67:
182:
42:
243:
Before the introduction of molecular phylogenetic techniques, the relationship of the
Hawaiian honeycreepers to other bird species was controversial. The honeycreepers were sometimes categorized as a
331:
was the second to diverge, diverging about a million years after the po'ouli's lineage. Most of the other lineages with highly distinctive morphologies are thought to have originated in the mid-late
3036:
2770:
1305:
The term "prehistoric" indicates species that became extinct between the initial human settlement of Hawaiʻi (i.e., from the late 1st millennium AD on) and
European contact in 1778.
343:. Due to this, Oahu likely played a key role in the formation of diverse morphologies among honeycreepers, allowing for cycles of colonization and speciation between Kauai and Oahu.
274:) were included in the finch family; this term is preferred for just one subgroup of the birds today. Most recently, the entire group has been subsumed into the finch subfamily
1272:
Nearly all species of
Hawaiian honeycreepers have been noted as having a unique odor to their plumage, described by many researchers as "rather like that of old canvas tents".
2755:
species of honeycreeper still exist. Threats to species include habitat loss, avian malaria, predation by non-native mammals, and competition from non-native birds.
2835:
1293:. Some 20 species of Hawaiian honeycreeper have become extinct in the recent past, and many more in earlier times, following the arrival of humans who introduced
3523:
1285:
honeycreepers. The wide range of bill shapes in this group, from thick, finch-like bills to slender, down-curved bills for probing flowers have arisen through
350:
of the recent
Hawaiian honeycreeper lineages is shown here. Genera or clades with question marks (?) are of controversial or uncertain taxonomic placement.
319:) was the most ancient of the Hawaiian honeycreeper lineages to survive to recent times, diverging about 5.7-5.8 million years ago. The lineage containing
3307:
James, Helen F.; Johnathan P. Prince (May 2008). "Integration of palaeontological, historical, and geographical data on the extinction of koa-finches".
3044:
3510:
2640:
2355:
2222:
2074:
2054:
1903:
1437:
1212:(containing the prehistoric icterid-like and sickle-billed gapers), and has the most debated taxonomy; it was long classified within the "greater
3270:
James, Helen F; Storrs L. Olson (2003). "A giant new species of nukupuu (Fringillidae: Drepanidini: Hemignathus) from the island of Hawaii".
3080:
2923:
2898:
215:), but many species have evolved features unlike those present in any other finch. Their great morphological diversity is the result of
3355:"Distribution and abundance of forest birds in low-altitude habitat on Hawai'i Island: evidence for range expansion of native species"
2765:
2730:
224:
3249:
2705:
2688:
2622:
2612:
2591:
2552:
2476:
2452:
2209:
2003:
1893:
1698:
1573:
1559:
1501:
1393:
1373:
1353:
3195:
3569:
3564:
3515:
3397:
3112:
2866:
1800:
1788:
66:
3574:
3097:
2915:
3528:
2650:
2493:
2428:
2396:
2318:
2293:
2272:
2084:
2064:
1950:
1869:
1855:
1841:
1810:
1755:
1735:
1675:
1545:
1497:
1487:
1467:
1447:
1427:
1194:
and all core honeycreepers to have retained or convergently evolved them, thus presenting a taxonomic conundrum.
3285:
2982:
Lerner, Heather R.L.; Meyer, Matthias; James, Helen F.; Hofreiter, Michael; Fleischer, Robert C. (2011-11-08).
2448:
3425:
Groth, J. G. 1998. Molecular phylogeny of the cardueline finches and
Hawaiian honeycreepers. Ostrich, 69: 401.
1671:
701:
2984:"Multilocus Resolution of Phylogeny and Timescale in the Extant Adaptive Radiation of Hawaiian Honeycreepers"
2792:"Multilocus resolution of phylogeny and timescale in the extant adaptive radiation of Hawaiian Honeycreepers"
3072:
2751:. This group of birds historically consisted of at least 51 species. Less than half of Hawaii's previously
2386:
2229:
2171:
2115:
2039:
1931:
1765:
1745:
1713:
1277:
227:, with extinctions increasing over the last two centuries following European discovery of the islands, with
1174:
shares traits with the derived honeycreepers, such as a squared-off tongue and a distinct musty odor, that
3450:
2314:
1633:
3354:
2562:
2523:
2508:
2308:
2283:
2239:
2024:
1535:
1516:
1457:
1147:
2268:
1851:
1603:
1463:
3144:"Descriptions of Thirty-Two New Species of Birds from the Hawaiian Islands: Part I. Non-Passeriformes"
3579:
3497:
3316:
2045:
1865:
1825:
1665:
1618:
1523:
1443:
1423:
1170:
being the third most basal genus and more closely allied with the derived
Hawaiian honeycreepers, as
1159:
767:
3435:
3191:"Descriptions of Thirty-Two New Species of Birds from the Hawaiian Islands: Part II. Passeriformes"
2646:
2472:
2375:
1946:
1203:
1198:
962:
228:
2331:
3353:
Spiegel, Caleb S.; Patrick J. Hart; Bethany L. Woodworth; Erik J. Tweed; Jaymi J. LeBrun (2006).
3332:
3289:
3220:
3171:
3124:
2720:– Hemignathini, Psittirostrini, and Drepanidini – but they are not currently classified as such.
2701:
1694:
1555:
1417:
1294:
1286:
705:
216:
157:
61:
2601:
2097:
2080:
1909:
1806:
1483:
1261:
3488:
2030:
1322:
1208:
3536:
3245:
3076:
3013:
3005:
2919:
2894:
2858:
2813:
2684:
2489:
1981:
1965:
1889:
1155:
347:
3239:
3037:"A consensus taxonomy for the Hawaiian honeycreepers » Malama Mauna Kea Library Catalog"
3541:
3369:
3324:
3281:
3212:
3204:
3163:
3155:
3116:
2995:
2850:
2803:
2741:
2424:
1999:
1837:
1597:
1290:
300:
299:
about 7.2 million years ago, and they are thought to have first arrived and radiated on the
267:
251:
244:
232:
2392:
619:
2717:
2669:
2581:
2542:
2466:
2442:
2361:
2199:
1883:
1685:
1383:
1363:
1343:
1327:
762:
639:
2548:
2289:
1751:
423:
3320:
2665:
2587:
2577:
2538:
2462:
2438:
2205:
2195:
2060:
1879:
1689:
1583:
1387:
1367:
1347:
1331:
1257:
1243:
1234:
1043:
1038:
644:
303:
between 5.7-7.2 million years ago, which was roughly the same time that the islands of
3558:
3502:
3328:
2245:
1725:
1647:
1612:
1569:
1541:
271:
3336:
3293:
181:
2834:
Zuccon, Dario; Prŷs-Jones, Robert; Rasmussen, Pamela C.; Ericson, Per G.P. (2012).
2752:
2737:
2529:
2406:
1627:
1477:
1143:
915:
614:
576:
523:
502:
378:
282:
2121:
1771:
1021:
49:
3066:
3482:
3401:
2854:
2744:
2568:
2254:
2177:
1937:
1820:
1654:
1315:
1282:
1138:
1132:
863:
854:
580:
414:
327:
321:
275:
138:
3374:
3000:
2983:
2808:
2791:
2660:
2149:
1731:
1511:
859:
554:
549:
441:
383:
312:
220:
3473:
3348:
3346:
3009:
2953:
2836:"The phylogenetic relationships and generic limits of finches (Fringillidae)"
1297:
animals (ex: rats, pigs, goats, cows) and converted habitat for agriculture.
3438:
information, including 4 species with videos and 11 with photographs at the
2514:
2503:
1960:
1918:
1217:
957:
784:
571:
528:
493:
287:
208:
118:
78:
17:
3017:
2862:
2817:
2939:
3467:
1708:
1642:
1151:
984:
729:
696:
419:
332:
196:
186:
98:
3224:
3175:
3272:
3128:
1971:
1403:
979:
920:
889:
884:
789:
446:
3216:
3167:
1410:– pointed, long and down-curved bills, insectivorous or nectarivorous
3208:
3159:
2748:
2411:
2345:
2013:
1987:
1253:
1248:
1017:
1008:
498:
304:
200:
88:
3444:
3120:
2017:– small pointed bills with the tips slightly crossed, insectivorous
1178:
does not. This does not align with the genetic evidence supporting
1158:
evidence, and has been affirmed by numerous studies; however, when
2136:
1013:
308:
259:
204:
180:
128:
2912:
The Howard and Moore
Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World
1289:, where an ancestral finch has evolved to fill a large number of
1246:), other sources speculate it may be a sister genus to the genus
2790:
Lerner, H.R.L.; Meyer, M.; James, H.F.; Fleischer, R.C. (2011).
1186:
as sister genera, and it would be seemingly impossible for only
738:
734:
340:
336:
292:
108:
3448:
3190:
3143:
41:
3396:
Jacobi, James D.; Carter T. Atkinson (September 28, 2000).
3286:
10.1642/0004-8038(2003)120[0970:AGNSON]2.0.CO;2
2716:
Hawaiian honeycreepers were formerly classified into three
2188:– large weak bill, possibly soft seed or fruit specialist?
1206:) may be associated with or even synonymous with the genus
583:, and several prehistoric species from the larger islands)
291:
rosefinches. Their ancestors are thought to have been from
3439:
1238:) and while some sources speculate it as being sister to
185:
Beak and tongue shapes of
Hawaiian honeycreepers and the
3238:
Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2014).
3098:"Is the Poo-uli a Hawaiian Honeycreeper (Drepanidinae)?"
2771:
List of adaptive radiated
Hawaiian honeycreepers by form
1830:– pointed or long and down-curved bills, insectivorous
2747:, were once quite abundant in all forests throughout
2605:– flat rounded bills, possibly caught flying insects
2108:
small pointed bills, insectivorous and nectarivorous
953:
880:
692:
635:
545:
519:
374:
219:
in an insular environment. Many have been driven to
3457:
1220:grouping containing species formerly lumped within
3400:. U.S. Department of the Interior. Archived from
2891:The Clements Checklist of the Birds of the World.
1590:– pointed bills, insectivorous and nectarivorous
2006:, possibly survived to the early 18th century)
1793:– pincer-like bill, possibly snail specialist
1166:is instead the second most basal genus, with
8:
2829:
2827:
2674:– cone-shaped bills, possibly insectivorous
311:formed. The lineage of the recently extinct
207:family Fringillidae, closely related to the
3445:
2348:-like bill, probes wood for insect larvae
965:) (could fall anywhere within this clade)
262:family. The entire group was also called
40:
31:
3373:
3189:James, Helen F.; Olson, Storrs L (1991).
3142:Olson, Storrs L.; James, Helen F (1991).
2999:
2807:
2513:– finch-like, granivorous, opportunistic
1275:Today, the flowers of the native ʻōhiʻa (
2135:– short pointed bill, insectivorous and
1190:to have lost the distinctive traits but
2782:
250:, other authorities considered them a
3436:Hawaiian Honeycreepers (Drepanididae)
2960:. International Ornithologists' Union
2843:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
2258:– short pointed bills, insectivorous
2227:– thin-billed, nectarivorous, favors
2164:– short pointed bills, insectivorous
7:
3031:
3029:
3027:
2977:
2975:
2952:Gill, Frank; Donsker, David (eds.).
1336:– straight thin bills, insectivores
1000:
945:
846:
839:
832:
754:
721:
685:
678:
606:
485:
478:
471:
406:
399:
367:
360:
353:
281:The Hawaiian honeycreepers are the
3244:. Johns Hopkins University Press.
2940:Check-list of North American Birds
2766:Hawaiian honeycreeper conservation
2731:Hawaiian honeycreeper conservation
1718:– down-curved bills, nectarivores
25:
266:in treatments where buntings and
3329:10.1111/j.1472-4642.2007.00442.x
3260:is named in honor of Joan Aidem.
2729:This section is an excerpt from
1521:– thick-billed, hard seed (e.g.
65:
3362:Bird Conservation International
1372:– Maui Nui icterid-like gaper (
3241:The Eponym Dictionary of Birds
1652:– finch-like, fed on fruit of
339:but prior to the formation of
225:first humans arrived in Hawaii
1:
3309:Diversity & Distributions
3113:Cooper Ornithological Society
2410:– large-billed, granivorous,
1924:– thin-billed, nectarivorous
1281:) are favored by a number of
1352:– Oʻahu icterid-like gaper (
1146:and forming the second most
2958:World Bird List Version 5.2
2855:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.10.002
2325:Paroreomyza montana newtoni
2305:Paroreomyza montana montana
195:are a group of small birds
3596:
3096:Pratt, H. Douglas (1992).
3068:The Hawaiian Honeycreepers
2916:Princeton University Press
2910:Dickinson, E, ed. (2003).
2728:
203:. They are members of the
3375:10.1017/S0959270906000244
3196:Ornithological Monographs
3148:Ornithological Monographs
3065:Pratt, H Douglas (2002).
3001:10.1016/j.cub.2011.09.039
2942:Accessed 26 December 2007
2809:10.1016/j.cub.2011.09.039
1594:Chlorodrepanis stejnegeri
1035:
1005:
998:
976:
951:
943:
912:
878:
862:and the possibly extinct
851:
844:
837:
830:
781:
759:
752:
726:
719:
690:
683:
676:
633:
611:
604:
568:
543:
517:
490:
483:
476:
469:
438:
411:
404:
397:
372:
365:
358:
335:, after the formation of
163:
156:
149:
144:
62:Scientific classification
60:
48:
39:
34:
3440:Internet Bird Collection
3398:"Hawaii's Endemic Birds"
2736:Hawaiian honeycreepers (
2637:Viridonia sagittirostris
2611:– strange-billed finch (
2449:scissor-billed koa-finch
2373:– slightly hooked bill,
2352:Pseudonestor xanthophrys
2146:Casey & Jacobi, 1974
2133:Casey & Jacobi, 1974
3570:Endemic birds of Hawaii
3073:Oxford University Press
2698:James & Olson, 1991
2681:James & Olson, 1991
2230:Metrosideros polymorpha
1996:Olson & James, 2006
1588:Olson & James, 1995
1408:Olson & James, 1995
1392:– sickle-billed gaper (
1278:Metrosideros polymorpha
1162:evidence only is used,
258:, of Fringillidae, the
235:being the main causes.
3565:Hawaiian honeycreepers
3041:www.malamamaunakea.org
2695:Xestospiza fastigialis
2418:Rhodacanthis flaviceps
2383:Psittirostra psittacea
2143:Melamprosops phaeosoma
2021:Loxops caeruleirostris
1797:Dysmorodrepanis munroi
1498:hoopoe-billed ʻakialoa
1130:The classification of
618:(the possibly extinct
193:Hawaiian honeycreepers
189:
35:Hawaiian honeycreeper
2621:– thin-billed finch (
2535:Telespiza persecutrix
1624:Chlorodrepanis virens
1552:Chloridops regiskongi
184:
2954:"Finches, euphonias"
2619:Vangulifer neophasis
2483:Rhodacanthis palmeri
2459:Rhodacanthis litotes
2262:Paroreomyza maculata
2192:Orthiospiza howarthi
2071:Loxops wolstenholmei
1876:Hemignathus vorpalis
1848:Hemignathus hanapepe
1609:Chlorodrepanis flava
1524:Myoporum sandwicense
1494:Akialoa upupirostris
501:and the prehistoric
3321:2008DivDi..14..441J
2889:Clements, J. 2007.
2609:Vangulifer mirandus
2473:primitive koa-finch
2435:Rhodacanthis forfex
2376:Freycinetia arborea
2300:Paroreomyza montana
2279:Paroreomyza flammea
1947:Laysan honeycreeper
1928:Himatione sanguinea
1900:Hemignathus wilsoni
1862:Hemignathus lucidus
1834:Hemignathus affinis
1216:" radiation (a now-
229:habitat destruction
2702:ridge-billed finch
2328:(Rothschild, 1893)
1993:Loxioides kikuichi
1978:Loxioides bailleui
1943:Himatione fraithii
1695:stout-legged finch
1556:King Kong grosbeak
1454:Akialoa stejnegeri
1434:Akialoa lanaiensis
1380:Aidemedia zanclops
1360:Aidemedia lutetiae
1301:Genera and species
1287:adaptive radiation
1150:group is based on
706:stout-legged finch
555:Hawaiian grosbeaks
295:and diverged from
217:adaptive radiation
190:
27:Subfamily of birds
3575:Bird common names
3552:
3551:
3537:Open Tree of Life
3451:Taxon identifiers
3082:978-0-19-854653-5
2994:(21): 1838–1844.
2925:978-0-691-11701-0
2899:978-0-7136-8695-1
2802:(21): 1838–1844.
2699:
2685:cone-billed finch
2682:
2678:Xestospiza conica
2673:
2644:
2585:
2574:Telespiza ypsilon
2566:
2546:
2527:
2520:Telespiza cantans
2512:
2490:greater koa-finch
2487:
2470:
2446:
2422:
2390:
2379:fruit specialist
2359:
2329:
2312:
2287:
2266:
2243:
2226:
2203:
2175:
2168:Oreomystis bairdi
2163:
2147:
2134:
2119:
2095:
2078:
2058:
2043:
2028:
1997:
1985:
1974:seed specialists
1969:
1935:
1923:
1907:
1887:
1829:
1804:
1792:
1783:
1769:
1762:Drepanis coccinea
1749:
1742:Drepanis pacifica
1729:
1717:
1693:
1669:
1651:
1631:
1616:
1601:
1589:
1539:
1520:
1481:
1461:
1444:Maui Nui ʻakialoa
1441:
1421:
1414:Akialoa ellisiana
1409:
1391:
1371:
1351:
1340:Aidemedia chascax
1335:
1291:ecological niches
1127:
1126:
1118:
1117:
1109:
1108:
1100:
1099:
1091:
1090:
1082:
1081:
1073:
1072:
1064:
1063:
1055:
1054:
932:
931:
901:
900:
819:
818:
810:
809:
801:
800:
665:
664:
656:
655:
592:
591:
458:
457:
348:phylogenetic tree
268:American sparrows
179:
178:
170:
54:Drepanis coccinea
16:(Redirected from
3587:
3545:
3544:
3532:
3531:
3519:
3518:
3506:
3505:
3493:
3492:
3491:
3478:
3477:
3476:
3446:
3420:Other references
3413:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3393:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3382:
3377:
3359:
3350:
3341:
3340:
3304:
3298:
3297:
3267:
3261:
3255:
3235:
3229:
3228:
3209:10.2307/40166713
3186:
3180:
3179:
3160:10.2307/40166794
3139:
3133:
3132:
3102:
3093:
3087:
3086:
3062:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3043:. Archived from
3033:
3022:
3021:
3003:
2979:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2949:
2943:
2936:
2930:
2929:
2914:(3rd ed.).
2907:
2901:
2887:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2877:
2871:
2865:. Archived from
2840:
2831:
2822:
2821:
2811:
2787:
2777:Cited references
2697:
2680:
2664:
2647:greater ʻamakihi
2639:
2576:
2561:
2559:Telespiza ultima
2537:
2522:
2507:
2486:Rothschild, 1892
2485:
2461:
2437:
2425:lesser koa-finch
2421:Rothschild, 1892
2420:
2385:
2354:
2327:
2315:Lana'i 'alauahio
2307:
2281:
2264:
2238:
2221:
2194:
2170:
2161:
2145:
2132:
2114:
2093:
2073:
2053:
2051:Loxops ochraceus
2038:
2036:Loxops coccineus
2023:
1995:
1980:
1964:
1930:
1922:
1902:
1878:
1824:
1799:
1787:
1782:
1764:
1744:
1724:
1722:Drepanis funerea
1712:
1684:
1664:
1646:
1634:Hawaiʻi ʻamakihi
1626:
1611:
1596:
1587:
1534:
1515:
1476:
1456:
1436:
1416:
1407:
1382:
1362:
1342:
1326:
1252:(containing the
1244:lesser ʻamakihis
1242:(containing the
1204:greater ʻamakihi
1202:(containing the
1044:lesser ʻamakihis
1001:
963:greater ʻamakihi
955:
946:
882:
847:
840:
833:
755:
737:and the extinct
722:
694:
686:
679:
637:
607:
547:
521:
486:
479:
472:
422:and the extinct
407:
400:
376:
368:
361:
354:
301:Hawaiian Islands
233:invasive species
168:
70:
69:
44:
32:
21:
3595:
3594:
3590:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3585:
3584:
3555:
3554:
3553:
3548:
3540:
3535:
3527:
3522:
3514:
3509:
3501:
3496:
3487:
3486:
3481:
3472:
3471:
3466:
3453:
3432:
3422:
3417:
3416:
3407:
3405:
3395:
3394:
3390:
3380:
3378:
3368:(02): 175–185.
3357:
3352:
3351:
3344:
3306:
3305:
3301:
3269:
3268:
3264:
3252:
3237:
3236:
3232:
3188:
3187:
3183:
3141:
3140:
3136:
3121:10.2307/1368806
3100:
3095:
3094:
3090:
3083:
3064:
3063:
3059:
3050:
3048:
3035:
3034:
3025:
2988:Current Biology
2981:
2980:
2973:
2963:
2961:
2951:
2950:
2946:
2937:
2933:
2926:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2888:
2884:
2875:
2873:
2869:
2838:
2833:
2832:
2825:
2796:Current Biology
2789:
2788:
2784:
2779:
2762:
2757:
2756:
2734:
2726:
2362:Maui parrotbill
2275:, early 1990s?)
2269:Oʻahu ʻalauahio
2152:(extinct, 2004)
2098:Hawaiʻi creeper
1852:Kauaʻi nukupuʻu
1807:Lanaʻi hookbill
1678:, 1892 or 1937)
1672:ʻula-ʻai-hāwane
1604:Kauaʻi ʻamakihi
1566:Chloridops wahi
1532:Chloridops kona
1484:lesser ʻakialoa
1474:Akialoa obscura
1464:Kauaʻi ʻakialoa
1303:
1270:
1268:Characteristics
1128:
1119:
1110:
1101:
1092:
1083:
1074:
1065:
1056:
933:
902:
820:
811:
802:
702:ʻula-ʻai-hāwane
666:
657:
640:Dysmorodrepanis
593:
459:
241:
231:and especially
173:
171:
166:
64:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3593:
3591:
3583:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3557:
3556:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3546:
3533:
3520:
3507:
3494:
3479:
3463:
3461:
3455:
3454:
3449:
3443:
3442:
3431:
3430:External links
3428:
3427:
3426:
3421:
3418:
3415:
3414:
3388:
3342:
3315:(3): 441–451.
3299:
3280:(4): 970–981.
3262:
3250:
3230:
3181:
3134:
3088:
3081:
3075:. p. 46.
3057:
3023:
2971:
2944:
2931:
2924:
2902:
2882:
2849:(2): 581–596.
2823:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2773:
2768:
2761:
2758:
2735:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2714:
2713:
2712:
2711:
2710:
2709:
2692:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2628:
2627:
2626:
2616:
2597:
2596:
2595:
2588:Maui Nui finch
2571:
2556:
2532:
2499:
2498:
2497:
2480:
2456:
2432:
2402:
2401:
2400:
2367:
2366:
2365:
2338:
2337:
2336:
2335:
2334:
2332:Maui ‘alauahio
2322:
2297:
2276:
2250:
2249:
2248:
2236:Palmeria dolei
2215:
2214:
2213:
2206:highland finch
2182:
2181:
2180:
2155:
2154:
2153:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2102:
2101:
2100:
2088:
2068:
2048:
2046:Hawaiʻi ʻakepa
2033:
2009:
2008:
2007:
1990:
1970:– finch-like,
1956:
1955:
1954:
1940:
1914:
1913:
1912:
1897:
1890:giant nukupu'u
1873:
1866:Oʻahu nukupuʻu
1859:
1845:
1816:
1815:
1814:
1776:
1775:
1774:
1759:
1739:
1704:
1703:
1702:
1682:Ciridops tenax
1679:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1621:
1619:Oʻahu ʻamakihi
1606:
1584:Chlorodrepanis
1579:
1578:
1577:
1563:
1549:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1491:
1471:
1451:
1431:
1424:Oʻahu ʻakialoa
1399:
1398:
1397:
1377:
1357:
1302:
1299:
1269:
1266:
1240:Chlorodrepanis
1235:Chlorodrepanis
1125:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1039:Chlorodrepanis
1034:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1004:
999:
997:
994:
993:
990:
989:
975:
972:
971:
968:
967:
950:
944:
942:
939:
938:
935:
934:
930:
929:
926:
925:
911:
908:
907:
904:
903:
899:
898:
895:
894:
877:
873:
872:
869:
868:
850:
845:
843:
838:
836:
831:
829:
826:
825:
822:
821:
817:
816:
813:
812:
808:
807:
804:
803:
799:
798:
795:
794:
780:
777:
776:
773:
772:
758:
753:
751:
748:
747:
744:
743:
725:
720:
718:
715:
714:
711:
710:
689:
684:
682:
677:
675:
672:
671:
668:
667:
663:
662:
659:
658:
654:
653:
650:
649:
645:Lanai hookbill
632:
629:
628:
625:
624:
610:
605:
603:
599:
598:
595:
594:
590:
589:
586:
585:
567:
564:
563:
560:
559:
542:
538:
537:
534:
533:
516:
512:
511:
508:
507:
489:
484:
482:
477:
475:
470:
468:
465:
464:
461:
460:
456:
455:
452:
451:
437:
433:
432:
429:
428:
410:
405:
403:
398:
396:
393:
392:
389:
388:
371:
366:
364:
359:
357:
352:
240:
237:
177:
176:
161:
160:
154:
153:
147:
146:
142:
141:
136:
132:
131:
126:
122:
121:
116:
112:
111:
106:
102:
101:
96:
92:
91:
86:
82:
81:
76:
72:
71:
58:
57:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3592:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3543:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3525:
3521:
3517:
3512:
3508:
3504:
3499:
3495:
3490:
3484:
3480:
3475:
3469:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3447:
3441:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3429:
3424:
3423:
3419:
3404:on 2007-07-11
3403:
3399:
3392:
3389:
3376:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3356:
3349:
3347:
3343:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3303:
3300:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3274:
3266:
3263:
3259:
3253:
3251:9781472905741
3247:
3243:
3242:
3234:
3231:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3185:
3182:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3138:
3135:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3099:
3092:
3089:
3084:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3069:
3061:
3058:
3047:on 2021-04-17
3046:
3042:
3038:
3032:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2978:
2976:
2972:
2959:
2955:
2948:
2945:
2941:
2935:
2932:
2927:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2886:
2883:
2872:on 2018-09-26
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2837:
2830:
2828:
2824:
2819:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2786:
2783:
2776:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2759:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2743:
2739:
2732:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2707:
2703:
2696:
2693:
2690:
2686:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2648:
2642:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2633:
2629:
2624:
2620:
2617:
2614:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2589:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2564:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2550:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2525:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2510:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2491:
2484:
2481:
2478:
2474:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2450:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2426:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2409:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2394:
2388:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2377:
2372:
2368:
2363:
2357:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2333:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2316:
2310:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2291:
2285:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2270:
2265:Cabanis, 1850
2263:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2251:
2247:
2241:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2232:
2231:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2211:
2207:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2173:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2160:
2156:
2151:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2117:
2113:
2112:Magumma parva
2110:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2082:
2076:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2062:
2056:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2041:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2026:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2001:
2000:Kaua'i palila
1994:
1991:
1989:
1983:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1967:
1963:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1933:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1915:
1911:
1905:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1891:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1839:
1838:Maui nukupuʻu
1835:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1808:
1802:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1767:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1753:
1747:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1733:
1727:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1696:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1673:
1667:
1663:
1662:Ciridops anna
1660:
1659:
1657:
1656:
1649:
1645:
1644:
1639:
1635:
1629:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1614:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1599:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1571:
1570:wahi grosbeak
1567:
1564:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1543:
1542:Kona grosbeak
1537:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1518:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1485:
1479:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1465:
1459:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1445:
1439:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1425:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1406:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1324:
1319:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1306:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1283:nectarivorous
1280:
1279:
1273:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1236:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1210:
1205:
1201:
1200:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1160:morphological
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1144:sister genera
1141:
1140:
1135:
1134:
1123:
1122:
1114:
1113:
1105:
1104:
1096:
1095:
1087:
1086:
1078:
1077:
1069:
1068:
1060:
1059:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1010:
1003:
1002:
996:
995:
992:
991:
988:
986:
982:
981:
974:
973:
970:
969:
966:
964:
960:
959:
948:
947:
941:
940:
937:
936:
928:
927:
924:
922:
918:
917:
910:
909:
906:
905:
897:
896:
893:
891:
888:(the extinct
887:
886:
875:
874:
871:
870:
867:
865:
861:
857:
856:
849:
848:
842:
841:
835:
834:
828:
827:
824:
823:
815:
814:
806:
805:
797:
796:
793:
791:
787:
786:
779:
778:
775:
774:
771:
769:
765:
764:
757:
756:
750:
749:
746:
745:
742:
740:
736:
732:
731:
724:
723:
717:
716:
713:
712:
709:
707:
703:
700:(the extinct
699:
698:
688:
687:
681:
680:
674:
673:
670:
669:
661:
660:
652:
651:
648:
646:
643:(the extinct
642:
641:
631:
630:
627:
626:
623:
621:
617:
616:
609:
608:
601:
600:
597:
596:
588:
587:
584:
582:
581:Nihoa finches
578:
574:
573:
566:
565:
562:
561:
558:
556:
553:(the extinct
552:
551:
540:
539:
536:
535:
532:
530:
527:(the extinct
526:
525:
514:
513:
510:
509:
506:
504:
500:
496:
495:
488:
487:
481:
480:
474:
473:
467:
466:
463:
462:
454:
453:
450:
448:
444:
443:
435:
434:
431:
430:
427:
425:
421:
417:
416:
409:
408:
402:
401:
395:
394:
391:
390:
387:
385:
382:(the extinct
381:
380:
370:
369:
363:
362:
356:
355:
351:
349:
344:
342:
338:
334:
330:
329:
324:
323:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
289:
284:
279:
277:
273:
272:Passerellidae
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
246:
238:
236:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
188:
183:
175:
174:Drepanidinae
162:
159:
155:
152:
148:
143:
140:
137:
134:
133:
130:
127:
124:
123:
120:
119:Passeriformes
117:
114:
113:
110:
107:
104:
103:
100:
97:
94:
93:
90:
87:
84:
83:
80:
77:
74:
73:
68:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3503:Drepanididae
3489:Drepanidinae
3459:Drepanidinae
3458:
3406:. Retrieved
3402:the original
3391:
3379:. Retrieved
3365:
3361:
3312:
3308:
3302:
3277:
3271:
3265:
3257:
3240:
3233:
3203:(46): 1–92.
3200:
3194:
3184:
3154:(45): 1–91.
3151:
3147:
3137:
3108:
3104:
3091:
3067:
3060:
3049:. Retrieved
3045:the original
3040:
2991:
2987:
2962:. Retrieved
2957:
2947:
2934:
2911:
2905:
2890:
2885:
2874:. Retrieved
2867:the original
2846:
2842:
2799:
2795:
2785:
2738:Fringillidae
2724:Conservation
2715:
2694:
2677:
2659:
2636:
2631:
2618:
2608:
2600:
2573:
2558:
2549:Kauaʻi finch
2534:
2530:Laysan finch
2519:
2502:
2482:
2458:
2434:
2417:
2414:specialists
2407:Rhodacanthis
2405:
2382:
2374:
2371:Psittirostra
2370:
2351:
2342:Pseudonestor
2341:
2324:
2304:
2299:
2278:
2261:
2253:
2235:
2228:
2218:
2191:
2185:
2167:
2162:Wilson, 1891
2158:
2142:
2130:Melamprosops
2129:
2111:
2105:
2094:Wilson, 1891
2090:
2081:Oʻahu ʻakepa
2070:
2050:
2035:
2020:
2012:
1992:
1977:
1959:
1942:
1927:
1917:
1910:ʻakiapolaʻau
1899:
1875:
1861:
1847:
1844:, 1995–1998)
1833:
1826:Lichtenstein
1819:
1796:
1784:
1779:
1761:
1752:Hawaiʻi mamo
1741:
1721:
1707:
1681:
1661:
1653:
1641:
1623:
1608:
1593:
1582:
1565:
1551:
1531:
1522:
1510:
1493:
1473:
1453:
1433:
1413:
1402:
1379:
1359:
1339:
1321:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1247:
1239:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1224:, including
1221:
1218:paraphyletic
1213:
1207:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1137:
1131:
1129:
1037:
1036:
1007:
1006:
978:
977:
956:
952:
916:Pseudonestor
914:
913:
883:
879:
860:ʻakiapōlāʻau
853:
852:
783:
782:
761:
760:
728:
727:
695:
691:
638:
634:
615:Psittirostra
613:
612:
570:
569:
548:
544:
524:Rhodacanthis
522:
518:
503:Kauai palila
492:
491:
440:
439:
413:
412:
379:Melamprosops
377:
373:
345:
326:
320:
317:Melamprosops
316:
296:
286:
283:sister taxon
280:
263:
256:Drepanidinae
255:
248:Drepanididae
247:
242:
212:
192:
191:
167:Drepanidini
165:Drepanididae
164:
150:
129:Fringillidae
53:
29:
18:Drepanididae
3580:Carduelinae
3483:Wikispecies
3115:: 172–180.
2745:Carduelinae
2706:prehistoric
2689:prehistoric
2623:prehistoric
2613:prehistoric
2592:prehistoric
2569:Nihoa finch
2553:prehistoric
2477:prehistoric
2453:prehistoric
2255:Paroreomyza
2210:prehistoric
2186:Orthiospiza
2139:specialist
2091:Loxops mana
2061:Maui ʻakepa
2004:prehistoric
1894:prehistoric
1821:Hemignathus
1699:prehistoric
1655:Pritchardia
1574:prehistoric
1560:prehistoric
1528:specialist
1502:prehistoric
1394:prehistoric
1374:prehistoric
1354:prehistoric
1316:Drepanidini
1310:Carduelinae
1226:Hemignathus
1222:Hemignathus
1214:Hemignathus
1188:Paroreomyza
1180:Paroreomyza
1176:Paroreomyza
1164:Paroreomyza
1133:Paroreomyza
855:Hemignathus
529:koa-finches
415:Paroreomyza
328:Paroreomyza
276:Carduelinae
264:Drepanidini
209:rosefinches
172:Drepaniidae
139:Carduelinae
135:Subfamily:
3559:Categories
3408:2007-04-26
3381:4 November
3256:The genus
3217:10088/1746
3168:10088/1745
3105:The Condor
3051:2021-04-17
2876:2015-07-09
2740:), of the
2661:Xestospiza
2641:Rothschild
2602:Vangulifer
2515:scavengers
2395:(probably
2364:or kiwikiu
2356:Rothschild
2271:(possibly
2246:ʻakohekohe
2223:Rothschild
2159:Oreomystis
2075:Rothschild
2055:Rothschild
1904:Rothschild
1780:Dysmorodre
1732:black mamo
1512:Chloridops
1438:Rothschild
1308:Subfamily
1295:non-native
1192:Oreomystis
1184:Oreomystis
1172:Oreomystis
1168:Oreomystis
1139:Oreomystis
768:ʻākohekohe
550:Chloridops
442:Oreomystis
420:ʻalauahios
322:Oreomystis
297:Carpodacus
288:Carpodacus
223:since the
221:extinction
213:Carpodacus
169:(see text)
3258:Aidemedia
3010:0960-9822
2742:subfamily
2632:Viridonia
2504:Telespiza
2290:kākāwahie
2172:Stejneger
2122:ʻanianiau
2116:Stejneger
2106:Magumma -
1961:Loxioides
1919:Himatione
1323:Aidemedia
1209:Aidemedia
1199:Viridonia
1156:molecular
985:ʻanianiau
958:Viridonia
890:ʻakialoas
864:nukupuʻus
785:Himatione
572:Telespiza
494:Loxioides
424:kākāwahie
252:subfamily
151:See text
85:Kingdom:
79:Eukaryota
3468:Wikidata
3337:40057425
3294:41112065
3225:40166713
3176:40166794
3018:22018543
2893:6th ed.
2863:22023825
2818:22018543
2760:See also
2399:, 1998?)
2219:Palmeria
2178:ʻakikiki
2087:, 1990s)
2031:‘akeke‘e
1982:Oustalet
1966:Oustalet
1938:ʻapapane
1714:Temminck
1709:Drepanis
1658:species
1643:Ciridops
1258:ʻakekeʻe
1018:ʻakekeʻe
790:ʻapapane
763:Palmeria
730:Drepanis
697:Ciridops
447:ʻakikiki
333:Pliocene
239:Taxonomy
187:Mohoidae
158:Synonyms
125:Family:
99:Chordata
95:Phylum:
89:Animalia
75:Domain:
3474:Q904159
3317:Bibcode
3273:The Auk
3129:1368806
2749:Hawai'i
2653:, 1901)
2651:extinct
2496:, 1896)
2494:extinct
2431:, 1891)
2429:extinct
2397:extinct
2321:, 1937)
2319:extinct
2296:, 1963)
2294:extinct
2286:, 1889)
2273:extinct
2150:poʻouli
2085:extinct
2067:, 1988)
2065:extinct
1972:Fabales
1953:, 1923)
1951:extinct
1872:, 1837)
1870:extinct
1858:, 1998)
1856:extinct
1842:extinct
1813:, 1918)
1811:extinct
1801:Perkins
1789:Perkins
1766:Forster
1758:, 1898)
1756:extinct
1738:, 1907)
1736:extinct
1676:extinct
1628:Cabanis
1548:, 1894)
1546:extinct
1490:, 1940)
1488:extinct
1478:Cabanis
1470:, 1969)
1468:extinct
1450:, 1892)
1448:extinct
1430:, 1940)
1428:extinct
1404:Akialoa
1254:'akepas
1230:Akialoa
1152:genetic
1014:'akepas
980:Magumma
921:kiwikiu
885:Akialoa
384:poʻouli
313:po'ouli
305:Ni'ihau
285:to the
201:Hawaiʻi
197:endemic
145:Genera
115:Order:
105:Class:
3542:157600
3516:553467
3335:
3292:
3248:
3223:
3174:
3127:
3079:
3016:
3008:
2964:5 June
2922:
2897:
2861:
2816:
2753:extant
2718:tribes
2672:, 1991
2668:&
2658:Genus
2643:, 1892
2630:Genus
2599:Genus
2584:, 1991
2580:&
2565:, 1917
2545:, 1991
2541:&
2526:, 1890
2524:Wilson
2511:, 1890
2509:Wilson
2501:Genus
2469:, 2005
2465:&
2445:, 2005
2441:&
2412:legume
2404:Genus
2389:, 1789
2387:Gmelin
2369:Genus
2358:, 1893
2346:parrot
2340:Genus
2311:, 1890
2309:Wilson
2284:Wilson
2252:Genus
2242:, 1891
2240:Wilson
2225:, 1893
2217:Genus
2202:, 1991
2198:&
2184:Genus
2174:, 1887
2157:Genus
2128:Genus
2118:, 1887
2104:Genus
2077:, 1895
2057:, 1893
2042:, 1789
2040:Gmelin
2027:, 1890
2025:Wilson
2014:Loxops
2011:Genus
1988:palila
1984:, 1877
1968:, 1877
1958:Genus
1934:, 1788
1932:Gmelin
1916:Genus
1906:, 1893
1886:, 2003
1882:&
1828:, 1839
1818:Genus
1803:, 1919
1791:, 1919
1778:Genus
1772:ʻiʻiwi
1768:, 1780
1748:, 1788
1746:Gmelin
1728:, 1894
1726:Newton
1716:, 1820
1706:Genus
1692:, 1991
1688:&
1668:, 1879
1650:, 1892
1648:Newton
1640:Genus
1630:, 1851
1615:, 1827
1613:Bloxam
1600:, 1989
1581:Genus
1538:, 1888
1536:Wilson
1519:, 1888
1517:Wilson
1509:Genus
1480:, 1889
1460:, 1889
1458:Wilson
1440:, 1893
1420:, 1859
1401:Genus
1390:, 1991
1386:&
1370:, 1991
1366:&
1350:, 1991
1346:&
1334:, 1991
1330:&
1320:Genus
1262:ʻalawī
1249:Loxops
1232:, and
1022:ʻalawī
1020:, and
1009:Loxops
735:ʻiʻiwi
579:&
577:Laysan
499:palila
245:family
50:ʻIʻiwi
3529:64795
3358:(PDF)
3333:S2CID
3290:S2CID
3221:JSTOR
3172:JSTOR
3125:JSTOR
3111:(1).
3101:(PDF)
2870:(PDF)
2839:(PDF)
2670:Oslon
2666:James
2582:Olson
2578:James
2563:Bryan
2543:Olson
2539:James
2467:Olson
2463:James
2443:Olson
2439:James
2200:Olson
2196:James
2137:snail
1884:Olson
1880:James
1785:panis
1690:James
1686:Olson
1598:Pratt
1388:James
1384:Olson
1368:James
1364:Olson
1348:James
1344:Olson
1332:James
1328:Olson
1148:basal
739:mamos
309:Kauai
260:finch
205:finch
3524:NCBI
3511:ITIS
3383:2015
3246:ISBN
3077:ISBN
3014:PMID
3006:ISSN
2966:2015
2938:AOU
2920:ISBN
2895:ISBN
2859:PMID
2814:PMID
2393:ʻōʻū
1666:Dole
1418:Gray
1260:and
1182:and
1154:and
1136:and
704:and
620:ʻōʻū
341:Maui
337:Oahu
325:and
307:and
293:Asia
109:Aves
3498:ADW
3370:doi
3325:doi
3282:doi
3278:120
3213:hdl
3205:doi
3164:hdl
3156:doi
3117:doi
2996:doi
2851:doi
2804:doi
1264:).
1142:as
199:to
3561::
3539::
3526::
3513::
3500::
3485::
3470::
3366:16
3364:.
3360:.
3345:^
3331:.
3323:.
3313:14
3311:.
3288:.
3276:.
3219:.
3211:.
3201:46
3199:.
3193:.
3170:.
3162:.
3152:45
3150:.
3146:.
3123:.
3109:94
3107:.
3103:.
3071:.
3039:.
3026:^
3012:.
3004:.
2992:21
2990:.
2986:.
2974:^
2956:.
2918:.
2857:.
2847:62
2845:.
2841:.
2826:^
2812:.
2800:21
2798:.
2794:.
2700:–
2683:–
2645:–
2586:–
2567:–
2547:–
2528:–
2488:–
2471:–
2447:–
2423:–
2391:–
2360:–
2344:–
2330:–
2313:–
2288:–
2267:–
2244:–
2204:-
2176:–
2148:–
2120:-
2096:–
2079:–
2059:-
2044:–
2029:–
1998:–
1986:–
1945:–
1936:–
1908:–
1888:–
1864:–
1850:–
1836:–
1805:–
1770:–
1750:–
1730:–
1670:–
1632:–
1617:–
1602:–
1568:–
1554:–
1540:–
1496:–
1482:–
1462:–
1442:–
1422:–
1256:,
1228:,
1046:)
1024:)
1016:,
987:)
949:?
923:)
892:)
876:?
866:)
792:)
770:)
741:)
708:)
647:)
622:)
602:?
557:)
541:?
531:)
515:?
505:)
449:)
436:?
426:)
386:)
346:A
278:.
254:,
56:)
3411:.
3385:.
3372::
3339:.
3327::
3319::
3296:.
3284::
3254:.
3227:.
3215::
3207::
3178:.
3166::
3158::
3131:.
3119::
3085:.
3054:.
3020:.
2998::
2968:.
2928:.
2879:.
2853::
2820:.
2806::
2733:.
2708:)
2704:(
2691:)
2687:(
2649:(
2625:)
2615:)
2594:)
2590:(
2555:)
2551:(
2492:(
2479:)
2475:(
2455:)
2451:(
2427:(
2317:(
2292:(
2282:(
2212:)
2208:(
2083:(
2063:(
2002:(
1949:(
1896:)
1892:(
1868:(
1854:(
1840:(
1809:(
1754:(
1734:(
1701:)
1697:(
1674:(
1576:)
1572:(
1562:)
1558:(
1544:(
1526:)
1504:)
1500:(
1486:(
1466:(
1446:(
1426:(
1396:)
1376:)
1356:)
1042:(
1012:(
983:(
961:(
954:†
919:(
881:†
858:(
788:(
766:(
733:(
693:†
636:†
575:(
546:†
520:†
497:(
445:(
418:(
375:†
315:(
270:(
211:(
52:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
