586:. To accurately diagnose this condition, a detailed drug history is crucial. Often, several drugs may be causative and allergy testing may be helpful. Sulfa drugs are well known to induce TEN or SJS in certain people. For example, HIV patients have an increased incidence of SJS or TEN compared to the general population and have been found to express low levels of the drug metabolizing enzyme responsible for detoxifying sulfa drugs. Genetics plays an important role in predisposing certain populations to TEN and SJS. As such, there are some
88:
40:
113:. Most drug-induced cutaneous reactions are mild and disappear when the offending drug is withdrawn. These are called "simple" drug eruptions. However, more serious drug eruptions may be associated with organ injury such as liver or kidney damage and are categorized as "complex". Drugs can also cause
590:
recommended genetic screening tests available for certain drugs and ethnic populations to prevent the occurrence of a drug eruption. The most well known example is carbamezepine (an anti-convulsant used to treat seizures) hypersensitivity associated with the presence of HLA-B*5801 genetic allele in
164:
reactions, are often immune-mediated and reproducible with repeated exposure to normal dosages of a given drug. Unlike type A reactions, the mechanism of type B or hypersensitivity drug reactions is not fully elucidated. However, there is a complex interplay between a patient's inherited genetics,
136:
in medicine has revolutionized human health, allowing us to live longer lives. Consequently, the average human adult is exposed to many drugs over longer treatment periods throughout a lifetime. This unprecedented rise in pharmaceutical use has led to an increasing number of observed adverse drug
755:
DIHS is a delayed onset drug eruption, often occurring a few weeks to 3 months after initiation of a drug. Worsening of systemic symptoms occurs 3–4 days after cessation of the offending drug. There are genetic risk alleles that are predictive of the development of DIHS for particular drugs and
519:
Certain drugs are less likely to cause drug eruptions (rates estimated to be ≤3 per 1000 patients exposed). These include: digoxin, aluminum hydroxide, multivitamins, acetaminophen, bisacodyl, aspirin, thiamine, prednisone, atropine, codeine, hydrochlorothiazide, morphine, insulin, warfarin and
756:
ethnic populations. The most important of which is abacavir (an anti-viral used in the treatment of HIV) hypersensitivity associated with the presence of the HLA-B*5701 allele in
European and African population in the United States and Australians.
763:. This testing should be performed within one month after resolution of the rash and patch test results are interpreted at different time points: 48 hours, 72hours and even later at 96 hours and 120 hours in order to improve the sensitivity.
1278:
1259:
212:(AGEP). These severe cutaneous drug eruptions are categorized as hypersensitivity reactions and are immune-mediated. There are four types of hypersensitivity reactions and many drugs can induce one or more hypersensitivity reactions.
784:
1360:
3312:
4457:
1353:
3305:
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is the term for a drug eruption that occurs in the same skin area every time the person is exposed to the drug. Eruptions can occur frequently with a certain drug (for example, with
563:
Drug reactions have characteristic timing. The typical amount of time it takes for a rash to appear after exposure to a drug can help categorize the type of reaction. For example,
568:
344:
168:
Because the manifestation of a drug eruption is complex and highly individual, there are many subfields in medicine that are studying this phenomenon. For example, the field of
172:
aims to prevent the occurrence of severe adverse drug reactions by analyzing a person's inherited genetic risk. As such, there are clinical examples of inherited genetic
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2902:
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2441:
1853:
4538:
3667:
3193:
579:
typically occur 7–21 days after exposure. Anaphylaxis occurs within minutes. Simple exanthematous eruptions occur between 4 and 14 days after exposure.
564:
356:
209:
3067:
4483:
4292:
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410:
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4194:
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4016:
2160:
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4011:
1843:
1042:
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941:
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3870:
3004:
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1952:
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4342:
4006:
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4052:
3914:
3548:
2888:
3909:
165:
the pharmacotoxicology of the drug and the immune response that ultimately give rise to the manifestation of a drug eruption.
4664:
4327:
2976:
2636:
2594:
2427:
1911:
1537:
2689:
4598:
4467:
4132:
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1647:
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348:
189:
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1717:
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4091:
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2021:
1552:
1507:
462:
197:
3610:
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4122:
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3037:
2621:
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352:
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68:
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2139:
1785:
1722:
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3290:
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3939:
3702:
3615:
3226:
2969:
2546:
2404:
2099:
1818:
1790:
1420:
759:
AGEP is often caused by antimicrobial, anti-fungal or antimalarial drugs. Diagnosis is often carried out by
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3533:
4583:
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3337:
2482:
2379:
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1607:
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106:
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3120:
3077:
3072:
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2803:
2662:
1627:
1425:
1400:
533:
1338:
4629:
4436:
4250:
3643:
3523:
3473:
3329:
3216:
3148:
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1622:
1542:
1532:
1282:
1116:
774:
442:
434:
390:
185:
87:
64:
56:
873:
Valeyrie-Allanore L, Sassolas B, Roujeau JC (2007). "Drug-induced skin, nail and hair disorders".
4548:
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3575:
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2062:
1947:
1906:
1780:
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1597:
1060:
959:
898:
497:
402:
176:
that are known to predict drug hypersensitivities and for which diagnostic testing is available.
48:
3947:
3590:
4498:
4426:
3957:
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3600:
3580:
3555:
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3203:
2926:
2788:
2725:
2616:
2556:
2459:
2256:
1962:
1838:
1833:
1712:
1686:
1612:
1602:
1440:
1415:
1222:
1187:
1136:
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1089:
1048:
1038:
1009:
947:
937:
890:
850:
818:
485:
458:
378:
133:
76:
536:. However, they can mimic various other conditions, thus delaying diagnosis (for example, in
4001:
3935:
3852:
3847:
3788:
3715:
3690:
3648:
3595:
3538:
3442:
3424:
3221:
3187:
2825:
2798:
2354:
2203:
2109:
2057:
1927:
1702:
1637:
1214:
1177:
1167:
1128:
1001:
882:
291:
286:
169:
122:
3659:
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4112:
3996:
3924:
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3731:
3265:
3009:
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2864:
2830:
2820:
2769:
2745:
2740:
2679:
2561:
2339:
2266:
1937:
1652:
1497:
1435:
583:
529:
508:), fixed drug eruption due to acetaminophen or NSAIDs (Ibuprofen), and the rash following
493:
426:
3638:
146:
reactions are known side effects of a drug that are largely predictable and are called,
4413:
4026:
3980:
3773:
3633:
3625:
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3570:
3565:
2999:
2964:
2810:
2750:
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2389:
2306:
1848:
1676:
1182:
1155:
430:
321:
201:
60:
1291:
1287:
1156:"Sweet's syndrome--a comprehensive review of an acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis"
4653:
4510:
4201:
3793:
3364:
2657:
2606:
2571:
2536:
2472:
2384:
2359:
2314:
2276:
2144:
1871:
1823:
1755:
1727:
1205:
Roujeau JC, Stern RS (November 1994). "Severe adverse cutaneous reactions to drugs".
886:
473:
52:
902:
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1522:
1326:
489:
422:
370:
205:
118:
114:
1302:
4309:
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3478:
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2364:
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1891:
1557:
1218:
1005:
549:
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477:
257:
81:
4505:
3528:
3500:
3325:
3112:
2847:
2611:
2586:
2495:
2450:
2324:
2165:
2042:
1760:
1732:
1502:
1272:
1268:
760:
557:
553:
509:
469:
406:
315:
262:
110:
17:
1093:
1052:
951:
4515:
3488:
2917:
2779:
2369:
2319:
2083:
1670:
1642:
1547:
1382:
1321:
785:
List of human leukocyte antigen alleles associated with cutaneous conditions
545:
501:
438:
382:
184:
Some of the most severe and life-threatening examples of drug eruptions are
39:
1191:
1172:
1140:
1101:
894:
1226:
822:
582:
TEN and SJS are severe cutaneous drug reactions that involve the skin and
4270:
3447:
3419:
3392:
3242:
3139:
2880:
2704:
2652:
2394:
2016:
1996:
1932:
1886:
1828:
1765:
1707:
1527:
1476:
1405:
98:
2419:
1117:"Phenytoin in cutaneous medicine: its uses, mechanisms and side effects"
381:(approximately 90% of cases). Less commonly, the appearance may also be
3706:
2713:
2193:
2047:
1957:
1876:
1863:
1813:
1742:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1132:
845:
Schaffer (2012). Jean L. Bolognia; Joseph L. Jorizzo; Julie V. (eds.).
809:
Manders SM (June 1995). "Serious and life-threatening drug eruptions".
500:. Common examples include photodermatitis due to local NSAIDs (such as
398:
394:
374:
126:
1251:
4075:
3402:
3397:
1805:
1750:
1517:
1512:
1486:
1395:
1263:
173:
4042:
3710:
3434:
1471:
253:
4458:
Leukotriene receptor antagonist-associated Churg–Strauss syndrome
1080:
Bigby, M. (2001-06-01). "Rates of cutaneous reactions to drugs".
595:
Pharmacogenetic alleles associated with cutaneous drug reactions
3463:
2708:
2052:
1571:
1390:
1035:
Pharmacogenomics : an introduction and clinical perspective
541:
4274:
3663:
3294:
2884:
2423:
1342:
996:
Dyer, Jon A. (2015). "Immunology of
Cutaneous Drug Eruptions".
567:
usually occurs within 4 days of starting the culprit drug.
421:
The underlying mechanism can be immunological (such as in
140:
There are two broad categories of adverse drug reactions.
571:
usually occurs between 15 and 40 days after exposure.
569:
Drug
Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms
345:
Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms
1241:
936:. French, Lars E. Basel, Switzerland: Karger. 2012.
468:
Examples of common drugs causing drug eruptions are
4622:
4531:
4524:
4476:
4445:
4412:
4374:
4351:
4308:
4216:
4182:
4173:
4151:
4105:
4084:
4065:
4035:
3989:
3974:
3933:
3885:
3878:
3864:
3834:
3809:
3724:
3701:
3624:
3499:
3456:
3433:
3385:
3336:
3240:
3202:
3147:
3138:
3111:
3060:
2951:
2935:
2916:
2839:
2703:
2585:
2504:
2481:
2458:
2338:
2305:
2249:
2234:
2225:
2182:
2153:
2132:
2123:
2076:
2035:
2004:
1993:
1986:
1975:
1920:
1862:
1804:
1741:
1661:
1590:
1579:
1570:
1485:
1449:
1381:
1374:
1312:
1245:
75:
32:
1037:. Bertino, Joseph S. New York: McGraw-Hill. 2013.
1369:Diseases of the skin and appendages by morphology
4161:Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease
868:
866:
4286:
3675:
3306:
2896:
2435:
1854:Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta
1354:
528:Drug eruptions are diagnosed mainly from the
8:
1508:Dermatofibroma (benign fibrous histiocytoma)
338:Activated T-cells produce cytokines causing
409:can also be drug-induced (most notably, by
340:inflammation leading to tissue destruction
4539:Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis
4528:
4293:
4279:
4271:
4179:
4081:
3986:
3882:
3861:
3721:
3682:
3668:
3660:
3313:
3299:
3291:
3194:Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis
3144:
2957:
2932:
2903:
2889:
2881:
2442:
2428:
2420:
2231:
2129:
2001:
1990:
1983:
1587:
1576:
1378:
1361:
1347:
1339:
1242:
840:
838:
836:
834:
832:
565:Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis
357:acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis
210:acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis
86:
38:
29:
3068:Acquired C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency
1181:
1171:
132:The use of synthetic pharmaceuticals and
4484:Anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome
612:FDA recommended Pharmacogenetic testing
593:
425:) or non-immunological (for example, in
411:angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
214:
4544:Generalized bullous fixed drug eruption
4195:Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
801:
4389:Chemotherapy-induced hyperpigmentation
2161:Disseminated intravascular coagulation
1058:
957:
369:The most common type of eruption is a
202:drug induced hypersensitivity syndrome
4489:Allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome
4463:Methotrexate-induced papular eruption
4323:Sulfonamide hypersensitivity syndrome
4017:Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
3121:Episodic angioedema with eosinophilia
849:(3rd ed.). : Elsevier Saunders.
7:
4394:Scleroderma-like reaction to taxanes
2763:Hydroxyethyl starch-induced pruritus
1029:
1027:
1025:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
981:
979:
977:
975:
928:
926:
924:
922:
920:
918:
916:
914:
912:
482:nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
4453:Adverse reaction to biologic agents
4422:Anticoagulant-induced skin necrosis
4384:Chemotherapy-induced acral erythema
4333:Adverse effects of fluoroquinolones
3098:Urticaria-like follicular mucinosis
2527:Urushiol-induced contact dermatitis
1000:. Springer, London. pp. 3–12.
314:in tissues-triggers recruitment of
2600:Autoimmune progesterone dermatitis
1943:Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation
312:antigen-antibody complex deposits
279:antibody binds antigen leading to
25:
4609:HIV disease-related drug reaction
4559:Drug-related gingival hyperplasia
4234:Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome
1844:Transient acantholytic dermatosis
504:) or due to antibiotics (such as
441:), or be very rare (for example,
4569:Drug-induced lupus erythematosus
4404:Exudative hyponychial dermatitis
3871:Hemolytic disease of the newborn
3005:Localized heat contact urticaria
2982:Secondary cold contact urticaria
1953:Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis
934:Adverse cutaneous drug eruptions
887:10.2165/00002018-200730110-00003
538:drug-induced lupus erythematosus
445:following the administration of
47:Examples of drug eruptions. (A)
4564:Drug-induced lichenoid reaction
4053:Subacute bacterial endocarditis
3915:Immune thrombocytopenic purpura
3549:Florid cutaneous papillomatosis
1963:Hypopigmented mycosis fungoides
347:(i.e. DRESS syndrome or DIHS),
4328:Urticarial erythema multiforme
2977:Primary cold contact urticaria
2637:Hyperkeratotic hand dermatitis
2595:Autoimmune estrogen dermatitis
2204:Lichen sclerosis et atrophicus
1912:Subcorneal pustular dermatosis
1538:Infantile digital fibromatosis
129:without outward skin changes.
1:
4599:Linear IgA bullous dermatosis
4468:Adverse reaction to cytokines
4133:Postorgasmic illness syndrome
3251:Necrolytic migratory erythema
3212:Erythema annulare centrifugum
3103:Chronic spontaneous urticaria
2846:substances taken internally:
2685:Nutritional deficiency eczema
2491:Pityriasis simplex capillitii
1796:Epidermolysis bullosa simplex
1633:Langerhans cell histiocytosis
524:Diagnosis and screening tests
281:complement-driven cell lysis
4635:Serum sickness-like reaction
4614:Photosensitive drug reaction
4190:Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
2943:Urticarial allergic eruption
2644:Autosensitization dermatitis
2532:African blackwood dermatitis
2272:Systemic lupus erythematosus
2027:Systemic lupus erythematosus
1718:Systemic lupus erythematosus
1115:Scheinfeld N (August 2003).
780:List of cutaneous conditions
715:no recommendation available
247:antigen binds to mast cell/
4343:Jarisch–Herxheimer reaction
4256:Systemic autoimmune disease
4092:Allergic contact dermatitis
4012:Hypersensitivity vasculitis
3895:Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
3232:Annular erythema of infancy
2870:Papuloerythroderma of Ofuji
2675:Juvenile plantar dermatosis
1553:Lymphangioma circumscriptum
1219:10.1056/NEJM199411103311906
1006:10.1007/978-1-4471-6729-7_1
463:over-the-counter medication
324:, Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
249:basophil surface receptors
216:Hypersensitivity Reactions
198:hypersensitivity vasculitis
4681:
4604:Toxic epidermal necrolysis
3762:common allergies include:
3177:Toxic epidermal necrolysis
3038:Delayed pressure urticaria
2622:Topical steroid withdrawal
2577:Protein contact dermatitis
2375:Mucous membrane pemphigoid
573:Toxic epidermal necrolysis
560:tests can also be useful.
457:The culprit can be both a
447:colony-stimulating factors
353:toxic epidermal necrolysis
194:toxic epidermal necrolysis
4579:Drug-induced pigmentation
4574:Drug-induced nail changes
3276:Necrolytic acral erythema
3167:Erythema multiforme major
3162:Erythema multiforme minor
3018:
2995:
2960:
2690:Sulzberger–Garbe syndrome
69:photosensitivity reaction
46:
37:
4589:Stevens–Johnson syndrome
4318:Penicillin drug reaction
4007:Henoch–Schönlein purpura
3822:Eosinophilic esophagitis
3611:Wolf's isotopic response
3172:Stevens–Johnson syndrome
3023:Dermatographic urticaria
2722:Lichen simplex chronicus
2140:Thrombocytopenic purpura
1786:Dermatitis herpetiformis
1771:Acute contact dermatitis
1723:Pityriasis rubra pilaris
1648:Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome
1618:Lichen simplex chronicus
1498:Epidermal inclusion cyst
998:Cutaneous Drug Eruptions
790:Stevens–Johnson syndrome
577:Stevens–Johnson syndrome
349:Stevens–Johnson syndrome
190:Stevens–Johnson syndrome
4594:Injection site reaction
4554:Drug-induced angioedema
4532:Skin and body membranes
4123:Hashimoto's thyroiditis
3910:Guillain–Barré syndrome
3227:Erythema gyratum repens
2547:Abietic acid dermatitis
2405:Squamous-cell carcinoma
2400:Systemic histoplasmosis
1791:Porphyria cutanea tarda
1421:Squamous-cell carcinoma
1082:Archives of Dermatology
429:or as a side effect of
4584:Drug-induced urticaria
4399:Hydroxyurea dermopathy
4302:Adverse drug reactions
4224:Autoimmune adrenalitis
2911:Urticaria and erythema
2380:Cicatricial pemphigoid
2297:Acne keloidalis nuchae
2292:Folliculitis decalvans
1173:10.1186/1750-1172-2-34
1065:: CS1 maint: others (
964:: CS1 maint: others (
4665:Clinical pharmacology
4494:Vaccine adverse event
3126:Hereditary angioedema
3043:Cholinergic urticaria
2987:Reflex cold urticaria
2758:Drug-induced pruritus
2483:Seborrheic dermatitis
2282:Loose anagen syndrome
2209:Necrobiosis lipoidica
2145:Actinic/solar purpura
1819:Insect bite reactions
1608:Seborrheic dermatitis
1431:Merkel-cell carcinoma
1411:Molluscum contagiosum
544:-like rash caused by
107:adverse drug reaction
4366:Steroid folliculitis
4229:Autoimmune hepatitis
4208:Transplant rejection
4118:Giant cell arteritis
4048:Rheumatoid arthritis
3905:Goodpasture syndrome
3817:Autoimmune urticaria
3616:Munro's microabscess
3576:Koebner's phenomenon
3271:Generalized erythema
3078:Autoimmune urticaria
3073:Adrenergic urticaria
3028:Vibratory angioedema
2804:Cholestatic pruritus
2794:due to liver disease
2663:Molluscum dermatitis
2105:Annulare centrifugum
1628:Glucagonoma syndrome
1426:Basal-cell carcinoma
1401:Seborrheic keratosis
534:clinical examination
121:changes, affect the
4630:Fixed drug reaction
3695:autoimmune diseases
3634:Aldrich-Mees' lines
3330:subcutaneous tissue
3217:Erythema marginatum
3149:Erythema multiforme
3093:Schnitzler syndrome
3048:Aquagenic urticaria
2860:Nummular dermatitis
2853:Fixed drug reaction
2670:Circumostomy eczema
2468:Prurigo gestationis
2350:Aphthous stomatitis
2287:Lichen planopilaris
2262:Androgenic alopecia
2068:Fixed drug eruption
1643:Pemphigus foliaceus
1543:Granular cell tumor
1160:Orphanet J Rare Dis
775:Fixed drug reaction
596:
591:Asian populations.
435:fixed drug eruption
401:(with blisters) or
233:Clinical phenotype
217:
186:erythema multiforme
65:erythema multiforme
57:Fixed drug eruption
4432:Vitamin K reaction
4138:Reactive arthritis
4128:Multiple sclerosis
4022:Reactive arthritis
3920:Pemphigus vulgaris
3900:Bullous pemphigoid
3801:Penicillin allergy
3737:Allergic urticaria
3544:Fitzpatrick's sign
3534:Dennie–Morgan fold
3408:Livedo reticularis
3322:Signs and symptoms
3088:Galvanic urticaria
3083:Exercise urticaria
3033:Pressure urticaria
2953:Physical urticaria
2936:Allergic urticaria
2816:Prurigo pigmentosa
2775:Aquagenic pruritus
2567:Contact stomatitis
2506:Contact dermatitis
2370:Pemphigus vulgaris
2199:Granuloma annulare
2063:Carcinoid syndrome
1948:Tuberous sclerosis
1907:Coccidioidomycosis
1781:Bullous pemphigoid
1776:Pemphigus vulgaris
1708:Secondary syphilis
1598:Contact dermatitis
1313:External resources
1133:10.5070/D32197W4T4
1121:Dermatol. Online J
668:Malaysian, Korean
609:Clinical syndrome
594:
498:psychotropic drugs
486:biopharmaceuticals
273:Antibody-mediated
254:Urticarial (hives)
215:
149:pharmatoxicologic.
134:biopharmaceuticals
49:Bullous dermatitis
4647:
4646:
4643:
4642:
4549:Drug-induced acne
4499:Eczema vaccinatum
4427:Warfarin necrosis
4268:
4267:
4264:
4263:
4169:
4168:
4061:
4060:
3970:
3969:
3966:
3965:
3958:Pernicious anemia
3953:Myasthenia gravis
3830:
3829:
3753:Atopic dermatitis
3742:Allergic rhinitis
3657:
3656:
3586:Leser-Trelat sign
3561:Hutchinson's sign
3509:Asboe-Hansen sign
3288:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3204:Figurate erythema
3134:
3133:
3056:
3055:
2878:
2877:
2789:Adult blaschkitis
2726:Prurigo nodularis
2617:Eyelid dermatitis
2557:Airbag dermatitis
2460:Atopic dermatitis
2417:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2257:Telogen effluvium
2221:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2178:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2119:
2118:
1971:
1970:
1839:Lichen spinulosus
1834:Keratosis pilaris
1713:Mycosis fungoides
1613:Stasis dermatitis
1603:Atopic dermatitis
1566:
1565:
1441:Trichoepithelioma
1416:Actinic keratosis
1336:
1335:
1154:Cohen PR (2007).
753:
752:
459:prescription drug
379:erythematous rash
362:
361:
294:, Goodpasture's,
95:
94:
27:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
4672:
4529:
4437:Texier's disease
4338:Red man syndrome
4295:
4288:
4281:
4272:
4251:Sjögren syndrome
4180:
4082:
3987:
3883:
3862:
3722:
3691:Hypersensitivity
3684:
3677:
3670:
3661:
3644:Muehrcke's lines
3524:Braverman's sign
3443:Peripheral edema
3315:
3308:
3301:
3292:
3256:Erythema toxicum
3222:Erythema migrans
3188:Erythema nodosum
3145:
2958:
2933:
2905:
2898:
2891:
2882:
2826:Puncta pruritica
2799:Biliary pruritus
2444:
2437:
2430:
2421:
2355:Oral candidiasis
2232:
2130:
2058:Erythema nodosum
2002:
1991:
1984:
1928:Tinea versicolor
1766:Bullous impetigo
1703:Pityriasis rosea
1638:Lichen sclerosus
1623:Darier's disease
1588:
1577:
1533:Kaposi's sarcoma
1379:
1363:
1356:
1349:
1340:
1243:
1231:
1230:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1185:
1175:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1064:
1056:
1031:
1020:
1019:
993:
970:
969:
963:
955:
930:
907:
906:
870:
861:
860:
842:
827:
826:
811:Am Fam Physician
806:
597:
584:mucous membranes
520:spironolactone.
443:Sweet's syndrome
292:hemolytic anemia
287:thrombocytopenia
218:
170:pharmacogenomics
161:hypersensitivity
123:mucous membranes
91:
90:
42:
30:
21:
4680:
4679:
4675:
4674:
4673:
4671:
4670:
4669:
4650:
4649:
4648:
4639:
4618:
4520:
4472:
4441:
4408:
4370:
4347:
4304:
4299:
4269:
4260:
4212:
4175:
4165:
4147:
4143:Type 1 diabetes
4113:Coeliac disease
4101:
4073:
4057:
4031:
3997:Arthus reaction
3978:
3962:
3948:Graves' disease
3929:
3925:Rheumatic fever
3874:
3842:
3826:
3805:
3732:Allergic asthma
3713:
3697:
3688:
3658:
3653:
3620:
3591:Nikolsky's sign
3495:
3452:
3429:
3381:
3339:
3338:Disturbances of
3332:
3319:
3289:
3280:
3266:Palmar erythema
3236:
3198:
3152:
3130:
3107:
3061:Other urticaria
3052:
3014:
3010:Solar urticaria
2991:
2947:
2920:
2912:
2909:
2879:
2874:
2865:Pityriasis alba
2835:
2831:Uremic pruritus
2821:Prurigo simplex
2770:Senile pruritus
2746:Pruritus vulvae
2741:Pruritus scroti
2712:
2699:
2680:Nummular eczema
2581:
2562:Baboon syndrome
2508:
2500:
2477:
2454:
2448:
2418:
2409:
2341:
2334:
2301:
2267:Alopecia areata
2245:
2227:
2213:
2170:
2149:
2125:
2115:
2072:
2031:
2017:Viral exanthems
1995:
1979:
1977:
1967:
1938:Pityriasis alba
1916:
1858:
1800:
1737:
1657:
1653:Zinc deficiency
1583:
1581:
1562:
1490:
1481:
1445:
1436:Nevus sebaceous
1370:
1367:
1337:
1332:
1331:
1308:
1307:
1254:
1240:
1235:
1234:
1213:(19): 1272–85.
1207:N. Engl. J. Med
1204:
1203:
1199:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1057:
1045:
1033:
1032:
1023:
1016:
995:
994:
973:
956:
944:
932:
931:
910:
881:(11): 1011–30.
872:
871:
864:
857:
844:
843:
830:
808:
807:
803:
798:
771:
652:SJS, TEN, DIHS
648:Thai, European
530:medical history
526:
494:anticonvulsants
455:
427:photodermatitis
419:
367:
306:Immune complex
296:ANCA vasculitis
182:
85:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4678:
4676:
4668:
4667:
4662:
4660:Drug eruptions
4652:
4651:
4645:
4644:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4637:
4632:
4626:
4624:
4620:
4619:
4617:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4535:
4533:
4526:
4522:
4521:
4519:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4502:
4501:
4491:
4486:
4480:
4478:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4449:
4447:
4443:
4442:
4440:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4418:
4416:
4414:Anticoagulants
4410:
4409:
4407:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4380:
4378:
4372:
4371:
4369:
4368:
4363:
4357:
4355:
4349:
4348:
4346:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4314:
4312:
4306:
4305:
4300:
4298:
4297:
4290:
4283:
4275:
4266:
4265:
4262:
4261:
4259:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4247:
4246:
4241:
4231:
4226:
4220:
4218:
4214:
4213:
4211:
4210:
4205:
4199:
4198:
4197:
4186:
4184:
4177:
4171:
4170:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4163:
4157:
4155:
4149:
4148:
4146:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4109:
4107:
4103:
4102:
4100:
4099:
4094:
4088:
4086:
4079:
4063:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4039:
4037:
4033:
4032:
4030:
4029:
4027:Serum sickness
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3993:
3991:
3984:
3981:Immune complex
3972:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3964:
3963:
3961:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3944:
3942:
3931:
3930:
3928:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3891:
3889:
3880:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3868:
3866:
3859:
3858:
3857:
3856:
3855:
3850:
3832:
3831:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3824:
3819:
3813:
3811:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3798:
3797:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3739:
3734:
3728:
3726:
3719:
3699:
3698:
3689:
3687:
3686:
3679:
3672:
3664:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3630:
3628:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3606:Wickham striae
3603:
3601:Russell's sign
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3581:Koplik's spots
3578:
3573:
3568:
3566:Janeway lesion
3563:
3558:
3556:Gottron's sign
3552:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3519:Borsari's sign
3516:
3514:Auspitz's sign
3511:
3505:
3503:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3491:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3460:
3458:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3450:
3445:
3439:
3437:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3411:
3410:
3400:
3395:
3389:
3387:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3379:
3374:
3368:
3367:
3362:
3361:
3360:
3350:
3344:
3342:
3340:skin sensation
3334:
3333:
3320:
3318:
3317:
3310:
3303:
3295:
3286:
3285:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3247:
3245:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3208:
3206:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3191:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3158:
3156:
3142:
3136:
3135:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3128:
3123:
3117:
3115:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3064:
3062:
3058:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3002:
3000:Heat urticaria
2996:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2965:Cold urticaria
2961:
2955:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2945:
2939:
2937:
2930:
2914:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2907:
2900:
2893:
2885:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2856:
2855:
2850:
2843:
2841:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2811:Prion pruritus
2808:
2807:
2806:
2801:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2783:
2782:
2772:
2767:
2766:
2765:
2754:
2753:
2751:Scalp pruritus
2748:
2743:
2738:
2729:
2728:
2718:
2716:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2695:Xerotic eczema
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2666:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2634:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2597:
2591:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2540:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2520:
2518:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2493:
2487:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2475:
2470:
2464:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2449:
2447:
2446:
2439:
2432:
2424:
2415:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2390:Coxsackievirus
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2346:
2344:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2311:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2253:
2251:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2142:
2136:
2134:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2113:
2107:
2102:
2100:Gyratum repens
2097:
2092:
2086:
2080:
2078:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2022:Toxic erythema
2019:
2014:
2012:Drug eruptions
2008:
2006:
1999:
1988:
1981:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1868:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1856:
1851:
1849:Lichen nitidus
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1810:
1808:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1751:Herpes simplex
1747:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1673:
1667:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1594:
1592:
1585:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1494:
1492:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1387:
1385:
1376:
1372:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1365:
1358:
1351:
1343:
1334:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1294:
1275:
1255:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1246:Classification
1239:
1238:External links
1236:
1233:
1232:
1197:
1146:
1107:
1088:(6): 765–770.
1072:
1043:
1021:
1014:
971:
942:
908:
862:
856:978-0723435716
855:
828:
817:(8): 1865–72.
800:
799:
797:
794:
793:
792:
787:
782:
777:
770:
767:
751:
750:
747:
744:
741:
738:
734:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
720:Methazolamide
717:
716:
713:
710:
704:
698:
694:
693:
690:
687:
684:
681:
677:
676:
673:
670:
664:
661:
660:Carbamezepine
657:
656:
653:
650:
644:
641:
637:
636:
633:
630:
621:
618:
614:
613:
610:
607:
604:
601:
525:
522:
454:
451:
431:anticoagulants
423:drug allergies
418:
415:
387:papulosquamous
366:
363:
360:
359:
342:
336:
335:T-lymphocytes
333:
330:
326:
325:
322:Serum sickness
319:
310:
309:IgM, IgG, IgA
307:
304:
300:
299:
283:
277:
274:
271:
267:
266:
251:
245:
242:
239:
235:
234:
231:
228:
225:
222:
181:
180:Classification
178:
93:
92:
79:
73:
72:
61:phenolphtalein
44:
43:
35:
34:
26:
24:
18:Drug eruptions
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4677:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4657:
4655:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4627:
4625:
4621:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4536:
4534:
4530:
4527:
4523:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4511:Halogenoderma
4509:
4507:
4504:
4500:
4497:
4496:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4475:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4444:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4415:
4411:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4381:
4379:
4377:
4373:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4358:
4356:
4354:
4350:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4315:
4313:
4311:
4307:
4303:
4296:
4291:
4289:
4284:
4282:
4277:
4276:
4273:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4236:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4221:
4219:
4215:
4209:
4206:
4203:
4202:Latex allergy
4200:
4196:
4193:
4192:
4191:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4181:
4178:
4172:
4162:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4154:
4150:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4110:
4108:
4104:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4083:
4080:
4077:
4072:
4071:cell-mediated
4068:
4064:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4034:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4002:Farmer's lung
4000:
3998:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3988:
3985:
3982:
3977:
3973:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3941:
3937:
3932:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3888:
3884:
3881:
3877:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3863:
3860:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3845:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3808:
3802:
3799:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3761:
3760:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3723:
3720:
3717:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3685:
3680:
3678:
3673:
3671:
3666:
3665:
3662:
3650:
3649:Terry's nails
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3627:
3623:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3596:Pastia's sign
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3553:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3539:Darier's sign
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3502:
3498:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3455:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3436:
3432:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3384:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3369:
3366:
3365:Hyperesthesia
3363:
3359:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3341:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3316:
3311:
3309:
3304:
3302:
3297:
3296:
3293:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3239:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3201:
3195:
3192:
3189:
3185:
3184:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3154:drug eruption
3150:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3137:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3110:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3059:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3017:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2994:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2950:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2934:
2931:
2928:
2924:
2919:
2915:
2906:
2901:
2899:
2894:
2892:
2887:
2886:
2883:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2838:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2727:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2715:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2658:Dermatophytid
2656:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2645:
2642:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2607:Breast eczema
2605:
2604:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2584:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2572:Metal allergy
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2538:
2537:Tulip fingers
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2512:
2507:
2503:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2480:
2474:
2473:Sweat allergy
2471:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2452:
2445:
2440:
2438:
2433:
2431:
2426:
2425:
2422:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2360:Lichen planus
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2337:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2315:Onychomycosis
2313:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2304:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2277:Tinea capitis
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2248:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2233:
2230:
2226:Miscellaneous
2224:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2152:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2131:
2128:
2124:Nonblanchable
2122:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1992:
1989:
1985:
1982:
1974:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1921:Hypopigmented
1919:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1872:Acne vulgaris
1870:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1861:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1824:Lichen planus
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1756:Herpes zoster
1754:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1740:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1728:Parapsoriasis
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1589:
1586:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1569:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1488:
1484:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1377:
1373:
1364:
1359:
1357:
1352:
1350:
1345:
1344:
1341:
1328:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1311:
1304:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1256:
1253:
1248:
1244:
1237:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1201:
1198:
1193:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1150:
1147:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1111:
1108:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1076:
1073:
1068:
1062:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1044:9780071741699
1040:
1036:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1015:9781447167280
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
992:
990:
988:
986:
984:
982:
980:
978:
976:
972:
967:
961:
953:
949:
945:
943:9783805599702
939:
935:
929:
927:
925:
923:
921:
919:
917:
915:
913:
909:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
869:
867:
863:
858:
852:
848:
841:
839:
837:
835:
833:
829:
824:
820:
816:
812:
805:
802:
795:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
772:
768:
766:
764:
762:
761:patch testing
757:
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
735:
731:
728:
725:
722:
719:
718:
714:
711:
709:
705:
703:
699:
696:
695:
691:
688:
685:
682:
679:
678:
674:
671:
669:
665:
662:
659:
658:
654:
651:
649:
646:Han, Korean,
645:
642:
639:
638:
634:
631:
629:
626:
622:
619:
616:
615:
611:
608:
605:
602:
599:
598:
592:
589:
585:
580:
578:
574:
570:
566:
561:
559:
558:immunological
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
523:
521:
517:
515:
514:mononucleosis
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
474:antimicrobial
471:
466:
464:
460:
452:
450:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
416:
414:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
365:By appearance
364:
358:
354:
350:
346:
343:
341:
337:
334:
332:Delayed-type
331:
328:
327:
323:
320:
318:
317:
311:
308:
305:
302:
301:
298:
297:
293:
288:
285:drug-induced
284:
282:
278:
275:
272:
269:
268:
265:
264:
259:
255:
252:
250:
246:
243:
240:
237:
236:
232:
229:
226:
223:
220:
219:
213:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
179:
177:
175:
171:
166:
163:
162:
157:
156:
151:
150:
145:
144:
138:
135:
130:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
103:drug eruption
100:
89:
83:
80:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
53:sulfathiazole
50:
45:
41:
36:
33:Drug eruption
31:
19:
4446:Immunologics
4376:Chemotherapy
4361:Steroid acne
4097:Mantoux test
3758:Food allergy
3639:Beau's lines
3469:Desquamation
3377:Hyperalgesia
3348:Hypoesthesia
3324:relating to
3261:Erythroderma
3183:panniculitis
3181:
3153:
2793:
2736:Pruritus ani
2733:by location:
2732:
2543:
2523:
2330:Ingrown nail
2011:
1902:Dermatophyte
1897:Gonococcemia
1882:Folliculitis
1523:Neurofibroma
1491:subcutaneous
1320:
1296:
1277:
1258:
1210:
1206:
1200:
1163:
1159:
1149:
1124:
1120:
1110:
1085:
1081:
1075:
1034:
997:
933:
878:
874:
846:
814:
810:
804:
765:
758:
754:
707:
701:
697:Lamotrigine
667:
647:
640:Allopurinol
627:
624:
623:US European
581:
562:
527:
518:
512:in cases of
490:chemotherapy
467:
456:
420:
417:By mechanism
373:(resembling
371:morbilliform
368:
339:
313:
290:
280:
261:
248:
224:Description
206:erythroderma
183:
167:
160:
159:
154:
153:
148:
147:
142:
141:
139:
131:
102:
96:
67:(D) Diffuse
63:(C) Bullous
4477:Other drugs
4310:Antibiotics
3748:Anaphylaxis
3744:(Hay fever)
3571:Kerr's sign
3479:Diaphoresis
3386:Circulation
3372:Hypoalgesia
3358:Formication
3353:Paresthesia
2648:Id reaction
2632:Dyshidrosis
2627:Hand eczema
2552:Diaper rash
2385:Herpesvirus
2365:Leukoplakia
2190:Scleroderma
2077:Specialized
2005:Generalized
1980:involvement
1892:Candidiasis
1584:involvement
1558:Myxoid cyst
1406:Acrochordon
847:Dermatology
740:HLA-B*1502
723:HLA-B*5901
702:HLA-B*1502
683:HLA-B*1301
666:Han, Thai,
663:HLA-B*1502
643:HLA-B*5801
628:Australian
625:US African
620:HLA-B*5701
606:Population
554:blood tests
550:skin biopsy
506:minocycline
478:sulfa drugs
470:antibiotics
258:anaphylaxis
137:reactions.
125:, or cause
82:Dermatology
4654:Categories
4506:Bromoderma
4217:Autoimmune
4106:Autoimmune
4036:Autoimmune
3879:Autoimmune
3810:Autoimmune
3529:Crowe sign
3474:Induration
3113:Angioedema
2848:Bromoderma
2612:Ear eczema
2496:Cradle cap
2453:and eczema
2451:Dermatitis
2325:Paronychia
2166:Vasculitis
2090:Multiforme
2088:Erythema (
2043:Cellulitis
1994:Blanchable
1743:Blistering
1733:Ichthyosis
1591:Eczematous
1503:Hemangioma
796:References
743:Thai, Han
737:Phenytoin
706:European,
510:ampicillin
484:(NSAIDs),
472:and other
407:Angioedema
383:urticarial
316:leukocytes
263:angioedema
241:Immediate
230:Mechanism
59:caused by
51:caused by
4516:Iododerma
3887:Cytotoxic
3489:Neck mass
3425:Blanching
2918:Urticaria
2780:Aquadynia
2320:Psoriasis
2228:disorders
2183:Indurated
2084:Urticaria
2036:Localized
1978:epidermal
1761:Varicella
1671:Psoriasis
1582:epidermal
1548:Leiomyoma
1450:Pigmented
1383:Epidermal
1322:eMedicine
1094:0003-987X
1061:cite book
1053:793223356
960:cite book
952:798579099
746:SJS, TEN
729:SJS, TEN
712:SJS, TEN
700:HLA-B*38
672:SJS, TEN
617:Abacavir
546:erlotinib
540:, or the
502:piroxicam
439:phenytoin
403:lichenoid
303:Type III
276:IgM, IgG
227:Mediator
221:Reaction
77:Specialty
4353:Hormones
4176:multiple
4174:Unknown/
3976:Type III
3940:receptor
3789:Tree nut
3448:Anasarca
3420:Petechia
3415:Flushing
3393:Cyanosis
3243:erythema
3140:Erythema
2970:Familial
2705:Pruritus
2653:Candidid
2515:irritant
2511:allergic
2395:Syphilis
2342:membrane
1997:Erythema
1933:Vitiligo
1887:Impetigo
1864:Pustular
1829:Miliaria
1677:Corporis
1528:Xanthoma
1477:Melanoma
1457:Freckles
1327:derm/104
1192:17655751
1141:12952753
1127:(3): 6.
1102:11405768
903:25391301
895:17973540
875:Drug Saf
769:See also
749:Warning
686:Chinese
680:Dapsone
492:agents,
395:purpuric
391:pustular
329:Type IV
204:(DIHS),
152:Whereas
99:medicine
4525:General
4183:Foreign
4085:Foreign
4076:T cells
4067:Type IV
3990:Foreign
3865:Foreign
3836:Type II
3779:Seafood
3725:Foreign
3707:allergy
2927:chronic
2714:Prurigo
2524:plants:
2194:morphea
2154:Papular
2133:Macular
2126:Purpura
2110:Ab igne
2095:Migrans
2048:Abscess
1976:Without
1958:Leprosy
1877:Rosacea
1814:Scabies
1806:Papular
1675:Tinea (
1663:Scaling
1467:Melasma
1462:Lentigo
1375:Growths
1303:D003875
1227:7794310
1183:1963326
823:7762478
726:Korean
603:Allele
476:drugs,
453:By drug
399:bullous
375:measles
270:TypeII
238:Type I
196:(TEN),
192:(SJS),
174:alleles
127:itching
109:of the
4204:(I+IV)
3936:Type V
3774:Peanut
3703:Type I
3403:Livedo
3398:Pallor
3241:Other
2587:Eczema
2544:other:
2340:Mucous
2236:Ulcers
1697:Faciei
1692:Manuum
1682:Cruris
1572:Rashes
1518:Lipoma
1513:Keloid
1487:Dermal
1396:Callus
1225:
1190:
1180:
1166:: 34.
1139:
1100:
1092:
1051:
1041:
1012:
950:
940:
901:
893:
853:
821:
461:or an
155:Type B
143:Type A
105:is an
84:
4623:Other
4043:Lupus
3794:Wheat
3711:atopy
3626:Nails
3457:Other
3435:Edema
2923:acute
2840:Other
1687:Pedis
1472:Nevus
1292:782.1
1288:692.3
1273:L27.1
1269:L27.0
899:S2CID
689:DIHS
632:DIHS
600:Drug
548:). A
433:). A
377:) or
4244:APS2
4239:APS1
4153:GVHD
3840:ADCC
3769:Milk
3693:and
3501:Skin
3484:Mass
3464:Rash
3328:and
3326:skin
2709:Itch
2307:Nail
2250:Hair
2053:Boil
1580:With
1391:Wart
1298:MeSH
1283:9-CM
1223:PMID
1188:PMID
1137:PMID
1098:PMID
1090:ISSN
1067:link
1049:OCLC
1039:ISBN
1010:ISBN
966:link
948:OCLC
938:ISBN
891:PMID
851:ISBN
819:PMID
708:Han
675:Yes
635:Yes
575:and
542:acne
532:and
496:and
244:IgE
208:and
119:nail
117:and
115:hair
111:skin
101:, a
55:(B)
3853:IgM
3848:IgG
3784:Soy
3764:Egg
3716:IgE
1987:Red
1489:and
1279:ICD
1260:ICD
1215:doi
1211:331
1178:PMC
1168:doi
1129:doi
1086:137
1002:doi
883:doi
732:No
692:No
655:No
588:FDA
556:or
449:).
413:).
158:or
97:In
4656::
3938:"/
2513:,
1325::
1301::
1290:,
1286::
1271:,
1267::
1264:10
1221:.
1209:.
1186:.
1176:.
1162:.
1158:.
1135:.
1123:.
1119:.
1096:.
1084:.
1063:}}
1059:{{
1047:.
1024:^
1008:.
974:^
962:}}
958:{{
946:.
911:^
897:.
889:.
879:30
877:.
865:^
831:^
815:51
813:.
552:,
516:.
488:,
480:,
465:.
405:.
397:,
393:,
389:,
385:,
355:,
351:,
289:,
260:,
256:,
200:,
188:,
4294:e
4287:t
4280:v
4078:)
4074:(
4069:/
3983:)
3979:(
3934:"
3838:/
3718:)
3714:(
3709:/
3705:/
3683:e
3676:t
3669:v
3314:e
3307:t
3300:v
3190:)
3186:(
3151:/
2929:)
2925:/
2921:(
2904:e
2897:t
2890:v
2724:/
2711:/
2707:/
2646:/
2517:)
2509:(
2443:e
2436:t
2429:v
2192:/
2112:)
1699:)
1362:e
1355:t
1348:v
1281:-
1262:-
1252:D
1229:.
1217::
1194:.
1170::
1164:2
1143:.
1131::
1125:9
1104:.
1069:)
1055:.
1018:.
1004::
968:)
954:.
905:.
885::
859:.
825:.
71:.
20:)
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