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The reason for the stability of DNA, RNA or protein could be attributed to the fact that the biological material binds to the matrix of the filter paper and the process of drying excludes water which is an important factor necessary for protease or nuclease to act. Binding of the biological material
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result. Dried blood spot testing for HIV is not considered sensitive enough for diagnostic testing, but may be useful in estimating the prevalence of HIV through surveillance. DBS specimens also pose less of a biohazard risk to handlers, and are easier to transport or store than liquid blood
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Dried blood spot specimens are collected by applying a few drops of blood, drawn by lancet from the finger, heel or toe, onto specially manufactured absorbent filter paper. The blood is allowed to thoroughly saturate the paper. It is air dried for several hours. Specimens are stored in low
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Ivar Bang first described the DBS as an unusual sampling method in 1913. The concept that capillary blood, obtained from pricking the heel or finger and blotted onto filter paper, could be used to screen for metabolic diseases in large populations of neonates was introduced in
Scotland by
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As an alternative to punching out a paper disc, recent automation solutions extract the sample by flushing an eluent through the filter without punching it out. An automation including the application of an internal standard prior extraction was developed by the Swiss company CAMAG.
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Ganz N, Singrasa, M, Nicolas, L, Gutierrez, M, Dingemanse, J, Döbelin, W, Glinski, M (Feb 15, 2012). "Development and validation of a fully automated online human dried blood spot analysis of bosentan and its metabolites using the Sample Card And Prep DBS System".
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The technology holds promise for expanding diagnostic services to HIV-infected infants in resource-poor settings due to the samples' longer lifespan with reduced need for refrigeration and the less invasive nature of the test compared with other methods. Unlike
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Once in the laboratory, technicians separate a small disc of saturated paper from the sheet using an automated or manual hole punch, dropping the disc into a flat bottomed microtitre plate. The blood is eluted out in phosphate buffered saline containing 0.05%
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testing for HIV-antibodies in the blood, which may be transmitted to infants in pregnancy independently of the virus itself, dried blood spot testing can be used to detect the genetic material of the actual virus, thereby avoiding the likelihood of a
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This type of blood testing is now available for use at home by consumers in the U.S. Available blood tests include vitamin D, estrogen, testosterone, cortisol, TSH and lipids. New York is the only state that prohibits home blood spot testing.
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and HIV infection. The limitations of sensitivity and specificity when screening such small volumes of blood restricted the use of dried blood spots for many years. However, recent advances such as the production of
112:, overnight at 4 °C. The resultant plate containing the eluates forms the "master" from which dilutions can be made for subsequent testing.
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card samples have been collected routinely from infants in over 20 countries to screen for phenylketonuria and more recently for
83:, expression of synthetic proteins, and the introduction of the polymerase chain reaction have overcome many of these problems.
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370:"Stability of dried blood spot specimens for detection of human immunodeficiency virus DNA by polymerase chain reaction"
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180:"Advantages and Challenges of Dried Blood Spot Analysis by Mass Spectrometry Across the Total Testing Process"
278:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Office of Health and Safety: Biosafety Branch. March 9, 1995.
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where blood samples are blotted and dried on filter paper. The dried samples can easily be shipped to an
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also binds several inhibitors which may interfere with various nucleic acid amplification methods.
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added to reduce humidity, and may be kept at ambient temperature, even in tropical climates.
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224:"The use of the dried blood spot sample in epidemiological studies"
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Cassol S, Salas T, Gill MJ, et al. (December 1992).
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Guidelines for the
Shipment of Dried Blood Spot Specimens
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41:and analysed using various methods such as
120:Dried blood spot testing for HIV infection
66:became nationwide in 1969–70. Since then,
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222:Parker SP, Cubitt WD (September 1999).
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159:High-performance liquid chromatography
47:high-performance liquid chromatography
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96:gas-permeability plastic bags with
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386:10.1128/jcm.30.12.3039-3042.1992
272:"Information Sheet: Dried Blood"
62:in 1963. Neonatal screening for
323:"Flow Through Desorption (FTD)"
178:Zakaria R, et al. (2016).
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300:10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.12.012
292:Journal of Chromatography B
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154:Polymerase chain reaction
72:congenital hypothyroidism
31:Dried blood spot testing
27:Blood sampling technique
18:Dried blood spot testing
81:monoclonal antibodies
76:sickle cell disorders
39:analytical laboratory
429:Biological specimens
240:10.1136/jcp.52.9.633
33:(DBS) is a form of
374:J. Clin. Microbiol
294:. 885–886: 50–60.
43:DNA amplification
16:(Redirected from
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64:phenylketonuria
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132:false positive
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60:Robert Guthrie
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351:. Retrieved
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344:"DBS-MS 500"
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326:. Retrieved
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234:(9): 633–9.
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110:sodium azide
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424:Blood tests
328:11 November
135:specimens.
108:and 0.005%
35:biosampling
418:Categories
353:18 January
165:References
139:Principle
98:desiccant
91:Procedure
308:22227055
258:10655983
206:28149263
148:See also
106:Tween 80
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197:5282914
68:Guthrie
53:History
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395:270585
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249:501537
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184:EJIFCC
127:ELISA
400:PMID
355:2016
330:2012
304:PMID
254:PMID
202:PMID
390:PMC
382:doi
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244:PMC
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192:PMC
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