal 2439:The Croquet Player 2404:Cromwell's Promise 1976: 1668:, one of the five 1622:speed skating oval 1501: 1497:Prickwillow Museum 1483:Prickwillow Museum 1458: 1395:Hundred Foot Drain 1352: 1340: 1328: 1256:Peterborough Abbey 1146:, meaning "wall". 1060: 1056:Anglo-Saxon period 956:Duchy of Lancaster 797:continental Europe 711:Lincolnshire Wolds 602: 416: 236: 165: • Total 4941: 4940: 4883:Cross Keys Bridge 4393:Holbeach St Johns 4388:Holbeach St Marks 3887:Sly, Rex (2003). 3803:archived online: 3330:on 28 April 2011. 3254:info.sjc.ox.ac.uk 3207:978-0-521-31386-5 2984:978-1-85074-477-1 2763:. Natural England 2746:978-0-435-32535-0 2649:Hereward the Wake 2622:Whittlesey Museum 2478:(1998), starring 2408:Jordy Rosenberg: 2376:Lord of Ravensley 2348:Honour Thy Father 2277:Dorothy L. Sayers 2260:Hereward the Wake 2197:Jackman and Evans 2193:D.I. Nikki Galena 2095:The Worsted Viper 2037:Peter F. Hamilton 1964: 1963: 1956: 1929:layout guidelines 1791:Unitary Authority 1641:Borough of Boston 1442:Act of Parliament 1391:New Bedford River 1387:Old Bedford River 1314:Draining the Fens 1225:Hereward the Wake 1054:during the early 963:Historia Ingulfi, 497:Areas of the Fens 224: 223: 16:(Redirected from 5001: 4994:Fenland District 4908:Pinchbeck Engine 4589:Sutton St Edmund 4467:Deeping St James 4371:Gedney Drove End 4038: 4031: 4024: 4015: 4011: 4010: 4008: 4007: 4006: 4001: 3997: 3994: 3993: 3992: 3989: 3955: 3946: 3937: 3928: 3926: 3924: 3892: 3883: 3874: 3865: 3863: 3861: 3846: 3838: 3829: 3802: 3793: 3786:Dugdale, William 3772: 3771: 3769: 3767: 3761:Elymuseum.org.uk 3753: 3747: 3746: 3744: 3742: 3724: 3718: 3717: 3715: 3713: 3699: 3693: 3692: 3690: 3688: 3671: 3665: 3664: 3662: 3660: 3646: 3640: 3639: 3637: 3635: 3630:on 19 March 2018 3626:. Archived from 3616: 3610: 3609: 3607: 3605: 3596:. 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Archived from 3320: 3314: 3297: 3291: 3290: 3288: 3286: 3272: 3266: 3265: 3263: 3261: 3244: 3238: 3237: 3235: 3233: 3222:"ULAS – Thorney" 3218: 3212: 3211: 3191: 3185: 3184: 3174: 3168: 3155: 3146: 3132: 3126: 3119: 3113: 3112: 3110: 3108: 3093: 3087: 3086: 3074: 3068: 3062: 3056: 3055: 3047: 3041: 3030: 3024: 3018: 3012: 3011: 3003: 2997: 2994: 2988: 2987: 2970: 2957: 2943: 2937: 2930: 2924: 2911: 2905: 2904: 2902: 2900: 2885: 2879: 2868: 2862: 2861: 2843: 2837: 2836: 2818: 2812: 2811: 2809: 2807: 2792: 2786: 2779: 2773: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2757: 2751: 2750: 2738: 2727: 2673:Pinchbeck Engine 2506:And television: 2444:Peter Grainger, 2372:Constance Heaven 2282:The Nine Tailors 2255:Charles Kingsley 2249:A Civil Contract 2152:Beric the Briton 2143: 2048:A Quantum Murder 1959: 1952: 1948: 1945: 1939: 1920: 1919: 1912: 1899:March Sconce, a 1828:Dukes of Bedford 1810:, a market town. 1761:Fenland District 1714:Matthew Flinders 1581:will be seeded. 1432:and his partner 1383:River Great Ouse 1221:Alfred Aetheling 475:pastoral farming 283:, but few other 259:pumping stations 220: 217: 196: 90: 76: 53: 21: 5009: 5008: 5004: 5003: 5002: 5000: 4999: 4998: 4954:Fens of England 4944: 4943: 4942: 4937: 4864: 4798: 4713: 4615: 4611:Wisbech St Mary 4523: 4439: 4420:Sutton St James 4344: 4229: 4147: 4109:Gibraltar Point 4060: 4047: 4042: 4004: 4002: 3998: 3995: 3990: 3987: 3985: 3983: 3982: 3962: 3949: 3940: 3931: 3922: 3920: 3918: 3895: 3886: 3877: 3873:. 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455:arable farming 432:mean sea level 400: 397: 373:Downham Market 307:Cambridgeshire 232:sea level rise 222: 221: 212: 208: 207: 197: 187: 186: 176: 170: 169: 166: 162: 161: 157: 156: 146:Cambridgeshire 139: 133: 132: 123: 117: 116: 111: 105: 104: 102:United Kingdom 99: 95: 94: 91: 83: 82: 77: 69: 68: 65:Natural region 63: 60: 59: 56: 49: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5006: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4955: 4952: 4951: 4949: 4934: 4931: 4929: 4928:Thorney Abbey 4926: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4906: 4904: 4901: 4899: 4896: 4894: 4893:Ely Cathedral 4891: 4889: 4886: 4884: 4881: 4879: 4876: 4874: 4871: 4870: 4867: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4807: 4805: 4801: 4795: 4792: 4790: 4787: 4785: 4782: 4780: 4777: 4775: 4772: 4770: 4769: 4765: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 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Icon Books. 3944: 3939: 3935: 3930: 3919: 3917:9781421422015 3913: 3909: 3905: 3901: 3900: 3894: 3890: 3885: 3881: 3876: 3872: 3867: 3855: 3854: 3848: 3844: 3843: 3837: 3831: 3827: 3823: 3819: 3818: 3812: 3810: 3806: 3800: 3795: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3782: 3778: 3762: 3758: 3752: 3749: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3723: 3720: 3708: 3704: 3698: 3695: 3683: 3682: 3677: 3670: 3667: 3654: 3653: 3645: 3642: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3615: 3612: 3599: 3595: 3591: 3585: 3582: 3569: 3565: 3559: 3556: 3544: 3540: 3533: 3530: 3517: 3513: 3507: 3504: 3492: 3488: 3482: 3479: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3452: 3449: 3436: 3432: 3426: 3423: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3396: 3393: 3377: 3373: 3367: 3365: 3363: 3359: 3347: 3343: 3337: 3334: 3329: 3325: 3319: 3316: 3313: 3309: 3306: 3302: 3296: 3293: 3281: 3277: 3271: 3268: 3255: 3251: 3250: 3243: 3240: 3227: 3223: 3217: 3214: 3209: 3203: 3199: 3198: 3190: 3187: 3182: 3181: 3173: 3170: 3167: 3166:0-948400-15-3 3163: 3159: 3154: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3143: 3142:Saint Guthlac 3137: 3134:Simon Young, 3131: 3128: 3124: 3118: 3115: 3103: 3099: 3092: 3089: 3084: 3080: 3073: 3070: 3066: 3061: 3058: 3053: 3046: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3029: 3026: 3022: 3017: 3014: 3009: 3002: 2999: 2993: 2990: 2986: 2980: 2976: 2969: 2967: 2965: 2963: 2959: 2956: 2955:1-871615-19-4 2952: 2948: 2942: 2939: 2935: 2929: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2915: 2910: 2907: 2894: 2890: 2884: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2867: 2864: 2859: 2857:0-9613723-0-3 2853: 2849: 2842: 2839: 2834: 2832:0-904701-10-7 2828: 2824: 2817: 2814: 2802: 2798: 2797:"Agriculture" 2791: 2788: 2784: 2778: 2775: 2762: 2756: 2753: 2748: 2742: 2737: 2736: 2726: 2723: 2716: 2711: 2708: 2705: 2702: 2699: 2695: 2692: 2690: 2686: 2683: 2680: 2677: 2674: 2671: 2668: 2667: 2663: 2660: 2656: 2653: 2650: 2647: 2644: 2641: 2638: 2635: 2632: 2629: 2626: 2623: 2620: 2617: 2614: 2613: 2609: 2604: 2603: 2598: 2595: 2594: 2590: 2587: 2586: 2581: 2580: 2579: 2574: 2571: 2570: 2569: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2553: 2552: 2547: 2544: 2541: 2538: 2537: 2532: 2528: 2525: 2521: 2520:Look and Read 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1543: 1537: 1530: 1528: 1526: 1525:Rutland Water 1522: 1518: 1513: 1511: 1507: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1475:steam engines 1467: 1465: 1463: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1426: 1422: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1411:Low Countries 1408: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1379: 1376: 1372: 1366: 1362: 1354: 1349: 1344: 1337: 1332: 1325: 1320: 1313: 1311: 1309: 1305: 1300: 1298: 1294: 1293:deforestation 1290: 1286: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1265: 1263: 1261: 1258:) as well as 1257: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1244:Thorney Abbey 1241: 1237: 1232: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1212: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1201: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1178: 1176: 1172: 1171:Tribal Hidage 1167: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1112: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1082: 1080: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1062: 1057: 1053: 1048: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1007: 1005: 1003: 999: 995: 990: 982: 977: 975: 972: 968: 964: 959: 957: 951: 949: 945: 936: 933: 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Retrieved 3898: 3888: 3879: 3870: 3858:. Retrieved 3852: 3840: 3836:"Fens" 3816: 3798: 3789: 3764:. Retrieved 3760: 3751: 3739:. Retrieved 3722: 3710:. Retrieved 3706: 3697: 3687:15 September 3685:. Retrieved 3681:The Guardian 3679: 3669: 3657:. Retrieved 3651: 3644: 3632:. Retrieved 3628:the original 3623: 3614: 3602:. Retrieved 3598:the original 3593: 3584: 3572:. Retrieved 3567: 3558: 3546:. Retrieved 3542: 3532: 3520:. Retrieved 3515: 3506: 3494:. Retrieved 3490: 3481: 3469:. Retrieved 3465:the original 3460: 3451: 3439:. Retrieved 3435:the original 3425: 3413:. Retrieved 3409:the original 3404: 3395: 3383:. Retrieved 3376:the original 3351:20 September 3349:. Retrieved 3345: 3336: 3328:the original 3318: 3300: 3295: 3285:20 September 3283:. Retrieved 3279: 3270: 3258:. Retrieved 3253: 3248: 3242: 3230:. Retrieved 3226:the original 3216: 3196: 3189: 3179: 3172: 3157: 3139: 3135: 3130: 3122: 3117: 3107:20 September 3105:. Retrieved 3101: 3091: 3082: 3078: 3072: 3064: 3060: 3051: 3045: 3040:vol.1, p.28. 3037: 3033: 3028: 3020: 3016: 3007: 3001: 2992: 2974: 2946: 2941: 2933: 2928: 2909: 2897:. Retrieved 2883: 2875: 2871: 2866: 2847: 2841: 2822: 2816: 2806:20 September 2804:. Retrieved 2800: 2790: 2777: 2765:. Retrieved 2755: 2734: 2725: 2696:, a British 2664: 2600: 2599:In the game 2591: 2583: 2577: 2567: 2562: 2550: 2535: 2530: 2529:The episode 2523: 2511: 2505: 2489: 2473: 2468: 2461: 2454: 2445: 2437: 2428: 2417: 2409: 2403: 2400:Four Wonders 2399: 2395: 2384: 2375: 2365: 2357: 2347: 2336: 2327: 2314: 2302: 2299:Graham Swift 2291: 2280: 2270: 2258: 2247: 2233: 2222: 2213: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2183: 2176: 2171: 2161: 2151: 2138: 2124: 2113: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2082: 2075:in the Fens. 2072: 2068: 2064: 2046: 2040: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1986: 1977: 1950: 1941: 1926: 1870: 1841:a parish in 1839:Tydd St Mary 1783:Peterborough 1772:Parson Drove 1741:boulder clay 1631: 1599: 1583: 1558: 1551: 1538: 1534: 1514: 1502: 1487:World War II 1471: 1459: 1430:Lord Lindsey 1427: 1425:once again. 1423: 1402: 1394: 1380: 1368: 1306:and half in 1301: 1269: 1266:Royal Forest 1252:Ramsey Abbey 1235: 1233: 1213: 1198: 1179: 1168: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1113: 1109:Anglo-Saxons 1086: 1066: 1042: 1026:Peterborough 1014:Fen Causeway 1011: 986: 970: 962: 960: 952: 940: 934: 928: 918: 913: 897:tidal creeks 886: 876: 837: 825: 786: 778: 749:River Witham 707:River Witham 692: 671:Black Sluice 648: 631:The Deepings 612: 569:Lincolnshire 506: 500: 483: 448: 445: 417: 357:Peterborough 342: 340:in England. 323: 303:Lincolnshire 296: 289: 263: 242: 238: 237: 142:Lincolnshire 47: 4850:New Bedford 4845:Old Bedford 4840:Little Ouse 4718:South Level 4682:Ouse Washes 4647:King's Lynn 4572:Nene Washes 4562:Leverington 4542:Gedney Hill 4528:North Level 4444:Bourne and 4399:Long Sutton 4313:Sempringham 4283:Helpringham 4094:East Kirkby 4003: / 3954:. Amberley. 3952:Secret Fens 3860:30 December 3732:"Locations" 2914:Isle of Ely 2661:and Germany 2637:Fen skating 2524:Cloud Burst 2484:King's Lynn 2451:Jill Dawson 2434:H. G. Wells 2354:P. D. James 2158:Norah Lofts 2148:G. A. Henty 2129:BBC Radio 4 2055:M. R. James 1997:Fen Runners 1983:John Gordon 1888:Stonea Camp 1751:Long Sutton 1670:Silicon Fen 1628:Settlements 1618:bandy pitch 1606:Fen skating 1548:Restoration 1527:in 3 days. 1510:embankments 1285:Magna Carta 1116:West Walton 1105:East Anglia 1018:East Anglia 1002:Stonea Camp 929:fen islands 740:Holland Fen 679:Sempringham 669:though the 661:through to 629:as well as 615:Deeping Fen 551:Ouse Washes 536:adventurers 517:Great Level 477:, fishing, 377:King’s Lynn 330:Netherlands 4948:Categories 4810:Great Ouse 4789:Willingham 4779:Waterbeach 4768:Mildenhall 4762:Lakenheath 4747:Littleport 4708:Whittlesey 4492:Tongue End 4340:Swineshead 4208:South Kyme 4183:Heckington 4171:Billinghay 4099:Frithville 4084:Carrington 3988:52°29′18″N 3564:"The Fens" 3441:21 January 2767:7 December 2717:References 2710:The Broads 2698:post-metal 2685:Wicken Fen 2657:, between 2633:Ely Museum 2475:Dad Savage 2320:Eric Flint 2219:Hal Foster 2205:Guide Star 2031:Guide Star 1944:March 2022 1903:fieldwork. 1855:Whittlesey 1802:Ring's End 1745:Bronze Age 1731:Littleport 1698:Waterbeach 1682:Willingham 1614:Littleport 1579:fen violet 1542:water vole 1477:, such as 1359:See also: 1289:Bourne Eau 1272:afforested 1187:Etheldreda 989:Mesolithic 944:muck soils 857:Salt marsh 832:freshwater 768:Billinghay 733:Billinghay 651:Swineshead 623:River Glen 619:Bourne Eau 562:Whittlesey 528:Great Ouse 524:River Nene 413:Wicken Fen 381:Mildenhall 345:cathedrals 305:, most of 79:Wicken Fen 4794:Witchford 4742:Haddenham 4730:Cottenham 4628:Chatteris 4502:Pode Hole 4325:Sutterton 4303:Pinchbeck 4273:Gosberton 4252:Donington 4177:Coningsby 4142:Wainfleet 4124:Stickford 4119:Old Leake 3991:0°13′52″W 3792:. London. 3712:4 January 3574:28 August 3548:28 August 3522:28 August 3496:28 August 2655:High Fens 2563:The Fens. 2559:Joy Ellis 2551:Wild Bill 2518:The 1974 2491:Waterland 2465:1983 Play 2304:Waterland 2238:Algarkirk 2189:Joy Ellis 2061:Jim Kelly 2015:Joy Ellis 1901:Civil War 1882:Must Farm 1787:cathedral 1710:Donington 1694:Landbeach 1690:Cottenham 1674:Cambridge 1666:Cottenham 1657:cathedral 1646:Chatteris 1554:Great Fen 1438:Civil War 1415:windpumps 1101:Schleswig 1069:Townlands 1030:Cambridge 998:Must Farm 935:fen edges 919:Townlands 847:mud flats 809:North Sea 801:Friesland 793:Devensian 762:Wainfleet 683:Civil War 663:the Haven 621:with the 595:Pode Hole 436:Holme Fen 424:limestone 326:sea level 269:marshland 174:Time zone 4898:Flag Fen 4752:Stretham 4536:Crowland 4482:Langtoft 4477:Hop Pole 4435:Whaplode 4377:Holbeach 4330:Surfleet 4319:Spalding 4298:Quadring 4288:Horbling 4198:New York 4157:Wildmore 4135:Skegness 4129:Stickney 4104:Friskney 4056:The Wash 4045:The Fens 3923:15 March 3809:Volume 2 3805:Volume 1 3788:(1662). 3730:(2008). 3634:19 March 3516:BBC News 3415:19 March 3385:17 March 3308:Archived 3305:Abstract 3260:19 March 3232:17 March 3140:Life of 3034:Chronica 2917:Archived 2899:26 March 2610:See also 2512:Fenlands 2396:Fen-wolf 2386:The Wake 2199:series, 2195:series, 2150:'s book 1876:Flag Fen 1849:Walsoken 1814:Spalding 1781:City of 1725:Holbeach 1704:Crowland 1651:City of 1389:and the 1308:Kesteven 1297:the town 1236:Fen Five 1195:Wendreda 1152:Walsoken 1120:Walsoken 1099:(modern 1077:Spalding 1038:Car Dyke 994:Flag Fen 971:Ingulfi, 890:century. 878:Sphagnum 715:Skegness 675:Spalding 635:Langtoft 599:Spalding 581:Crowland 526:and the 511:parishes 487:rapeseed 471:embanked 463:the Wash 409:windpump 389:Spalding 349:Crowland 299:the Wash 281:minerals 277:alkaline 251:drainage 243:Fenlands 239:The Fens 137:Counties 57:The Fens 4974:Polders 4830:Welland 4725:Burwell 4697:Walpole 4677:Outwell 4605:Wisbech 4567:Thorney 4552:Guyhirn 4547:Glinton 4487:Thurlby 4446:Deeping 4410:Moulton 4308:Pointon 4278:Haconby 4268:Fosdyke 4166:Bardney 4153:Holland 3741:1 April 3736:Ubisoft 3728:Ubisoft 3256:(image) 3067:, p.27. 2659:Belgium 2568:Music: 2522:series 2392:S. 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